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Présidentielle : Une Campagne Invisible, Une Issue Imprévisible

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Présidentielle : Une Campagne Invisible, Une Issue Imprévisible monde Etats-Unis Présidentielle : une campagne invisible, une issue imprévisible Barack Obama, allocution de soutien à Joe Biden le 14 avril 2020 : l’Amérique a besoin d’être guidée par « la connaissance et l’expérience, l’honnêteté et l’humilité, l’empathie et la grâce ». Une phrase qui prend une dimension particulière, en ces temps de campagne électorale bouleversée par la crise sanitaire mondiale. Maryse BuTeL, membre du comité de rédaction d’H&L e rituel familier des élections pri- senti qui sera opposé au Président républi- De la vingtaine de candidats (3) jetés dans maires américaines a été brutale- cain sortant Donald J. Trump, 73 ans. la course à l’investiture, représentant la ment stoppé à la mi-mars par l’im- A ce jour, deux certitudes demeurent : le diversité et le renouvellement, certaines périeuse nécessité du confinement Président des Etats-Unis qui prêtera ser- étoiles montantes ont marqué les esprits : Ldue à la pandémie de Covid-19, portant un ment en janvier 2021 sera un homme, blanc Pete Buttigieg, le maire de South Bend coup fatal à l’organisation des démocrates et septuagénaire, et une tâche incommen- en Indiana et les candidates telles Eli- et reléguant la campagne présidentielle au surable s’ouvrira devant lui. Il aura à réparer zabeth Warren, sénatrice du Maine, ou sous-sol de la maison de Joe Biden, d’où il le traumatisme causé par les dizaines de Kamala Harris, ancienne procureure et s’est adressé aux Américains par webcam. milliers de morts de la Covid-19, soutenir sénatrice de Californie, Tulsie Gabbard, Annulation des meetings, arrêt des débats les trente-six-millions de chômeurs après ou Amy Klobuchar. D’autres tels le Texan télévisés, retrait des derniers candidats en l’effondrement économique et social, et Beto O’Rourke ou Bill de Blasio, maire de lice, report des votes des dix-huit derniers reconstruire une économie en ruine. NYC, ou Michael Bloomberg, n’ont pas Etats à l’été, renvoi de la convention démo- Les débuts s’annonçaient prometteurs. convaincu. En mars, une poignée de can- crate (1) au mois d’août : le calendrier élec- didats continuaient de débattre âprement toral s’est figé. à la télévision, lorsque le processus électoral Alors qu’un duel idéologique était enga- (1) La convention nationale démocrate, initialement prévue a tourné court. Tous se sont rangés derrière gé entre Bernie Sanders et Joe Biden, les du 13 au 16 juillet, a été repoussée à la date du 17 au 20 août. Joe Biden, le candidat en tête. Puis Barack Elle aura lieu à Milwaukee, dans le Wisconsin. La conven- démocrates ont été contraints d’abréger la tion nationale républicaine aura lieu du lundi 24 au jeudi Obama, Elizabeth Warren, Hillary Clinton course à l’investiture. Pour chasser Donald 27 août à Charlotte, en Caroline du Nord. et Nancy Pelosi ont apporté publiquement Trump du pouvoir, le Parti a prôné l’efficaci- (2) Joseph Robinette Biden Jr a été élu sénateur de l’Etat du leur soutien au candidat démocrate. té sur le débat idéologique. L’unité du Parti Delaware durant trente-six ans, de 1973 à 2009, puis vice- Deux lignes de fracture idéologique démocrate symbolisée par Biden a prévalu président de 2009 à 2016. Il sera officiellement désigné divisent le Parti démocrate. Les sujets candidat du Parti démocrate lors de la convention natio- sur l’audace du programme de Sanders. nale démocrate en août. d’opposition portent sur la couverture san- Biden étant le seul à même de rallier les (3) Liste des candidats qui se sont chronologiquement té universelle et publique, le salaire mini- suffrages des modérés des deux bords et de présentés à la course aux primaires entre le 29 juillet 2017 mum, la lutte contre le changement clima- convaincre les indécis, la révolution prônée et le 24 novembre 2019: John Delaney, Andrew Yang, Tulsi tique et la dette étudiante. Les divergences par Bernie Sanders a été remise à plus tard. Gabbard, Julian Castro, kamala Harris, kirsten Gillibrand, portent sur les coûts et les risques engen- Marianne Williamson, Cory Booker, Elizabeth Warren, Amy Après le retrait de son adversaire, le 8 avril, klobuchar, Bernie Sanders, Jay Inslee, John Hickenlooper, drés par ces réformes. Joe Biden, Pete But- Biden est devenu l’unique candidat. Beto 0’Rourke, Tim Ryan, Eric Swalwell, Mike Gravel, Pete tigieg ou Amy Klobuchar incarnent la voie Joe R. Biden, 77 ans, ancien sénateur (2) du Buttigieg, Seth Moulton, Joe Biden, Michael Bennet, Steve centriste, tandis que la voie progressiste Bullock, Bill de Blasio, Joe Sestak, Tom Steyer, Deval Patrick, Delaware et vice-Président de Barack Oba- Michael Bloomberg. Richard Ojeda et Wayne Messam se est défendue avec pugnacité par Bernie ma, est donc le candidat démocrate pres- sont retirés avant le début des primaires. Sanders et Elizabeth Warren. 34 u Hommes & Libertés N° 190 u Juin 2020 Mal parti dans la course, Joe Biden connaît de cuisantes défaites en Iowa et New Hampshire en février 2020, puis il effectue une remontée spectaculaire qualifiée de résurrection par la presse américaine. Décrit comme un homme chaleureux il se montre rassurant, face à un Donald Trump dépourvu CC de compassion. licence © DR, DR, © Bien que populaire dans le sud-ouest l’autre contre les violences faites aux l’enthousiasme au sein de l’électorat fémi- des Etats-Unis et acclamé par la jeunesse femmes. Il a aussi promis de faire respecter nin démocrate », d’après les instances du grâce à sa politique d’effacement de la le droit à l’avortement et à la contracep- Parti. Elles permettraient de briser le deu- dette étudiante, le charismatique sénateur tion, une annonce appréciée par l’électo- xième plafond de verre le plus solide et du Vermont Bernie Sanders s’est montré rat féminin qui lui est largement acquis répareraient une injustice (8) dans l’histoire incapable d’élargir sa base électorale. Les (cependant il se peut qu’une affaire d’ac- des élections américaines. minorités ethniques l’ont boudé ostensi- cusation d’agression sexuelle (7) interfère Décrit comme un homme chaleureux, Joe blement, et les Afro-Américains, qui n’ont dans l’élection…). Biden se montre rassurant et plein d’em- jamais adhéré à sa politique de santé dis- Joe Biden s’est déjà publiquement engagé pathie, face à un Président dépourvu de tributive, lui ont préféré Biden à une très à désigner une candidate à la vice-prési- compassion. Bien qu’il effectue une cam- forte majorité. dence. Les noms de Gretchen Whitmer, pagne invisible et peine à se faire entendre, Kamala Harris, Stacey Abrams ou Michelle il incarne un retour à la normale après Biden : l’incarnation Lujan Grisham sont fréquemment cités. quatre années de fanfaronnades, men- de la fin d’une ère Elles associent compétence, expérience et songes et corruption. Mal parti dans la course, Biden connaît de diversité ethnique et pourraient « créer de cuisantes défaites en Iowa et New Hamp- Donald Trump, shire en février, puis il effectue une remon- le coronavirus et l’économie tée spectaculaire qualifiée de résurrection (4) Résultats de Joe Biden, successivement : 4e dans l’Iowa, Donald Trump est assuré de l’investiture e e par la presse américaine. Il remporte tour 5 dans le New Hampshire et 2 dans le Nevada, il a rem- républicaine, avec le nombre de délégués porté la Caroline du Sud samedi 29 février puis l’Alabama, à tour de grandes victoires lors du Super l’Arkansas, le Massachusetts, le Maine, le Minnesota, la nécessaires pour être désigné vainqueur Tuesday (ce jour-là ce sont quatorze Etats Caroline du Nord, l’Oklahoma, le Tennessee, le Texas et la des primaires républicaines. Son dernier qui votent simultanément) et poursuit Virginie lors du Super Tuesday, mardi 3 mars. En lice contre rival de façade, l’ancien gouverneur du Sanders, il a remporté largement les trois Etats en jeu le (9) sur sa lancée victorieuse jusqu’à l’arrêt 17 mars : la Floride (62 % contre 23 %), plus gros pourvoyeur Massachusetts, Bill Weld , a jeté l’éponge. (4) du processus. Ce retour en force sou- de délégués de la soirée, l’Illinois (60% contre 36 %), et l’Ari- Alors qu’un boulevard s’ouvrait devant ligne la force de son discours auprès des zona (43 % contre 30). lui pour sa réélection, la crise sanitaire est Américains, lassés de Trump. Bien que les (5) Un candidat doit obtenir 1 991 délégués pour empor- venue rebattre les cartes, et il doit mainte- chiffres soient encore partiels (5), Biden a ter dès le premier tour la nomination du Parti lors de la nant répondre de sa gestion calamiteuse engrangé mille-quatre-cent-trente-cinq convention démocrate. de la pandémie et faire face à l’effondre- (6) Violence against Women Act et Violent Crime Control délégués. Afin de conquérir les jeunes et and Law Enforcement Act. ment de l’économie américaine. l’aile progressiste du Parti, Joe Biden s’est (7) Tara Reade, une de ses anciennes collaboratrices, l’accuse Tout d’abord dans le déni total de l’épi- engagé à adopter des propositions sur l’al- d’une agression sexuelle commise en 1993. Joe Biden a for- démie puis dans l’instrumentalisation, lègement de la dette étudiante et protéger mellement démenti ces accusations. Donald Trump s’illustre par son manque les Américains des abus des créanciers. (8) A ce jour, seules deux femmes ont été candidates à la flagrant d’empathie pour ses concitoyens. Son expérience politique est solide. En vice-présidence : Geraldine Ferraro aux côtés du démocrate A peine cinq minutes pour exprimer son Walter Mondale, en 1984, et Sarah Palin aux côtés du can- 1994, sous la présidence de Bill Clinton, didat républicain John McCain, en 2008.
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