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Oil Resources of Peru

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Oil Resources of Peru 1038 01I, RESOURCES OF PERU Oil Resources of Peru By V. F. MARSTERS, KANSAS CITY, Mo. Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/TRANS/article-pdf/68/01/1038/2177254/spe-923038-g.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 (New York Meeting, February, 1922) PERU has produced petroleum since the early seventies, the first work being in the Zorritos field, in the Province of Tumbes, adjoining Ecuador. In the early nineties, the Negritos field, in the Department of Piura, <'allle into prominence, and by 1905 had attained an annual production of 335,160 bbl. The early development of the field was under the general direction of the London & Paeific Petroleum Co., but it is now handled by the International Petroleum Co. In 1900 and 1901, the Lobitos field became the scene of marked aetivity. In 1905, its total production amounted to 75,000 bhl.; it has continued to increase, as has Negritos. From 1897 to 1902, there was prospecting in the region of La Brieta (or Fernandez), on the Mancora River, about 25 to 30 km. from the coast. Small production of a heavy oil was obtained from three different sands. 80 far as the author knows, no work has been done in that locality since 1902. There are thus four distinct fields in the north end of the Peruvian ('oastal plain. The remaining productive locality of Peru is the Pirin or Pusi field, at the northwest end of Lake Titicaca, Department of PUI10, in southern Peru. The first prospecting near Pusi was done by Brown Brothers, of Los Angeles, Calif., who ohtained modest production about 1906 i accord­ ing to reports, activities ceased about 1914 or 1915. The maximum annual production was obtained about 1908, estimated at 76,000 barrek Peru possesses two distinct geographic provinces in which we may look for the development of a larger oil industrYi namrly, the coastal plain province, and the inter-Andean plains. COASTAL PLAIN PROVINCE The coastal province is most prominently developed in the Province of Tumbes and the Drpartments of Piura, and Lalllbayeque.! It 1 For details concerning the geology of this part of Peru, see Bol. No. 50, Cuerpo de IngpnieroR de Minas" Informp prplimillar sohrp In Zona Pptrolifpra del Norte del Pem," pOl' V. 1". 11arst('rs. V. F. MARSTERS 1039 continues north into Ecuador, and southward nearly to the north boun­ dary of the Department of Li bertad. I ts maximum width is attained be­ tween Cerro del Yllesca on the coast and Morropon on the interior edge of the plain. A short distance south of River Cana, the foot-hills of the Andes reach the coast. The south half of the north sector occupies a broad embayment with a few outliers of the Andes dotting the shore line, while the north half represents the inner rim of the coastal plain extending into Ecuador. Farther southeast the foot-hills of the Andes reach the coast. Wherever the main transverse valleys are well developed, their lower ends Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/TRANS/article-pdf/68/01/1038/2177254/spe-923038-g.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 are V-shaped embayments partly filled by tertiary sediments. A partly marine-filled embayment of this type is found on the Jequetepeque River, which may be designated as the Pacasmayo embayment. Below this are the Chicama and Moche valleys, likewise partly filled by marine sediments, which may be designated as the Chicama and Trujillo embayments. Similar conditions occur, but on a much smaller scale, at Chimbote, Casma, and HUal'llley. From Haucho to the south side of the Rimac embayment is a group of little valleys connected by a narrow coastal rim. Lima stands near the inner apex of the Rimac delta. Marine sediments occur in the Lima embayment; similar, but smaller, embay­ ments are also found between the Rimac and the Chincha Rivers. From Chincha to Atiquipa is the central sector of Peruvian coastal plain. 2 Along the shoreward edge, as well as in sub-central locations, there are pre-Tertiary formations projecting through Tertiary sands and clays. At Paracas there are well-defined Carboniferous strata, but the interior hills are made up of Cretaceous and older rocks. The part of this sector of special interest is that between the lower part of the lea River on the northwest and Nasca and Porthachuela on the southeast. The south sector of the Peruvian coastal plain extendt:! from Chala southeast into Chile, beyond the Sarna River. The outstanding geo­ graphic feature of the south sector is that the present coast is occupied mostly by a small coastal pre-Tertiary ridge. Between it and the foot­ hills of the Andes is a plain varying in width from 20 to 60 kilometers. Stratigraphy oj Coastal Plain The south sector shows considerable variation in stratigraphy. The south part, along the border of Chile, is made up largely of Tertiary 2 For details on central and south sector of the coastal plain see BoI. No. 59, "Dos Informes sobre Ho, Moguegrea e lea," and No. 70, "lnforme sobre la Costa Sur del Peru," por. V. F. Marsters. 1040 OIL RESOURCES OF PICRU sands and clays. Thc central and north part, however, shows a mass of lava flows interbedded with sands and clays; this feature is particularly well shown in sections from Vitor to Mollendo. They also continue to the north. Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/TRANS/article-pdf/68/01/1038/2177254/spe-923038-g.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 , I J I +I sf--- j- o [~~~ ProdUO,r;o ,~:(;>,~j~~ @-Oil Indlc'::,flonc f2Q CoasA-t/ Plow; o 20 40 60 50 IO':} f" I --...I::::: ~ __--'-..'J--,O I I __ I _ i I 8\ - --_. --~o --It- 15 11 15 - -ts 14 FIG. I.-PRODUCING OIL FIELDS AND OTHER KNOWN PROSPECTS OF PERU. The plains on the south end of this sector lie from 100 to 500 ft. (30-152 m.) above sea level, while the north end of the south sector, on its nner edge, rises more than 1000 ft. (305 m.) above sea level. In the central sector, extending from Chineha on the north to A(i- v. F. MARSTERS 1041 quipa on the south, LIte formations entering into the body of the coastal plain are entirely sedimentary and composed of sands, clays, and local conglomerates, which attain their greatest thickness between the lower part of the lca River and the Grande River, and Pampa de Tunga on the south. Asphaltic sands are known to exist on the lower part of the lca River, and likewise limestones in the Nasca-Portachuela were found to possess a strong petroleum odor upon fresh fracture. The limestones are doubtfully Cretaceous. Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/TRANS/article-pdf/68/01/1038/2177254/spe-923038-g.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 '/ /\. .PUSIOIL FIELD FIG. 2.-LAKE TITICACA REGION SHOWING LOCATION OF PUBI OIL FIELD. Although the north half of the central sector is thought generally to possess a comparatively thin series of Tertiary strata, it is not improbable that a large body of sediments may be found in the region of Pampa de Chunchanga. The Pampa de Pisco is covered with a thin coat of Tertiary sediments. Two of the many embayments existing between Chincha and the south end of the north sector of the coastal plain that deserve reference are the Trujuillo-Chicama and the Pacasmayo embayments. The greater part of the Moche River area (Trujillo) is covered by VOL. LXVm.-66 1042 OIL RESOURCES OF PEnu fiuviatile, post-Tertiary deposits; only on the outer edge may Tertiary clays be seen. The Trujillo area is connected by a narrow strip of coastal plain with the much larger Chicama embayment. This area also is almost completely covered by fluviatile post-Tertiary deposits, but Tertiary clays and sands are exposed at a few places on the shore line. Doubtless a considerable body of Tertiary sediments exists on the shore line of this embayment. One deep well has been drilled on the area for water, in which the occurrence of asphaltic sands was reported. The Pacasmayo embayment is covered mainly by recent alluvium; Downloaded from http://onepetro.org/TRANS/article-pdf/68/01/1038/2177254/spe-923038-g.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 in only a few places along the shore may Tertiary sediments be seen. The large number of pre-Tertiary outliers suggest that no great thickness of Tertiary sediments may be expected, except near the shore of the Pampa de Charcapr. North Coastal Sector3 The Pacasmayo embayment connects northward, by a very narrow strip of coastal plain, with the north sector, which is the only important oil-producing part of the coastal plain. This area begins to widen in the region of the Sana River and reaches its greatest width between Cerro dpj Yllesca and Morropon or Chulacanas. The Chira River lies on the north side of the main embayment. Facing the Cerros de Amotape the inner rim of a half-drowned coastal plain passes into Ecuador. The north sector has the greatest development of Tertiary strata known in Peru. The upper member of the Tertiary is recognized on the plains behind the town of Pyta (or Paita) and consists of clays, sands, and lenses of conglomerate. These reappear in the table lands northeast of Lobitos, and likewise are recognized in the plains southwest of the valley of the Tumbes. The middle member of the Tertiary, composed largely of clays and sands, is exposed on all the sea cliffs from Paita to Zorritos. From an investigation of well logs, it is apparent that also a lower member of the Tertiary exists.
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