L-Band Soil Moisture Retrievals Using Microwave Based Temperature and Filtering
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Newsgathering Transmission Techniques
NEWSGATHERING TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES Ennes Workshop – Miami, FL March 8, 2013 Kevin Dennis Regional Sales Manager 2 Vislink is Built on a Firm Foundation 3 Presentation Outline • Advancements in video encoding technology – H.264 versus MPEG-2 • Advancements in licensed microwave technology – Implementing HD/SD H.264 encoding – Modulation, FEC, high power Linear Amps • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) – 3G, 4G, LTE, WiMax – HD/SD Bonded Cellular Video Transmission • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions Newsgathering Transmission Techniques • Advancements in video encoding technology • Advancements in licensed microwave technology • Advancements in bandwidth capacity of public access networks (Cellular and Wi-Fi) • Comparison of strengths and weaknesses of licensed microwave transmission versus public network transmissions H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC / Part10) versus MPEG-2 • H.264/MPEG-4 AVC is a block-oriented motion-compensation based codec standard • First version of the standard was completed in 2003 • H.264 video compression is significantly more efficient than MPEG-2 encoding providing two-fold improvement as compared to MPEG-2 • H.264 HD encoding not excessively expensive to implement as compared to first MPEG-2 encoders H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2 H.264 is approximately twice as efficient as MPEG-2 Video quality comparison of H.264 (solid blue line with squares) and MPEG-2 (dotted red line with circles) as a function of bit rate compared to 100 Mbps source material. H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. MPEG-2 Low Motion Video - there is very little video quality difference between H.264 and MPEG-2 Video Images posted by Jan Ozer, Video Technology Instructor H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) vs. -
Overcoming Barriers to Providing Mobile Coverage Everywhere
WHITE PAPER Overcoming Barriers to Providing Mobile Coverage Everywhere Published by © 2018 Introduction New international efforts to tackle digital While connecting the unconnected is an inequality have made expanding broadband important driver for expanding coverage, it’s not infrastructure a global priority. The United the only one. Operators in developing and Nations’ Broadband Commission for Sustainable developed countries are under pressure to build Development recently set ambitious targets for out infrastructure for a variety of business and 2025 to connect the remaining half of the regulatory reasons. Depending on the market, world’s population to the Internet. The goals operator requirements include meeting coverage include a mandate for all countries to establish obligations attached to spectrum licenses, funded national broadband plans, or broadband providing national emergency or disaster universal service requirements, as well as making recovery services, reducing roaming and leased affordable broadband services available in line costs and growing their customer base. developing countries (costing less than 2% of monthly gross national income per capita) by 2025. Mobile Internet connectivity will be key to “Mobile Internet achieving these broadband sustainable development goals that will bring economic and connectivity is key to social benefits to billions of people worldwide. There are two categories of unconnected achieving sustainable people: those that are covered by mobile broadband, 3G or 4G, infrastructure but do not development goals that use Internet services and those with no access to mobile networks at all. According to the will bring economic and GSMA, about 3.3 billion people are covered but not connected, while 1 billion people are not social benefits to billions covered. -
Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on Behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1
Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Spectrum and the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry Prepared by Strand Consulting on behalf of the Satellite Industry Association1 1 AT&T, a member of SIA, does not necessarily endorse all conclusions of this study. Page 1 of 75 Spectrum & the Technological Transformation of the Satellite Industry 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ................................................................................................ 1 2. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 4 2.1. What the satellite industry does for the U.S. today ............................................... 4 2.2. What the satellite industry offers going forward ................................................... 4 2.3. Innovation in the satellite industry ........................................................................ 5 3. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Overview .................................................................................................................. 7 3.2. Spectrum Basics ...................................................................................................... 8 3.3. Satellite Industry Segments .................................................................................... 9 3.3.1. Satellite Communications .............................................................................. -
Microwave Receivers with Direct Digitization
Microwave Receivers with Direct Digitization Dmitri E. Kirichenko, Timur V. Filippov, and Deepnarayan Gupta HYPRES, Elmsford, NY, 10532, U.S.A. Abstract — Superconductor analog-to-digital converters integrated circuit (IC) technology with Niobium (Nb) (ADCs) and ultrafast digital circuitry enable processing of Josephson junctions (JJs), currently offer the best solution. microwave signals entirely in the digital domain. We have Superconductor ICs combine high-linearity, wideband ADCs designed and demonstrated a wide variety of continuous-time bandpass delta-sigma modulators using Josephson junction [2] and ultrafast digital logic, called rapid single flux quantum comparators. Featuring sampling frequencies up to 30 GHz, (RSFQ). A family of superconductor digital-RF receiver single-chip digital receivers have been demonstrated by (called ADR) chips (Fig. 1), comprising an ADC and a digital connecting a rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) digital circuitry channelizer circuit, performing digital down-conversion and with these ADCs. These receiver chips, cooled to 4 K by cryogen- filtering, have been demonstrated. Notably, a digital-RF free refrigerators, have been used with room-temperature digital processors to demonstrate reception of microwave signals for X- receiver system, comprising a cryocooled ADR chip, was band satellite communications and Link-16 data links. To date, demonstrated reception of live satellite communication signals the highest frequency of direct digitization is 21 GHz for satellite in the X-band (7.25-7.75 GHz) [3]. In this paper, we focus on communication. We report recent advances in ADC design to ADCs for various microwave frequency bands ranging from 1 obtain higher dynamic range. GHz to 21 GHz. Index Terms — Analog-to-digital converter, RSFQ, cryogenic, Digital Output (I) SATCOM. -
Airborne L-Band Radio Frequency Interference Observations from the SMAPVEX08 Campaign and Associated Flights James Park, Student Member, IEEE, J
This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 1 Airborne L-Band Radio Frequency Interference Observations From the SMAPVEX08 Campaign and Associated Flights James Park, Student Member, IEEE, J. T. Johnson, Fellow, IEEE, Ninoslav Majurec, Noppasin Niamsuwan, Member, IEEE, Jeffrey R. Piepmeier, Member, IEEE, Priscilla N. Mohammed, Member, IEEE, Christopher S. Ruf, Fellow, IEEE, Sidharth Misra, Simon H. Yueh, Fellow, IEEE, and Steve J. Dinardo, Member, IEEE Abstract—Statistics of radio frequency interference (RFI) ob- The current experience of significant RFI corruption of the served in the band 1398–1422 MHz during an airborne campaign observations of the SMOS radiometer [8], as well as the up- in the United States are reported for use in analysis and forecasting coming deployment of the Aquarius and SMAP missions [11], of L-band RFI for microwave radiometry. The observations were [12] motivate studies of the properties of the RFI environment conducted from September to October 2008, and included approx- imately 92 h of flight time, of which approximately 20 h of “tran- as well as the performance of a variety of RFI detection and sit” or dedicated RFI observing flights are used in compiling the mitigation approaches. statistics presented. The observations used include outbound and A recent work [7] has reported results from an airborne return flights from Colorado to Maryland, as well as RFI surveys L-band RFI observing system in Europe and Australia. The over large cities. The Passive Active L-Band Sensor (PALS) ra- hardware utilized in [7] was capable of implementing algo- diometer of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory augmented by three rithms for pulsed RFI detection using either a “pulse” or a dedicated RFI observing systems was used in these observations. -
A Layman's Interpretation Guide L-Band and C-Band Synthetic
A Layman’s Interpretation Guide to L-band and C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar data Version 2.0 15 November, 2018 Table of Contents 1 About this guide .................................................................................................................................... 2 2 Briefly about Synthetic Aperture Radar ......................................................................................... 2 2.1 The radar wavelength .................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Polarisation ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Radar backscatter ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3.1 Sigma-nought .................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.3.2 Gamma-nought ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2.4 Backscatter mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 4 2.4.1 Direct backscatter ......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.4.2 Forward scattering ...................................................................................................................................... -
DVB-SCENE Issue 21 Lo Res.Indd
Edition No.21 March 2007 DVB-SCENE Tune in to Digital Convergence Tune 21 The Standard for the Digital World I want This issue’s highlights > Convergence Utopia > IPTV Analysis & Update my > HDTV Update > Future Focus on DVB-T > DVB-H Interoperability > Introducing DVB-SH > A Look at Latin America > Market Watch IPTV Unique Broadband Systems Ltd. is the world’s leading designer and manufacturer of complete DVB-T/H system solutions for Mobile Media Operators and Broadcasters DVB-H IP Encapsulator DVB-T/H Gateway DVE 6000 DVE 7000 / DVE-R 7000 What makes DVE 6000 the best product on the market today? The DVE 7000 DVB-H Satellite Gateway is the core of highly optimized, efficient and cost effective mobile Dynamic Time SlicingTM Technique delivering DVB-H architecture. A single DVE 7000 device unprecedented bandwidth utilization and processes, distributes and manages global and local network efficiency (Statistical Multiplexing) content grouped in packages to multiple remote SFN DVB-SCENE : 02 Internal SI/PSI table editor, parser, compiler & MFN networks through a satellite link and drasti- and generator (UBS SI/PSI TDL) cally improves satellite link efficiency. The DVE-R 7000 Internal SFN Adapter satellite receiver demultiplexes the content specific to it’s location. Internal stream recorder and player IP DVB-S2 ASI Single compact unit DVE-R 7000 SFN1 DVE 6000 NetManager Application MODULATOR 1 SFN3 SFN2 MODULATOR 3 DVB-T/H Modulator MODULATOR 2 DVM 5000 Fully DVB-H Compliant 30 MHz to 1 GHz RF Output (L-band version available) Web Browser -
Satellite Backhaul Vs Terrestrial Backhaul: a Cost Comparison
Satellite Backhaul vs Terrestrial Backhaul: A Cost Comparison A perfect storm 3 Network deployment comparison 4 Semi-rural terrestrial backhaul deployment 4 Rural terrestrial backhaul deployment 5 TCO Comparison 6 July 2015 LTE Backhaul over Satellite p. 2 ©2015 Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. A perfect storm The mobile industry and the satellite industry have worked in parallel for decades, occasionally targeting the same market but mostly not. While mobile operators satisfied the vast demand for personalized on- the-move connectivity in population centers, satellite focused on connectivity in remote regions. But then - two phenomena converged. One was that mobile traffic became increasingly data-driven. This meant that the throughput requirements for mobile networks would need to grow exponentially. As the diagram below shows, using the United States as an example, mobile network traffic is expected to double between 2015 and 2017. Figure 1: Mobile Traffic Forecasts The proliferation of data over mobile has spurred the adaption of higher communications standards such as 4G/LTE. While these standards have not yet been implemented everywhere, they are surely on their way, and standards with even higher capacity – 5G and beyond – will follow. At the same time, advances in the satellite industry have slashed the cost of bandwidth. High-Throughput Satellites (HTS) offer significantly increased capacity, reducing bandwidth costs by as much as 70 July 2015 LTE Backhaul over Satellite p. 3 ©2015 Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. percent. This breakthrough has helped position satellite communication as a cost-effective alternative for delivering broadband while reducing operating expenses. -
Where's the Interference? Finding out Helps Improve Wi-Fi Performance
Newsletter Article Where’s the Interference? Finding Out Helps Improve Wi-Fi Performance and Security What do microwave ovens, cordless phones, and wireless video surveillance cameras have in common? They all can create interference that affects the performance, reliability, and security of a school’s wireless network. “When schools limited their use of Wi-Fi to the library and administration areas, an occasional dropped connection caused by interference from a 2.4 GHz phone or a microwave oven wasn’t much of a problem,” says Sylvia Hooks, senior manager for mobility solutions at Cisco.. “It’s a different story when schools provide campuswide wireless connectivity for students, faculty, and staff.” In fact, many K-12 districts are in the process of expanding their wireless networks to provide high-performance 802.11n wireless for high-speed Internet access, web-based student information systems, and video for classroom learning and district meetings. Quickly Find Interference Sources The complication is that Wi-Fi operates in an unlicensed spectrum, shared by equipment ranging from cordless phones to baby monitors. Until recently, if teachers or students complained about wireless network performance, school IT teams could not readily identify the types and locations of the devices causing the interference, especially if the interference was intermittent. And when IT teams did find the source, which could be as benign as a neighboring building’s wireless network, mitigating the problem took specialized skills and time, both in short supply within school IT teams stretched thin. Easily Visualize Wireless Air Quality Now school IT teams have an easy way to visualize the wireless spectrum. -
Wide-Band, Low-Frequency Pulse Profiles of 100 Radio Pulsars With
A&A 586, A92 (2016) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425196 & c ESO 2016 Astrophysics Wide-band, low-frequency pulse profiles of 100 radio pulsars with LOFAR M. Pilia1,2, J. W. T. Hessels1,3,B.W.Stappers4, V. I. Kondratiev1,5,M.Kramer6,4, J. van Leeuwen1,3, P. Weltevrede4, A. G. Lyne4,K.Zagkouris7, T. E. Hassall8,A.V.Bilous9,R.P.Breton8,H.Falcke9,1, J.-M. Grießmeier10,11, E. Keane12,13, A. Karastergiou7 , M. Kuniyoshi14, A. Noutsos6, S. Osłowski15,6, M. Serylak16, C. Sobey1, S. ter Veen9, A. Alexov17, J. Anderson18, A. Asgekar1,19,I.M.Avruch20,21,M.E.Bell22,M.J.Bentum1,23,G.Bernardi24, L. Bîrzan25, A. Bonafede26, F. Breitling27,J.W.Broderick7,8, M. Brüggen26,B.Ciardi28,S.Corbel29,11,E.deGeus1,30, A. de Jong1,A.Deller1,S.Duscha1,J.Eislöffel31,R.A.Fallows1, R. Fender7, C. Ferrari32, W. Frieswijk1, M. A. Garrett1,25,A.W.Gunst1, J. P. Hamaker1, G. Heald1, A. Horneffer6, P. Jonker20, E. Juette33, G. Kuper1, P. Maat1, G. Mann27,S.Markoff3, R. McFadden1, D. McKay-Bukowski34,35, J. C. A. Miller-Jones36, A. Nelles9, H. Paas37, M. Pandey-Pommier38, M. Pietka7,R.Pizzo1,A.G.Polatidis1,W.Reich6, H. Röttgering25, A. Rowlinson22, D. Schwarz15,O.Smirnov39,40, M. Steinmetz27,A.Stewart7, J. D. Swinbank41,M.Tagger10,Y.Tang1, C. Tasse42, S. Thoudam9,M.C.Toribio1,A.J.vanderHorst3,R.Vermeulen1,C.Vocks27, R. J. van Weeren24, R. A. M. J. Wijers3, R. Wijnands3, S. J. Wijnholds1,O.Wucknitz6,andP.Zarka42 (Affiliations can be found after the references) Received 20 October 2014 / Accepted 18 September 2015 ABSTRACT Context. -
UNIT -1 Microwave Spectrum and Bands-Characteristics Of
UNIT -1 Microwave spectrum and bands-characteristics of microwaves-a typical microwave system. Traditional, industrial and biomedical applications of microwaves. Microwave hazards.S-matrix – significance, formulation and properties.S-matrix representation of a multi port network, S-matrix of a two port network with mismatched load. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Microwaves are electromagnetic waves (EM) with wavelengths ranging from 10cm to 1mm. The corresponding frequency range is 30Ghz (=109 Hz) to 300Ghz (=1011 Hz) . This means microwave frequencies are upto infrared and visible-light regions. The microwaves frequencies span the following three major bands at the highest end of RF spectrum. i) Ultra high frequency (UHF) 0.3 to 3 Ghz ii) Super high frequency (SHF) 3 to 30 Ghz iii) Extra high frequency (EHF) 30 to 300 Ghz Most application of microwave technology make use of frequencies in the 1 to 40 Ghz range. During world war II , microwave engineering became a very essential consideration for the development of high resolution radars capable of detecting and locating enemy planes and ships through a Narrow beam of EM energy. The common characteristics of microwave device are the negative resistance that can be used for microwave oscillation and amplification. Fig 1.1 Electromagnetic spectrum 1.2 MICROWAVE SYSTEM A microwave system normally consists of a transmitter subsystems, including a microwave oscillator, wave guides and a transmitting antenna, and a receiver subsystem that includes a receiving antenna, transmission line or wave guide, a microwave amplifier, and a receiver. Reflex Klystron, gunn diode, Traveling wave tube, and magnetron are used as a microwave sources. -
Mobile TV Technologies Zahid Ghadialy March 2006
Mobile TV Technologies Zahid Ghadialy March 2006 © 2006 Zahid Ghadialy What is Mobile TV Mobile TV Broadcasting allows the user to watch their favourite TV programs such as dramas, news, music, sports and documentaries on their mobile device. The service works by receiving a specialised digital TV broadcast signal from the air in much the same way as televisions at home will do in future. Channel guides will also be broadcast allowing users to keep abreast of the latest programs on air. It is not the same as a streaming video service over 3G or GPRS, but one which is optimised for longer period TV viewing by large numbers of simultaneous users with high picture quality and low battery power consumption. Mobile TV Technologies BCMCS: BroadCast MultiCast Services (3GPP2) DVB-H: Digital Video Braodcasting-Handheld (ETSI) ISDB-T: Integrated Service Digital Broadcasting – Terrestrial (ARIB) T-DMB: Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (Korean Standard) MediaFLO: Media Forward Link Only (Qualcomm proprietary) MBMS is not Mobile TV MBMS uses existing 3G Spectrum whereas Mobile TV needs new frequency spectrum Channel switching is faster using Mobile TV technologies compared to MBMS Very little number of channels using MBMS are possible as compared to Mobile TV technologies Battery life is much less if MBMS is used as compared to Mobile TV technologies Higher coverage possible with Mobile TV technologies Mobile TV Technologies In Depth Analysis Qualcomm has pulled together The FLO Forum, (Forward Link Only) which is pushing to standardize this Qualcomm’s technology for transmitting multimedia content to mobile devices. MediaFLO Qualcomm proprietary It uses unidirectional COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Its under the process of standardisation Interested parties include LG, Sanyo, Sharp, Huawei In US, MediaFLO will deliver 29 channels on TV channel 55.