Introducción Al Estudio Del Derecho Romano 1
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Studies in History and Jurisprudence, Vol. 2 [1901]
The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Viscount James Bryce, Studies in History and Jurisprudence, vol. 2 [1901] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. -
Hadrian and the Greek East
HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way. -
The Law of Citations and Seriatim Opinions: Were the Ancient Romans and the Early Supreme Court on the Right Track?
The Law of Citations and Seriatim Opinions: Were the Ancient Romans and the Early Supreme Court on the Right Track? JOSHUA M. AUSTIN* I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 19 II. THE LAW OF CITATIONS ....................................................................... 21 A. A HISTORICAL LOOK AT THE LAW OF CITATIONS ........................... 21 B. THE FIVE JURISTS............................................................................ 24 1. Gaius................................................................................. 24 2. Modestinus........................................................................ 24 3. Papinian............................................................................ 25 4. Paul................................................................................... 25 5. Ulpian ............................................................................... 26 III. SERIATIM OPINIONS.............................................................................. 26 A. THE EARLY SUPREME COURT AND SERIATIM OPINIONS ................. 26 B. THE END OF SERIATIM OPINIONS .................................................... 27 IV. ENGLAND AND THE CONTINUED PRACTICE OF SEPARATE OPINIONS .. 29 V. CHIEF JUSTICE ROBERTS AND HIS THOUGHTS ON MULTIPLE OPINIONS .............................................................................................. 30 VI. THE IMPORTANCE OF ADDITIONAL RATIONALES ................................ 32 A. EXAMPLES OF IMPORTANT -
Law and Empire in Late Antiquity
job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:3 colour:0 Law and Empire in Late Antiquity Jill Harries job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:4 colour:0 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, USA http://www.cup.org © Jill D. Harries 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Plantin 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Harries, Jill. Law and empire in late antiquity / Jill Harries. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 41087 8 (hardback) 1. Justice, Administration of – Rome. 2. Public law (Roman law) i. Title. KJA2700.H37 1998 347.45'632 –dc21 97-47492 CIP ISBN 0 521 41087 8 hardback job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:5 colour:0 Contents Preface page vii Introduction 1 1 The law of Late Antiquity 6 Confusion and ambiguities? The legal heritage 8 Hadrian and the jurists 14 Constitutions: the emperor and the law 19 Rescripts as law 26 Custom and desuetude 31 2 Making the law 36 In consistory -
Anglo-Saxon Constitutional History
Outline 9/15/2020 ROMAN LAW PROCEDURE OUTLINE (cont’d); SOURCES OF LAW OUTLINE I. Procedure: The Formula as a Device for Expanding the Law 1. The basic idea of a formula, using the formula for the actio certae creditae pecuniae, the action for a money debt of a fixed amount: “Let Octavius be judge (Octavius iudex esto).” This clause is called the ‘nomination’ (nominatio). “If it appears that N.N. [the Roman equivalent of our ‘D(efendant)’] ought to give 10,000 sesterces [a Roman coin and unit of account, close to $10,000 worth of silver in modern values] to A.A. [the Roman equivalent of our ‘P(laintiff)’] (Si paret Numerium Negidium [NmNm] Aulo Agerio [A°A°] HS X milia dare opportere).” This clause is called the ‘claim’ (intentio). “Let the judge condemn N.N. [to pay] A.A. 10,000 sesterces; if it does not appear let him absolve (Iudex NmNm A°A° HS X milia condemnato; si non paret absolvito).” This clause is called the ‘condemnation’ (condemnatio). The possible formulae were not without limit. They had to be contained in the edict of the praetor, which he announced when he took office. Each praetor’s edict tended to follow that of previous praetors, and the edict developed over time. Its contents were finally fixed in the reign of Hadrian, probably in 131 AD, when it became known as the ‘perpetual edict’. 2. The formula as a mechanism for legal development. Expanding by pleading, once more the actio certae creditae pecuniae: “Let Octavius be judge (Octavius iudex esto) [Nomination (nominatio)]. -
Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 79 (1989) 181–187 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt Gmbh, Bonn
RONALD SYME A LOST LEGATE OF AQUITANIA aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 79 (1989) 181–187 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 181 A LOST LEGATE OF AQUITANIA. I. Revision of a familiar text often has wide repercus- sions. By paradox it may even cause a fact to be extruded and passed over by scholars in the sequel. Such has been the fate in the recent time of Salvius Valens, a governor of Aquitania who in the Digest receives a rescript from Antoninus Pius (48.7.2.2) and who stood as PIR1 S 116. His name occurred as the second (following Vindius Ve- rus) in the list of jurists favoured by Pius, according to the text in the Historia Augusta (12.1). For centuries it abode without question until 1870, when Mommsen saw that something was out of order: the great Julian omitted, P. Salvius lulianus (cos. 148).1) Error was patent, and so was the remedy. Author or copyist had amalgamated two ju-rists, Salvius Julianus and Aburnius Valens. The latter, registered by the Digest as successor to Javolenus Priscus in leadership of the Sabinian School, benefits from epigraphic testimony to nomenclature and early career, being L. Fulvius C.f. Pup. Aburnius Valens, quaestor to Hadrian about the year 125.2) * * * II. Forfeiting a place among the counsellors of an empe- ror, Salvius Valens the legate of Aquitania has suffered occlusion. He could not secure admission to two recent ca- __________ 1) Duly cited by Dessau in PIR1 S 116. 2) On Aburnius (registered as PIR2 F 526), who has failed to attract much attention, see 'The Jurists Approved by Antoninus Pius', forthcoming. -
From the Law of Citations to Justinian's Digest1)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Lecture From the Law of Citations to Justinian’s Digest1) David Pugsley* Introduction Since 1989 I have been working on and off on Justinianʼs Digest and I have published a series of articles about it. The earlier ones have been collected in three small volumes under the title Justini- anʼs Digest and the Compilers, vol. I (1995), vol. II (2000), vol. III (2007). There are another eight articles published or in course of publication. This paper is an attempt at a chronological synthesis, as far as possible without getting lost in the details of the sources and alternative theories. The Law of Citations Do you think that there are too many law books: too many books to buy and pay for; too many books to read; too many books to keep in your library? * Professor, International Faculty of Comparative law of Strasbourg 1) This is a revised version of a paper presented in Tokyo and Nagoya in Novem- ber 2016 . I am grateful to Professor Tsuno for his invitation, and to my Japanese colleagues for the stimulating debate on both occasions. 1 COMPARATIVE LAW REVIEW〔Vol. LI-2, 2017〕 They thought that there were too many law books in the fifth century in Rome and Constantinople. That was the problem be- fore the Law of Citations provided a solution in 426/438.2) The constitution gave primary authority to Papinian, Paul, Gaius, Ulpi- an and Modestinus, and secondary authority to those whose works were quoted by them, such as Scaevola, Sabin us, Julian and Marcellus. -
Readings – Week 3
Readings – Week 3 Anonymous, Epitome de caesaribus (Epitome of the Caesars), 16.1-20.10 [Epit. Caes. 16.1– 20.10] 16. Marcus Aurelius Antonius ruled eighteen years. 2. He showed himself to possess all virtues and a celestial character, and was thrust before public calamities like a defender. For indeed, if he had not been born to those times, surely, as if with one fall, all of the Roman state would have collapsed. 3. Since there was never rest from arms, and wars were raging through all Oriens, Il- lyricum, Italy, and Gallia, and there were earthquakes not without the destruction of cities, inun- dations of rivers, numerous plagues, species of locusts which infested fields, there is almost nothing by which mortals are accustomed to be vexed with the most serious difficulties that is able to be described which did not rage while he was ruling. 4. I believe that it has been be- stowed by divine providence that, when the law of the universe or nature produces or something else unknown to men, they are appeased by the counsels of honest men as by the remedies of medicine. 5. With a new kind of benevolence, he admitted his own relative, Lucius Annius Verus, to a share of power. This is the Verus who, while journeying between Altinum and Concordia, died, in the eleventh year of power, as a result of a surge of blood, a disorder which the Greeks call apoplexy. 6. He was a poet, mostly of tragedies, studious, of a rugged and lascivious character. 7. After Lucius’ demise, Marcus Antoninus controlled the state alone. -
Modernising the Law of Murder and Manslaughter: Part 1
Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 8, No. 4; 2015 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Modernising the Law of Murder and Manslaughter: Part 1 Graham McBain1,2 1 Peterhouse, Cambridge, UK 2 Harvard Law School, USA Correspondence: Graham McBain, 21 Millmead Terrace, Guildford, Surrey GU2 4AT, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 17, 2015 Accepted: November 2, 2015 Online Published: November 19, 2015 doi:10.5539/jpl.v8n4p9 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v8n4p9 Index 1. Introduction 31. Hawkins (1716-21) 2. Source Material 32. Blackstone (1765-9) 3. Legal Issues not Considered 33. Summary: Law to 1769 4. Meaning of Words 34. Foster (1776) 5. Benefit of Hindsight 35. East (1803) 6. Babylonian Code 36. Russell (1819) 7. Old Testament law 37. From 1819-1843 8. Roman law 38. Royal Commissions (1843-78) 9. Anglo-Saxon law 39. Stephen (1883) 10. Laws of Henry I (c.1113) 40. Kenny (1902) 11. Glanvill (c.1189) 41. Summary: Law to 1902 12. Summary: Law to 1189 42. Turner (1945) 13. Bracton (c.1240) 43. Royal Commission (1953) & Homicide Act 1957 14. Statute of Marlborough 1267 44. Smith & Hogan (1965) 15. Statute of Gloucester 1278 45. Criminal Law Revision Committee (1980) 16. Britton, Fleta & Mirror of Justices (c.1290) 46. Williams (1983) 17. Statute of Trespassers in Parks 1293 47. Law Commission Criminal Code (1989) 18. Edward III (1327-1377) 48. Carter & Harrison (1991) 19. Act of 1389 on Pardons 49. Justifiable Killing by 1998 20. From 1389-1551 50. -
Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: the Louisiana Experience John H
Louisiana Law Review Volume 25 | Number 3 April 1965 Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: The Louisiana Experience John H. Tucker jr. Repository Citation John H. Tucker jr., Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: The Louisiana Experience, 25 La. L. Rev. (1965) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol25/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRADITION AND TECHNIQUE OF CODIFICATION IN THE MODERN WORLD: THE LOUISIANA EXPE- RIENCE* John H. Tucker, jr.** It has now been 160 years since France adopted its Civil Code, and thereby started a movement for the codification of civil law throughout the world. But in that lapse of time there have been cataclysmic changes in the social, political, economic, and physical circumstances of life which necessitate an exami- nation of the laws by which we live in order to find out whether they are adequate and proper in this fantastic space age which characterizes the modern world. Within the past decade, new nations have been swept into existence on a wave of anti-colonialism. Many of them need to have a complete redaction of their private as well as their pub- lic laws after it has been determined objectively to what extent, if any, the laws of the colonizing sovereignties have affected or supplanted local laws. -
The Role of Images and Artworks in Everyday Roman Life As Reflected
The Role of Images and Artworks in Everyday Roman Life as Reflected in the Sources of Roman Law Richard Gamauf Introduction Classical Roman law (from the late first cent. BCE to the third cent. CE) had few rules that applied on images or other artworks as such: The artistic value of a painting became a ratio decidendi at times during the long discussions about the tabula picta; a particular legal regime was developed for imperial images and statues which consequently turned them into places of asylum. In addition to these special cases various kinds of artefacts appear in legal texts. However, most discussions are related to images or art only by the accidental facts of the individual cases decided and documented by Roman jurists. For the concrete solutions the artistic character of an object as such was marginal. The number of texts involving artworks of all kinds is quite substantial; their legal problems come from almost all areas of Roman private law. Therefore their special historical value mostly lies in the many scattered factual details they preserve: They contain pieces of information on the place of artworks in Roman life, the art market, the producers of art, etc., of which only a few selected examples can be presented in this context.1 1 On art in Roman legal sources see VISKY 1971, LUCREZI 1984, HORAK 1987, WILLVONSEDER 2006, and PLISECKA 2011; on its social dimensions see, e.g., CLARKE 2004 and STEWART 2008. 1 Powers of images A text by late second/early third century jurist Paulus conserves an interesting reflection about the nature and purposes of portraits (imagines), occasioned by a strange case:2 A person’s remains had been buried in two places on estates of different owners. -
Roman Law and Reception by Lorena Atzeri
Roman Law and Reception by Lorena Atzeri This contribution offers an overview of the origin, development and persistence of Roman law from its origins in the 8th century BC to the 19th century AD. Roman law and its sources, above all the Justinianic Codification – the so called Corpus Iuris Civilis – have left an indelible imprint on the development of law in Europe and laid the foundation of many European legal systems. The role of Roman law within the legal science in the Middle Ages and the modern period will therefore also be treated here. Moreover, this article will discuss the fundamental relationship between Roman and Canon law and the reception of Roman law in many countries in Europe. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Periodisation 2. Public Law and Private Law 3. Legal Sources in the Republican Period 1. Lex and mos 2. The Law of the Twelve Tables 3. Jurisprudence and its Origins 4. The Stratification of the Legal System: Magisterial Law 4. Roman Legal Science 1. The End of a Legal Monopoly 2. The Formation of a Secular Jurisprudence 3. Jurists during the Imperial Period 5. Imperial Laws and their Collections 1. Codex Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus 2. Codex Theodosianus 3. Post-Theodosian Novels 4. The Leges barbarorum 5. Lex Romana Visigothorum or Breviarium Alarici 6. Lex Romana Burgundionum 7. Edictum Theoderici 6. The Corpus Iuris Civilis of Emperor Justinian I 1. First Codex 2. Digest 3. Institutes 4. Second Codex (or Codex Repetitae Praelectionis) 5. Novels 7. The Validity and Range of Influence of the Justinian Compilation 8.