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Lithic Utilization Strategies at the Hoover Site, 16TA5, Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana Josetta A

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Lithic Utilization Strategies at the Hoover Site, 16TA5, Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana Josetta A Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School Fall 12-9-1999 Lithic Utilization Strategies at the Hoover Site, 16TA5, Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana Josetta A. LeBoeuf Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Part of the Anthropology Commons LITHIC UTILIZATION STRATEGIES AT THE HOOVER SITE, 16TA5, TANGIPAHOA PARISH, LOUISIANA A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Josetta A. LeBoeuf B.A., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1994 May 2000 MANUSCRIPT THESES Unpublished theses submitted for the Master’s and Doctor's Degrees and deposited in the Louisiana State University Libraries are available for inspection. Use of any thesis is limited by the rights of the author. Bibliographical references may be noted, but passages may not be copied unless the author has given permission. Credit must be given in subsequent written or published work. A library which borrows this thesis for use by its clientele is expected to make sure that the borrower is aware of the above restrictions. LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people and organizations were responsible tor the completion of this project. I would first like to thank my advisor. Dr. Rebecca Saunders, who provided both professional guidance and moral support during the analysis and writing of this thesis. The remaining members of my committee. Dr. Christopher Hays and Dr. Miles Richardson, should also receive recognition for their patience, thoughts, and comments on this research. Contributions were also made by Dale Hudler of the Texas Archaeological Research Laboratory. He performed valuabale use-wear analysis, which was funded by the LSU Museum of Natural Science. Thanks goes to both of these institutions for providing a means for analysis which could have otherwise not been conducted. The archaeologists at Coastal Environments, Inc., also provided encouragement and the practical education required to complete this project, especially Don Hunter. Thank you for being so patient in investing the time to introduce me to and guide me through the exciting field of lithic analysis. A very special thank you to Dr. Jon Gibson of the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Thank you for the inspiration and interest in archaeology that I will carry in my heart always as I continue in this field. I would last, but certainly not least, like to thank my family, including those that are not blood relatives, for their love and support. Special thanks is extended to my parents, who are responsible for the encouragement in pursuing higher education. Thanks also to Sonja Pitre, Willard Beeman, Juile Doucet, and Cherie Schwab, you have ii always been encouraging and respectful of my work and goals. An extra thanks to Cherie for providing the technical and artistic support for this thesis. Finally the bulk of my gratitude is reserved for my husband and friend. Zollie Guidry. I could never have completed this project without your love, patience, and support. For this I am eternally grateful. iii IL TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................... •' LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. « CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2: PHYSICAL AND CULTURAL SETTING......................................... 5 Physical Setting............................................................................................................... 5 Geomorphology.............................................................................................. 5 Natural Environment....................................................................................... Previous Research.............................................................................................. 10 Cultural Setting............................................................................................................ 16 Paleo-Indian Stage (ca. 12.000-6,000 B.C.).................................................... 16 Archaic Stage (7000-1000 B.C.)........................................................................ 20 Poverty Point Culture (ca. 1300-1050 B.C.).................................................... 24 Tchula Period (1000 B.C.-A.D. 1).................................................................... 28 Marksville Period (A.D. 1-400)...................................................................... 32 Baytown Period (A.D. 400-700).................................................................... 36 Coles Creek Period (A.D. 700-1200)............................................................. 38 Mississippi Period (A.D. 1200-1700)........................................................... 40 Historic Period................................................................................................ 43 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY........................................................................... 44 Field Methods............................................................................................................. 44 Analysis Units............................................................................................................ 52 Lithic Analysis............................................................................................................ 58 Collecting Source Materials......................................................................................... 61 Use-Wear Studies........................................................................................................ 64 Chapter Summary....................................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS OF LITHIC ANALYSIS................................................. 67 Tools..................................................................................................... 57 Points .............................................................................................................. 68 IV Perforators...................................................................................................... 78 Scrapers.......................................................................................................... 81 Gouges............................................................................................................ 83 Blades ............................................................................................................. 83 Plummets........................................................................................................ 85 Stone Vessel.................................................................................................... 86 Quartz Crystal............................................................................................... 86 Debitage....................................................................................................................... 87 Cobbles and Pebbles....................................................................................... 88 Cores ............................................................................................................. 89 Preforms.......................................................................................................... 89 Flakes ............................................................................................................. 92 Blocky Debitage............................................................................................. 95 Fire-Cracked Chert......................................................................................... 97 Unmodified Stone........................................................................................................ 98 Lithic Assemblages of the Archaeological Components............................................ 98 Analysis Unit 1............................................................................................... 98 Analysis Unit 2............................................................................................... 102 Analysis Unit 3............................................................................................... 106 Raw Material Source Investigations........................................................................... 107 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION, SUMMARY. AND CONCLUSIONS.................................................................... Raw Material Procurement......................................................................................... Primary Processing of Raw Materials......................................................................... 112 Reduction Strategies.................................................................................................... 113 Tool Use, Maintenance, and Discard.......................................................................... 115 Conclusions..................................................................................
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