G Abhandlungen Der Geologischen Bundesanstalt
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Felix Gradstein, Lames Ogg and Alan Smith 18 the Jurassic Period J
Felix Gradstein, lames ogg and Alan smith 18 The Jurassic Period J. G. OGG iographic distribution of Jurassic GSSPs that have been ratified (ye Table 18.1 for more extensive listing). GSSPs for the honds) or are candidates (squares) on a mid-Jurassic map base-Jurassic, Late Jurassic stages, and some Middle Jurassic stages PNS in January 2004; see Table 2.3). Overlaps in Europe have are undefined. The projection center is at 30" E to place the center kured some GSSPs, and not all candidate sections are indicated of the continents in the center of the map. basaurs dominated theland surface. Ammonites are themain fossils neously considered his unit to he older. Alexander Brongniart rmrrelatingmarine deposits. Pangea supercontinent began to break (1829) coined the term "Terrains Jurassiques" when correlat- h md at the end of the Middle Jurassic the Central Atlantic was ing the "Jura Kalkstein" to the Lower Oolite Series (now as- m. Organic-rich sediments in several locations eventually became signed to Middle Jurassic) of the British succession. Leopold t source rocks helping to fuel modern civilization. von Buch (1839) established a three-fold subdivision for the Jurassic. The basic framework of von Buch has been retained as the three Jurassic series, although the nomenclature has var- 8.1 HISTORY AND SUBDIVISIONS ied (Black-Brown-White, Lias-Dogger-Malm, and currently L1.1 Overview of the Jurassic Lower-Middle-Upper). The immense wealth of fossils, particularly ammonites, in hc term "Jura Kalkstein" was applied by Alexander von the Jurassic strata of Britain, France, German5 and Switzer- bmholdt (1799) to a series ofcarhonate shelfdeposits exposed land was a magnet for innovative geologists, and modern con- the mountainous Jura region of northernmost Switzerland, cepts of hiostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, correlation, and d he first recognized that these strata were distinct from paleogeography grew out of their studies. -
Die Allgäu-Schichten (Jura-Fleckenmergel) Zwischen Wettersteingebirge Und Rhein
©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Jb. Geol. B. A. Bd. 108 S. 1—114 Wien, Juni 1965 Die Allgäu-Schichten (Jura-Fleckenmergel) zwischen Wettersteingebirge und Rhein Von Volker JACOBSHAGEN (Marburg/Lahn) *) (Mit 3 Abbildungen, 2 Tabellen, 5 Phototafeln und 8 Tafeln) Zusammenfassung In den Nördlichen Kalkalpen westlich vom Wetterstein-Gebirge wurden die Allgäu- Schichten (Jura-Fleckenmergel) nach dem Vorwiegen kalkiger oder mergeliger Gesteine durchweg in drei Abteilungen gegliedert: A. Ältere Allgäu-Schichten (Unter- bis Mittellias), kalkreich. B. Mittlere Allgäu-Schichten (unterer Oberlias), mergelreioh. C. Jüngere Allgäu-Schichten (oberer Oberlias und Dogger), kalkreich. Diese Abteilungen konnten gebietsweise jedoch noch in mehrere Gruppen unterteilt werden. Die in der Schichtfolge beobachteten Faziestypen werden kurz charakterisiert und genetisch gedeutet. Nach Mächtigkeits- und Fazies-Verteilung wird dann ein paläo- geographischer Überblick für die einzelnen Abteilungen entworfen. Fragen der Groß- tektonik, unter anderem das Problem Deckenbau oder gebundene Tektonik, können daran überprüft werden. Abschließend werden die Beziehungen der Allgäu-Schichten zum mediterranen und mitteleuropäischen Jura behandelt. Inhalt Vorwort 2 I. Erforschungsgeschichte 3 II. Stratigraphie 5 Zur Nomenklatur 5 Die Gliederung 6 Schichtenfolge 6 A. Ältere Allgäu-Schichten 7 1. Rätikon, Davenna-Gruppe 8 2. Lechtaler Alpen 10 3. Nördliche Vorarlberger Kalkalpen 25 4. Allgäuer Alpen 28 5. Hohenschwangauer und Ammergauer Alpen 38 *) Adresse des Autors: Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut der Universität Mar burg/Lahn, Deutschhausstraße 10. ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 2 B. Mittlere Allgäu-Schiohten 40 1. Kätikon, Davenna-Gruppe 43 2. Lechtaler Alpen 43 3. Nördliche Vorarlberger Kalkalpen 46 4. Allgäuer Alpen 46 5. Hohenschwangauer und Ammergauer Alpen 50 C. -
Marine Sediments from the Southern Sierra Madre Oriental
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas ISSN: 1026-8774 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Blau, Joachim; Meister, Christian; Schmidt-Effing, Reinhard; Villaseñor, Ana B. A new fossiliferous site of Lower Liassic (Upper Sinemurian) marine sediments from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental (Puebla, Mexico): ammonite fauna, biostratigraphy, and description of Ectocentrites hillebrandti new species Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, vol. 25, núm. 3, 2008, pp. 402-407 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57225303 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 402 RevistaBlau etMexicana al. de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 25, núm. 3, 2008, p. 402-407 A new fossiliferous site of Lower Liassic (Upper Sinemurian) marine sediments from the southern Sierra Madre Oriental (Puebla, Mexico): ammonite fauna, biostratigraphy, and description of Ectocentrites hillebrandti new species Joachim Blau1,*, Christian Meister2, Reinhard Schmidt-Effi ng3, and Ana B. Villaseñor4 1 Feldbergstrasse 5, D-61191 Rosbach-Rodheim, Germany. 2 Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Département de Géologie et Paléontologie, 1 Rte de Malagnou, CP. 6434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. 3 Institut für Geologie und Paläontologie, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 11a, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. 4 Instituto de Geología, Departamento de Paleontología, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico. * [email protected] ABSTRACT We describe ammonites from a newly discovered, fossil-bearing, marine Liassic locality (Lower Jurassic, Huayacocotla Fm.) in the vicinity of the Zongozotla Municipality (southern Sierra Madre Oriental) in the northern part of Puebla State (Mexico). -
Phylloceratina (Ammonoidea) Del Pliensbachiano Italiano
00 o Riv. Ital. Paleont. > n . 2 pp. 193-250 tav. 19-20 Milano 1974 PHYLLOCERATINA (AMMONOIDEA) DEL PLIENSBACHIANO ITALIANO N e r in a F a n t i n i S e s t i n i Abstract. This paper concerns thè conclusive researchs on Pliensbachian Phyllo- ceratina from Italy, among which thè genera Geyeroceras Hyatt, 1900 and Partschiceras Fucini, 1923 were already investigated (Fantini Sestini, 1969, 1971). The fossils were collected in stratigraphic sections from Selva di Zandobbio and Alpe Turati in Lombar- dy and from thè M. Nerone area in thè centrai Apennines. They consist of internai moulds and complete shells. The family Juraphyllitidae is present with genera: Jura- phyllites Miiller, Meneghiniceras Hyatt, Harpophylloceras Spath e Galaticeras Spath. Only four genera of Pliensbachian age can be attributed to thè fam. Phylloceratidae; they are as follows: Phylloceras Suess, 1865 with thè two subgenera Phylloceras s.s. e Zetoceras Kovacs, 1939. Test with ornaments visible at low magnification; internai mould smooth, section elliptical, ovai or sublanceolate; E/L and L/U with or without phylloids (minor subdivisions of folioles). Partschiceras Fucini, 1923 ( = Procliviceras Fucini, 1923; Phyllopachyceras Spath, 1925). Test with well distinct riblets, sometimes with ribs and periumbilical ridges; inter nai mould with weak constrictions in thè inner whorls and with very weakly outlined ornaments on thè venter; E/L with phylloids; Hantkeniceras Kovacs, 1939 (= Calaiceras Kovacs, 1939). Test smooth; internai mould smooth with rare weak nearly straight constrictions; L/U with 2/3 folioles jointed at their base. Calliphylloceras Spath, 1927. Test with very well developed riblets along with strong rounded ribs; internai mould smooth with 4 to 8 deep arcuate constrictions; L/U with 2 folioles jointed at their base. -
Ichthyosauria, Parvipelvia) from the Lower Jurassic of the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile T
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 98 (2020) 102459 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of South American Earth Sciences journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames First temnodontosaurid (Ichthyosauria, Parvipelvia) from the Lower Jurassic of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile T ∗ Rodrigo A. Oteroa,b,c, , Patricio Sepúlvedad a Red Paleontológica U-Chile, Laboratorio de Ontogenia y Filogenia, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Av. Las Palmeras, 3425, Santiago, Chile b Consultora Paleosuchus Ltda, Huelén 165 Oficina C, Providencia, Santiago, Chile c Museo de Historia Natural y Cultural del Desierto de Atacama, Parque El Loa S/n, Calama, Chile d GeoBlast S.A, Antonio Bellet 444, Oficina 120, Providencia, Santiago, Chile ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: We describe fragmentary ichthyosaur skull remains of a single individual recovered from Lower Jurassic marine Ichthyosauria strata in northern Chile. The preserved teeth display distinctive features such as a very long, robust and coarsely Lower jurassic infolded roots; as well as low, labio-lingually compressed, large triangular crowns with carinae. Dental features south Pangea are consistent with those of the genus Temnodontosaurus, previously known in the Lower Jurassic of Europe. This Paleobiogeography find represent the first record of a temnodontosaurid ichthyosaur in the southern hemisphere, reinforcing a pattern of faunal interchange between the northern Tethys and southern Panthalassa, prior to the separation of Palabras clave: Laurasia and Gondwana, and before the full establishment of the Caribbean Seway. Ichthyosauria Jurásico Inferior Pangea sur RESUMEN Paleobiogeografía Describimos restos craneales fragmentarios de ictiosaurio pertenecientes a un único individuo, recuperado desde estratos marinos del Jurásico Inferior del norte de Chile. -
Revisión De Los Ammonoideos Del Lías Español Depositados En El Museo Geominero (ITGE, Madrid)
Boletín Geológico y Minero. Vol. 107-2 Año 1996 (103-124) El Instituto Tecnológico Geominero de España hace presente que las opiniones y hechos con signados en sus publicaciones son de la exclusi GEOLOGIA va responsabilidad de los autores de los trabajos. Revisión de los Ammonoideos del Lías español depositados en el Museo Geominero (ITGE, Madrid). Por J. BERNAD (*) y G. MARTINEZ. (**) RESUMEN Se revisan desde el punto de vista taxonómico, los fósiles de ammonoideos correspondientes al Lías español que se encuentran depositados en el Museo Geominero. La colección está compuesta por ejemplares procedentes de 67 localida des españolas, pertenecientes a colecciones de diferentes autores. Se identifican los ordenes Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina y Ammonitina, las familias Phylloceratidae, Echioceratidae, eoderoceratidae, Liparoceratidae, Amaltheidae, Dactyliocerati Los derechos de propiedad de los trabajos dae, Hildoceratidae y Hammatoceratidae y las subfamilias Xipheroceratinae, Arieticeratinae, Harpoceratinae, Hildocerati publicados en esta obra fueron cedidos por nae, Grammoceratinae, Phymatoceratinae y Hammatoceratinae correspondientes a los pisos Sinemuriense, Pliensbachien los autores al Instituto Tecnológico Geomi se y Toarciense. nero de España Oueda hecho el depósito que marca la ley. Palabras clave: Ammonoidea, Taxonomía, Lías, España, Museo Geominero. ABSTRACT The Spanish Liassic ammonoidea fossil collections of the Geominero Museum is revised under a taxonomic point of view. The collection includes specimens from 67 Spanish -
Geology of the Shepton Mallet Area (Somerset)
Geology of the Shepton Mallet area (Somerset) Integrated Geological Surveys (South) Internal Report IR/03/94 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY INTERNAL REPORT IR/03/00 Geology of the Shepton Mallet area (Somerset) C R Bristow and D T Donovan Contributor H C Ivimey-Cook (Jurassic biostratigraphy) The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Ordnance Survey licence number GD 272191/1999 Key words Somerset, Jurassic. Subject index Bibliographical reference BRISTOW, C R and DONOVAN, D T. 2003. Geology of the Shepton Mallet area (Somerset). British Geological Survey Internal Report, IR/03/00. 52pp. © NERC 2003 Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2003 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of Survey publications is available from the BGS Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG Sales Desks at Nottingham and Edinburgh; see contact details 0115-936 3241 Fax 0115-936 3488 below or shop online at www.thebgs.co.uk e-mail: [email protected] The London Information Office maintains a reference collection www.bgs.ac.uk of BGS publications including maps for consultation. Shop online at: www.thebgs.co.uk The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the BGS Sales Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA Desks. 0131-667 1000 Fax 0131-668 2683 The British Geological Survey carries out the geological survey of e-mail: [email protected] Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and of the London Information Office at the Natural History Museum surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic research (Earth Galleries), Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London projects. -
Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY
MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Families J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions in BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 51 November 29, 1982 A COMPENDIUM OF FOSSIL MARINE FAMILIES J. JOHN SEPKOSKI, JR. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago REVIEWERS FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Robert Gernant, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee David M. Raup, Field Museum of Natural History Frederick R. Schram, San Diego Natural History Museum Peter M. Sheehan, Milwaukee Public Museum ISBN 0-893260-081-9 Milwaukee Public Museum Press Published by the Order of the Board of Trustees CONTENTS Abstract ---- ---------- -- - ----------------------- 2 Introduction -- --- -- ------ - - - ------- - ----------- - - - 2 Compendium ----------------------------- -- ------ 6 Protozoa ----- - ------- - - - -- -- - -------- - ------ - 6 Porifera------------- --- ---------------------- 9 Archaeocyatha -- - ------ - ------ - - -- ---------- - - - - 14 Coelenterata -- - -- --- -- - - -- - - - - -- - -- - -- - - -- -- - -- 17 Platyhelminthes - - -- - - - -- - - -- - -- - -- - -- -- --- - - - - - - 24 Rhynchocoela - ---- - - - - ---- --- ---- - - ----------- - 24 Priapulida ------ ---- - - - - -- - - -- - ------ - -- ------ 24 Nematoda - -- - --- --- -- - -- --- - -- --- ---- -- - - -- -- 24 Mollusca ------------- --- --------------- ------ 24 Sipunculida ---------- --- ------------ ---- -- --- - 46 Echiurida ------ - --- - - - - - --- --- - -- --- - -- - - --- -
PDF (Español (España))
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas,Caracterización v. 22, núm. de una 1, 2005,nueva p.localidad 97-114 fosilífera, Temapá Hidalgo 97 Caracterización de una nueva localidad fosilífera del Jurásico Inferior con crinoides y amonites en el centro-oriente de México (Temapá, Hidalgo) Carlos Esquivel-Macías1,*, Rita G. León-Olvera2 y Kinardo Flores-Castro3 1 Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Hidalgo, 42184 Pachuca, México. 2 Investigadora Independiente. Presa Salinillas 17-B-106, Colonia Irrigación, 11200 México D.F., México. 3 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma de Hidalgo, 42184 Pachuca, México. * [email protected] RESUMEN El grupo Huayacocotla es conocido por medio de diversos estudios geológicos y paleontológicos. En el presente trabajo se reporta por primera vez una fauna de amonites (Paltechioceras cf. mexicanum, P. rothpletzi, Ortechioceras incaguasiense, Coroniceras? (Metophioceras) aff. conybeari auct., Phylloceras sp., Sulciferites? cf. stenorhynchus) e isocrínidos bentónicos (Isocrinidae) y pseudoplanctónicos (Pentacrinitidae). Estos últimos representan nuevos registros para sedimentos sinemurianos de México. Se consideran los supuestos hábitos de vida para las familias a las que pertenecen las especies de amonites, como dato de referencia sobre el ambiente de depósito. En este afloramiento también se encuentra el bivalvo Posidontis semiplicata y un gasterópodo no identificado. Hay tres tipos de asociaciones fósiles que se encuentran repetidamente en las capas del afloramiento Temapá, perteneciente a la Formación Despí, de tal forma que es posible reconocerlas (1) por la diferencia de diámetro de los amonites que las componen; (2) por la diferente composición faunística entre ellas, que se demuestra con la aplicación del índice de Simpson; y (3) por el grado de fragmentación de las conchas. -
Ammonites from Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Universität München: Elektronischen Publikationen 253 Zitteliana 89 Ammonites from Bathonian and Callovian (Middle Jurassic) North of Damghan, Paläontologie Bayerische EasternGeoBio- Alborz, North Iran & Geobiologie Staatssammlung Center LMU München LMU München für Paläontologie und Geologie Kazem Seyed-Emami1* & Ahmad Raoufian2 München, 01.07.2017 1School of Mining Engineering, University College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Manuscript received P.O. Box 11365-4563, Tehran, Iran 2 26.09.2016; revision Daneshvar Center, Farhangian University, Neyshapour, Iran accepted 30.10.2016 *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ISSN 0373-9627 ISBN 978-3-946705-00-0 Zitteliana 89, 253–270. Abstract The following Middle Jurassic ammonite families (subfamilies) are described from the Dalichai Formation north of Damghan (eastern Alborz), some of them for the first time: Phylloceratidae, Lytoceratidae, Oppeliidae (Hecticoceratinae), Stephanoceratidae (Cadomitinae), Tulitidae and Reineckeiidae. The fauna is typically Northwest-Tethyan and closely related to Central Europe (Subboreal – Submediterra- nean Provinces). Key words: Ammonites, Dalichai Formation, Middle Jurassic, Alborz, Iran Zusammenfassung Aus der Dalichai Formation nördlich von Damghan (Ostalborz) werden einige mitteljurassische Ammoniten, teils zum ersten Mal, beschrieben. Folgende Familien und Unterfamilien sind vertreten: Phylloceratidae, Lytoceratidae, Oppeliidae (Hecticoceratinae), Steph- anoceratidae (Cadomitinae), Tulitidae und Reineckeiidae. Die Fauna ist typisch für die Nordwest-Tethys und zeigt enge Beziehungen zu Zentraleuropa (Subboreale und Submediterrane Faunenprovinz). Schlüsselwörter: Ammoniten, Dalichai Formation, Mittlerer Jura, Alborz, Iran Introduction the frame of a MSc. thesis. For the present study, a new section nearby was chosen and collections The present study is a continuation of a larger re- were made by A. -
Stuttgarter Beiträge Zur Naturkunde
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at "737 Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Schloss Rosenstein, 70CXD Stuttgart 1 Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 2 STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser. B, Nr. 65 The more important species to which a lectotype has herein been designated and figured are Acanthopleuroceras maugenesti (d'Orb.) and Coeloceras grenouillouxi (d'Orb.). The holotype oi Platypleu- roceras brevispina, a fragment of three successive whorls, is described in detail for the first time. The ranges of described ammonites are presented in Table 2. The early appearance of Zetoceras and Lytoceras, and the occurence of Crucilobiceras, Microderoceras, and Jamesonites are notable. The first evidence of the Liparoceratid family occurs in the upper part of the taylori Subzone. Resume La subdivision biostratigraphique du Pliensbachien inferieur a ete etudiee dans son stratotype a Pliensbach (arrondissement de Göppingen, Wurtemberg). Deux coupes supplementaires de la region- type, Celles de Nürtingen et de Holzmaden, ont ete prises egalement en consideration. Le Schema de subdivision en zones et sous-zones elabore par Dean et al. (1961) pour la province liasique de l'Europe du NW peut etre applique ä la serie marnocalcaire, epaisse de 9 a 12,5 m, de la region-type. La seule restriction importante est la position de la sous-zone a Masseanum, si on se refere ä la definition de la zone ä Jamesoni par Oppel (1856). Les premiers representants du genre Tropidoceras se trouvent ensemble avec des Uptonia. II faut en conclure que la sous-zone ä Masseanum est la sous-zone superieure de la zone ä Jamesoni. -
G Abhandlungen Der Geologischen Bundesanstalt
©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT ,G Abh. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0378-08641 ISBN 3-85316-007-7 Band 56/2 I S. 319-328 Wien, Dezember 1999 Geologie ohne Grenzen Redaktion: Festschrift 150 Jahre Geologische Bundesanstalt Harald Lobitzer & Pavol Grecula Some hitherto Undescribed Liassic Ammonites from the Adnet Formation in Austria MILOÖ RAKÜS)* 12 Text-Figures, 3 Plates Northern Calcareous Alps Adnet Formation Liassic Ammonites Österreichische Karte 1:50.000 New Species Blatt 94 Systematics Contents Abstract 319 Zusammenfassung 319 1. Introduction 319 2. Systematic part 320 Acknowledgements 328 References 328 Abstract In this article STÜR'S collection of ammonites from the Adnet locality is revised. The revision showed that the collection comprises interes ting ammonites from the Lotharingian and Carixian in which four previously undescribed species of ammonites occur. Although STUR had al ready designated three of them as new species, they were never published. There is also a lectotype of the species originally described as Ammonites alius (HAUER), which enabled its new and more precise definition. A lectotype of Paroxynoticeras salisburgense (HAUER) is also newly depicted here. Einige bislang unbeschriebene Ammoniten des Lias von Adnet, Österreich Zusammenfassung Im Laufe der Revision der Ammonitenfauna des Lias von Adnet stellte sich heraus, daß die Sammlung STUR im Depot der Geologischen Bundesanstalt auch vier bislang unbeschriebene Arten des Lotharingiums bzw. Carixiums umfaßt. Obwohl STUR drei von diesen Exemplaren bereits als neue Arten designiert hatte, wurde ihre Beschreibung nie veröffentlicht. Die Sammlung umfaßt auch einen Lektotypus jener Art, die ursprünglich als Ammonites altus (HAUER) beschrieben wurde, der nun eine wesentlich präzisere Arten-Diagnose erlaubt.