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Assessing Safety Culture Among Personnel in Governmental Construction Sites at Saudi Arabia: a Quantitative Study Approach

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Assessing Safety Culture Among Personnel in Governmental Construction Sites at Saudi Arabia: a Quantitative Study Approach ASSESSING SAFETY CULTURE AMONG PERSONNEL IN GOVERNMENTAL CONSTRUCTION SITES AT SAUDI ARABIA: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY APPROACH by OMAR ALREHAILI B.S. Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, 2010 M.S. Industrial Engineering, University of South Florida, 2014 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems in the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2016 Major Professor: Waldemar Karwowski © 2016 Omar Alrehaili ii ABSTRACT Safety is an essential issue for organizations to survive, especially for hazardous industries such as the construction industry. The construction industry is considered to be one of the major industries that help in the growth of the economy and the infrastructure of all countries. Recently, scholars have paid increasing attention to the concept of safety culture due to its role in decreasing the occurrences of accidents and injuries. Safety culture has become the focus of all industries and has received much attention in recent years, especially within the construction industry. Absence of this culture is a major cause of injuries and accidents in the construction field. In the construction industry, personnel’s perception of safety culture is vital to prevent accidents or behavior misconduct. Also, focusing on personnel’s safety culture on construction sites provides an opportunity to decrease risks and unsafe behaviors to improve the overall safety level. Workers’ performance and behaviors are shaped by their awareness and view of safety culture inside their work environment. Generally, safety performance in the construction field is still unsatisfactory based on reporting records. The present study observed the influence of safety culture on construction’s personnel’s safety performance on large governmental construction projects in Saudi Arabia. Construction personnel’s safety performance is measured by their attitude toward violations and error behaviors. This research also exams the role of personnel’s motivation toward construction safety as a mediating variable between construction safety culture and safety performance constructs, including error and violation behaviors. The research adopted a quantitative method by using a questionnaire for the purpose of data collection and analysis. A total of 434 questionnaires were collected from construction iii personnel including project managers, engineers, and supervisors through their voluntary participation in this study. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data collected including descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques. Confirmatory factor analysis is used for validating each factor with its measurable items. Finally, this study applied the concept of structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the correlation between all latent variables in the study’s conceptualized model. The outcomes of the study show that safety culture has a direct influence on construction personnel’s attitudes toward violations and an indirect effect on construction personnel’s error behavior. Furthermore, safety culture has a significant effect on improving safety motivation, as well. Safety motivation for construction safety has a direct effect on errors behaviors. Conversely, safety motivation does not have a mediating effect on construction personnel’s attitudes toward violations. Therefore, safety motivation’s mediating role was significant only between safety culture and errors behaviors. This research has added to the existing knowledge about the important part of safety culture as a key interpreter of safety performance in construction field. The current study contributes to psychological safety through examining the influence of safety culture as the interpreter for enhancing motivation for construction safety. Additionally, this research evaluated safety culture’s influence on construction personnel’s attitudes toward violations and construction personnel’s error behavior. The outcomes of the study are useful and recommended to be used by construction management to better pinpoint the reasons for unsafe behaviors within the construction industry. The results of this research highlights management’s role in determining, and affecting, workers’ behaviors. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincerest thanks to my research advisor, Dr. Waldemar Karwowski, for his constant support and guidance through this research investigation. I am grateful for his valuable thoughts and contributions throughout conducting this research. His guidance, encouragement, discussions, motivation, and dedication were crucial to complete my research successfully. I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Ahmed K. Elshennawy, Dr. Peter Hancock, and Dr. Piotr Mikusinski for their valuable support and guidance during my study. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ x LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ xii LIST OF ABBREVIATION/ ACRONYMS ............................................................................... xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Research Objectives .............................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Hypothesis............................................................................................................................. 5 1.5 Research Contributions ......................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 9 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Definition of the Concepts Related to Safety Culture in Construction Sites ...................... 10 2.2.1 Organizational Culture ................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Organizational Climate ................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Safety Culture ............................................................................................................... 13 2.2.4 Organizational Safety Culture ...................................................................................... 18 2.2.5 Safety Climate .............................................................................................................. 20 2.2.6 Safety Management System ......................................................................................... 22 2.2.7 Behavioral Based System ............................................................................................. 24 2.3 Issues Affecting the Formation of Safety Culture .............................................................. 24 2.3.1 Cultural Diversity and Level of Aggregation ............................................................... 24 2.3.2 Subcultures Existence in the Organizational Context .................................................. 25 2.3.3 Positive Safety Culture Indicators ................................................................................ 26 vi 2.4 Earlier Models of Safety Culture ........................................................................................ 27 2.4.1 Multifactor Analysis Models ........................................................................................ 31 2.4.2 Reciprocal Safety Culture Models ................................................................................ 32 2.4.3 Construction Sites Safety Culture Reciprocal Models ................................................. 34 2.4.4 Nation Specific Safety Culture Models ........................................................................ 38 2.4.5 Theoretical Safety Culture Models ............................................................................... 38 2.5 Factors Affecting Safety Culture in Construction Sites ...................................................... 40 2.6 Overview of the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia .................................................... 43 2.6.1 Safety Status of the Construction Sites in Saudi Arabia .............................................. 43 2.7 Theory of Planned Behavior ............................................................................................... 45 2.8 Assessing Safety Culture .................................................................................................... 47 2.9 New Perspectives of Measuring Safety .............................................................................. 53 2.10 Discussion of Future Research.........................................................................................
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