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INDEX Page references in bold type refer to primary articles. Page references followed by t indicate material in tables. A Acetone [CAS: 67–64–1], 7, 899 Acid salt, 1456 A477, producing organism, 118t gas separation, 39t Acids and bases, 12–13 A42867, producing organism, 118t physical properties, 900t Acid sludge, excess air for combustion, 426t A47934, producing organism, 118t Acetone chloride, 7 Acid spoil, 1439t A51568A, producing organism, 118t Acetone cyanohydrin, 7, 465t Acid sulfite pulping process, 1379 A80407 A, producing organism, 118t Acetonephenyl-hydrazone, 7 Acid-thiol ligases, 571t A82846 A, producing organism, 118t Acetonesemicarbazone, 7 Acidulants and alkalizers (Foods), 13–14 AAAS (American Association for the Advancement Acetone-sodiumbisulfite, 7 Acifluorfen, environmental health advisories, 771t of Science), 1 Acetonitrile, 75 Acinetobacter, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t AAD-216 complex, producing organism, 118t Acetophenone, physical properties, 900t Acmite-aegerine, 14 AAD-609 complex, producing organism, 118t Acetorphan, 92t Acne vulgaris, 99 AAJ-271, producing organism, 118t Acetoxime, 7 A35512 complex, producing organism, 118t AB-65, producing organism, 118t Acetylacetone, physical properties, 900t A40926 complex, producing organism, 118t Abaca, 1, 632t Acetyl benzoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t A41030 complex, producing organism, 118t Abherent, 1 Acetyl tert-butanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Aconitase, 282t Ablating material, 1 1237t metal chelate enzyme, 323t Ablation, 1 Acetyl chloride, physical properties, 366t Aconitic acid, 282t Above-ground storage of products and wastes, AcetylCoA, 282 Acoustic cavitation, 1525 1729–1730 Acetyl cyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Abrasion, 1 1237t 1660 Abrasion pH, 1–2, 1261 Acetyl cyclohexyl carbonyl peroxide, properties, Acree’s reaction, 14 Abrasives, 2, 745–746 1237t Acrilan, 621t Absolute, 3 Acetylene Acrolein, 14–15 Absolute humidity, 793 combustion constants, 422t physical properties, 17t Absolute temperature, 3 combustion reactions, 423t Acrolein and derivatives, 14–15 Absolute temperature scale, 1599 heating value, 686t Acrylamide, 15 Absolute vacuum, 3 ignition temperature in air, 425t physical properties, 15t, 17t Absolute zero, 3, 1599 Acetylene [CAS: 74–86–2], 7–8, 55 Acrylamide polymers, 15–16 Absorptimetry, 3 Acetylene dibromide, 8 Acrylates, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Absorption (Process), 3–4 Acetylene dichloride, 8 for, 838t Absorption band, 3 physical properties, 366t Acrylates and methacrylates, 16–17 Absorption coefficient, 3 Acetylene series, 8 Acrylic acid and derivatives, 17–18 Absorption spectroscopy, 4–5 Acetylene tetrabromide, 8 Acrylic acid [CAS: 79–10–7], 19–20 Absorption spectrum, 5 Acetylene tetrachloride, 8 Acrylic acid nitrile, 20 Absorption towers, 4 Acetylenic hydrocarbons, 55 Acrylic adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t ABS resins, 21–22 Acetyl sec-heptanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Acrylic anhydride, physical properties, 17t Abundance, 5 1237t Acrylic emulsion polymers, 20 7-ACA, properties, 113t Acetyl(1-methycyclohexane)-sulfonylperoxide, Acrylic ester monomers, 18 Acacia gum, 748t properties, 1237t Acrylic ester polymers, 18–19 Acaricide, 5 Acetylornithinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Acceleration due to gravity, versus altitude, Acetyl propionyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Acrylic fiber 157t 2-Acetyl-pyrroline, as key odor/tase compound, 649 generic designation and definition, 621t Accelerator, 5 Acetylsalicylic acid [CAS: 50–78–2], 8, 1455 physical properties, 1139t Accutane, chemotherapeutic, 359t Achlorhydria, 8 physical properties of staple, 626t Acetaldehyde [CAS: 75–07–0], 5–6, 48 Achondrite meteorites, 600 worldwide capacity, 628t formation from acetylene, 8 Achromycin, year of discovery, 130t Acrylic fibers, 626–629 Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, 465t Acid-amino acid ligases, 571t dyeing, 523 Acetal group, 6 Acid-ammonia ligases, 571t fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Acetal resins, 1436 Acid-base metabolism, 8 Acrylic latexes, 20 Acetaminophen, 93t Acid-base regulation (Blood), 8 Acrylic plastics, 19–20 Acetate, fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Acid-base theories, 12 Acrylic sealants, 1463 Acetate dye, 6 Acid deposition, 9, 10–11 Acrylonitrile barrier polymer, diffusion and Acetate fiber Acid dyes, 512t, 517 solubility coefficients for oxygen and carbon generic designation and definition, 621t applications, 518 dioxide, 173t physical properties, 1139t dyeing process, 522, 523 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers, Acetate fibers, 624–626 Acidic solvent, 8 21–22 Acetate kinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Acidification, 12 physical properties of structural foams, 665t Acetates, 6–7 of lakes and streams, 9 Acrylonitrile [CAS: 107–13–1], 20–21, 75 Acetic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Acidimetry, 8 monomer reactivity and suitable initiator for, Acetic acid [CAS: 64–19–7], 6–7, 1674–1675 Acidity, 8–9 838t acidulant, 14 Acid lead, 923t polymerization with acrylic monomers, 17 Acetoacetic ester condensation, 7 Acid number, 9 Acrylonitrile polymers, 21–22 Acetobacter, vinegar fermentation, Acidosis, 9 Acrylontrile-butadiene-styrene resins, 1436 1674–1675 Acid radicals, 31 Acryloyl chloride, physical properties, 17t Acetone, as parent structure compound, 1090t Acid rain, 9–12, 1329 Actamycins, biological activity, 108t 1781 1782 INDEX Actaplanin (A4696 complex), producing organism, Adenylic acid (adenosine monophosphate, AMP), 32 AIChE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers), 118t Adermine, 1700 45 ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) [CAS: Adherend, 32 Air, 45–46 9002–60–2], 23 Adhesion, 32 absolute index, 1426t Actin, 23 Adhesive bond, 32 composition, 424t Actinide contraction, 23 Adhesive joint, 32 density, 474t Actinides, 23t Adhesives, 32–33 specific heat at constant pressure, 757t important binary compounds, 25–26t load-bearing capabilities, 32t thermal conductivity, 758t oxidation states, 24t Adiabatic process, 34 Air-aluminum cells, 186t physical properties of metals, 24t Adipic acid Air cell, cell reactions, energy content, and principal characteristics of elements, 327–328t acidulant, 14 manufacturers, 179t Actininides and transactinides, 23–24 monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Air-cooled heat exchanger, 760 Actinium Adipic acid [CAS: 124–04–9], 34–35 Air-iron cells, 186t, 189 abundance, 330t Adipic ketone, physical properties, 900t AIRMoN (Atmospheric Integrated Research electronic structure, 337t Adipoyl bis(acetyl peroxide), properties, 1237t Monitoring Network), 11 interatomic distance, 342t Adjuvants, 1661 Air pollution, 1324–1330 ionic crystal radius, 341t Adozelesin, DNA interactive agent, 357t Air sparging, 205t principal characteristics, 327t Adrenal cortex hormones, 785, 790 Air stripping, 205t Actinium [CAS: 7440–34–8], 23t, 26–27, 27 Adrenal cortical hormones, 35 Air-zinc cells, 186t active deposit, 29 Adrenaline, 35, 49t, 51 Alabandite, 46 binary compound properties, 25–26t where produced, structure, and principal Alabaster, 46 oxidation states, 24t functions, 786t hardness, 1008t physical properties, 24t Adrenal medula hormones, 35–36 Alachlor, environmental health advisories, 771t Actinium series, 332 Adrenamine, where produced, structure, and Alamethicin, activity and producing organism, 128t Actinoidin A, producing organism, 118t principal functions, 786t Alanine Actinoidin A2, producing organism, 118t Adrenin, where produced, structure, and principal first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Actinoidin B, producing organism, 118t functions, 786t manufacture, 76t Actinolite, 27, 149 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 23 structural classification, 79t Actinomyces bovis, gram-positive, 168t where produced, structure, and principal synthesis from products of carbohydrate Actinomycin D, activity and producing organism, functions, 786t metabolism, 282t 128t Adrenocorticotropin, where produced, structure, and Alberite, 46 Actinomyosin, 23 principal functions, 786t Albinism, genetic influence, 716 Actinon, 27 Adriamycin, DNA interactive agent, 357t Albite, 607 Activated alumina, 36 Adsorbents abrasion pH, 1t for liquid-phase adsorption, 40 for gas separation, 39t, 40 Albomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Activated carbon for liquid separation, 40–41, 41t Albumin, 46, 1000 commercial gas adsorption processes, 39t Adsorption, 36–38 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t for liquid-phase adsorption, 40 factors governing use of regeneration method, Alchemy, 46 Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol, 1703 38t Alcholism, and folic acid deficiency, 668 Activated sludge, 28–29 Adsorption: gas separation, 39–40 Alcohol, 46 aeration in, 42 Adsorption: liquid separation, 40–42 Alcoholate, 46 for secondary water treatment, 1725 Adsorption chromatograpy, 38 Alcohol dehydrogenase Activation (Molecular), 28–29 Adsorption columns, 37–38 metal chelate enzyme, 323t Activator, 29 Adsorption equilibrium, 36–37 source and function, 986t Active center, 29 Advanced Technology Development Program, 741 Alcoholic fermentation, yeast in, 1767, 1768 Active deposit, 29 Aegerine, 14 Alcoholism, and achlorhydria, 8 Activity coefficient, 29–31 Aeration, 42 Alcohols, 46–48, 1173–1174 Activity (Radioactivity), 31 Aerial infared photography, 1293 Alcoholysis, 48 Activity series, 31 Aerobacter aerogenes, gram-negative, 168t Aldehyde, 1169t Acyclic hydrocarbons, 1170–1171 Aerogels, 42–44 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, metal chelate enzyme, Acyl, 31 Aerosols, 44 323t Acylase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Aesculin, 734t Aldehyde-lyases, 571t Acylation, 31 Affinity, 44
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    Thermoelectricity in Correlated narrow-gap semiconductors Jan M. Tomczak Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria We review many-body effects, their microscopic origin, as well as their impact onto thermoelec- tricity in correlated narrow-gap semiconductors. Members of this class|such as FeSi and FeSb2| display an unusual temperature dependence in various observables: insulating with large ther- mopowers at low temperatures, they turn bad metals at temperatures much smaller than the size of their gaps. This insulator-to-metal crossover is accompanied by spectral weight-transfers over large energies in the optical conductivity and by a gradual transition from activated to Curie-Weiss-like behaviour in the magnetic susceptibility. We show a retrospective of the understanding of these phenomena, discuss the relation to heavy-fermion Kondo insulators|such as Ce3Bi4Pt3 for which we present new results|and propose a general classification of paramagnetic insulators. From the latter FeSi emerges as an orbital-selective Kondo insulator. Focussing on intermetallics such as sili- cides, antimonides, skutterudites, and Heusler compounds we showcase successes and challenges for the realistic simulation of transport properties in the presence of electronic correlations. Further, we advert to new avenues in which electronic correlations may contribute to the improvement of thermoelectric performance. PACS numbers: 71.27.+a, 71.10.-w, 79.10.-n CONTENTS 2. A microscopic understanding: spin fluctuations and Hund's physics 35 Avant-propos 2 3. Realistic many-body calculations for Ce3Bi4Pt3. 38 I. Introduction 3 E. Kondo insulators, transition-metal A. Correlated narrow-gap semiconductors: a intermetallics and oxides: A categorization 39 brief overview 3 1.
  • Microparticles Enhance the Formation of Seven Major Classes of Natural

    Microparticles Enhance the Formation of Seven Major Classes of Natural

    Received: 4 March 2021 | Revised: 17 April 2021 | Accepted: 30 April 2021 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27818 ARTICLE Microparticles enhance the formation of seven major classes of natural products in native and metabolically engineered actinobacteria through accelerated morphological development Martin Kuhl1 | Christian Rückert3 | Lars Gläser1 | Selma Beganovic1 | Andriy Luzhetskyy2 | Jörn Kalinowski3 | Christoph Wittmann1 1Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany Abstract 2Department of Pharmaceutical Actinobacteria provide a rich spectrum of bioactive natural products and therefore Biotechnology, Saarland University, display an invaluable source towards commercially valuable pharmaceuticals and Saarbrücken, Germany 3Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld agrochemicals. Here, we studied the use of inorganic talc microparticles (hydrous University, Bielefeld, Germany magnesium silicate, 3MgO·4SiO2·H2O, 10 µm) as a general supplement to enhance natural product formation in this important class of bacteria. Added to cultures of Correspondence Christoph Wittmann, Institute of Systems recombinant Streptomyces lividans, talc enhanced production of the macrocyclic Biotechnology, Saarland University, peptide antibiotic bottromycin A2 and its methylated derivative Met‐bottromycin Saarbrücken, Germany. −1 Email: [email protected] A2 up to 109 mg L , the highest titer reported so far. Hereby, the microparticles fundamentally affected metabolism. With 10 g L−1 talc, S. lividans grew to 40% Funding information