Traditional Chinese Medicine Cupping Therapy
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TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE CUPPING THERAPY Evolve Learning Resources for Students and Lecturers. See the instructions and PIN code panel on the inside cover for access to the web site: http://evolve.elsevier.com/Chirali/cupping/ Think outside the book...evolve DEDICATION To my wife Emine, son Zihni and daughter Aliye Senior Content Strategist: Alison Taylor Content Development Specialist: Carole McMurray Senior Project Manager: Beula Christopher Designer: Christian Bilbow Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Illustrator: Ethan Danielson TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE CUPPING THERAPY Third Edition ILKAY ZIHNI CHIRALI MBAcC RCHM Private Practitioner, Acupuncture and Stress Therapy Clinic, London; Lecturer, Cupping and Traditional Chinese Medicine Member of The Register of British Acupuncture Council Member of The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dip. Acupuncture (Australia); Cert TCM (Australia); Dip. Clinical Hypnosis (Australia); Dip. Chinese Herbal Medicine (England); Cert Pathology (England); Cert Paediatric Acupuncture (England); Cert Chinese Herbal Medicine (Nanjing, PR China); Cert Acupuncture – Clinical (Nanjing, PR China) With contributions by Bruce Bentley Mark Bovey Hui-juan Cao Roslyn Gibbs Jian-ping Liu Hossam Metwally Kei Ngu Pedro Paiva Foreword by Michael McIntyre MA, FNIMH, MRCHM, MBAcC, D.Univ. Practicing Acupuncturist and Herbalist; Visiting Professor, Middlesex University, London, UK © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com / permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 1999 Second edition 2007 Reprinted 2008 Third edition 2014 ISBN 978-0-7020-4352-9 ebook ISBN 978-0-7020-5834-9 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and / or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. The Publisher's policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests Printed in China CONTENTS CONTRIBUTORS vii FOREWORD viii PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION ix PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION xi PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii GLOSSARY xiv ACUPUNCTURE/ACUPRESSURE POINTS xvi 1 HISTORY OF CUPPING THERAPY 1 2 CUPPING’S FOLK HERITAGE: PEOPLE IN PRACTICE 17 Bruce Bentley 3 PART 1 CUPPING IN BUDDHIST MEDICINE 33 Pedro Paiva PART 2 CUPPING IN THAILAND’S TRADITIONAL LANNA MEDICINE 41 Kei Ngu 4 BENEFITS OF CUPPING THERAPY 47 5 PREPARING THE PATIENT FOR CUPPING TREATMENT 65 6 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) THERAPIES THAT CAN SAFELY INTRODUCE CUPPING TO THEIR TREATMENT PROTOCOL 72 7 THE CUPPING PROCEDURE 79 8 WHAT TO EXPECT DURING AND AFTER CUPPING THERAPY 87 9 TWELVE METHODS OF CUPPING THERAPY 91 10 CUPPING THERAPY ON CHILDREN AND ADULTS 118 11 COSMETIC CUPPING THERAPY 123 12 CUPPING THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF COMMON DISORDERS 144 13 TREATING MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS WITH CUPPING THERAPY 184 v vi CONTENTS 14 SPORTS INJURIES 211 15 MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS CUPPING THERAPY 231 16 CUPPING THERAPY EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH 247 RESEARCH STUDY 1 EFFECTS OF CUPPING THERAPY ON VARIOUS HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS 248 RESEARCH STUDY 2 THE EFFECTS OF CUPPING THERAPY ON THE PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS 251 Ilkay Zihni Chirali, Roslyn Gibbs and Mark Bovey RESEARCH STUDY 3 CUPPING AND MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME 256 Hossam Metwally RESEARCH STUDY 4 A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF CLINICAL EVIDENCE-BASED RESEARCH 277 Hui-juan Cao and Jian-ping Liu 17 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS AND PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS 311 COLOUR PLATE SECTION INDEX 315 NOTE The online materials accompanying this text include video sequences of the different cupping techniques indicated in the text by the computer mouse icon. To look at the video for a given technique, click on the relevant icon in the contents list on the website. The website is designed to be used in conjunction with the text and not as a stand-alone product. CONTRIBUTORS Bruce Bentley, MA, BA (Hons), BHSc Hossam Metwally, MBChB, BSc.APh, MDA, Director of Health Traditions, MRCA (London), MSc Victoria, Australia Chronic Pain Specialist, Diana Princess of Wales Hospital, North East Lincolnshire Mark Bovey, MSc and Goole Hospitals; Managing Director, External Examiner for MSc Acupuncture, Lincs Pain Management Clinic, Grimsby, Northern College of Acupuncture, North UK Yorkshire; Middlesex University, London, UK Kei Ngu, (R. de Feitas), Dip KHa, Dip Oc, Hui-juan Cao, PhD Dip TTa, Dip ATMmt, Dip OOm Research Associate, Centre for Evidence-Based Principal Teacher, Shivago Thai School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Thai therapy, Edinburgh and Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China London, UK; Member, Union of Thai Roslyn Gibbs, BSc, PhD, MBAcC Traditional Medicine Society, Thailand Principal Lecturer and Division Head of Biomedical Science, School of Pharmacy Pedro Paiva, Dip SAt, Dip AVm, Dip TTm, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Dip OC Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK Principal Teacher, Shivago Thai School; Principal Teacher, Espaco Jivaka; Principal Jian-ping Liu, PhD, MD Teacher, Centro de Estudos Tibetanos; Professor, Director of Centre for Evidence- Lecturer, Tibetan phycology, Centro de Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing Estudos Tibetanos, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, Teacher, Oriental Medicine Academy, China Edinburgh, York and London, UK vii FOREWORD In 1982, whilst studying acupuncture in a hospital in Nanjing, PRC, I encountered cupping therapy on a daily basis. The Chinese doctors with whom I worked routinely treated a variety of acute and chronic ailments – from injuries, sprains and strains to chest infections – with bamboo and glass cups. In time I too became adept at creating a therapeutic vacuum in a cupping jar by the simple expedient of burning the oxygen in the cup with a lighted piece of cotton wool safely held in forceps before quickly apply- ing the cup to my patient. I saw firsthand the remarkable improvements this simple technique could yield, but actually I knew this already as this was not my first experience of cupping. My mother, who is Greek, had regularly used cupping on my brother, sister and me when we suffered from childhood coughs and colds. This treatment was common in Greece until relatively recently and one of the cups I still use in my practice was purchased some 40 years ago from a chemist shop in Greece. Studying the Knight’s Tale by Chaucer at school in England in the 1960s, our class came across the following passage: But speke of palamon and of arcite. Swelleth the brest of arcite, and the soore Encreesseth at his herte moore and moore. The clothered blood, for any lechecraft, Corrupteth, and is in his bouk ylaft, That neither veyne-blood, ne ventusynge, Ne drynke of herbes may ben his helpynge. The Middle English word ‘ventusynge’ here means cupping, coming from the French ‘ventoúza’ (βεντούζα) in Greek, but my English teacher looked totally nonplussed when I said that I knew all about this treatment referred to by Chaucer because my mother had applied cups to me at home when I was sick. I soon learnt not to mention my mother’s cupping therapy to my English friends as discussion of it was always greeted with astonishment and I certainly did not appreciate my mother being called a witch! Ironically, today one of my most treasured possessions is the bamboo cupping jar my teacher in Nanjing presented me with when I left the hospital