MARINE RESEARCH Commlltee
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STATE OF CALIFORNIA MARINE RESEARCH COMMllTEE OCTOBER 1977 This report is not copyrighted and may be reproduced in other publications provided due credit is given the California Marine Research Committee, the author, and the reporting agencies. Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to the State Fisheries Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Game, 350 Golden Shore, Long Beach, California 90802. EDITORIAL BOARD lzadore Barrett Herbert W. Frey John Radovich Joseph L. Reid CODEN COFR-A STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MARINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Reports VOLUME XIX 1 July 1975 to 30 June 1976 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHER1 ES SERVICE October 1977 STATE OF CALIFORNIA-RESOURCES AGENCY EDMUND G. BROWN JR., Governor DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME MARINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE 1 October 1977 The Honorable Edmund G. Brown Jr. Governor of the State of California Sacramento, California Dear Governor Brown: We have the honor to submit the nineteenth report of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations. The report consists of three sections. The first contains a review of the administrative and research activities during the period 1 July 1975 to 30 June 1976, a description of the fisheries, and a list of publications arising from the programs. The second section consists of papers presented at a Symposium, "The Anchovy Management Chal 1enge ,I' he1 d December 9 , 1975. Parti ci - pants in the Symposium included knowledgeable scientists and resource managers from various parts of the world interested in the management of pelagic fish resources. In Particular, Daniel Lluch of the Instituto Nacional de Pesca of Mexico and Robert Kaneen of the California Department of Fish and Game discussed, resPectively, the exploitation and conservation of the Northern anchovy as seen from Baja California and California. The third section consists of scientific contributions that represent research directly pertinent to the living marine resources of California. Some of these were original papers given at the Symposium on Fishery Biology, held in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico, February 1975. Respectfully submitted , MARINE RESEARCH COMMITTEE / Charles R. Carry, Chairman CONTENTS I. Review of Activities of 1 July 1975 to 30 June 1976 Report of the CalCOFI Committee ....... ................................................................ 5 Agency Reports ............................................................... 6 Review of the Pelagic Wet-Fisheries for 1975 . ........................................... 19 Publications ............................................................... 21 11. Symposium of the CalCOFI Conference THE ANCHOVY MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE La Jolla, California, December 9, 1975 California’s View of Anchovy Management. Robert G. Kaneen .................. 25 The Mexican View of the Basic Research Needs for the Management of the Anchovy Fishery. Daniel Lluch B. .................................................................. 28 Research and Management in Southeast Atlantic Pelagic Fisheries. David L. Cram ................................................................................. ........................ 33 The Lessons of the Peruvian Anchoveta Fishery. WiIIia Clark . 57 111. Scientific Contributions Dwarf Hake Off the Coast of Baja California, Mexico. AndrewM. Vrooman and Pedro A. Paloma ..... ....................................................... 67 Recurrent Group Analysis of Hyperiid Amphipods from the North Pacific Central Gyre. Eric Shulenberger .................................................................... 73 Hidrologia Comparativa de las Bocas de Dos Antiestuarios de Baja California. Saul Alvarez Borrego, Manuel de Jesus Acosta Ruiz, Ruben Lara La ............................................................. 78 Parametros Relaci Productividad Organica Primari Antiestuarios de Baja California. Saul AIvarez Borrego, Jose Ruben Lara Lara, and Manuel de Jesus Acosta Ruiz ....................................... 84 Corrientes Geostroficas en el Golfo de California en la Superficie y a 200 Metros, Durante Las Estaciones de Invierno y Verano. Armando Rosas Cota ........................................................................................................................ 89 Climatology of Upwelling Related Processes off Baja California. Andrew Bakun and Craig S Nelson ....................... ..................................... 107 Estimation of the Effects of Environmen ns on the Eggs and Larvae of the Northern Anchovy. Reuben Lasker and Paul E. Smith .. 128 Behavior and Survival of Northern Anchov ulis mordaxlarvae. John R. Hunter ................................................ .................................... 138 The Fishery for Northern Anchovy, Engraulis mordax, off California and Baja California in 1975. Humberto Chavez, Slvia Silva, and John S Sunada .................................................................................................................... 147 Part I REVIEW OF ACTIVITIES 1 July 1975 to 30 June 1976 REPORT OF THE CALCOFI COMMITTEE During the year, the informal cooperative addressed the pelagic fisheries off South Africa and research activities between CalCOFI agencies and Peru. These fisheries on similar species may provide the Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INP) of Mexico have additional insight on the management of the continued and have been enhanced. Additional northern anchovy and Pacific sardine resources off “work groups” were established and cooperative California and Mexico. In addition to marine work in the areas of egg and larva surveys, acoustic scientists and managers, both commercial and surveys, catch per-unit-of-effort,fishery monitoring, recreational interests attended the symposium and and data processing was either continued or participated in the question and answer sessions. initiated. Considerable attention was given to the One of the products of the cooperative work anchovy resource fished in common by both United between CalCOFI and INP biologists is presented in States and Mexican fishermen. this publication. For the first time, a report detailing The subject of the CalCOFI Conference both the Mexican and California fisheries on the symposium, “The Anchovy Management central anchovy stock has been produced. This Challenge,” on December 9, 1975, is good evidence should be the beginning of a series of publications of the interest of both California and Mexico in the that may be extended to other species in the future. anchovy resource. With Mexico’s growing capability to harvest and process anchovies, the fishery will Izadore Barrett, Herbert Frey, John Rad0 vich, and continue to enlarge. Part of the symposium Joseph Reid. _. AGENCY REPORTS CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Appendicularia ( Oikopleura and Fritallaria). Yo new forms were found in the stomach contents July 1, 1975-June 30, 1976 of the Pacific hake or the market squid. In previous reports we have dealt with the major In those species in which re-examination yielded food items found in the stomachs of a number of additional data, the number of kinds of organisms species of fish of present or potential interest to found has been increased as follows: Jack mackerel, fishermen along the California coast. Rather 60 plus 9, or 69; Pacific mackerel, 60 plus 14, or 74; commonly, fishes large enough to enter the Pacific saury, 19 plus 10, or 29. In each case the ones commercial fishery feed on marine organisms large found in the first examination may be regarded as enough to be identified by macroscopic observation, dominant, since the ones discovered only on although owing to maceration during digestion, re-examination were scarcer and harder to find. It individual organisms may have to be identified may further be concluded that the diet of all three through microscopic study of fragments (legs, eyes, species is essentially zooplankton, since in the antennae, or other recognizable parts). specimens studied and restudied, phytoplankton is However, in identification of the fish and close to zero. It is clear also that the organisms macroplankton ingested by the commercial fishes reported in the first study are the dominant food in under study, no attention has been directed each case, since greater effort and higher specifically to a search for very small plankton magnification was required to find the forms added (nannoplankton) which might have been ingested by restudy. along with larger food. Murray and Hjort suggest in Robert C Miller their classic book The Depths of the Ocean (p. 356) Anatole S. Loukashkin that these hard-to-get small plankton species may, because of their numbers, play a more important role than all of the others combined. It was accordingly decided to make a detailed restudy under the CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME microscope of the stomach contents of the fishes involved in this investigation. July 1, 1975 to June 30, 1976 Briefly it may be stated that no nannoplankton was found, and with two exceptions, no phytoplankton Sea Survey whatever. The exceptions were two Jack Mackerel Acoustic surveys conducted during the fall and caught south of Catalina Island in May 1969; each spring indicated the central stock of anchovies to be contained among other items found in the stomach,