DOCSLIB.ORG

Newsgathering Transmission Techniques

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Newsgathering Transmission Techniques NEWSGATHERING TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES Ennes Workshop – Miami, FL March 8, 2013 Kevin Dennis Regional Sales Manager 2 Vislink is Built on a Firm Foundation 3 Presentation Outline • Advancements in video encoding technology – H.264 versus MPEG-2 • Advancements in licensed microwave technology – Implementing HD/SD H.264 encoding – Modulation, FEC, high power Linear Amps • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) – 3G, 4G, LTE, WiMax – HD/SD Bonded Cellular Video Transmission • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions Newsgathering Transmission Techniques • Advancements in video encoding technology • Advancements in licensed microwave technology • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC / Part10) versus MPEG-2 • H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation based codec standard • First version of the standard was completed in 2003 • H.264 video compression is significantly more efficient than MPEG-2 encoding providing two-fold improvement as compared to MPEG-2 • H.264 HD encoding not excessively expensive to implement as compared to first MPEG-2 encoders H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2 H.264 is approximately twice as efficient as MPEG-2 Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material. H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2 Low Motion Video - there is very little video quality difference between H.264 and MPEG-2 Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2 High Motion Video - H.264 retains image continuity while MPEG-2 becomes “blocky” Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor H.264 AVC versus MPEG-2 HD Encoding Features MPEG-2 • 4:2:0MP@HL, 4:2:2MP@HL, 8-80Mbps • Good HD picture quality from as little as 12Mbps (MPEG-2) • Contribution quality at ~18Mbps • Low Latency ~42mS (decoder dependent) H.264 (AVC) • Good HD picture quality from as little as 5Mbps (H.264) • Contribution quality at ~10Mbps • Low Latency ~300mS (encoder and decoder dependent) Newsgathering Transmission Techniques • Advancements in video encoding technology • Advancements in licensed microwave technology • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions Digital ENG Contribution Techniques Microwave Transmit Systems o Mobile (truck/van, SNG/ENG) o Portable (tripod or airborne) o Wireless Camera High-Definition H.264 (AVC) • H.264 (MPEG-4 Part 10) • Video compression standard is a two-fold improvement in efficiency compared with MPEG-2 •Able to transmit high-definition video at low bit rates using DVB-T (COFDM) with greater range and reliability than systems using HD Quality Video MPEG-2 compression •H.264 is well suited for the real world of ENG Newsgathering from mobile platforms in multipath rich Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared environments. to 100 Mbps source material. DVB-T (COFDM) Bandwidth 1/4 Guard 1/8 Guard 1/16 Guard 1/32 Guard Code QPSK 16 64 QPSK 16 64 QPSK 16 64 QPSK 16 64 Rate QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM QAM 1/2 4.98 9.95 14.93 5.53 11.06 16.59 5.85 11.71 17.56 6.03 12.06 18.10 2/3 6.64 13.27 19.91 7.37 14.75 22.12 7.81 15.61 23.42 8.04 16.09 24.13 3/4 7.46 14.93 22.39 8.29 16.59 24.88 8.78 17.56 26.35 9.05 18.10 27.14 5/6 8.29 16.59 24.88 9.22 18.43 27.65 9.76 19.52 29.27 10.05 20.11 30.16 7/8 8.71 17.42 26.13 9.68 19.35 29.03 10.25 20.49 30.74 10.56 21.11 31.67 Note: Payload data throughput is scaled down by 1/4 for 6 MHz bandwidth systems and by 7/8 for 7 MHz systems COFDM System Numbers - 2 GHz Mode Pout LabThreshold QPSK 1/2 +38 dBm -95.0 dBm QPSK 3/4 +38 dBm -93.0 dBm 16 QAM 1/2 +36 dBm -90.0 dBm 16 QAM 3/4 +36 dBm -86.5 dBm 64 QAM 1/2 +33 dBm -84.5 dBm 64 QAM 3/4 + 33 dBm -78.5 dBm RF Advancements and Improvements • Existing 5W Digital power amplifiers can be replaced with ultra-linear 10W Digital power amps – Provides 3dB additional system gain – Higher MER performance • Pre-Distortion correction for wireless camera systems – Internal feedback circuit to further linearize RF spectral mask LMS-T Advanced Modulation • Link Research designed modulation – Derivative of DVB-T – 9.4MHz spectrum (c.f. 7.61MHz of ‘8MHz’ DVB-T) – LDPC error correction scheme • Overall LMS-T has 65% more throughput than DVB-T (COFDM) and has more robust RF performance • Ideal for HD Wireless Camera systems • Ultra-Low Latency ~20mS Newsgathering Transmission Techniques • Advancements in video encoding technology • Advancements in licensed microwave technology • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions Advancements in Public Access Networks • 3G – Third Generation • Upload speeds ~ 500 Kbps – 1.4 Mbps • 4G – Fourth Generation • Upload speeds ~ 1 - 6 Mbps • LTE – Long Term Evolution • Upload speeds ~ 5 – 7 Mbps • WiFi – wireless local area network • Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps • WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps Advancements in Public Access Networks • 3G – Third Generation • Upload speeds ~ 200 - 800 Kbps • 4G – Fourth Generation • Upload speeds ~ 1 - 5 Mbps • LTE – Long Term Evolution • Upload speeds ~ 8 Mbps • WiFi – wireless local area network • Speeds ~ 300 – 600 Kbps • WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access • Speeds ~ 1 – 4 Mbps Bonded Cellular Transmission • Uses H.264 HD/SD Adaptive Bit Rate (ABR) Encoding to transmit live video via public access networks over the internet • Simultaneously aggregates available bandwidth from multiple cellular network connections – creates a single virtual “high-speed” bandwidth connection • Multiple cellular providers “bonded” together – improves network upload speeds – improves network connection persistence • Can be implemented with various service provider’s modems – 3G, 4G, LTE, WiFi • ABR dynamically adjusts the encoder’s video data rate (typ. Mbps) adapting to the fluctuations characteristic of cellular networks Cellular Video Transmission Workflow Diagram Live Portable Cellular Video Transmission Systems • Live HD/SD – almost anywhere, almost any time • 3G/4G LTE Bonded Cellular Modems • H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding • Dynamic Bandwidth Optimization • WiFi Reception and Transmission • Support for multiple camera interfaces • Support for file transfer • IFB comms • Wireless Edge Device Remote Control • IP Termination Receiver 23 Newsgathering Transmission Techniques • Advancements in video encoding technology • Advancements in licensed microwave technology • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions Advantages & Limitations of Legacy Newsgathering Terrestrial ENG Digital SNG Diversity WCS Advantages Advantages Advantages • High bandwidth (Fat • Unlimited coverage area • Very rapid deployment Pipe) at minimal OPEX • Worldwide spectrum • No expensive vehicles • Rapid deployment access • Good coverage indoors • Wide coverage area • Single to multiple and across densely • Dependable/Reliable distribution points populated city centers Disadvantages Disadvantages • Best option for “moving event” coverage • Requires skilled • Requires very costly operators vehicles Disadvantages • Requires heavyweight • Must pay recurring • Limited coverage area vehicles satellite usage fees • Camera battery powered • Leased receive sites are • Requires skilled • Must own or lease expensive operators receive sites • OneOne-way-way transmissions HD/ SD Newsgathering via Advantages Bonded 3G / 4G Networks • Story acquisition without spectrum licenses, expensive vehicles or costly infrastructure • One button operation • Dispatch non-technical trained Journalists / NLE Freelancers 3G/4G Bonded But • No coverage guarantees HD SDI • 3G/4G bandwidth is limited and asymmetrical • latency can be several seconds Ideal for spot story coverage and fill-in content • Civil authorities may override • Cellular congestion Cellular Video Transmission vs. Licensed Microwave CONS PROS • Variable data rate availability vs. Fixed data throughput • Unpredictable signal strength vs. Relatively stable receive carrier level (RSL) • Unknown “network” availability vs . Pre-determined frequency coordination • Eminent domain black-outs vs. Secure specific user spectrum allocation • Limited to Network accessibility vs . Controlled portable deployment (ENG/SNG) PROS CONS • Lower Capex/Opex vs. Higher Capex and complex/costly infrastructure support • Immediate venue accessibility vs. Scheduled venue event coordination • Inexperienced technical operators vs. Experienced ENG/SNG operators • Portable system design (hand-carry) vs. Larger hardware infrastructure Summary • H.264 (AVC) HD/SD Encoding – Very efficient encoding – roughly half the bandwidth required for same picture quality as MPEG-2 • Advancements in Licensed Microwave – Use of H.264 encoding provides high quality, robust RF transmission/reception – Strive for higher linearity RF components / higher system gain • Advancements in Public Access Networks – Bandwidth and speeds are ever increasing – Bonded Cellular video transmission • Another tool for ENG and OB applications • Dependent upon cellular coverage and infrastructure utilization Where can I see these new solutions in action? Please visit the VISLINK Booth at NAB 2013 to see the Broadcast Industries most versatile solutions to suit any application. We deliver HD quality video anytime, anywhere! Booth C6508 29 Questions? Thank You! Kevin Dennis Regional Sales Manager [email protected] 978-671-5756.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Overcoming Barriers to Providing Mobile Coverage Everywhere
    WHITE PAPER Overcoming Barriers to Providing Mobile Coverage Everywhere Published by © 2018 Introduction New international efforts to tackle digital While connecting the unconnected is an inequality have made expanding broadband important driver for expanding coverage, it’s not infrastructure a global priority. The United the only one. Operators in developing and Nations’ Broadband Commission for Sustainable developed countries are under pressure to build Development recently set ambitious targets for out infrastructure for a variety of business and 2025 to connect the remaining half of the regulatory reasons. Depending on the market, world’s population to the Internet. The goals operator requirements include meeting coverage include a mandate for all countries to establish obligations attached to spectrum licenses, funded national broadband plans, or broadband providing national emergency or disaster universal service requirements, as well as making recovery services, reducing roaming and leased affordable broadband services available in line costs and growing their customer base. developing countries (costing less than 2% of monthly gross national income per capita) by 2025. Mobile Internet connectivity will be key to “Mobile Internet achieving these broadband sustainable development goals that will bring economic and connectivity is key to social benefits to billions of people worldwide. There are two categories of unconnected achieving sustainable people: those that are covered by mobile broadband, 3G or 4G, infrastructure but do not development goals that use Internet services and those with no access to mobile networks at all. According to the will bring economic and GSMA, about 3.3 billion people are covered but not connected, while 1 billion people are not social benefits to billions covered.
    [Show full text]
  • Microwave Receivers with Direct Digitization
    Microwave Receivers with Direct Digitization Dmitri E. Kirichenko, Timur V. Filippov, and Deepnarayan Gupta HYPRES, Elmsford, NY, 10532, U.S.A. Abstract — Superconductor analog-to-digital converters integrated circuit (IC) technology with Niobium (Nb) (ADCs) and ultrafast digital circuitry enable processing of Josephson junctions (JJs), currently offer the best solution. microwave signals entirely in the digital domain. We have Superconductor ICs combine high-linearity, wideband ADCs designed and demonstrated a wide variety of continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulators using Josephson junction [2] and ultrafast digital logic, called rapid single flux quantum comparators. Featuring sampling frequencies up to 30 GHz, (RSFQ). A family of superconductor digital-RF receiver single-chip digital receivers have been demonstrated by (called ADR) chips (Fig. 1), comprising an ADC and a digital connecting a rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) digital circuitry channelizer circuit, performing digital down-conversion and with these ADCs. These receiver chips, cooled to 4 K by cryogen- filtering, have been demonstrated. Notably, a digital-RF free refrigerators, have been used with room-temperature digital processors to demonstrate reception of microwave signals for X- receiver system, comprising a cryocooled ADR chip, was band satellite communications and Link-16 data links. To date, demonstrated reception of live satellite communication signals the highest frequency of direct digitization is 21 GHz for satellite in the X-band (7.25-7.75 GHz) [3]. In this paper, we focus on communication. We report recent advances in ADC design to ADCs for various microwave frequency bands ranging from 1 obtain higher dynamic range. GHz to 21 GHz. Index Terms — Analog-to-digital converter, RSFQ, cryogenic, Digital Output (I) SATCOM.
    [Show full text]
  • Satellite Backhaul Vs Terrestrial Backhaul: a Cost Comparison
    Satellite Backhaul vs Terrestrial Backhaul: A Cost Comparison A perfect storm 3 Network deployment comparison 4 Semi-rural terrestrial backhaul deployment 4 Rural terrestrial backhaul deployment 5 TCO Comparison 6 July 2015 LTE Backhaul over Satellite p. 2 ©2015 Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. A perfect storm The mobile industry and the satellite industry have worked in parallel for decades, occasionally targeting the same market but mostly not. While mobile operators satisfied the vast demand for personalized on- the-move connectivity in population centers, satellite focused on connectivity in remote regions. But then - two phenomena converged. One was that mobile traffic became increasingly data-driven. This meant that the throughput requirements for mobile networks would need to grow exponentially. As the diagram below shows, using the United States as an example, mobile network traffic is expected to double between 2015 and 2017. Figure 1: Mobile Traffic Forecasts The proliferation of data over mobile has spurred the adaption of higher communications standards such as 4G/LTE. While these standards have not yet been implemented everywhere, they are surely on their way, and standards with even higher capacity – 5G and beyond – will follow. At the same time, advances in the satellite industry have slashed the cost of bandwidth. High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) offer significantly increased capacity, reducing bandwidth costs by as much as 70 July 2015 LTE Backhaul over Satellite p. 3 ©2015 Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. percent. This breakthrough has helped position satellite communication as a cost-effective alternative for delivering broadband while reducing operating expenses.
    [Show full text]
  • Where's the Interference? Finding out Helps Improve Wi-Fi Performance
    Newsletter Article Where’s the Interference? Finding Out Helps Improve Wi-Fi Performance and Security What do microwave ovens, cordless phones, and wireless video surveillance cameras have in common? They all can create interference that affects the performance, reliability, and security of a school’s wireless network. “When schools limited their use of Wi-Fi to the library and administration areas, an occasional dropped connection caused by interference from a 2.4 GHz phone or a microwave oven wasn’t much of a problem,” says Sylvia Hooks, senior manager for mobility solutions at Cisco.. “It’s a different story when schools provide campuswide wireless connectivity for students, faculty, and staff.” In fact, many K-12 districts are in the process of expanding their wireless networks to provide high-performance 802.11n wireless for high-speed Internet access, web-based student information systems, and video for classroom learning and district meetings. Quickly Find Interference Sources The complication is that Wi-Fi operates in an unlicensed spectrum, shared by equipment ranging from cordless phones to baby monitors. Until recently, if teachers or students complained about wireless network performance, school IT teams could not readily identify the types and locations of the devices causing the interference, especially if the interference was intermittent. And when IT teams did find the source, which could be as benign as a neighboring building’s wireless network, mitigating the problem took specialized skills and time, both in short supply within school IT teams stretched thin. Easily Visualize Wireless Air Quality Now school IT teams have an easy way to visualize the wireless spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIT -1 Microwave Spectrum and Bands-Characteristics Of
    UNIT -1 Microwave spectrum and bands-characteristics of microwaves-a typical microwave system. Traditional, industrial and biomedical applications of microwaves. Microwave hazards.S-matrix – significance, formulation and properties.S-matrix representation of a multi port network, S-matrix of a two port network with mismatched load. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Microwaves are electromagnetic waves (EM) with wavelengths ranging from 10cm to 1mm. The corresponding frequency range is 30Ghz (=109 Hz) to 300Ghz (=1011 Hz) . This means microwave frequencies are upto infrared and visible-light regions. The microwaves frequencies span the following three major bands at the highest end of RF spectrum. i) Ultra high frequency (UHF) 0.3 to 3 Ghz ii) Super high frequency (SHF) 3 to 30 Ghz iii) Extra high frequency (EHF) 30 to 300 Ghz Most application of microwave technology make use of frequencies in the 1 to 40 Ghz range. During world war II , microwave engineering became a very essential consideration for the development of high resolution radars capable of detecting and locating enemy planes and ships through a Narrow beam of EM energy. The common characteristics of microwave device are the negative resistance that can be used for microwave oscillation and amplification. Fig 1.1 Electromagnetic spectrum 1.2 MICROWAVE SYSTEM A microwave system normally consists of a transmitter subsystems, including a microwave oscillator, wave guides and a transmitting antenna, and a receiver subsystem that includes a receiving antenna, transmission line or wave guide, a microwave amplifier, and a receiver. Reflex Klystron, gunn diode, Traveling wave tube, and magnetron are used as a microwave sources.
    [Show full text]
  • DVB-S2 Modem SK-IP / SK-DV / SK-TS
    Visit us at www.work-microwave.de DVB-S2 Modem SK-IP / SK-DV / SK-TS WORK Microwave’s high-speed DVB-S2 IP modem filters and amplifiers of satellites by automatically SK-IP provides operators with a platform for compensating for linear and non linear distortions. transferring IP/Ethernet data over DVB-S2 satellite Subsequently the satellite link can be operated with connections. Ethernet frames and IP packets are less back off/higher power and a higher signal-to- encapsulated directly within DVB-S2 baseband noise ratio increases beam coverage ensuring higher frames, resulting in low encapsulation overhead. throughput and availability for the satellite operator. In order to achieve speeds up to 356 Mbit/s, only the fastest and most bandwidth efficient encapsulation Flexible RF connectivity and modulation parameters are supported. For The modulator provides the modulated signal from 50 maximum bandwidth efficiency and ease of operation to 180 MHz IF or at L-band. With the L-band output, a the device uses Generic Stream Encapsulation 10 MHz reference signal for a block upconverter can according to TS 102 606 and Multiprotocol be enabled on the TX port, as well as DC power 24 V Encapsulation according to EN 301 192. or 48 V (Option DC24 or DC48). The modem SK-TS is used for transmitting and The demodulator accepts an L-band signal in the receiving signals as MPEG transport streams. DVB-S range from 950 to 2150 MHz on two inputs or as well as DVB-S2 modulation types are supported. alternatively an IF signal in the range from 50 to 180 MHz on a single input.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROWAVE OVEN SIGNAL INTERFERENCE and MITIGATION for WI-FI COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Tanim M
    MICROWAVE OVEN SIGNAL INTERFERENCE AND MITIGATION FOR WI-FI COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Tanim M. Taher, Matthew J. Misurac, Joseph L. LoCicero, Donald R. Ucci Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago, IL 60616 Email: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT magnetron tuned to approximately 2.45 GHz (the commercial MWO uses two magnetrons), and typically The MicroWave Oven (MWO) is a commonly available radiates across the entire Wi-Fi spectrum. This device appliance that does not transmit data, but still radiates emits electromagnetic Radio Frequency (RF) power that, signals in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and when operating simultaneously and in proximity to Wi-Fi Medical (ISM) band. The MWO thus acts as an devices, can cause data loss [3] and even connection unintentional interferer for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Fidelity termination. For this reason, the common residential (Wi-Fi) communication signals. An analytic model of the MWO is the most critical application to investigate with MWO signal is developed and studied in this paper. Based the goal of interference mitigation through the use of on this model, an interference mitigation technique is cognitive radio. developed that incorporates cognitive radio paradigms allowing Wi-Fi devices to reliably transmit information In this paper, an improved analytical model for the MWO while a residential MWO is operating. This technique is signal is proposed, simulated, and emulated. The applied in the experimental case where Barker spread analytical model is key to fully understanding the Wi-Fi signals carry data in the presence of MWO interference process and this model is useful in wireless emissions.
    [Show full text]
  • Microwave Point-To-Point Systems in 4G Wireless Networks and Beyond
    Microwave Point-to-Point Systems in 4G Wireless Networks and Beyond Harvey Lehpamer 1. Introduction As wireless carriers start to move towards 4G mobile technology, it is placing huge demands on their backhaul infrastructure. The multiple, high-bandwidth, quality-sensitive services that carriers have planned for 4G technology requires an infrastructure that is packet-based, scalable and resilient, as well as cost- effective to install, operate and manage. Network physical links configuration and mediums used to connect nodes are some of most important problems of mobile communication network planning because they will determine the long-term performance and service quality of networks. We should not forget the fact that most of the traffic between the users on a wireless network still goes over some type of wireline transmission network (fiber, copper) and only the last few to a few hundred feet to the end-subscriber are really and truly wireless. Transmission network could also be designed using wireless backhaul i.e. microwave links. In this paper we will focus on challenges wireless companies and their transmission engineers are facing in order to meet the capacity, reliability, performance, speed of deployment, and cost challenges in microwave point-to-point networks. Microwave networks, although very popular in the rest of the word, only recently have become a topic of interest in North American wireless networks. A reason for that is that so far Telco operators were able to provide T1 circuits (so-called leased T1 lines) in many places of interest to wireless operators; lately, requirements have changed and capacity requirements are becoming one of the main driving forces in searching for alternatives, namely – microwave systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System Based on a Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Array
    energies Article Microwave Wireless Power Transfer System Based on a Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna Array Haiyue Wang , Lianwen Deng , Heng Luo * , Junsa Du, Daohan Zhou and Shengxiang Huang School of Physcis and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (L.D.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (D.Z.); [email protected] (S.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-139-7585-1402 Abstract: The microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) technology has found a variety of appli- cations in consumer electronics, medical implants and sensor networks. Here, instead of a magnetic resonant coupling wireless power transfer (MRCWPT) system, a novel MWPT system based on a frequency reconfigurable (covering the S-band and C-band) microstrip patch antenna array is proposed for the first time. By switching the bias voltage-dependent capacitance value of the varactor diode between the larger main microstrip patch and the smaller side microstrip patch, the working frequency band of the MWPT system can be switched between the S-band and the C-band. Specifi- cally, the operated frequencies of the antenna array vary continuously within a wide range from 3.41 to 3.96 GHz and 5.7 to 6.3 GHz. For the adjustable range of frequencies, the return loss of the antenna array is less than −15 dB at the resonant frequency. The gain of the frequency reconfigurable antenna array is above 6 dBi at different working frequencies. Simulation results verified by experimental results have shown that power transfer efficiency (PTE) of the MWPT system stays above 20% at different frequencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Over the Range Microwave
    MICROWAVE OVEN Installation Guide and Users Manual Registering Your Product Please register your ZLINE appliance to activate your warranty. Begin the simple registration process by scanning the QR code. By registering your appliance, you will have access to: • Technical Support • Warranty Service • Tracking your support inquiries ZLINE is fueled by a passion for innovation; A relentless pursuit of bringing the highest end luxury designs and professional features into everyone's homes. Because we continually strive to improve our products, we may change specifications and designs without prior notice. WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including nickel, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov. Combining precise, high performance technology with seamless integration, the ZLINE Microwave Oven is an elite upgrade for a professional kitchen suite. Experience optimal results for every dish with 11 different power levels, utilizing regular heat, broil, or convection cooking elements. Premium cooking features include multi-stage cooking technology, sensor cooking, express cooking, and multiple auto-defrost. Have peace of mind in a busy kitchen with the integrated child lock safety feature. Enjoy a modern, yet versatile built-in installation and superior cooking with the ZLINE Microwave Oven. Warranty COVERAGE ZLINE Kitchen and Bath microwave parts will be warrantied for two years from the original purchase date for the original purchaser of the product. TERMS This warranty applies only to the original purchaser of the product installed for normal residential use. This is defined as a single-family, residential dwelling in a non-commercial setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Gan HEMT for Microwave Wireless Communications
    INFORMATION & COMMUNICATIONS Development of GaN HEMT for Microwave Wireless Communications Shinya MIZUNO*, Fumio YAMADA, Hiroshi YAMAMOTO, Makoto NISHIHARA, Takashi YAMAMOTO and Seigo SANO High-power broadband devices are increasingly required for microwave wireless communication such as terrestrial and satellite communication over 6 GHz (e.g., C-band). Thus far, GaAs devices have been used in these communication systems, however, the properties of GaAs are insufficient to meet the high-power broadband requirements. To address this challenge, we have focused on the superior physical properties of GaN. Based on our GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology for cellular base stations (e.g., L/S-band), we have developed a GaN HEMT applicable for the C-band, which is commonly used for microwave wireless communication. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the GaN HEMT and a 20 W-class internally-matched broadband device equipped with the GaN HEMT. Keywords: GaN HEMT, microwave, wireless, amplifier, broadband 1. Introduction more than 8 versions of GaAs devices are required, because the conventional GaAs devices have very narrow band per- Gallium Nitride (GaN) devices are desirable for the formance of approximately 1 GHz bandwidth at 10 GHz. application of high-power and high-speed operation elec- In contrast, the high-power device using GaN HEMTs tron devices because of their excellent properties such as accomplished 60 W radio frequency (RF) output power in large energy band gap and high saturated electron velocity. 1 GHz bandwidth(1). Hence, the GaN HEMT has superior We have already developed and produced GaN HEMTs*1 characteristics in high power and broadband capability on SiC substrate targeting the frequency range of L/S-band than GaAs devices.
    [Show full text]
  • An Improved Cloud Gap-Filling Method for Longwave Infrared Land Surface Temperatures Through Introducing Passive Microwave Techniques
    remote sensing Article An Improved Cloud Gap-Filling Method for Longwave Infrared Land Surface Temperatures through Introducing Passive Microwave Techniques Thomas P. F. Dowling 1 , Peilin Song 2,* , Mark C. De Jong 1, Lutz Merbold 3,† , Martin J. Wooster 1 , Jingfeng Huang 4 and Yongqiang Zhang 2 1 National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Department of Geography, King’s College London, London WC2B 4BG, UK; [email protected] (T.P.F.D.); [email protected] (M.C.D.J.); [email protected] (M.J.W.) 2 Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; [email protected] 3 Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi P.O. Box 30709, Kenya; [email protected] 4 Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † Now at Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology & Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland. Abstract: Satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) data are most commonly observed in the longwave infrared (LWIR) spectral region. However, such data suffer frequent gaps in coverage Citation: Dowling, T.P.F.; Song, P.; caused by cloud cover. Filling these ‘cloud gaps’ usually relies on statistical re-constructions using Jong, M.C.D.; Merbold, L.; Wooster, proximal clear sky LST pixels, whilst this is often a poor surrogate for shadowed LSTs insulated under M.J.; Huang, J.; Zhang, Y. An cloud. Another solution is to rely on passive microwave (PM) LST data that are largely unimpeded Improved Cloud Gap-Filling Method by cloud cover impacts, the quality of which, however, is limited by the very coarse spatial resolution for Longwave Infrared Land Surface typical of PM signals.
    [Show full text]