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Supplement to the SVOBODA, Ukrainian Daily
Published by'the Junior Department of the Ukrainian National Association
No. 44 JERSEY CITY, N. X, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1937 VOL; V у ітіг••»••• -у тті-ivrf - •" --nm witmitw Htfi 1st ttmiMi I>.\ vn:s'тЧ) SPEAK is PimxY Sltclvowi Striltsi Rhys Davies, member of the SIGtIIFICANCE OF NQVEMBER FIRST Many a roof has nearly' been British Parliament, will apeak ід raised by our young people, afl* the Ukrainian National Hall, £49 While most of the war-weary Lviw slept, stirring with flushed cheeks and sparkling and far-reaching events were taking place on its main eyes, much heaving of chests, and North Franklin Street, -Philadel stamping of feet to keep time, phia, on Sunday. October 31st, Streets during the night of October 31-November 1, 1918. . they give a tremendously effec starting at One o'clock. Admission •Acting swiftly and silently Ukrainian troops were oc tive (if not at 'all times melodi free. Youth especially invited. cupying the public buildings and other strategic points ous) rendition of those famous Ukrainian Sitchowi Striltsi songs. of this ancient capital of Western" Ukraine. The disen- Arid" yet, •' not many of these energetic vocaflzers have a very this legion to a bare few thou tregating Austro-Hungary Empire was no longer power л sand, which was done, and these ful enough to stop them. And just before daybreak, a clear picture of those after whom ' these songs were named. To help few thousands entered the war. youngs student, Stephen Pankiwsky, climbed the high make this picture clearer is our It was under such circum tower of the City Hall and there-fastened the Ukrainian purpose. stances that the Ukrainian Sit chowi Striltsi arose. We ail know - yellow and blue banner. Flaming in the rays of the The' term "Sitchowi' Striltsi" is how bravely this email band of . rising.sun, it proclaimed to all that after centuries of idiomatic, but freely translated idealists foughts throughout the' means the ''Riflemen of the Sitch." subjugation a nation had been reborn, that Western entire war; how vain was the U- In its original sense the word krainian dependence upon- Aus Ukraine- had at last become free! "Sitch" was the name of the tria; and finally, we all know what' lower Dnieper- stronghold of the Such were the events that ushered the Western a leading and valorous part the world famous Ukrainian Zaporo- Sitchowi Striltsi took' in the set- • Ukrainian Republic into the family of free nations nine zhian Kozaks. ting up and defense of' the U- teen years ago. Beginning tomorrow and lasting through The Sitchowi Striltsi movement krainian Republic. originated' bqjck "in -" Ї9ІЗ. • During out the whole of next month, Ukrainians the wOrld over that year,-a number of Ukrainian .And yet, /what impresses us will observe the anniversary of that inspiring date. university students of Lviw, West most is not so much' what they ern Ukraine, sensing the coming accomplished, but the spirit with No doubt, it may strike sO'me as rather strange that of a war, met and united • them which, they accomplished—their this date, November 1, 1918, should still inspire a na selves into a semi-mllitery organ idealism. , Here was the very tion which today is once more in the grip of foreign ization which they- narted the SitJ flower of Ukrainian youth, stand chowi Striltsi. This organization ing on the threshold of life, dedi oppression. Of what use observing its anniversary, they grew very rapidly, attracting, cating themselves heart and soul, might ask, when the freedom gained on it is no longer many members. to an ideal—the establishment of yours today? a free and independent Ukraine! When the World War broke Nothing deterred them in the Such a question may appear logical, but in reality out in 1914, the Ukrainian na service of this ideal, neither de tion was under* the "yoke of two' feat, nor the lack of-food and it has no basis. Were those who ask it better acquaint states—Russia and Austria-Hun ammunition, nor typhus, nor ed, with Ukrainian history, they would readily under gary. death. A passionate love for their The rule of both these powers motherland Ukraine, coupled with stand why November 1, 1918 is so inspiring to the U- was very oppressive: each one krainian people, even today when again they are not a will to die for her, together with j striving to denationalize the U- a cheerfulness of spirit—this, well free. They would realize that what gives it this quality krainians. And yet, the lot of describes the Ukrainian Sitchowi the latter under Austro-Hungary Striltsi. They fought like heroes, is the fact that for centuries the Ukrainians had been was comparatively milder than • - subjected to an unprecedented oppression and denational gathered up their wounded and і .that, of -those under Russia. There- dead, and then—tfith a song upon ization, rigorous and cruel enough to have obliterated- fpre, most Ukrainians placed their their Irps—plunged back irito the from the face of this earth any ordinary nation; and reliance upon Austria, hoping that fray again. Indeed, they were yet, when so slim an - opportunity presented itself as at in the event she was victorious, true sons of the famous Ukrain she would seize the Ukrainian ian Zaporozhian Kozaks!. the close of the World War,, the Ukrainians rose to it, territories under Russia, arid strong in their national consciousness and confident in create out of them an autonomous And although they no longer Ukrainian state, one which would exist today as a unit, yet their their destiny,, cast out their oppressors, and set .up their include Western Ukraine as welL memory and spirit snail always' - Own independent state. In the light of its background, —Today, we know how futile this be among us; never-forsaking us, this was indeed a great and inspiring achievement, espe hope was. always giving courage to the But then {hey did not. And so,; present and future defenders of cially since it clearly demonstrated that no amount of to make this dream an actuality, Ukrainian liberties. .••• bludgeoning by fate and misfortune had daunted the the Ukrainians organized a legion The Ukrainian Sitchowi Striltsi courage" and the will of the Ukrainians to live and de of •volunteers who took for them have also *eft us another price velop as a nation. • selves the name of "Sitchowi Stril less heritage — their matcWess tsi." Their main purpose was to songs, which are so popular And this great achievement, we: must bear in mind, aid Austria in defeating, Russia among our youth today. These and thus free Ukraine. How songs were an inseparable jaart was ixjg no wise dimmed by the events that followed. For popular this legion was among of the Sitchowi Striltsi. They ' although the* Ukrainians were unable to retain their the Ukrainians is evidenced by Were, born In the trenches, in the newly'^won national freedom, it was very little fault of the fact that within two weeks mud! on the march, in battle, or more than 30,000 Ukrainians even in the field hospital—and for their own." Their Western Ukrainian Republic immediate volunteered to join it. Most of that reason they express in their ly found itself savagely attacked on all sides by power these volunteers were students, dwn poignant way all of the ideals, ful enemies, especially Poland. The latter had also just who saw in this legion an oppor hopes, joys and BOITOWB of those tunity to strike a telling blow for a£ter whom they are named. gained her independence,, thanks to the efforts of Presi Ukrainian freedom, and who were May they-resound down through dent Wilson, who declared.; that a Polish state should be prepared to-sacrifice even their the generations'as a memory to set up within its ethnographic boundaries. Despite this lives to do_so„ The Poles,-how those' Ukrainian heroes known as ever, apprehensive of tins shoy the Sitchowi Striltsi, and may admonition, however, the newly-ressurected Poland quick of strength, prevailed upon ,the they ever be an inspiration to us ly encroached upon Ukrainian ethnographic territories, Austrian -Government to reduce /*\, •young UkrAinlan-Amerfcans. and when met with resistance engaged in a war of ag gression against their populace. ".. There is hardly any doubt that the Ukrainians, de Before these great odds, tfie Ukrainians, their ranks spite their lack of equipment, arms, and ammunition; decimated by typhus, had to gradually give way (just would have eventually driven off their ancient enemy as their kinsmen in Greater or Eastern Ukraine were -and retained their independence, if to the support of similarly giving way/before1 the Reds, Whites, and other •the latter there had not come Allied'help, principally enemies), and thus eventually lost their independence. French, including equipment, arms, ammunition, tanks, And'BO, as we see, although they lost, they lost and eVen officers. j honorably, and emerged from the struggle with stronger . Already overloaded, the scales of this warfare turn national consciousness and more firm the conviction that ed definitely in Poland's favor when on the scene there no amount of oppression and denationalization will ever also arrived General Haller's Army, consisting mostly break their spirit. of divisions of Polish-American volunteers^ also organ That is why November 1, 1918 inspires them so. ized and equipped by the Allies. Added Лоі all this, the K That is why, too, its. observance is attended with such Paris Peace Conference made decision alter decision fervor of patriotic feelings and such high hopes for the favoring the Poles and disfranchising the Ukrainians. future of the Ukrainian national aspirations. %•¥< UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1937 No. 44 ж я** ^E Brazil's campaign against "sub A CASE OF |SOUB GRAPES? WEEKEY CQHMEt^TATOR versive" andy*'Communist" litera • In the Polish daily "Nowy Ь'МІ&к&ДрЩ ture, reports-""an Associated Press Swiai," October 20th issue, we item. read the following item in the EARLIEST MENTION OF U- kraini" (Songs of Ukraine). Its Just think,' Thousands upon column entitled "Sprawy na Cta- KBA1NE IN AMERICAN-!** first part consists of a historical thousands of copies of this "sub 816*':— !^iUP1 survey of the Ukrainian Cossacks, versive" book are circulating pa?'. «1-4 G?2 ^^инврв- while its q«ffJiH part deals with "Bronko Nagurski, who in his among the American youth, ex time was a. popular football play Several years ago we compiled the Ukrainian songs. Here the posing them to tile dangers of g* "American Pit— -Comments On author expresses . his pleasure at er- and now is a? professional Communistic _ propaganda. It's wrestler, in reply to a query made j'' Ukraine, 1914-1931," Tparts of the beauty off these songs and about time something was done which we published in the early, »f: translates several of them, ex by reporters from the American. about' this.. And this newly-re press, asked them to remember issues -of this Weekly. Recently, pressing in the act his regret that vealed ally of Marx—Mark Twain, a young person who had read his translations do not fully re that he is not a Pole but a 100 his effigy should be tarred, ridden per cent Ukrainian. L •i-j-them asked us when and where tain the strength and beauty of on a rail", hung, and burned! ... was ..'the earliest mention of U- the songs in their original form. •, "Polish newspapers should also 1 Awake, '. '-ye^ "super-patriots," kraine or the Ukrainian people Referring to the Ukrainian lan remember this. We have enough made in the American press. We guage, the author .(as yet unV "awake! . - V - prominent Polish athletes*. We do promised to look brto-this, mat known to us)- writes: д^'^ЗїВ? A REAL CANDID CAMERA not need to claim as our own those їе.' ter and give the answer in this of another nationality." «*4vjftV«' column* Wefij^hera it is:— "Those only who I understand MAN the language of the people of U- "Is that- anything 'so strange. "You should' know, sirs,- that ШвіЖс^сШгШь It's not the first time a Zaporo Chorna Нога is just.as good as 5ІГ (CHORNA RADA),;£ '*Щ zhian has been troubled by a wo the Sitch; except that in Chorna ч Hora they do not renounce By PANTELEYMON KUUSBL man." '•'£. - і "Oh, niy Herman, and how!. womenhood. There, too, they've (Translated by 8. 8.)'ч'** (13) And it's nothing to be wondered got a system like ours down in at either. After all, look at Adam the: Sitch, except in place of the. ШШІШІІк: Щ Л 'kuren' they have their 'brother such a taking manner that you himself, and his experience with CHAPTER VH-й^О Eve!" . hood, and each brotherhood is Somko began seating his guests really cannot remain angry at headed by an Ataman. And they're him." ч "Who is this ргіпсезз you speak behind the long table. Shram and of, and where is she from?" always scrapping'with the mos- Cherevan he seated in the place "The only trouble, however," lems. And how they do scrap!.. , replied Shram, "is that such as ."Ask her'yourself, if yon want of honor—"pokutya," in the cen to know; I shall not dare to -take, When my comrade here 'Cborno ter, while be himself _sat down at he will, buy a man .with a laugh hor begins telling me about it, and sell him with a laugh." up the time of such a high per the head of the table, with Mrs. sonage as she." my very soul ris*es in happiness. Cherevan and Lesya on his side. "What is the .truth is the He, you know, has been here in The Zaporozhian, Kyrylo Tur, sat truth, father. According to their And with" these words Kyrylo Ukraine foi* quite some time, and * down at the other end, together- Sitch way of thinking, there is Tur glanced meaningly at Lesya. now is.longing to return to the with, his comrade, Cbornohor. hardly anything In this world that "There, there, you fool!" laugh Chorna-Hora, and he invited me bears any real value to them. ed Somko. "That's my fiancee." Much- to his discomfort, Petro to be his guest long ago. And-so, They're very philosophic, mur "That she is your fiancee trou why shouldn't a Kozak dance a found himself seated next to rain take them. They look.'out bles me not," replied the Zaporo ' beeya. ' little in, the outside world, why upon the world from a "barrel, not zhian, sighing. "What troubles me shouldn't he see how people who "Telf me Ataman," said Somko an empty one like the one which is that she has enchanted' me so speak a different language live?" turning to Kyrylo Tur, "what housed Diogenes, however, but much!" winds blew you here to Kiev." one filled with whiskey, into which Everyone laughed at this. Everybody listened in * silence, "The holy wind itself," replied they stick their head up to very "Bravo!'*' exclaimed Somko. wondering to what the Zaporo the Zaporozhian, "we were escort neck." J "The bear has at last become zhian was leading. ing' a candidate for renunciation entangled in a net. What now?" " 'Good, I said to my comrade, | "So you would like to know I'll go with you. Well show your . to the Mizhirsky Spaa monastery." why I am not with my friends ."What do you suppose? The now," the 'subject of their con bear will go into his den, pulling countrymen our Kozak valor; let ' "Well, why aren't you with your, the net after, him." it become known even there.' And crowd nowf «*^>5 versation interrupted them, having so I entered into this brother's "Just bide your time, sire Het- downed his drink. "Wen, here's "What do you mean by the pact with him, sharing with him man, and I shall tell you' the whole how it happened. You have prob den, the Sitch?" everything I have and he like story just as soon as I wet- my ably heard'Of the 'brotherly pact.' "Why the Sitch? Is the world wise with me; each, of us help-; Who hasn't! That is one of our no "larger than what you see whistle a little. And that takes 1 ing the other t the younger being a little time, for your drinking Sitch customs. No matter how through the window? *- servant fO the older, and the older cups are so small! Our drinking little a 'man may care for earth "What a Kozak you are, and a one being a father-to the younger. goblets down in the Sitch—ah! ly things, yet somehow he always Ataman at that, for tins sake of Everything was all in order, when they're made really for drinking! leans towards companionship; SO a woman ready to forsake your suddenly I ran across this prin- > іВя** In fact, you can just about drown if he hasn't a real brother, he comrades!'* cess. SO I says to my comrade: a Pole in one of them." £ looks about to adopt one. They "And why not? For such a 'Whether you like it or not, but- "It's the thwuth, bwother, it's make, -this 'brotherly pact' and princess it's worth 'forsaking not I shall not leave Ukraine without _jthe twuth!" spoke up Cherevan. live together thereafter like fish only comrades but the whole. this girl!'- To which he replied: "I always said thafonly down in with water. Well, that's what I world as well." 'And why not! Among us, if one . the Sitch do people know how to did. 'What do you say,' Choroo- "Well, where then would you takes a liking to some girll he • live-iike human beings. By God, hor,' I said one day to him, 'let's drag your net?" just seizes her and off to -the if ІС weren'B for • my wife and make a brother's pact.' He agreed. Kyrylo Tur laughed at this. priest he goes!'" *- - daughter, 1 would give up every And so we went to the monastery ."You would like, sire Hetman, thing I have ben and hie. myself and asked, the reverend-father to know everything, and all at (To be continued) to -the Zaporozhe!" there to read for us from the once too. Really, though, I'd Apostles, that we were born not rather not tell you everything, "H-m!" . said Tor, examining of the human body but of the nor lie to you." Cherevan's expansive figure. "It Holy Word; and thus we became "Because, as you're likely to THE SHOW BEGINS would take Лоте to drown you in brothers." say, you've never told a lie be Lights are dimmed in the huge hall one of our goblets." ••"And so what?" fore?" Somko said in a banter And music starts to flow Everybody laughed, especially - "Well, - what happened is what ing tone. From a distant corner, Cherevan, even though the jibe always hapens when a' man does "And I won't lie now either," Softly, sweet end low. • some good deed. Satan loses no was aimed at- his stoutness.. replied Kyrylo. "Now before I Voices, too, become hushed, \ "I like that Tur very much," time in placing in his way some talk some more give me first an kind of temptation. That's what he And the stage light .dhps; the Hetman remarked in a low other drink to wet my throat." - Silence reigns with breaths in voice to Shram. "Sometimes he did to me.' And in my case this Downing his drink, he glanced drawn — temptation-is a princess, and is And the show begins. does what he shouldn't do, yet, she a beauty!" around the guests, brushed back devil take him, he will laugh in his moustaches, and continued: /MARY SARABUN. No. 44 ^ЩВАІЩЙУ WEEKLY. SATURDAY OCTOBER ЗО, 1937 only a abort time before, but did and glow, the whole outward The Ukrainian Who Introduced Modern not follow the rules of Academic 'manner of living' of the ВЕАЩ •-ЯКІ painting. His proficiency as a MONDE Vat his "time, and at the j Painting Into Russia painter was so great, that in spite same time created a series of su The historians of modern paint Academy, another Ukrainian cul of this breach of rules, .he was perb specimens of painting, hardly ing in Russia always start it with tural center of those days, the madet for his portrait of A. Kqro- inferiQr.in. their technical perfec - a Ukrainian master. like of which Russia proper was kinov, a regular member of the tion to the best works of Western V « Russia began to feel- the need still lacking. The artistic level Academy. He further attested bis Schools. One* easily 'identifies Le of new painting sopn after her of the artists was high, much" scorn for the. current fashion by vy taky's work- in a mass of other first successes in her" imperialistic higher than the general esthetic devoting himself exclusively to the paintings by the totally peculiar advances towards her' neighbors, level of the local merchants, oc art of portrait painting, which was 'keenness' of the eyes of "the РЄОД Ukraine, Siberia, Latvia, Bsthonia, cupied with, the straggle against then considered a lower branch of sons presented, by their wholly^ White Russia. Growing conscious the ascendency of nobility, and of art, am.the adepts of which could distinct, slightly mocking smile, of her successes she called upon the cossaks officers, who were not be raised to the dignity of and finally,' by the celebrates artists to glorify her successes in despairing of the success of their professors. g-,jj^\. mastery "with. which, silks/ Цасез,'1 portraits » and historical pictures. v In his very first works, Levyt and jewels are'painted! .' straggles for independence, and were sky proved himself possessed of . His life went oh unevcntfullyutj— i; The old art, Byzantine" in charac applying their efforts to ' change themselves into Russian aristo a fully developed talent with tasks except that in 1776, he was the ' ter, was good to serve religious 1 highly set and far advanced tech- - councilor of. the , Academy, and\::T^ interests, but proved -inadequate cracy. These movements created v nique. In his portraits he tried traveled to Ukraine. In his later fc« ';tD express the feeling of national that stifling atmosphere which to solve a series of ^problems of- years his eyesight grew weak, and J self-consciousness. To carry out drove some of the finest Ukrain perspective. He paid .special at his portraits suffered ' in conse the program of self-advertising for' ian .artists away from their native tention to the rendering of light. quence. Hampered in his ana- I the new imperialistic class foreign Country. , ^TO£3 In some portraits, as in that of lysis of his sitters, he started toil] , artists were imported into Russia Dmytro Levytsky was born Korokinev, he strove for -топи- compensate for this drawback by , yjtxoxn Germany, Poland, and es about 1735. He soon learnt every-' mentality of appearance. In the emphasizing the accidental and pecially" Italy. Native Russian thing he could from' his father series of his portraits of "Smo- unessential. Hence ' these later . painters were slow to appear. It and from the foreign artists de- lankys," the girl-pupils of the portraits.of his -have less inward -_ seemed as if the race, і SO en -corating the local .churches. In, Smolny. Institute, he betrayed a- power, and more outward show* *a grossed In militaristic pursuits; \ the stormy sixties of the 18th rare power of observation. In The old intimateness steps aside, • felt unable to aspire to anything • century, when the Russian gov some portraits there is a breeze of to leave room- for a certain official*. L,^^ jn the field of artistic endeavor. ernment inaugurated another ag romanticism. ness. The. characters strain at af- It was at this moment that an gressive policy of і repression to \ fecting ceremonial' .pose's і, with :. artist arose, born in Ukraine, wards Ukraine, Dmytro .-Levytsky "Levytsky," і says Nicholas Voir broad- luxurious ' gestures; The then not completely subjugated by emigrated to St. Petersburg, the kov in his article on Russian por superficial. court life of Moscow •. the tsars, to break that sense of Russian capital, whereto he was trait painters of the age of Cath and St. Petersburg was corroding'' inferiority ah d to show the Sua- drawn by the fame of the many erine the Great ("The Connois the splid'and substantial qualities 'sians the way to independent ar- foreign artists working there and seur," January, 1929), "was un of the great artist. 'Ж«! 7 tist'6 лгеяUveness. «vy- where the Russian -government doubtedly the. greatest Russian '*.' This Ukrainian was Dmytro 7ae spending the tributes ш sub portrait painter of the. eighteenth Levytsky died at the age of 87, Levytsky. J jugated provinces' in purchasing centurj^olissji-] op April 4, 1822. He left behind a. He was a> native of Kiev, the works of arts with fhe feverish- Another Russian art critic, M. whole group of pupils, many of capital of Ukraine. -His father ness of panrenues. Here he stud Alexandre Benois writes in 'his whom became eternal, ornaments was a priest by vocation, and. an ied with Lagrene* and Giuseppe "Russian School , of Planting," to the history of Russian art, but etcher by' avocation, being con Valeriani, but he was not deeply' "Levytsky painted a great many" none of them surpassed the ac-. nected with Uje Kiev monastery, stirred by the influences of these of the prominent leaders of the complishments of another great "' Kievska* Lavra, famous for Its superficial artists. He was destined brilliant reign of ^Catherine, 'and Ukrainian..portrait painter, Vlady- printing establishments, the etch to be one of those pupils who soon he depicted them with perfectly" myr Borovykovsky, who shares ers of which were organized into surpass their masters. 2 convincing vividness. He succeed with Levytsky the glory of start an active guild. These etchers He soon joined the Russian Aca ed like no one else in Russia, in ing the modern painting in Russia worked also for the famous-Kiev demy, Which had- been organized expressing the characteristic tone free state of .Ukraina was so, im lar stipulations have existed else Treaties of Cossack Ukraine portant a precedent that the Mus where .without impairing the legal covite jurists have devoted all of standing of other nations.. China By BEDWIN &ANDS their ingenuity into revising it, has grown hardened to foreign \ (1) and at times falsifying its letter garrisons hi her capital, Nicara and the spirit under which it bad gua and Haiti have known them; Under g"-jjflip» Khmelnitsky been negotiated, first at the head the various British dominions .'"Divided before'the World War quarters of the fighting hetman, have grown into independence with •- between Austria-Hungary and This is not the place for a dis such garrisons and such* resident cussion as to the responsibility of at Percyeslav, then at Moscow. Russia, Ukrainians are now di - The treaty of 1654. set some-not advisers and even with govern*, vided among Russia, Poland, Bohdan and Yuriy Khmelnitsky in. bts permanently established. .- subsequent tragedies, but there is unusual limitations on the for :< Roumania and Czechoslovakia. eign policy of Ukraina by placing «^Ш| Its Flaw Tjj& "4 They nave been starved, moved a tale in that also. Under her Hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky, U- her international relations under Y The great flaw of the treaty - about, killed,. their religion, cul the Czar's control, and fixing-jan of 1654 was its lack of permanent ture and language dictated to kraina* (Mother Cossack) was back into a natural state within annual contribution to his treas legality. When Bohdan Khmel- them'. That is all the war did ury. . The internal autonomy was nltzky „died in 1657, ib ceased to . for them.' -*?- her national boundaries. That was in the year 1648. The Polish entire. The right . of"* legislation, be effective. Ivan Vyhovsky, the When her independence and rule was shaken off. The rela justice, army, finances, national new hetman, signed it in its political entity was recognized by tions with Turkey, the Tartars, economy, and all administration original form. With each new Moscow and Poland, Ukraine was Muscovy, і Transylvania, Poland, .remained absolute. hetman of Ukraina, the then but shown to the world for a and Lithuania had long been such The executive power was in the Czar of Muscovy must make a brief moment, to be thrown back that Ukraina, with her immense hands of the elected hetman. And new personal treaty, and vice almost immediately into a dark flat steppe, needed the, protection thuB Ukraina was free, as any versa. The new treaty contained ness to which she had now grown of 'at least one of them against state surrounded by powerful the basic.clauses of Khmelnitsky, only too well conditioned In a the others. Many leaders of the neighbors and protected by one.of and any such new clauses as were way, the diplomatic history of Cossack Sitch advocated retain suggested by either party and ac Ukraine resembled that of the ing a Polish alliance; several pre cepted by the other.. ;*£&& Greeks and Cherokees in 1794. ferred Turkey, hoping, with the Its Three Acts Vyhovsky was not to'the liking The right is with her people, as tetter's help, to' throw off the The treaty consisted of three of Moscow and a campaign of I it was with the Indians of Geor- economic lordship of the Polish Acts, the first being the proposal slander against him was begun in gia,''"jbut their very presence In a landowners. Bohdan Khmelnitsky ~oT the hetman and the Zaporogian Ukrainian circles; .disputed lai'd was a reproach to opened negotiations with'the Czar Cossacks. It was set down on The Czar's government attempt-sSL all parties. of Muscovy, as that country was February 17, 1654, offered to the ed to modify the treaty by limit- . It is a curious feature of her then known. Later, Muscovy be Czar' on March 14, and incor ing the authority of the hetman history that Ukraina was twice came known as Russia. If any porated in the Czar's manifesto, and the, democratic rights'of the on the Verge of full vindication, nation had a claim on the name and in 9 articles dated March? 27 Cossacks, appointing residents in freedom* -- and safety from her of Rusjky it was democratic U- of the •same year, two additional all the centers of Ukraina, and ,- neighbors. Napoleon had exten- kraina; her people gave it up on articles . containing the Czar's annexing certain localities which .sive reports prepared on her past ly after, the Muscovites assumed government's interpretation and had previously accepted the U- - international status, but at the •it. Notajsmall part of the con- answer. Despite this form, now* fc**-ffi»" rule. When various pre • •>*' test moment failed to use the -fusion' Ja.due to the words Russia considered unusual, the treaty is texts were alleged in delaying re cognition of his election, Vyhovsky information gathered for him,- A: and Russian, which the Muscovites an authentic, bilateral, document can point out were used by the between, two free parties, both of saw the signs, and when the "^(hundred years later, in-4B14, Ger- Czar's ambassadors added that ' many and Austria, after careful Ukrainians. They omit to add, how which made reservations clearly ever, that they themselves did not devised and clearly set forth.. "financial advice" must also be ac*. ly building up a following among ,cepted, he turned to the Poles • the Ukrainians of Eastern Galicia use them then. Ukrainians gave Foreign observers duly reported them up, rather than shared them. In 1658. The treaty of Hadlatch - and Bukovina, failed to take ad to their various governments on was negotiated on the basis of a vantage of their sympathies. In Bat they were, and remain, the the treaty between the Cossack^ s original Ruskyj. _iree federation of the.three na- v'bpth cases, the motive was the republic and' the autocratic Czar. tkmsV Polish. Ukrainian, and .^„sarne. Polish landowners got •» > Devised, as they saw: it, to help J Lithuanian. But the Czar's emis ^fbere first with their propaganda. Treaty of 1654 Muscovy destroy the Polish me saries were aware of what was.-' » ^ОГЙе following is an attempt at nace;, it was a form of alliance- going on, rod the free Cossacks <^uCK>wing the treaty ventures of a Czar Alexis treated the hetman protectorate. The hetman must were stirred into о posit ton. Het nation in an unfortunate geo as a sovereign. With him he сой* take the oath of allegiance, pay man Vyhovsky was repudiated and graphic ' position, rich enough in. eluded the" treaty' of 1654 at Mos annual tribute, and accept the • deposed according to Zaporo-hian "natural wealth to. excite cupidity cow. 'This first basic document presence of a'resident voievod with and too genuinely democratic to establishing the legal relations be a small garrison of Muscovite follow the right leaders. tween the autocratic Czar and the troops In Kiev, Us capital. Simi-. Ш Шк (Continued page 4) l- ч! UKRAINIAN' Y, SATURDAY, OCTOBER ЗО, Й37 No. 44 TREATIES OF COSSACK Ray of Sunshine Youth Congresses UYL-NA COMMITTEE UKRAINE By Ray Darner ч and Marriage... For Coordination (Continued Hum p. 3) . custom, a«d replaced by Yuriy, or of Leagues Yurko, Khrrielniieky, who ruled Неагуе! He&rye! Announcing а To t&e "Weekly Commentator": new column to the readers of the the republic from October, 1659 What you have written in your Ukrainian Weekly. this "RAY 'to'l663. interesting column regarding mar Since its inception in 1933, the of SUNSHINE" colamn' will be riage and our youth congress, is UYL-NA j has demonstrated its Garbled and Distorted devoted to variety subjects—sub what I admit is true in my case. tolerance for all types of groups, jects in which you readers are in Had it not been for the youth he they religious, political or mili Before recognizing the new terested in. Variety it will be— congresses, I would have probably taristic. Delegates from . such executive ruler of Ukraina, the variety in its fullest meaning. One been married today to a local groups have . not only e been ac Czar's government submitted for week this column may, interview girl. However, I am not and do ceptable to each Congress, but his approval and 'signature the a. Ukrainian young man or young not intend to marry for a few even welcome. treaty of 1654, known in Slav woman and give you the story more yqars because I always wait Although the League has avoid history as the Clauses of Bohdan of his or her fife; the ambitions, for the next congress in the hope ed taking part in any political Knmeinitsky. This treaty was of meeting a Ukrainian girl from issue, American or Ukrainian, or hopes, likes and dislikes of the garbled and distorted just enough somewhere who will win my fancy. any religious controversy, Cath to make it a different instrument individual. Another week this olic ' or Protestant, it has recog And as a result of the four although it was allegedly a true column may review books, com congresses which I have attended, nized that such groups exist, and ment on^current topics, and then I always meet so many new and has done all in its power to avoid copy. By a judicious blend of again the writer may go so far nice girls from oh, so many places, -friction with these groups that expunction and interpolation, an as to interview a Ukrainian moth that the possibilities of my mar comprise the UYL-NA. outwardly like instrument was ; er as to the best way to make rying a local girl becomes increas At the last Congress)' of- the produced and signature asked. "borsch." As time rolls on this ingly remote each year. UYL-NA, the delegates came to This tampering may have started column Will strive tt> give you the conclusion that the time is /' as nothing else but an act of You see, the Ukrainian girls all •propitious for something to be the most-a of the best-a. seem to be pretty and nice, and mental Independence on the part done about more concerted action of some obscure clerk' in the ""in accordance with the "writ I can't make up my mind which on the part of the various Youth f one to go after. I have a wide Czar's Chancer^: but it „"soon as ing of '"RAY of SUNSHINE" Leagues. The resolution ( was column the editor has wisely point variety as candidates. They all adopted unanimously," therefore it sumed proportions of conscious ed out that the Ukrainian Week- write to me and what they write represents the opinion of every forgery. To this fals$fed .text to me is equivalent to saying— type of Youth -Club in? North Yurko J