DOCSLIB.ORG

Hofjuristen Der Römischen Kaiser Bis Justinian

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Hofjuristen Der Römischen Kaiser Bis Justinian BAYERISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE · JAHRGANG 2010, HEFT 2 Revision DETLEF LIEBS Hofjuristen der römischen Kaiser bis Justinian Vorgetragen in der Sitzung vom 14. November 2008 MÜNCHEN 2010 VERLAG DER BAYERISCHEN AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN IN KOMMISSION BEIM VERLAG C. H. BECK MÜNCHEN ISSN 0342-5991 ISBN 978 3 7696 1654 5 © Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften München, 2010 Gesamtherstellung: Druckerei C. H. Beck Nördlingen Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier (hergestellt aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff) Printed in Germany Inhalt 3 Revision Inhalt Inhalt INHALT Einleitung ................................................................................ 5 Erstes Kapitel: Die einzelnen Juristen der verschiedenen Kaiser 1. Cäsar (49–44 v. Chr.) .................................................... 15 2. Augustus (44 v. – 14 n. Chr.) ........................................ 18 3. Tiberius (14–37 n. Chr.) ............................................... 22 4. Caligula (37–41), Claudius (41–54) und Nero (54–68) .. 24 5. Vespasian (69–79) .......................................................... 25 6. Domitian (81–96) ......................................................... 27 7. Trajan (98–117) ............................................................ 30 8. Hadrian (117–138) ........................................................ 33 9. Antoninus Pius (138–161) ............................................. 40 10. Mark Aurel (161–180) .................................................. 43 11. Commodus (180–192) .................................................. 49 12. Septimius Severus (193–211) ......................................... 51 13. Caracalla (198/211–217) ............................................... 59 14. Elagabal (218–222) ........................................................ 66 15. Alexander Severus (222–235) ........................................ 68 16. Gordian I. und Gordian II. (April? 238) ......................... 75 17. Pupienus und Balbinus (Mai – August? 238) .................. 75 18. Gordian III. (238–244) .................................................. 76 19. Philippus Arabs (244–249), Decius (249–251) und Tre- bonianus Gallus (251–253) ............................................ 78 20. Valerian (253–260) ........................................................ 78 21. Galliën (253–268) ......................................................... 79 22. Carus (282–283) und Numerian (283–284, Osten) ........ 79 23. Carinus (283–285, Westen) ........................................... 80 24. Diokletian (284/285–305), Maximian (286–305, Wes- ten) und Galerius (293/305–311, Osten) ....................... 81 25. Konstantius Chlorus (293/305–306, Westen) ................. 88 26. Licinius (308–324, Osten) ............................................. 90 4 Inhalt 27. Konstantin (306/312–337) ............................................ 91 28. Konstantin II. (337–340, Westen) .................................. 95 29. Konstans (337–350, Westen) ......................................... 96 30. Konstantius II. (337–361) .............................................. 98 31. Valens (364–378, Osten) ............................................... 102 32. Theodosius (379–395) .................................................. 103 33. Valentinian II. (375/383–392, Westen) .......................... 106 34. Arcadius (383/395–408, Osten) .................................... 107 35. Honorius (393/395–423, Westen) ................................. 108 36. Theodosius II. (408–450, Osten) ................................... 112 37. Valentinian III. (425–455, Westen) ................................ 125 38. Anastasius (491–518, Osten) .......................................... 130 39. Justin (518–527, Osten) ................................................ 130 40. Justinian (527–565) ....................................................... 134 Zweites Kapitel: Institutionen 1. Das kaiserliche consilium beziehungsweise consistorium 153 2. Die kaiserliche Libellkanzlei .......................................... 165 3. Die kaiserliche Quästur ................................................. 168 Drittes Kapitel: Auswertung 1. Juristen in fachspezifischen Hofämtern .......................... 171 2. Diskussionen mit dem Kaiser ........................................ 176 3. Kaiserpersönlichkeiten .................................................. 182 4. Juristentypen ................................................................. 186 Schlussbemerkung .................................................................. 195 Literatur ................................................................................. 197 Abkürzungen ......................................................................... 201 Personen ................................................................................ 203 Sachen ................................................................................... 207 Quellen ................................................................................. 209 Inhalt Einleitung 5 Einleitung Einleitung EINLEITUNG Das römische Reich der Kaiserzeit war rund 50 v. bis 250 n. Chr. Schauplatz der klassischen römischen Jurisprudenz, insbesondere der klassischen Rechtsliteratur. Nach 250 sind den Schriften der Klassiker ebenbürtige Werke jedenfalls aus der Überlieferung ver- schwunden, nach herrschender Meinung auch gar nicht mehr ver- fasst und publiziert worden. Doch endete das juristische Spezialis- tentum, eine besondere Kulturleistung der Römer, die von den Zeitgenossen unabhängig von ihrem Niederschlag in Literatur wahrgenommen, genutzt und geschätzt wurde,1 keineswegs in den Wirren des 3. Jahrhunderts; 2 vielmehr lebte das Fachwissen im Recht zumindest bis Justinian, der 565 n. Chr. starb, mächtig fort, mit mehr Vertretern als zuvor. Bei Gesetzgebung, Rechtsprechung und Verwaltung spielten sie weiterhin keine geringe Rolle, wie sich auch im Laufe dieser Untersuchung zeigen wird. Auch Privat- leuten standen sie nach wie vor zur Verfügung. Sogar Rechtslite- ratur brachte auch die Spätantike hervor, in bescheidenem Um- fang nachweislich noch um 300;3 aus der Zeit seit Konstantin sind allerdings nur mehr anspruchslose Pseudepigrapha und esoterische ______________________________________________________________________ 1 Liebs, Nichtliterarische 123-98, bes. 123-6. 2 Die moderne Sekundärliteratur lässt diesen Eindruck mitunter aufkommen, s. etwa Th. Kipp, Geschichte der Quellen des römischen Rechts (Leipzig 4 1919) 144 f.; B. Kübler, Geschichte des Römischen Rechts (Leipzig 1925) 2 375 f.; M. Kaser, Römische Rechtsgeschichte (Göttingen 1967) 217 f.; W. Kun- kel, Römische Rechtsgeschichte (Köln 51968) 137-45; U. Manthe, Geschichte 2 des römischen Rechts (München 2003) 107 f. u. 109 f.; u. W. Waldstein u. 10 J. M. Rainer, Römische Rechtsgeschichte (München 2005) 209 f. u. 230 f. Differenzierter B. H. Stolte, A crisis of jurisprudence? The end of legal writing in the classical tradition, in: O. Hekster u. a. (Hgg.), Crises and the Roman Empire. Proceedings of the seventh workshop of the international network Impact of Empire Nijmegen 2006 (Leiden 2007) 355-66. 3 Zusammengefasst bei D. Liebs, Recht und Rechtsliteratur, in: R. Herzog (Hg.), HLL V: Restauration und Erneuerung. Die lateinische Literatur von 284 bis 374 n. Chr. (München 1989) 55-73, §§ 502-10. 6 Einleitung Rechtsliteratur erhalten,4 die an sich nicht zur Veröffentlichung bestimmt war. Ausschließen lässt sich aber nicht, dass es auch wei- terhin Autoren gab, die Rechtsliteratur publizierten.5 Allerdings kann man sich fragen, ob im römischen Kaiserreich auch tatsächlich rechtliche Zustände herrschten und ob man sich, von den geläufigen Ausnahmen in der Zentrale unter tyrannischen Herrschern abgesehen,6 einigermaßen darauf verlassen konnte, von den Behörden und Gerichten, insbesondere vom Kaiser als obers- ter Behörde und höchstem Gericht nicht willkürlich behandelt zu werden; mit anderen Worten in welchem Maße die Machthaber sich beim Judizieren und bei ihren Verwaltungsakten an das zu ih- rer Zeit geltende Recht und die damaligen Gesetze hielten,7 anders ______________________________________________________________________ 4 Überblick über die spätantiken, oft nur ungefähr datierbaren Pseudepigrapha bei Liebs, Recht und Rechtsliteratur (s. soeben) 65-69 u. 71, §§ 507, 508.2 u. 509.1; und über die esoterische Literatur bei D. Liebs, Esoterische römische Rechtsliteratur vor Justinian, in: R. Lieberwirth u. H. Lück (Hgg.), Akten des 36. Deutschen Rechtshistorikertages Halle 2006 (Baden-Baden 2008) 40-79, jetzt auch www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/6843. Außer den hier be- handelten Texten wäre auch der griechische von P. Ant. 153 aus dem frühen 6. Jahrhundert zu nennen, dessen zerrütteter Zustand allerdings keine klaren Aussagen erlaubt. 5 Allzu radikal verneint von Wieacker, Römische Rechtsgeschichte II 227-29; J. Ruggiero, in: Studi in onore di R. Martini III (Mailand 2009) 432, spricht von einer „brutta interruzione conosciuta dalle vicende della letteratura giu- risprudenziale a partire dal 240 d.C. circa“. Daran zweifeln lassen Worte Justin- ians. In seinem Auftrag, die Digesten herzustellen, D. const. Deo auctore = CJ 1, 17, 1 vom 15. Dez. 530, sagt er (§ 4 S. 2), dass es Rechtsliteratur gab, die nicht anerkannt war: . et alii libros ad ius pertinentes scripserunt, quorum scripturae a nullis auctoribus receptae nec usitatae sunt. Die Autoren, womit die vom Kaiser
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hadrian and the Greek East
    HADRIAN AND THE GREEK EAST: IMPERIAL POLICY AND COMMUNICATION DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Demetrios Kritsotakis, B.A, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2008 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Fritz Graf, Adviser Professor Tom Hawkins ____________________________ Professor Anthony Kaldellis Adviser Greek and Latin Graduate Program Copyright by Demetrios Kritsotakis 2008 ABSTRACT The Roman Emperor Hadrian pursued a policy of unification of the vast Empire. After his accession, he abandoned the expansionist policy of his predecessor Trajan and focused on securing the frontiers of the empire and on maintaining its stability. Of the utmost importance was the further integration and participation in his program of the peoples of the Greek East, especially of the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Hadrian now invited them to become active members of the empire. By his lengthy travels and benefactions to the people of the region and by the creation of the Panhellenion, Hadrian attempted to create a second center of the Empire. Rome, in the West, was the first center; now a second one, in the East, would draw together the Greek people on both sides of the Aegean Sea. Thus he could accelerate the unification of the empire by focusing on its two most important elements, Romans and Greeks. Hadrian channeled his intentions in a number of ways, including the use of specific iconographical types on the coinage of his reign and religious language and themes in his interactions with the Greeks. In both cases it becomes evident that the Greeks not only understood his messages, but they also reacted in a positive way.
    [Show full text]
  • Römisches Recht Und Rezeption Von Lorena Atzeri
    Römisches Recht und Rezeption von Lorena Atzeri Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über den Ursprung, die Entwicklung und den Fortbestand des römischen Rechts von seinen Anfängen im 8. Jahrhundert v. Chr. bis ins 19. Jahrhundert. Das römische Recht und seine Quellen, vor allem die justinianische Kodifikation – das sogenannte Corpus Iuris Civilis –, haben die Rechtsentwicklung in Europa entscheidend geprägt und bildeten die Grundlage für viele europäische Rechtsordnungen. Untersucht wird daher auch die Rolle des römischen Rechts in der mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Rechtswissenschaft. Zudem stellt dieser Beitrag die wechselseitige Beziehung des römischen mit dem kanonischen Recht und die Rezeption in vielen Ländern Europas vor. INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung und Periodisierung 2. Öffentliches Recht und Privatrecht 3. Rechtsquellen in der Republik 1. Lex und mos 2. Das Zwölftafelgesetz 3. Die Jurisprudenz und ihre Ursprünge 4. Die Vielschichtigkeit der Rechtsordnung: Das Honorarrecht 4. Die römische Rechtswissenschaft 1. Ende eines Rechtsmonopols 2. Entstehung einer säkularen Jurisprudenz 3. Die Juristen in der Kaiserzeit 5. Kaisergesetze und ihre Sammlungen 1. Codex Gregorianus und Codex Hermogenianus 2. Codex Theodosianus 3. Posttheodosianische Novellen 4. Die Leges barbarorum 5. Lex Romana Visigothorum oder Breviarium Alarici 6. Lex Romana Burgundionum 7. Edictum Theoderici 6. Das Corpus Iuris Civilis Kaiser Justinians I. 1. Erster Codex 2. Digesten 3. Institutiones 4. Zweiter Codex (oder Codex Repetitae Praelectionis) 5. Novellen 7. Geltungskraft und Reichweite der Justinianischen Kompilation 8. Das römische Recht im Mittelalter 1. Die Wiederentdeckung der Digesten 2. Die Schule von Bologna: Die Glossatoren 3. Die Kommentatoren 4. Römisches Recht und kanonisches Recht 9. Das römische Recht in der Neuzeit 1. Der Einfluss des Humanismus: Mos italicus und mos gallicus 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Actio Funeraria
    Oliver Unger Actio Funeraria Oliver Unger Actio Funeraria Prinzip und Fall der verbotswidrigen Geschäftsführung ohne Auftrag Mohr Siebeck Oliver Unger, geboren 1985; Studium der Rechtswissenschaft in Freiburg, Oxford und Har- vard (LL.M.); Referendariat am Hanseatischen Oberlandesgericht Hamburg; Wissenschaftli- cher Assistent am Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht in Hamburg; seit 2018 Referent im Bundesministerium der Justiz und für Verbraucherschutz. ISBN 978-3-16-155356-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-156187-0 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-156187-0 Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen National- bibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2018 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohrsiebeck.com Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für die Verbreitung, Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Das Buch wurde von Gulde Druck in Tübingen auf alterungsbeständiges Werkdruck­­papier gedruckt und gebunden. Printed in Germany. Vorwort Vorwort Vorwort Diese Arbeit wurde von der Bucerius Law School im Herbst 2016 als Disserta- tion angenommen. Die mündliche Prüfung fand am 12. Oktober 2016 statt. Entstanden ist die Arbeit während meiner Zeit als wissenschaftlicher Assistent am Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht in Hamburg. Im Zeitschriftenzimmer des Instituts bin ich erstmals auf die actio funeraria gestoßen, die Magazine der Bibliothek haben sich als reichhaltiger Fundus erwiesen, von den vielen Gesprächen in den Zimmern, zwischen den Türen und auf den Terrassen des Instituts habe ich immens profitiert. Mein besonderer Dank gilt meinem Doktorvater Herrn Professor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • A Methodical System of Universal Law: Or, the Laws of Nature and Nations
    Edinburgh Research Explorer A Methodical System of Universal Law: Or, the Laws of Nature and Nations Citation for published version: Ahnert, T & Schroder, P (eds) 2008, A Methodical System of Universal Law: Or, the Laws of Nature and Nations: With Supplements and a Discourse by George Turnbull. Liberty Fund Inc. <http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=2305> Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publisher Rights Statement: © Ahnert, T., & Schroder, P. (2008). A Methodical System of Universal Law: Or, the Laws of Nature and Nations: With Supplements and a Discourse by George Turnbull (Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics) (Natural Law Cloth): Introduction and commentary. Liberty Fund Inc. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 a methodical system of universal law: or,
    [Show full text]
  • Law and Empire in Late Antiquity
    job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:3 colour:0 Law and Empire in Late Antiquity Jill Harries job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:4 colour:0 published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge cb2 1rp, United Kingdom cambridge university press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, USA http://www.cup.org © Jill D. Harries 1999 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1999 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Plantin 10/12pt [vn] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Harries, Jill. Law and empire in late antiquity / Jill Harries. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 41087 8 (hardback) 1. Justice, Administration of – Rome. 2. Public law (Roman law) i. Title. KJA2700.H37 1998 347.45'632 –dc21 97-47492 CIP ISBN 0 521 41087 8 hardback job:LAY00 17-10-1998 page:5 colour:0 Contents Preface page vii Introduction 1 1 The law of Late Antiquity 6 Confusion and ambiguities? The legal heritage 8 Hadrian and the jurists 14 Constitutions: the emperor and the law 19 Rescripts as law 26 Custom and desuetude 31 2 Making the law 36 In consistory
    [Show full text]
  • Anglo-Saxon Constitutional History
    Outline 9/15/2020 ROMAN LAW PROCEDURE OUTLINE (cont’d); SOURCES OF LAW OUTLINE I. Procedure: The Formula as a Device for Expanding the Law 1. The basic idea of a formula, using the formula for the actio certae creditae pecuniae, the action for a money debt of a fixed amount: “Let Octavius be judge (Octavius iudex esto).” This clause is called the ‘nomination’ (nominatio). “If it appears that N.N. [the Roman equivalent of our ‘D(efendant)’] ought to give 10,000 sesterces [a Roman coin and unit of account, close to $10,000 worth of silver in modern values] to A.A. [the Roman equivalent of our ‘P(laintiff)’] (Si paret Numerium Negidium [NmNm] Aulo Agerio [A°A°] HS X milia dare opportere).” This clause is called the ‘claim’ (intentio). “Let the judge condemn N.N. [to pay] A.A. 10,000 sesterces; if it does not appear let him absolve (Iudex NmNm A°A° HS X milia condemnato; si non paret absolvito).” This clause is called the ‘condemnation’ (condemnatio). The possible formulae were not without limit. They had to be contained in the edict of the praetor, which he announced when he took office. Each praetor’s edict tended to follow that of previous praetors, and the edict developed over time. Its contents were finally fixed in the reign of Hadrian, probably in 131 AD, when it became known as the ‘perpetual edict’. 2. The formula as a mechanism for legal development. Expanding by pleading, once more the actio certae creditae pecuniae: “Let Octavius be judge (Octavius iudex esto) [Nomination (nominatio)].
    [Show full text]
  • Aus: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 79 (1989) 181–187 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt Gmbh, Bonn
    RONALD SYME A LOST LEGATE OF AQUITANIA aus: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 79 (1989) 181–187 © Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn 181 A LOST LEGATE OF AQUITANIA. I. Revision of a familiar text often has wide repercus- sions. By paradox it may even cause a fact to be extruded and passed over by scholars in the sequel. Such has been the fate in the recent time of Salvius Valens, a governor of Aquitania who in the Digest receives a rescript from Antoninus Pius (48.7.2.2) and who stood as PIR1 S 116. His name occurred as the second (following Vindius Ve- rus) in the list of jurists favoured by Pius, according to the text in the Historia Augusta (12.1). For centuries it abode without question until 1870, when Mommsen saw that something was out of order: the great Julian omitted, P. Salvius lulianus (cos. 148).1) Error was patent, and so was the remedy. Author or copyist had amalgamated two ju-rists, Salvius Julianus and Aburnius Valens. The latter, registered by the Digest as successor to Javolenus Priscus in leadership of the Sabinian School, benefits from epigraphic testimony to nomenclature and early career, being L. Fulvius C.f. Pup. Aburnius Valens, quaestor to Hadrian about the year 125.2) * * * II. Forfeiting a place among the counsellors of an empe- ror, Salvius Valens the legate of Aquitania has suffered occlusion. He could not secure admission to two recent ca- __________ 1) Duly cited by Dessau in PIR1 S 116. 2) On Aburnius (registered as PIR2 F 526), who has failed to attract much attention, see 'The Jurists Approved by Antoninus Pius', forthcoming.
    [Show full text]
  • A Methodical System of Universal Law: Or, the Laws of Nature and Nations, with Supplements and a Discourse by George Turnbull Natural Law and Enlightenment Classics
    a methodical system of universal law: or, the laws of nature and nations, with supplements and a discourse by george turnbull natural law and enlightenment classics Knud Haakonssen General Editor Johann Gottlieb Heineccius uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu ii ii ii ii iinatural law and iienlightenment classics ii ii ii ii iiA Methodical System ii iiof Universal Law: iiOr, the Laws of Nature and ii iiNations, with Supplements iiand a Discourse iiby George Turnbull ii ii iiJohann Gottlieb Heineccius ii ii ii iiTranslated from the Latin by George Turnbull ii iiEdited and with an Introduction by iiThomas Ahnert and Peter Schro¨der ii ii ii ii iiliberty fund ii iiIndianapolis ii ii ii uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu This book is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a foundation established to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The cuneiform inscription that serves as our logo and as the design motif for our endpapers is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 b.c. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash. Introduction, annotations, bibliography, index ᭧ 2008 by Liberty Fund, Inc. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America c 12345678910 p 12345678910 Frontispiece: Copper engraving of Johann Gottlieb Heineccius by Martin Berningeroth (1732). Reproduced courtesy of Universita¨ts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt in Halle (Saale). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heineccius, Johann Gottlieb, 1681–1741. A methodical system of universal law: or, The laws of nature and nations: with supplements and a discourse/by Johann Gottlieb Heineccius, George Turnbull; translated from the Latin by George Turnbull; edited and with an introduction by Thomas Ahnert and Peter Schro¨der.
    [Show full text]
  • Readings – Week 3
    Readings – Week 3 Anonymous, Epitome de caesaribus (Epitome of the Caesars), 16.1-20.10 [Epit. Caes. 16.1– 20.10] 16. Marcus Aurelius Antonius ruled eighteen years. 2. He showed himself to possess all virtues and a celestial character, and was thrust before public calamities like a defender. For indeed, if he had not been born to those times, surely, as if with one fall, all of the Roman state would have collapsed. 3. Since there was never rest from arms, and wars were raging through all Oriens, Il- lyricum, Italy, and Gallia, and there were earthquakes not without the destruction of cities, inun- dations of rivers, numerous plagues, species of locusts which infested fields, there is almost nothing by which mortals are accustomed to be vexed with the most serious difficulties that is able to be described which did not rage while he was ruling. 4. I believe that it has been be- stowed by divine providence that, when the law of the universe or nature produces or something else unknown to men, they are appeased by the counsels of honest men as by the remedies of medicine. 5. With a new kind of benevolence, he admitted his own relative, Lucius Annius Verus, to a share of power. This is the Verus who, while journeying between Altinum and Concordia, died, in the eleventh year of power, as a result of a surge of blood, a disorder which the Greeks call apoplexy. 6. He was a poet, mostly of tragedies, studious, of a rugged and lascivious character. 7. After Lucius’ demise, Marcus Antoninus controlled the state alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: the Louisiana Experience John H
    Louisiana Law Review Volume 25 | Number 3 April 1965 Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: The Louisiana Experience John H. Tucker jr. Repository Citation John H. Tucker jr., Tradition and Technique of Codification in the Modern World: The Louisiana Experience, 25 La. L. Rev. (1965) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol25/iss3/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TRADITION AND TECHNIQUE OF CODIFICATION IN THE MODERN WORLD: THE LOUISIANA EXPE- RIENCE* John H. Tucker, jr.** It has now been 160 years since France adopted its Civil Code, and thereby started a movement for the codification of civil law throughout the world. But in that lapse of time there have been cataclysmic changes in the social, political, economic, and physical circumstances of life which necessitate an exami- nation of the laws by which we live in order to find out whether they are adequate and proper in this fantastic space age which characterizes the modern world. Within the past decade, new nations have been swept into existence on a wave of anti-colonialism. Many of them need to have a complete redaction of their private as well as their pub- lic laws after it has been determined objectively to what extent, if any, the laws of the colonizing sovereignties have affected or supplanted local laws.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Law and Reception by Lorena Atzeri
    Roman Law and Reception by Lorena Atzeri This contribution offers an overview of the origin, development and persistence of Roman law from its origins in the 8th century BC to the 19th century AD. Roman law and its sources, above all the Justinianic Codification – the so called Corpus Iuris Civilis – have left an indelible imprint on the development of law in Europe and laid the foundation of many European legal systems. The role of Roman law within the legal science in the Middle Ages and the modern period will therefore also be treated here. Moreover, this article will discuss the fundamental relationship between Roman and Canon law and the reception of Roman law in many countries in Europe. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction and Periodisation 2. Public Law and Private Law 3. Legal Sources in the Republican Period 1. Lex and mos 2. The Law of the Twelve Tables 3. Jurisprudence and its Origins 4. The Stratification of the Legal System: Magisterial Law 4. Roman Legal Science 1. The End of a Legal Monopoly 2. The Formation of a Secular Jurisprudence 3. Jurists during the Imperial Period 5. Imperial Laws and their Collections 1. Codex Gregorianus and Codex Hermogenianus 2. Codex Theodosianus 3. Post-Theodosian Novels 4. The Leges barbarorum 5. Lex Romana Visigothorum or Breviarium Alarici 6. Lex Romana Burgundionum 7. Edictum Theoderici 6. The Corpus Iuris Civilis of Emperor Justinian I 1. First Codex 2. Digest 3. Institutes 4. Second Codex (or Codex Repetitae Praelectionis) 5. Novels 7. The Validity and Range of Influence of the Justinian Compilation 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Law: 30 Items
    ROMAN LAW 30 ITEMS April 7, 2020 Dictionary of Roman Law and Legislation with 24 Plates 1. Agustin, Antonio [1517-1586]. Orsino, Fulvio [1529-1600], Editor. Lipsius, Justus [1547-1606]. De Legibus et Senatusconsultis Liber: Adiunctis Legum Antiquarum & Senatusconsultorum Fragmentis, Cum Notis Fuluii Ursini, Multo Quam Antea Emendatius, Additis Etiam Locorum Quorundam Notis: Cum Duobus Indicibus Locupletissimis: Adiectus est Iusti Lipsii Libellus de Legibus Regiis & X. Viralibus. Paris: Apud Ioannem Richerium, via Diui Ioannis Lateranensis, sub signo Arboris Virescentis, 1584. [xvi], 221, [1], 46 pp., [24] leaves of tipped-in bifolium plates (numbered [cross]1-[cross]35). Folio (14" x 9"). Contemporary limp vellum (colored green) with yapp edges, later gilt ornaments to spine, ties lacking. Rubbing to boards and extremities, some wrinkling to corners, minor worming to front board, small chip to front joint, spine ends bumped, corners worn, hinges cracked, front pastedown renewed, other endleaves lacking. Large woodcut printer device to title page, woodcut decorated initials, head-pieces and tail-pieces. Moderate toning to text, a bit heavier in places, occasional faint dampstaining, early annotations to a few leaves. An appealing copy. $1,950. * Second edition. Agustin, a Spanish cleric and jurist, was Archbishop of Tarragona. He was a leading member of the group of antiquarians in mid-sixteenth century Rome who were involved in the study of ancient Roman institutions. First published in 1583, De Legibus is a dictionary of Roman law with an emphasis on legislation. The final section, a set of plates preceded by a half-title reading Leges et Senatusconsulta Quae in Veteribus cum ex Lapide tum ex Aere Monumentis Reperiuntur, is a collection of transcribed documents.
    [Show full text]