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Personal Narrative of Travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a Residence in the Illinois Territory

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Personal Narrative of Travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a Residence in the Illinois Territory Library of Congress Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory FORDHAM'S PERSONAL NARRATIVE 1817–1818 PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF Travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a Residence in the Illinois Territory: 1817–1818 BY ELIAS PYM FORDHAM With facsimiles of the author's sketches and plans Edited by FREDERIC AUSTIN OGG, A. M. Author of “The Opening of the Mississippi” LC Cleveland The Arthur H. Clark Company 1906 F518 F72 LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two Copies Received APR 14 1906 Copyright Entry April 14 1606 CLASS a XXc.No. 143265 COPY B. COPYRIGHT, 1906, BY THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS Editor's Preface 11 Editor's Introduction 13 Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress Fordham's Personal Narrative: 1817–1818 Original Preface 41 I The ocean voyage—Ascent of the James—A Virginia landscape—Petersburg—The Virginia farmers—Voyage from Norfolk to Baltimore—The coasts of the Chesapeake 43 II Character of the Virginians—Unhealthful physical conditions—Baltimore— Communications between Baltimore and Pittsburg—The Marylanders—The Pennsylvanians—The East and West as fields for settlement 55 III Vices of the western Pennsylvanians—Slavery, and society in the slave states—The Climate of the United States 64 IV Methods of earlier writers on the West—Pittsburg—Industries of the vicinity—Flat- boats and keels on the Ohio—The start down the river—Neville's Island—Logstown— Beavertown—Wheeling—Fish Creek—A thunderstorm—Marietta—The Muskingham [Muskingum]—Blennerhassett's Island—Galliopagus [Gallipolis]—Portsmouth— Manchester—Maysville—Augusta—Arrival at Cincinnati 70 V Lack of time for writing—The trip across Indiana—Vincennes—The Indians of the neighborhood—Princeton—Prices of land 95 VI Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress The forests of Indiana—The Indiana Constitution—Character and prices of land— Emigration directed further west—Commercial importance of the Mississippi—Unhealthy conditions on the lower Mississippi—The Wabash—Description—of Princeton— Prospective visit to the Illinois Territory 100 6 VII Physical character of southern Illinois—The English Prairie—Three lines of communication with the Atlantic—Settlers in and about the English Prairies—Rates of freightage—Cost of travel—A tabular view of products—Fauna of the region—Salt deposits—Cost of building —Advantages of the backwoods settler—Profits of trade—Land the basis of wealth— The Mississippi river system—Slaves and bound persons—Classes of frontier settlers —Character of the backwoodsman—Democratic manners—Signs of progress—How to take up land—Eastern ignorance of the West—The climate—Size of the Illinois Territory— Opportunities for capital in Illinois—No prejudice against liberal-minded Englishmen 111 VIII A trip down the—Winter labors and amusements—Christmas—Legislation against duelling —A journey to Cincinnati—Lack of scenery—Difficulties of travel—A frontier judge— Fredericksburg—Albany—Louisville—Shelbyville—Cost of lodgings—Frankfort—The Kentuckians—Arrival at Cincinnati 136 IX A trip across the Wabash in search of land—A night in the woods—The people of Indiana —The Kentuckians 166 X Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress The Americanizing of emigrants—Attitude of Westerners toward Englishmen—Prospective peace with the southern Indians—Emigration to Missouri—Mr. Birkbeck's estate— Fordham's farm—Opportunities for men with capital—Respect for education and manners 170 XI The people of Virginia—The Kentuckians—The winning of Kentucky from the Indians— The work of Daniel Boone—Sensations experienced in the wilderness—Nature of Indian warfare—Cassidy's achievements—Manner of life of a wealthy Kentucky farmer—Society inchoate in the Illinois Country—The farming class—The hunters 176 XII Dimensions of the Ohio—Its scenery—Velocity of the current—La Salle on the Ohio— Early settlements in the West—Struggle of frontiersmen and Indians—Population of the western states—The growth of Cincinnati—Description of the city—Manners of the people —The negro population—Story of the negro Anthony—Character of the flatboatmen 183 7 XIII A record of temperatures—A hard winter—Life during the cold weather—The climate and health—Reasons for lack of longevity among the Westerners—A trip from Princeton to the English Prairie—The hiring of laborers—Entering more land—English manners to be preserved in Mr. Birkbeck's settlement—Possibility of an Indian war—The Rappites of Harmony—Their manners and character—Religious services 198 XIV Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress Rise of land values—The question of admitting slavery—Lack of free laborers—Wages and expenses of laborers—Land for every immigrant—Mr. Birkbeck's plan for the settlement of his English laborers—Difficulties of establishing a settlement—Threatened incursion of Indians—Kentucky hospitality—Mode of life of the Kentuckians 209 XV Mr. Birkbeck's book—A journal of ten days—A fourth of July celebration—The coming struggle over slavery in Illinois—Acts of Congress regarding Illinois—A projected trip up the Red River—Character of the backwoodsman—High regard for Englishmen—The life of the hunters on the Wabash—The hunters on the Missouri—Men needed to develop the wilderness 217 XVI Opportunities for English settlers in the West—Sacrifices and comforts of frontier life— Places of settlement recommended for various classes of English emigrants—Expenses of living—Servitude 226 XVII The prevalence of intermittent fevers—The climate of Illinois—Lung troubles almost unknown 230 XVIII The town of Albion planned—Continued surveying—The surrounding prairies—Prairie fires. Instructions for Emigrants: Capital required—Paying occupations—Clothing to be brought—Blankets a good investment—Travelling in the steerage—The journey from Philadelphia to Pittsburg—Down the Ohio to the Illinois Country 233 Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress Selected List Of Contemporary Travels 239 Index 243 ILLUSTRATIONS Plan of Pittsburg in 1817 73 Ohio River Flatboat and Keelboat 77 English Prairie 113 Sketch Map Of Fordham's Estate, English Prairie (text cut) 173 Plan Of Cincinnati In 1818 185 EDITOR'S PREFACE For information regarding the personal history of Elias Pym Fordham, author of the narrative herewith published, the Editor is indebted to Dr. Hubert de Laserre Spence, of Cleveland, Ohio, who has supplied not only a statement of his own knowledge of the enterprising young Englishman, but also a memorandum by his aunt, Sophia Worthington, and an interesting manuscript embodying the recollections of Mary Spence, his mother. The preparation of the notes has been facilitated to such a degree by recent volumes of Early Western Travels, 1748–1846, edited by Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites, that special acknowledgment of obligation ought to be made for use of material in the early volumes of travel made accessible in that valuable series. Full titles of the works chiefly referred to will be found in the list of contemporary travels at the end of this volume. It is hoped that the publication of the Fordham manuscript may be of service to students of Western history in general, and especially to those interested in the processes by which the composite population of the Mississippi Valley was built up in the great era of migration. Personal narrative of travels in Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky; and of a residence in the Illinois Territory http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.13072 Library of Congress F. A. O. Harvard University, January, 1906. EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION The years immediately following the close of the second war with Great Britain witnessed a remarkable increase in the population of the Mississippi Valley, particularly of the old Northwest Territory and the remoter regions of Missouri and Arkansas. Aside from the high birth-rate uniformly characteristic of American frontier communities, this increase was due to an unprecedented influx of settlers from two sources: the seaboard states and Europe, chiefly Great Britain and Germany. Prior to about 1815 emigration from the East to the West had been large in the aggregate, but very unsteady. The westward movement had been in the nature of successive waves separated by intervals of comparative inactivity. Three important epochs of migration since the establishment of national independence can be distinguished: (1) the years of uncertainty and distress between the end of the Revolution and the adoption of the Constitution; (2) the period including the “hard times” of 1800 and culminating in the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory in 1803; and (3) the era of commercial depression which began with the embargo of 1807 and continued until relieved by the succeeding war.
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