INDEX

Page references in bold type refer to primary articles. Page references followed by t indicate material in tables.

A Acetone [CAS: 67–64–1], 7, 899 Acid salt, 1456 A477, producing organism, 118t gas separation, 39t Acids and bases, 12–13 A42867, producing organism, 118t physical properties, 900t Acid sludge, excess air for combustion, 426t A47934, producing organism, 118t Acetone chloride, 7 Acid spoil, 1439t A51568A, producing organism, 118t Acetone cyanohydrin, 7, 465t Acid sulfite pulping process, 1379 A80407 A, producing organism, 118t Acetonephenyl-hydrazone, 7 Acid-thiol ligases, 571t A82846 A, producing organism, 118t Acetonesemicarbazone, 7 Acidulants and alkalizers (Foods), 13–14 AAAS (American Association for the Advancement Acetone-sodiumbisulfite, 7 Acifluorfen, environmental health advisories, 771t of Science), 1 Acetonitrile, 75 Acinetobacter, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t AAD-216 complex, producing organism, 118t Acetophenone, physical properties, 900t Acmite-aegerine, 14 AAD-609 complex, producing organism, 118t Acetorphan, 92t Acne vulgaris, 99 AAJ-271, producing organism, 118t Acetoxime, 7 A35512 complex, producing organism, 118t AB-65, producing organism, 118t Acetylacetone, physical properties, 900t A40926 complex, producing organism, 118t Abaca, 1, 632t Acetyl benzoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t A41030 complex, producing organism, 118t Abherent, 1 Acetyl tert-butanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Aconitase, 282t Ablating material, 1 1237t metal chelate enzyme, 323t Ablation, 1 Acetyl chloride, physical properties, 366t Aconitic acid, 282t Above-ground storage of products and wastes, AcetylCoA, 282 Acoustic cavitation, 1525 1729–1730 Acetyl cyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Abrasion, 1 1237t 1660 Abrasion pH, 1–2, 1261 Acetyl cyclohexyl carbonyl peroxide, properties, Acree’s reaction, 14 Abrasives, 2, 745–746 1237t Acrilan, 621t Absolute, 3 Acetylene Acrolein, 14–15 Absolute humidity, 793 combustion constants, 422t physical properties, 17t Absolute temperature, 3 combustion reactions, 423t Acrolein and derivatives, 14–15 Absolute temperature scale, 1599 heating value, 686t Acrylamide, 15 Absolute vacuum, 3 ignition temperature in air, 425t physical properties, 15t, 17t Absolute zero, 3, 1599 Acetylene [CAS: 74–86–2], 7–8, 55 Acrylamide polymers, 15–16 Absorptimetry, 3 Acetylene dibromide, 8 Acrylates, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Absorption (Process), 3–4 Acetylene dichloride, 8 for, 838t Absorption band, 3 physical properties, 366t Acrylates and methacrylates, 16–17 Absorption coefficient, 3 Acetylene series, 8 Acrylic acid and derivatives, 17–18 Absorption spectroscopy, 4–5 Acetylene tetrabromide, 8 Acrylic acid [CAS: 79–10–7], 19–20 Absorption spectrum, 5 Acetylene tetrachloride, 8 Acrylic acid nitrile, 20 Absorption towers, 4 Acetylenic hydrocarbons, 55 Acrylic adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t ABS resins, 21–22 Acetyl sec-heptanesulfonyl peroxide, properties, Acrylic anhydride, physical properties, 17t Abundance, 5 1237t Acrylic emulsion polymers, 20 7-ACA, properties, 113t Acetyl(1-methycyclohexane)-sulfonylperoxide, Acrylic ester monomers, 18 Acacia gum, 748t properties, 1237t Acrylic ester polymers, 18–19 Acaricide, 5 Acetylornithinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Acceleration due to gravity, versus altitude, Acetyl propionyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Acrylic fiber 157t 2-Acetyl-pyrroline, as key odor/tase compound, 649 generic designation and definition, 621t Accelerator, 5 Acetylsalicylic acid [CAS: 50–78–2], 8, 1455 physical properties, 1139t Accutane, chemotherapeutic, 359t Achlorhydria, 8 physical properties of staple, 626t Acetaldehyde [CAS: 75–07–0], 5–6, 48 Achondrite meteorites, 600 worldwide capacity, 628t formation from acetylene, 8 Achromycin, year of discovery, 130t Acrylic fibers, 626–629 Acetaldehyde cyanohydrin, 465t Acid-amino acid ligases, 571t dyeing, 523 Acetal group, 6 Acid-ammonia ligases, 571t fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Acetal resins, 1436 Acid-base metabolism, 8 Acrylic latexes, 20 Acetaminophen, 93t Acid-base regulation (Blood), 8 Acrylic plastics, 19–20 Acetate, fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Acid-base theories, 12 Acrylic sealants, 1463 Acetate dye, 6 Acid deposition, 9, 10–11 Acrylonitrile barrier polymer, diffusion and Acetate fiber Acid dyes, 512t, 517 solubility coefficients for oxygen and carbon generic designation and definition, 621t applications, 518 dioxide, 173t physical properties, 1139t dyeing process, 522, 523 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymers, Acetate fibers, 624–626 Acidic solvent, 8 21–22 Acetate kinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Acidification, 12 physical properties of structural foams, 665t Acetates, 6–7 of lakes and streams, 9 Acrylonitrile [CAS: 107–13–1], 20–21, 75 Acetic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Acidimetry, 8 monomer reactivity and suitable initiator for, Acetic acid [CAS: 64–19–7], 6–7, 1674–1675 Acidity, 8–9 838t acidulant, 14 Acid lead, 923t polymerization with acrylic monomers, 17 Acetoacetic ester condensation, 7 Acid number, 9 Acrylonitrile polymers, 21–22 Acetobacter, vinegar fermentation, Acidosis, 9 Acrylontrile-butadiene-styrene resins, 1436 1674–1675 Acid radicals, 31 Acryloyl chloride, physical properties, 17t Acetone, as parent structure compound, 1090t Acid rain, 9–12, 1329 Actamycins, biological activity, 108t 1781 1782 INDEX

Actaplanin (A4696 complex), producing organism, Adenylic acid (adenosine monophosphate, AMP), 32 AIChE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers), 118t Adermine, 1700 45 ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) [CAS: Adherend, 32 Air, 45–46 9002–60–2], 23 Adhesion, 32 absolute index, 1426t Actin, 23 Adhesive bond, 32 composition, 424t Actinide contraction, 23 Adhesive joint, 32 density, 474t Actinides, 23t Adhesives, 32–33 specific heat at constant pressure, 757t important binary compounds, 25–26t load-bearing capabilities, 32t thermal conductivity, 758t oxidation states, 24t Adiabatic process, 34 Air-aluminum cells, 186t physical properties of metals, 24t Adipic acid Air cell, cell reactions, energy content, and principal characteristics of elements, 327–328t acidulant, 14 manufacturers, 179t Actininides and transactinides, 23–24 monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Air-cooled heat exchanger, 760 Actinium Adipic acid [CAS: 124–04–9], 34–35 Air-iron cells, 186t, 189 abundance, 330t Adipic ketone, physical properties, 900t AIRMoN (Atmospheric Integrated Research electronic structure, 337t Adipoyl bis(acetyl peroxide), properties, 1237t Monitoring Network), 11 interatomic distance, 342t Adjuvants, 1661 Air pollution, 1324–1330 ionic crystal radius, 341t Adozelesin, DNA interactive agent, 357t Air sparging, 205t principal characteristics, 327t Adrenal cortex hormones, 785, 790 Air stripping, 205t Actinium [CAS: 7440–34–8], 23t, 26–27, 27 Adrenal cortical hormones, 35 Air-zinc cells, 186t active deposit, 29 Adrenaline, 35, 49t, 51 Alabandite, 46 binary compound properties, 25–26t where produced, structure, and principal Alabaster, 46 oxidation states, 24t functions, 786t hardness, 1008t physical properties, 24t Adrenal medula hormones, 35–36 Alachlor, environmental health advisories, 771t Actinium series, 332 Adrenamine, where produced, structure, and Alamethicin, activity and producing organism, 128t Actinoidin A, producing organism, 118t principal functions, 786t Alanine Actinoidin A2, producing organism, 118t Adrenin, where produced, structure, and principal first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Actinoidin B, producing organism, 118t functions, 786t manufacture, 76t Actinolite, 27, 149 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 23 structural classification, 79t Actinomyces bovis, gram-positive, 168t where produced, structure, and principal synthesis from products of carbohydrate Actinomycin D, activity and producing organism, functions, 786t metabolism, 282t 128t Adrenocorticotropin, where produced, structure, and Alberite, 46 Actinomyosin, 23 principal functions, 786t Albinism, genetic influence, 716 Actinon, 27 Adriamycin, DNA interactive agent, 357t Albite, 607 Activated alumina, 36 Adsorbents abrasion pH, 1t for liquid-phase adsorption, 40 for gas separation, 39t, 40 Albomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Activated carbon for liquid separation, 40–41, 41t Albumin, 46, 1000 commercial gas adsorption processes, 39t Adsorption, 36–38 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t for liquid-phase adsorption, 40 factors governing use of regeneration method, Alchemy, 46 Activated 7-dehydrocholesterol, 1703 38t Alcholism, and folic acid deficiency, 668 Activated sludge, 28–29 Adsorption: gas separation, 39–40 Alcohol, 46 aeration in, 42 Adsorption: liquid separation, 40–42 Alcoholate, 46 for secondary water treatment, 1725 Adsorption chromatograpy, 38 Alcohol dehydrogenase Activation (Molecular), 28–29 Adsorption columns, 37–38 metal chelate enzyme, 323t Activator, 29 Adsorption equilibrium, 36–37 source and function, 986t Active center, 29 Advanced Technology Development Program, 741 Alcoholic fermentation, yeast in, 1767, 1768 Active deposit, 29 Aegerine, 14 Alcoholism, and achlorhydria, 8 Activity coefficient, 29–31 Aeration, 42 Alcohols, 46–48, 1173–1174 Activity (Radioactivity), 31 Aerial infared photography, 1293 Alcoholysis, 48 Activity series, 31 Aerobacter aerogenes, gram-negative, 168t Aldehyde, 1169t Acyclic hydrocarbons, 1170–1171 Aerogels, 42–44 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, metal chelate enzyme, Acyl, 31 Aerosols, 44 323t Acylase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Aesculin, 734t Aldehyde-lyases, 571t Acylation, 31 Affinity, 44 Aldehydes, 48 Acyl group, analysis, 97 Aflatoxin, 1769 Alder, Kurt (1902–1958), 48 Acyltransferases, 571t degradation, 1770 Aldocortin, where produced, structure, and principal Adamantine compound, 31 Agar, 44, 748t functions, 786t Adams, Roger (1889–1971), 31 Agar-agar, 44, 748t Aldohexoses, 279t Addition compound, 13, 427 Agate, 44 Aldol condensation, 47, 48 Addition polymerization, 1341 hardness, 1008t Aldoses, 899 Additive color process, 31–32 heat effect, 708t Aldosterone, 35 Additive compound, 427 Agent orange, 44 where produced, structure, and principal Adenine [CAS: 73–24–5], 32 Agglomerating coals, 390t functions, 786t Adenosine, constituent of human blood, 242t Agglomeration, 44–45 Aldoximes, 48 Adenosine [CAS: 58–61–7], 32 Agglutination, 45 ALDOX process, 47 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 32 Agglutinin, 45 Alexandrite, 48, 708 Adenosine phosphates, 32 Aggregate, 45 Alfalfa, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Adenosine phosphokinase, metal chelate enzyme, Aggregation, 45 Alfisols, 1497t 323t Agitated-pan dryers, 509t Algae, 1767 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 32 Agribusiness database, 769t good source of protein, 1373 constituent of human blood, 242t Agricola database, 769t Algal fungi, 1767 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Agricultural wastes, use as fuel, 1718 Algicide, 48 Adenoviruses, 1695 Agrochemicals handbook, 769t Algin, 48 INDEX 1783

Alginic acid, 748t Alpha ray emission, 1407 Amber, 72, 558 Alicyclic compound, 427 Altitude, atmosphere-altitude relationship, 155–157 heat effect, 708t Alicyclic hydrocarbons, 1171–1172 Altman, Sidney (1939–), 61 Ambergris, 72 Aliphatic alcohols, 46 Alum, 61 Amblygonite, 72 Aliphatic compound, 48, 427 abrasion pH, 1t American Association for the Advancement of Aliphatic diamines and higher amines, 482–484 Alumina, 61–62, 65 Science (AAAS), 1 Alizarin Yellow R, pH range and color change of commercial gas adsorption processes, 39t American Association of Scientific Workers indicator, 825t dielectric permittivity, 852t (AASW), 73 Alkali, 48 plasma synthesis, 318t American Association of Textile Chemists and Alkalic rocks, 49 Alumina-silica ceramic fiber, insulation material, Colorists (AATCC), 73 Alkali metals, 48 856t American Carbon Society (ACS), 73 Alkali metal xanthates, 1755 Aluminides, 70–71 American Ceramic Society (ACerS), 73 Alkaline cell Aluminizing, 763t American Chemical Society (ACS), 73 cell reactions, energy content, and Aluminohydrides, 796 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), manufacturers, 179t Aluminosilicates, 65 45 characteristics, 184t Aluminum American Institute of Chemists (AIC), 73 Alkaline earths, 48–49 abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 73 Alkaline phosphate, target of medical diagnostic test, constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t American Oil Chemist’s Society (AOCS), 73 975t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t American Petroleum Institute (API), 73 Alkali rocks, 49 covalent radius, 344t American Society for Metals (ASM), 73 Alkalizers (Foods), 13–14 density, 474t American Society for Testing and Materials Alkaloids, 49–52 electronic structure, 336t (ASTM), 73 Alkalosis, 52 hardness, 755t Americium, 23t Alkane, 52 interatomic distance, 342t binary compound properties, 25–26t Alkaptonuria, genetic influence, 716 ionic crystal radius, 341t electronic structure, 337t Alkene, 52, 1169t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t interatomic distance, 342t Alkeran, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t modulus and rigidity, 538t ionic crystal radius, 341t Alkyd resins, 52–55 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t oxidation states, 24t Alkyl, 55 principal characteristics, 327t physical properties, 24t OO-tert-Alkyl O-alkyl monoperoxycarbonates, residence time in sea water, 1133t principal characteristics, 327t organic peroxide initiators, 841t specific heat at constant pressure, 757t Americium [CAS: 7440–35–9], 72–73 Alkylaluminum compounds, alcohol production standard electrode potential, 31t Amethyst, 74, 708 from, 47 ultraviolet reflectance, 1640 Ametryn, environmental health advisories, 771t Alkylate, 1255 Aluminum acetate, 65 Amide, 1169t Alkylation, 55, 1179 Aluminum-air cell, cell reactions and energy content Amides, 74 catalyst application, 304t, 305 (in development), 180t Amide synthetases, 571t in petroleum refining, 1255 Aluminum alloys, 58 Amidine-lyases, 571t Alkylbenzenes, biodegradable, 207t hardness, 755t Amidinotransferases, 571t tert-Alkyl hydroperoxides, organic peroxide Aluminum alloys and engineered materials, 65–71, Amination, 74, 1178 initiators, 841t 67t, 69t, 70t, 71t yeast participation, 1769t tert-Alkyl peroxyesters, organic peroxide initiators, Aluminum ammonium sulfate, 86 Amine, 1169t 841t acidulant, 14 Amines, 74–75 Alkyne, 1169t Aluminum bronze, 440t Amino acid abnormalities, genetic influence, 716 Alkynes, 8, 55 Aluminum carbide, 65 Amino acid racemization dating, 1415–1416 Allanite, 55 Aluminum [CAS: 7429–90–5], 61–65 Aminoacid-RNA ligases, 571t Allelopathic substance, 55 Aluminum casting alloys, 68–69, 70t Amino acids, 12, 75–80 Allergenicity, 709 Aluminum chloride, 65 constituent of human blood, 242t Allobar, 56 Aluminum composites, 64, 68 essential/nonessential, 75, 75t, 76t, 1375t Allochromatic, 56 Aluminum electroplating, 71 first isolations, 77–78t Allomerism, 56 Aluminum fluoride, 65 production, 76t, 79–80 Allotropes, 334 Aluminum hydride, physical properties, 795t and protein structure, 1373–1375 Alloy phase diagrams, 56–57 Aluminum hydroxide, 64–65 representative essential amino acid patterns for Alloys, 56–58 Aluminum-lithium alloys, 64, 69–70 selected foods, 75t AllWave fiber, 1155 Aluminum nitrate, 65 structural classification, 79t Allyl acetate, 60 Aluminum nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t synthesis from products of carbohydrate Allyl alcohol and monoallyl derivatives, 59–60 Aluminum oleate, 65 metabolism, 282t Allylamine, 60 Aluminum oxide, 65 α-Aminoacyl-peptide hydrolases, 571t Allyl chloride, 60 dielectric permittivity, 852t Aminoacyltransferases, 571t physical properties, 366t Aluminum palmitate, 65 Aminobenzene, 101 Allylene, 55 Aluminum perchlorate, 64 p-Aminodiphenyl, definitely established workplace Allyl ester resins, 60 Aluminum powder metallurgy, 64, 71 carcinogen, 297t Allyl glycidyl ether, 60 Aluminum selenate, 64 Aminoethylpiperazine, physical properties, 483t Allyl methacrylate, 60 Aluminum silicate, dielectric permittivity, 852t N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1,3-propylenediamine, physical Allyl rearrangement, 1424 Aluminum stearate, 65 properties, 483t Almandine, 705 Aluminum sulfate, 64, 65 Aminoglycoside antibiotics, 107 Alnico 9, magnetic properties, 956t Aluminum trifluoride, 64 Aminoguanidine, 747t Alpha (α), 60–61 Aluminum wrought alloys, 69t 7-Aminoheptanoic acid, monomer for nylon resins, Alpha decay, 61, 1406 Alumstone, 72 1333t Alpha emitter, 61 Alunite, 72 4-Aminoisoquinoline, 1401 Alpha naphtholbenzein, pH range and color change AM374, producing organism, 118t 9-Aminononanoic acid, monomer for nylon resins, of indicator, 825t Amalgam, 72 1333t Alpha particle, 61 Amatol, 87 2-Aminophenol, 81–82 1784 INDEX

3-Aminophenol, 81–82 Amosite, 88, 149–150 Anhydride, 101 4-Aminophenol, 81–82 physical and chemical properties, 150t Anhydrite, 101 Aminophenols, 81–82 Amoxycillin, year of discovery/market introduction, abrasion pH, 1t Aminoplasts, microcapsule material, 997t 106t Anhydrous, 101 Amino resins, 80–81 Ampere (A), 1643t Aniline, 75, 101 alkyd resins with, 54 Ampere-hour (Ah), 1643t as parent structure compound, 1090t Aminotransferases, 571t Ampere per meter (A/m), 1643t Animal feeds, genetic engineering, 710 11-Aminoundecanoic acid, monomer for nylon Amperometer, 88 Animal waxes, 1746–1747 resins, 1333t Amphetamine, 49t, 88 Anion, 101 Amitrole, environmental health advisories, 771t Amphibole, 88 Anionic acids and bases, 13 Ammines, 82 Amphibolite, 88–89 Anionic initiators, 838–839 Ammonia Amphipathy, 89 Anionic surfactants, 1584–1585 catalyst application in production, 304t, 306 Amphiphilic, 89 Anise, 102 combustion constants, 422t Amphiprotic, 89 Anise oil, 647t constituent of human blood, 242t Ampholyte, 89 Anisodesmic structure, 102 gas separation, 39t Amphomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Anisotropic medium, 102 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Amphoteric surfactants, 1586 Annabergite, 102 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Ampicillin, year of discovery/market introduction, Annatto food colors, 102 as parent structure compound, 1090t 106t Annealing, 102–103 use in paper recycling, 1715 Ampoule, 89 Anode, 104 van der Waals characteristic equation Ampule, 89 Anodic oxidation, 104 coefficients, 321t AMS, environmental health advisories, 771t Anodize, 104 Ammonia [CAS: 7664–41–7], 82–86 Amsacrine, topoisomerase interactive, 357t Anorthic crystal system, crystallographic elements, Ammonia-lyases, 571t Amsidyl, topoisomerase interactive, 357t 455t Ammonium acetate [CAS: 631–61–8], 86 Amygdalin, 734t Anorthite, 607 Ammonium benzoate [CAS: 1863–63–4], 86 Amygdaloid, 89 Anorthosite, 104 Ammonium bicarbonate, alkalizer, 14 Amygdules, 89 Ansaid, 93t Ammonium borate [CAS: 11128–98–6], 86 Amyl, 89 Ansamacrolide antibiotics, 107–109 Ammonium bromide [CAS: 12124–97–9], 86 n-Amyl alcohol, physical properties, 89t Ansamitocins, biological activity, 108t Ansathiazins, biological activity, 108t Ammonium carbonate [CAS: 506–87–6], 86 sec-Amyl alcohol, physical properties, 89t Ansatrienins, biological activity, 108t Ammonium chloride [CAS: 12125–02–9], 86 tert-Amyl alcohol, physical properties, 89t Antacids, 104 Ammonium chloroplatinate [CAS: 16919–58–7], Amyl alcohols, 89–90 Anthocyanins, 104, 733 86 Amylase, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Anthophyllite, 105 Ammonium compounds, 86 α-Amylase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Anthracene [CAS: 120–12–7], 105 Ammonium cyanate, 86, 464 Amylases, 306 Anthracite, characteristics, 390t Ammonium dichromate [CAS: 7789–09–5], 86 1-Amylene, melting range, 1546t Anthracite coal, ignition temperature in air, 425t Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), for tert-Amyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t Anthraquinol, 105 diffracting crystal spectrometer, 1760 Amyloidosis, genetic influence, 716 Anthraquinone dyes, 516–518 Ammonium fluoride [CAS: 12125–01–8], 86 tert-Amyl peroxyacetate, properties, 1239t Anthraxolite, 105 Ammonium hydrogen oxalate, 1185 Anabasine, 49t Anthrocyanins, 734t Ammonium hydroxide, alkalizer, 14 Anaerobe, 90 Anthrone, 105 Ammonium hydroxide [CAS: 1336–21–6], 87 Analcime, 91 Anthroquinone [CAS: 84–65–1], 105 Ammonium iodide [CAS: 12027–06–4], 86 Analgesics, chiral, 1268 Antibiotic resistance markers, 710 Ammonium ions, target of medical diagnostic test, Analgesics, antipyretics, and antiinflammatory Antibiotics, 105–106 975t agents, 91–93 chiral, 1268 Ammonium iron(III) oxalate, 1185 Analysis (Chemical), 93–96 Antibiotics: aminoglycosides, 107 Ammonium linoleate, 86 Analysis (Organic Chemical), 96 Antibiotics: ansamacrolides, 107–109 Ammonium nitrate [CAS: 6484–52–2], 87 Analytical chemistry, 93–94 Antibiotics: cephalosporins, 112–114 Ammonium nitrite [CAS: 13446–48–5], 86 Analytical instrumentation, 95–96 Antibiotics: chloramphenicol and analogues, Ammonium oxalate, 1185 Analyzer (Reaction-Product), 97–98 114–116 Ammonium oxalate [CAS: 1113–38–8], 86 Analyzer (Reagent-Tape), 98 Antibiotics: elfamycins, 116–117 Ammonium perchlorate, 1222 Anamorphism, 98 Antibiotics: glycopeptides (dalbaheptides), 117–119 Ammonium perchlorate [CAS: 7790–98–9], 86 Anaphylaxis, 98 Antibiotics: ß-lactamase inhibitors, 109–111 Ammonium periodate, 86 Ana-position, 98 Antibiotics: ß-lactams, 111–112 Ammonium persulfate [CAS: 7727–54–0], 86 Anatase, 98 Antibiotics: lincosaminides, 119–120 Ammonium phosphates, 87–88 Andalusite, 98 Antibiotics: macrolides, 120–122 acidulant, 14 hardness, 1008t Antibiotics: monobactams, 122–123 Ammonium phosphomolybdate [CAS: Andersen’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Antibiotics: nucleosides and nucleotides, 123–124 12026–66–3], 86 Andesine, 607 Antibiotics: oligosaccharides, 124–125 Ammonium rhodanate, 86 Andesite, 98 Antibiotics: pencillins and others, 125–127 Ammonium salicylate, 86 Andradite, 705, 1635 Antibiotics: peptides, 127 Ammonium sulfate [CAS: 7783–20–2], 88 Androgens, 98–99 Antibiotics: polyethers, 127–129 Ammonium sulfide [CAS: 12124–99–1], 86 Androsterone, 98 Antibiotics: tetracyclines, 129–131 Ammonium sulfocyanide, 86 Anesthesia, 99–100 Antibody, 131–132 Ammonium tartrate [CAS: 3164–29–2], 86 Anesthetics, 99–101, 100t Anticaking agents, 132 Ammonium tetraborate, 86 Anfinsen, Christian B. (1916–1995), 101 Anticancer chemotherapeutics, 354–359 Ammonium thiocyanate [CAS: 1762–95–4], 86 ANFO explosive, 87 Anti-CD3 Mab (Monoclonal Antibody), annual Ammonolysis, 74, 1180 Angelsite, 101 sales, 222t Ammoxidation, catalyst application, 304t, 305 Angiographic imaging, 1762 Anticoagulant drugs, chiral, 1268 Amorphous, 88 Angstrom,˚ 101, 1643t Anticoagulants, 132–134 Amorphous nylon, gas permeability, 172t Angstrom, 1643t Antidiuretic hormone, where produced, structure, Amorphous silicon, 1470–1471 Anhalidine, 49t and principal functions, 789t INDEX 1785

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 1656 Argentite, 146 Aspartic acid Antidote, 134 Argillite, 146 first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Antifouling agents, 134 Arginase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t manufacture, 76t Antifreeze agents, 134 L-Arginase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t structural classification, 79t Antigen, 134 Arginine Aspartylglycosaminuria, genetic influence, 716 Antihemmorhagic vitamin, 1706 first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Aspergillus, 1769 Antihistamine, 134–135 manufacture, 76t Aspergillus flavus, 1769, 1770 Antihypertensive drugs, chiral, 1267–1268 structural classification, 79t Asphalt, in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Antiinfective vitamin, 1698 Argininemia, genetic influence, 716 Asphalt-base greases, 743 Antiinflammatory agents, 91–93 Arginine-urea Cycle, 1651–1652 Asphalt [CAS: 8052–42–4], 153 Antiknock agents, 134 Arginine vasopressin, where produced, structure, and Asphaltium, 153 Antimatter rockets, 1449 principal functions, 789t Aspirin, 8, 92 Antimers, 79 Argininosuccinicaciduria, genetic influence, 716 Aspirin [CAS: 50–78–2], 153 Antimetabolites, 135 Argon Associated compound, 427 Antimicrobial agents (Foods), 135–138 abundance, 330t Association (Chemical), 153–154 Antimicrobial drugs, chiral, 1268 electronic structure, 336t Association of Official Analytical Chemists Antimony nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t (AOAC), 154 abundance, 330t, 1132t percentage in air, 46t Astatine, 754 covalent radius, 344t principal characteristics, 327t abundance, 1132t electronic structure, 336t in Texas natural gas, 1054t electronic structure, 337t interatomic distance, 342t Argon [CAS: 7440–37–1], 146–147 ionic crystal radius, 341t ionic crystal radius, 341t Aridicin, producing organism, 118t principal characteristics, 327t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Aridisols, 1497t Astatine [CAS: 7440–68–8], 154 principal characteristics, 327t Armco iron, hardness, 755t Aston, Francis William (1877–1945), 154 Antimony [CAS: 7440–36–0], 138–139 Aromatic alcohols, 46 Aston whole number rule, 154 Antineoplastic drugs, chiral, 1269 Aromatic compound, 427 Astrochemistry, 154–155 Antioparticles, 140 Aromatic compounds, 147 Asulam, environmental health advisories, 771t Antioxidants, 139–140 Aromatic hydrocarbons, 1172–1173 Asymmetric top, 155 Antiproton, 140–141 Aromatics, 1169t Asymmetry (Chemical), 155 Antipyretic, 141 gas separation, 39t Atacamite, 155 Antipyretics, 91–93 Aromatization, catalyst application, 304t Athermal transformation, 155 Antirachitic vitamin, 1703 Arrhenius-Ostwald acid-base theory, 12 Atmolysis, 155 Antisterility vitamin, 1705 Arsenate minerals, 1012 Atmosphere, standard (atm), 1643t Antitoxin, 141 Arsenic Atmosphere-altitude relationship, 155–157 Antiviral agents, 141–145 abundance, 330t Atmosphere (Earth), 155–158 Anti-xerophthalmic vitamin, 1698 covalent radius, 344t Atmospheric ozone, 1193 Antlerite, 145 crystal structure, 455 Atom, 158–159, 1209 Antonoff rule, 145 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Atomic-absorption photometer, 1294 Apatite, 145 electronic structure, 336t Atomic disintegration, 159 hardness, 2t, 755t in hazardous waste, 1711t Atomic energy, 159 API gravity, 1243 interatomic distance, 342t Atomic energy levels, 159 Aplite, 145 ionic crystal radius, 341t Atomic frequency, 159 AP600 nuclear power plant (Westinghouse), principal characteristics, 327t Atomic heat, 159, 758 1119–1122 trace mineral nutrient, 1005 Atomic heat of formation, 159 Apomorphine corydine, 49t water quality indicator, 1726 Atomic mass, 159–160 Apophyllite, 145–146 Arsenical copper, 438t Atomic mass unit, unified UNIFIED (u), 1643t Aporphone alkaloids, 49t Arsenic [CAS: 7440–38–2], 147–148 Atomic number, 160 Apostilb (asb), 1643t Arsenopyrite, 149 Atomic orbitals, 1164–1165 Apparent molar quantity, 146 Arsine, physical properties, 795t Atomic percent, 160 Applied research, 146 Arterenol, where produced, structure, and principal Atomic plane, 160 Aqua regia, 146 functions, 788t Atomic radius, 340 Aquifer bioremediation, 205t Artesian wells, 746 Atomic species, 160 Aquifers, 746 Arvin, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Atomic spectra, 160 remediation of poisoned, 1729 Aryl-alphyl ketones, 899 Atomic spectroscopy, 160 Aquifer sparging, 205t Arylamides, 74 Atomic structure, 334–339 Arabic gum, 748t Arylsulfatase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Atomic weight, 159–160 L-α-Arabinofuranosidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Asbestos, 149–151 Atom switch, 1470 Arachidic acid, in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t ATPase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Arachidic acid [CAS: 506–30–9], 146 hardness, 1008t Atrazine, environmental health advisories, 771t Aragonite, 146 Asbolite, cobalt source, 410t Atrial natiuretic factor, 784 hardness, 1008t Ascomycetes, 1767 Atropine, 49t, 49–50 ARALL laminates, 71 Ascorbic acid, 756 Attar of rose, 647t ARamid ALuminum Laminates (ARALL), 71 constituent of human blood, 242t Atto, 1643t Aramid fiber Ascorbic acid [CAS: 50–81–7], 151–152 Attrition mills, 160–161 generic designation and definition, 621–622t Ash, 153 Augite, 161 physical properties, 1139t Asparaginase, chemotherapeutic, 359t Augmentin, year of discovery/market introduction, Arboviruses, 1694 L-Asparaginase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t 106t Arbutin, 734t Asparagine Aureomycin, year of discovery, 130t Archaometry, 146 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Auric, 161 Ardacin, producing organism, 118t manufacture, 76t Aurin, pH range and color change of indicator, 825t Arenaviruses, 1694 structural classification, 79t Aurodox, formula and producing organism, 116t Areosol air pollution, 1325–1326 Aspartase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Aurous, 161 1786 INDEX

Austenic stainless steels, 58 Backscattering, 167 Batts, insulation material, 857 Austenite, 161 Bacteria, 167–169 Bauxite, 65, 189–190 Autocatalysis, 161 commercial microbial transformations used to physical properties, 1428t Autodeposition, 161 produce steroid hormones, 1550 Bayberry wax, 1746, 1747 Autoionization, 161 Bacteriophage lambda, 1693–1694 Bayer process, 190 Autolysis, 161 Bacteriophages, 1693–1694 Bearing alloy, antimony content, 139t Automated instrumentation: clinical chemistry, Baddeleyite, 1779 Bebeering, 49t 161–163 physical properties, 1428t Becke test, 190 Automated instrumentation: hematology, 163–164 Baekeland, L. H. (1863–1944), 170 Beckmann, Ernest (1853–1923), 190 Automotive coatings, and acid rain, 10 Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, 1179 Beckmann method, 190 Autoxidation, 165 Baffle, 170 Beckmann rearrangement, 1424 Autunite, 165 Bagasse, 170 Becquerel, Antoine Henri (1852–1908), 190 Auxins, 1313–1314 excess air for combustion, 426t Becquerel effect, 190 AVLIS (atomic vapor laser isotope separation), 1650 Bainite, 170 Beer-making, 1767 Avogadro constant, 165 Bakers’ yeast, 1767, 1768 Beer’s law, 191 Avogadro law, 165 Balance, 170 Beeswax, 1746 Avoparcin (LL-AV290 complex), producing Ball mills, 170–171 Beet sugar, 1564–1565 organism, 118t Balsamic vinegar, 1675 Beggiatoa, 191 Awamycins, biological activity, 108t Band theory, of solids, 1519–1520 Beilstein, F. P. (1838–1906), 191 Axerophthol, 1698 Banting, Sir Frederick (1891–1941), 171 Beilstein’s text, 191 Axinite, 165 Bar (bar), 1643t Bel (B), 1643t Ayfivin, activity and producing organism, 128t Barbiturates, 171 Benard´ convection cells, 191 5-Azacitidine, antimetabolite, 355t Bardhan–Sengupta synthesis, 171 Bending alloy, 923t Azdimycin, formula and producing organism, 116t Barff process, 171 Benedict solution, 191 Azelaic acid, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Barite, 171 Benefin, environmental health advisories, 771t Azeotropes, effect on adsorption, 37 abrasion pH, 1t Bensulide, environmental health advisories, 771t Azeotropic system, 165 hardness, 1008t Bentazon, environmental health advisories, 771t Azides, 165 Barium, 49 Bentonite, 191 Azines, 165 abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Benzaldehyde, from toluene, 1625 Azithromycin, commercial products, 121t covalent radius, 344t Benzaldehyde [CAS: 100–52–7], 191 Azo and diazo compounds, 165–166 electronic structure, 336t Benzaldehyde cyanohydrin, 465t Azobis[2-acetoxy-2-propane], commercial azo in hazardous waste, 1711t Benzedrine, 88 initiator, 841t interatomic distance, 342t Benzene
2,2 -Azobis[2-amidinopropane]dihydrochloride, ionic crystal radius, 341t biodegradable, 207t commercial azo initiator, 841t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t combustion constants, 422t
4,4 -Azobis[4-cyanovaleric acid], commercial azo principal characteristics, 327t definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t initiator, 841t residence time in sea water, 1133t heating value, 686t
1,1 -Azobis[cyclohexanecarbonitrile], commercial standard electrode potential, 31t as parent structure compound, 1090t azo initiator, 841t Barium [CAS: 7440–39–3], 171–172 from toluene, 1625
2,2 -Azobis[2,4-dimethyl]-pentanenitrile, commercial Barium glass, 1163t Benzene [CAS: 71–43–2], 191–192 azo initiator, 841t Barium hydride, physical properties, 795t Benzenesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t
2,2 -Azobis[isobutyronitrile], commercial azo Barium superoxide, 1580 Benzidine, definitely established workplace initiator, 841t Barium titanate carcinogen, 297t
2,2 -Azobis[4-methoxy-2,4-dimethyl]-pentanenitrile, dielectric permittivity, 852t Benzidine rearrangement, 1424 commercial azo initiator, 841t ultrasonic applications, 1637 Benzil rearrangement, 1424
2,2 -Azobis[2-methylbutyronitrile], commercial azo Barkers, 1379–1380 Benzine, 192 initiator, 841t Barley, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Benzoic acid Azo compound, 1169t Barlow rule, 172 carboxylic acid, 294 Azo dyes, 512t, 513 Barn (b), 1643t from toluene, 1624–1625 applications, 519 Barometric pressure, 172 Benzoic acid [CAS: 65–85–0], 192 Aztreonam, year of discovery/market introduction, Barrel (bbl), 1643t Benzoin, 192–193 106t Barrier (Moisture), 172 Benzophenone, physical properties, 900t Azurite, 166 Barrier layer, 172 1,2-Benzoquinone, physical properties, 1402t Barrier polymers, 172–175 1,4-Benzoquinone, 1401 Bartlett force, 1749 physical properties, 1402t B Barton, Derek H. R. (1918–1998), 175 Benzothiazolylrhodanines, sensitizer for Babbits, 923t Baryons, 175, 1396 semiconductors, 535t Babbitts, antimony content, 139t Barytocalcite, 175 Benzothiazolylstyryl dye, sensitizer for Babingtonite, 167 Basal metabolism, 175–176 semiconductors, 535t Bacillomycin F, activity and producing organism, Bases, 12–13 Benzoyl chloride, physical properties, 366t 128t Basic dyes, 512t Benzyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Bacillus anthracis, gram-positive, 168t applications, 519 Benzyl alcohol [CAS: 100–51–6], 193 Bacillus catarrhalis, ß-lactamase-producing Basic oxide, 176 Benzyl benzoate, dye carrier, 512t bacterium, 110t Basic salt, 176, 1456 Benzyl benzoate [CAS: 120–51–4], 193–194 Bacillus fragilis, ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, Basophils, 242t Benzyl chloride 110t Bastnasite, 176 physical properties, 366t Bacilysin, activity and producing organism, 128t Batteries, 176–180 from toluene, 1625 Bacitracin Batteries: lead-acid, 181–182 Benzyl cinnamate, physical properties, 585t activity and producing organism, 128t Batteries: other, 182–183 Benzyldimethyloctadecylammonium chloride, 1398 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Batteries: primary cells, 183–185 Benzyne, 194 Backdonation, of electrons by metals, 28 Batteries: secondary cells, 185–189 Benzyne cycloaddition, 1178 Back-Goudsmit effect, 167, 1773 Battery grid metal, 923t Berberine, 49t INDEX 1787

Berberine alkaloids, 49t vitamin B2, 1700 Bit per second (b/s), 1643t Berg, Paul (1926–), 194 vitamin B6, 1701 Bitter almond oil, 647t Bergamot oil, 194, 647t vitamin B12, 1702–1703 Bitter patterns, 239 Bergius, Frederick (1884–1949), 194 vitamin D, 1704 Bitumen, 239 Bergius process, 194 vitamin E, 1706 Bituminous coal, ignition temperature in air, 425t Bergius-Willstatter saccharification process, 194 vitamin K, 1707 Black body, 239 Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis, 194 Biochemical individuality, 202 Blackbody, 760 Bergmann degradation, 194 Biochemical nomenclature, 1090–1091 Black liquor, excess air for combustion, 426t Berkelium, 23t Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 202 Blagden law, 239 binary compound properties, 25–26t Biochemistry, 202, 711 Blanket insulation, insulation material, 857 electronic structure, 337t Biodegradability, 202–203 Blast-furnace gas, excess air for combustion, 426t interatomic distance, 342t Bioelectrochemistry, 203 Bleaching agents, 239–240 ionic crystal radius, 341t Biofilm reactor, 205t Blending, 1013–1016 oxidation states, 24t Biofiltration, 205t Blenoxane, DNA interactive agent, 357t physical properties, 24t Biofluffing, 205t Bleomycins, activity and producing organism, 128t principal characteristics, 327t Biogenesis, 928 Bleomycin sulfate USP, DNA interactive agent, 357t Berkelium [CAS: 7440–40–6], 194–195 Biogeochemistry, 203 Block glass, insulation material, 856t Berries, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Bioinorganic chemistry, 203 Block insulation, insulation material, 857 Berthellot, Claude Louis (1748–1822), 195 Bioleaching, 205t Blood, 240–247 Berthelot, Pierre Eugene Marcellin (1827–1907), Biological Abstracts, 769t Blood buffering, 8 195 Biological energy transfer, 203 Blood plasma, 242t, 244 Berthelot equation, 195 Biological fluidized bed, 205t Bloodstone, 248 Beryl, 195, 708 Biology, 203 Bloom, 248 dielectric permittivity, 852t Bioluminescence, 203–204, 946t Blue asbestos, 451 hardness, 1008t Biomass, as fuel, 1717–1718 Blue glow, 248 heat effect, 708t Biomimetic chemistry, 204 Blue quark, 1397 Beryllium, 48 Biopile, 205t BMY-25067, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, abundance, 330t, 1132t Biopolymers, 204 356t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Bioremediation, 205–210 Board insulation, insulation material, 857 covalent radius, 344t Biosensors, 210–211 Bodying and bulking agents (Foods), 248–249 crystal structure, 455 BIOSIS previews, 769t Bog manganese, 1709 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Bioslurping, 205t Bohrium, 24, 333 electronic structure, 336t Biosolids, 1725 electronic structure, 337t interatomic distance, 342t Biosparging, 205t principal characteristics, 328t ionic crystal radius, 341t Biosterol, 1698 Boiler water treatment, 1738–1746, 1738–1746 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Biostimulation, 205t Boiling curve, 249 principal characteristics, 327t Biotechnology, microgravity applications, 741 Boiling point, 249 Beryllium [CAS: 7440–41–7], 195–197 Biotechnology (bioprocess engineering), 211–233 Boiling point constant, 249–250 Beryllium-copper, 439t timeline of major events, 212–216t Boiling point elevation, 250 Beryllium hydride, physical properties, 795t Biotin, 235–236 Boiling water nuclear reactor, 1102–1106 Berzelius, J. J. (1779–1848), 197 constituent of human blood, 242t Boise de rose oil, 647t Bessel function, 197 Biotite, 236 Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844–1906), 250 Best, Charles H. (1899–1978), 197 abrasion pH, 1t Boltzmann’s distribution law, 250–251 Beta decay, 198, 1406 mineralogical properties, 993t Boltzmann’s H-theorem, 903 Beta radiation, 1407 Biotransformation, 205t Boltzmann transport equation, 251 Beta-ray chemical analyzers, 198 Biotrickling filter, 205t Bond (Chemical), 251 Bettendorf’s reagent, 198 Bioventing, 205t Bond angle, 346 Betterton-Kroll process, 198 Biowall, 205t Bonded abrasives, 2 Bialaphos, activity and producing organism, 128t Biphenyl, 236–237 Bond energies, 343t, 346 Bicarbonate dye carrier, 512t Boracite, 251 constituent of human blood, 242t N,N
-Bis-(3-aminopropyl)-ethylenediamine, physical Borane, 251 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t properties, 483t Borarsane, 254 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, 49t Borate minerals, 1012 Bicozamycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Bis[chloromethyl]ether, definitely established Borates, 253–254 Bicyclic alkane, 1169t workplace carcinogen, 297t Borax, 251 Bicyclomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t S-Bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether), flame retardant, 640t in water-soluble flame retardant formulation, Bile, 198–199 2,2-Bis[4,4-di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexyl]propane, 642t Bile acids, constituent of human blood, 242t boiling point, 1234t Borazine, 254 Bilirubin, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Bis(2-hydroxyethyl ether), flame retardant, 640t Borehole bioreactor, 205t Bimetal thermometer, 200 1,3-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 794 Boric acid, in water-soluble flame retardant Binary, 200 Bismaleimide polymers, 237 formulation, 642t Binary alloy, 56 Bismuth Boric acid [CAS: 1303–86–2], 253 Binary compound, 428 abundance, 330t, 1132t Boriding, 763t Binders, use in food processing, 671t electronic structure, 337t Born, Max (1882–1970), 252 Binding energy, 200–202 interatomic distance, 342t Bornite, 251–252 Bioactive barrier, 205t ionic crystal radius, 341t Born-Oppenheimer approximation, 252 Bioactive zone, 205t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Borohydrides, 796 Bioaugmentation, 205t principal characteristics, 327t Boron Bioavailability. See also specific Mineral Bismuth [CAS: 7440–69–9], 237–238 abundance, 330t, 1132t micronutrients Bismuthinite, 239 covalent radius, 344t pharmaceuticals, 1263 Bismuth solder, 238t electronic structure, 336t vitamin A, 1699 Bit (b), 1643t interatomic distance, 342t 1788 INDEX

Boron (continued ) Brookite, 259 n-Butyl alcohol, physical properties, 262t ionic crystal radius, 341t Broom corn, 632t sec-Butyl alcohol, physical properties, 262t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Broom root, 632t tert-Butyl alcohol, physical properties, 262t plant micronutrient, 613t Brown, Herbert C. (1912–), 259–260 Butyl alcohols, 262–263 plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., Brown coal, 929–930 9-Butyl-10-anthrylpropionic acid, Langmuir-Blodgett 616t Brownian motion, 260 films made from, 1018 principal characteristics, 327t Brucella abortus, gram-negative, 168t Butylate, environmental health advisories, 771t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 Brucella suis, gram-negative, 168t tert-Butyl-benzeneperoxy sulfonate, properties, 1239t Boron carbide Brucine, 49t Butyl benzoate, dye carrier, 512t hardness, 755t Brucite, 261 Butyl butyrate, physical properties, 585t plasma synthesis, 318t Brush-heap structure, 706 tert-Butyl 2-carboxy-peroxy-benzoate, properties, Boron [CAS: 7440–42–8], 252–254 Bryamycin, activity and producing organism, 128t 1239t Boron halides, 254 Buchner, Eduard (1860–1917), 261 tert-Butyl p-chloro-benzeneperoxy sulfonate, Boron nitride, 254 Buckminsterfullerene (Buckyballs), 261 properties, 1239t dielectric permittivity, 852t Buckyballs, 261 tert-Butyl tert-cumyl peroxide, physical properties, plasma synthesis, 318t Budding, viruses, 1693 1232t Boron sulfide, 254 Buffer (Chemical), 261 tert-Butyl N,N-dimethyl peroxycarbamate, Boron trifluoride, as acid, 13 Buffering capacity, of lakes, 9 properties, 1239t Borosilicate glass, 1163t Bufotenine, 754 tert-Butyldioxytriethylplumbane, physical properties, Borosilicate glasses, 725 Bulking agents (Foods), 248–249 1232t Bosons, 254 Bulk polymerization, 1342 1-Butylene, melting range, 1546t Boston Harbor Project, 1731 Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm (1811–1899), 262 Butylenes, 263–264 Bostonite, 254 Bupivacaine, 100t n-Butyl ether, physical properties, 587t Bottom quark, 1397 Buprenex, 93t Butyl ethyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Bottromycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Buprenorphine, 93t tert-Butyl 2-ethyl-peroxy-haxonoate, properties, Botulism, 90 Burette, 262 1239t Bouguer and Lambert law, 254–255 Busulfan USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Butyl formate, physical properties, 585t Boulangerite, 255 356t O,O-tert-Butyl O-hydrogen monoperoxymaleate, cis Bournonite, 255 -1,4-Butadiene, melting range, 1546t properties, 1239t trans-1,4-Butadiene, melting range, 1546t Boyle, Robert (1627–1691), 255 n-Butyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t 1,2-Butadiene, physical properties, 263t Boyle-Charles law, 255 sec-Butyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t 1,3-Butadiene, 262 Boyle’s law, 255 tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t physical properties, 263t Bragg, Sir William Lawrence (1890–1971), 256 tert-Butyl 1-hydroxybutyl peroxide, boiling point, Butadiene [CAS: 106–99–0], 262 Bragg’s curve, 255 1234t Butane Bragg’s law, 255, 1759 tert-Butyl 1-hydroxyethyl peroxide, boiling point, heating value, 686t Bragg spectrometer, 255–256 1234t measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Bragg’s rule, 256 tert-Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl peroxide, physical n-Butane Branched alkane, 1169t properties, 1232t combustion constants, 422t Brass, representative alloys, 440t tert-Butyl hydroxymethyl peroxide, boiling point, physical properties, 263t Brayton cycle, 1511–1512 1234t in Texas natural gas, 1054t Brazing, 256–257 O,O-tert-Butyl O-isopropyl monoperoxycarbonate, 1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid, 34 Brewster angle, 257 properties, 1239t Butanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Brick clay, analysis, 316t Butyl methacrylate, 17, 20 1,4-Butanediol, 46 physical properties, 988t Bridged hydrocarbon ring systems, 1173 from allyl alcohol, 59 tert-Butyl p-methoxy-benzeneperoxy sulfonate, Brightness meter, 1294–1295 2,3-Butanedione, physical properties, 900t properties, 1239t Brilliant cut, 707 Butanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t tert-Butyl p-methyl-benzeneperoxy sulfonate, Brinase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t 2-Butanone properties, 1239t Brinell hardness scale, 755 permeation in selected barrier polymers, 174t tert-Butyl methyl peroxide, physical properties, Brinell hardness test, 257 physical properties, 900t 1232t Britannia metal, antimony content, 139t cis-2-Butene, physical properties, 263t tert-Butyl peroxyacetate, properties, 1239t British thermal unit (Btu), 1643t n-Butene, combustion constants, 422t tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate, properties, 1239t Brochantite, 257 trans-2-Butene, physical properties, 263t tert-Butyl peroxydecanoate, properties, 1239t Bromacil, environmental health advisories, 771t 1-Butene, physical properties, 263t, 1150t tert-Butyl peroxypivalate, properties, 1239t Bromelain, therapeutic enzyme, 574t 3-buten-2-one, physical properties, 900t tert-Butyl peroxystearate, properties, 1239t Brominated polystyrene, low molecular weight, Buthidazole, environmental health advisories, 771t tert flame retardant, 640t Butorphanol, 93t -Butylperoxytrimethylsilane, physical properties, Bromination, 1180 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, physical properties, 1232t Bromine, 754 585t tert-Butylperoxytrimethylstannane, physical absolute index, 1426t 2-Butoxyethyl acetate, physical properties, 585t properties, 1232t abundance, 330t, 1132t Butvar resins, 1676t sec-Butyl perxanthate, 1755 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Butyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Butyl sealants, 1463 covalent radius, 344t sec-Butyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Butyl stearate, physical properties, 585t electronic structure, 336t t-Butyl acetate, physical properties, 585t tert-Butyl triethylgermanium peroxide, physical ionic crystal radius, 341t Butyl acrylate, physical properties, 585t properties, 1232t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t n-Butyl acrylate n-Butyl vinyl ether, physical properties, 1690t principal characteristics, 327t physical properties, 18t n-Butyl xanthic acid, 1755 standard electrode potential, 31t physical properties of polymers, 18t Bytownite, 607 Bromine [CAS: 7726–95–6], 257–259 sec-Butyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, Bromoform, 7 18t Bromopicrin, physical properties, 1081t t-Butyl acrylate, physical properties, 18t C Bronze, 440t tert-Butyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, CAB Abstracts, 769t representative alloys, 440t 18t Cable sheath, 923t INDEX 1789

Cabochon, 706 Calcium carbonate [CAS: 1337–65–3], 269–270 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t Cadmium Calcium [CAS: 7440–70–2], 267–269 in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t abundance, 330t, 1132t Calcium chloride [CAS: 10043–52–4], 268, 270 Caproic acid [CAS: 142–61–1], 277 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Calcium chromate [CAS: 13765–19–0], 268 Caprolactam, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t covalent radius, 344t Calcium citrate, acidulant, 14 Caprolactam [CAS: 105–60–2], 277 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Calcium cyanamide [CAS: 156–62–7], 268 Caprylic acid electronic structure, 336t Calcium fluoride [CAS: 7789–75–5], 268 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous Calcium formate [CAS: 544–17–2], 268 in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t discharge, 985t Calcium furoate, 268 Capryllactam, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t in hazardous waste, 1711t Calcium gluconate, acidulant, 14 Capsid, 1693 interatomic distance, 342t Calcium hydride, physical properties, 795t Capsomeres, 1693 ionic crystal radius, 341t Calcium hydride [CAS: 7789–78–8], 268 Caranda wax, 1747 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Calcium hypochlorite [CAS: 7778–54–3], 269 Carat, 707 principal characteristics, 327t Calcium hypophosphite [CAS: 7789–79–9], 269 Caraway oil, 647t standard electrode potential, 31t Calcium iodide [CAS: 10102–68–8], 269 Carbamates, 277 water quality indicator, 1726 Calcium lactate [CAS: 814–80–2], 269 Carbamazepine, target of medical diagnostic test, Cadmium arsenide, 266 Calcium malate [CAS: 17482–42–7], 269 975t Cadmium carbonate, 266 Calcium nitrate [CAS: 10124–37–5], 269 Carbamide, 1650 Cadmium [CAS: 7440–43–9], 265–266 Calcium oxalate, 269, 1185 Carbamidine, 747 Cadmium-copper, 439t Calcium oxide, alkalizer, 14 Carbamoyltransferases, 571t Cadmium electroplating, 557t Calcium oxide [CAS: 1305–78–8], 269 Carbanion, 277 Cadmium nitride, 266 Calcium ricinoleate, as release agent, 1435t Carbene, 277 Cadmium oxide, 266 Calcium silicate, insulation material, 857 Carbene addition, 1177–1178 Cadmium selenide, colorant for glass, 725t Calcium silicates, 269 Carbenicillin, year of discovery/market introduction, Cadmium sulfide, 266 Calcium soap greases, 743 106t colorant for glass, 725t Calcium sulfate, 749 Carbides, 277 Cadmium telluride, 266 Calcium sulfate [CAS: 10101–11–4], 273–274 Carbogels, 43 Caffeine, 50 Calcium sulfate [CAS: 10101–41–4], 269 Carbohydrate abnormalities, genetic influence, 716 Cairngorm stone, 267 Calcium sulfide [CAS: 20548–54–3], 269 Carbohydrates, 278–284 Calaverite, 267 Calcium sulfite [CAS: 10257–55–3], 269 Carbohydrate water-soluble polymers, 1736–1737 Calcalkalic rocks, 49 Calcium superoxide, 1580 Carbon Calcareous spoil, 1439t Calcium tartrate, 269 abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Calcination, 267 Calco-uranite, 165 amount in pure irons, 877t Calcined magnesia, physical properties, 1428t Caliche, 274 combustion constants, 422t Calcite, 267 Californium, 23t combustion reactions, 423t abrasion pH, 1t binary compound properties, 25–26t covalent radius, 344t hardness, 2t, 755t electronic structure, 337t electronic structure, 336t Calcium, 49 interatomic distance, 342t heating value, 686t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t ionic crystal radius, 341t ignition temperature in air (coals), 425t biologically active chelates, 323t oxidation states, 24t ionic crystal radius, 341t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t physical properties, 24t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t covalent radius, 344t principal characteristics, 327t polymorphic forms, 1009t electronic structure, 336t Californium [CAS: 7440–71–3], 274 principal characteristics, 327t essential mineral nutrient, 1001–1002, 1002t Calorescence, 274 Carbonado, 289 hard water, 1726 Calorie (International Table) (cal), 1643t Carbon aerogels, 42 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Calorie (Thermochemical Calorie) (cal), 1643t Carbonate, 289 interatomic distance, 342t Calorimetry, 274–276 Carbonate minerals, 1012 ionic crystal radius, 341t Calorizing, 276 Carbon black, 289 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Calvin, Melvin (1911–1997), 276 Carbon boride, 254 plant micronutrient, 613t Camphor, 276 Carbon/carbon composites, 739 principal characteristics, 327t Camphor oil, 647t Carbon-carbon lyases, 571t residence time in sea water, 1133t Canaga oil, 647t Carbon [CAS: 7440–44–0], 284–288 standard electrode potential, 31t Cancrinite, 276 Carbon dioxide target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Candela (cd), 1643t absolute index, 1426t water quality indicator, 1726 Candelilla wax, 1747 combustion constants, 422t Calcium (In Biological Systems), 270–273 Candida, 1769 constituent of human blood, 242t Calcium acetate, 6 Candida japonica, 1767 crystal structure, 455 Calcium acetate [CAS: 62–54–4], 268 Candida tropicalis, 1767 density, 474t Calcium alginate, 748t Candida utilis, 176, 1768 diffusion and solubility coefficients in barrier Calcium aluminate [CAS: 065997–16-], 268 Cane sugar, 1563–1564 polymers, 173t Calcium aluminate cement, physical properties, Cannizzaro, Stanislao (1826–1910), 276 gas separation, 39t 1428t Cannizzaro reaction, 276 girbotol adsorption, 723 Calcium aluminosilicates, 268 Cantala, 632t as greenhouse gas, 743–744 Calcium arsenate [CAS: 7778–44–1], 268 Cape ruby, 705 mass peaks and relative intensities, 973t Calcium arsenite [CAS: 52740–16–6], 268 Capillarity, 276–277 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Calcium borates, 268 Capillary, 277 percentage in air, 46t Calcium bromide [CAS: 7789–41–5], 268 Capillary condensation, 36 permeability in barrier polymers, 172t Calcium carbide [CAS: 75–20–7], 268 Capped steels, 58 removal from raw water, 1724 Calcium carbonate Capreomycins, activity and producing organism, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t alkalizer, 14 128t in Texas natural gas, 1054t dielectric permittivity, 852t Capric acid [CAS: 334–48–5], 277 Carbon dioxide [CAS: 124–38–9], 290–291 Calcium carbonate [CAS: 1317–65–3], 268 Caproic acid Carbon dioxide lasers, wavelength range, 910t 1790 INDEX

Carbon disulfide [CAS: 75–15–0], 291–292 Carrier, 301 Cellulose [CAS: 9004–34–6], 309–310 Carbon fiber Carrier (Food Additive), 301 Cellulose cotton, dielectric permittivity, 852t generic designation and definition, 622t Carrolite, cobalt source, 410t Cellulose diacetate, dyeing, 524 physical properties, 1139t Cartridge brass, 440t Cellulose ester fibers, 629–630 Carbon group, 292–293 Cascade, 301 Cellulose ester plastics (Organic), 310–312 Carbon-halide lyases, 571t CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry number), Cellulose esters, dyeing, 524 Carbonic anhydrase 301 Cellulose triacetate, 311 metal chelate enzyme, 323t Case hardening, 301 dielectric permittivity, 852t source and function, 986t Casein, 1000 dyeing, 524 Carbonitriding, 293, 763t Casein [CAS: 9005–46–3], 301 fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Carbonium ion, 293 CASE polyurethanes, 1655–1656 Cellulosic-acrylic fiber blends, dyeing, 524 Carbon molecular sieves, commercial gas adsorption Cassia oil, 647t Cellulosic adhesives, 33 processes, 39t Cassiterite, 301 Cellulosic fibers, insulation material, 856t, 857 Carbon monoxide Cast ferrous metals, 57–58 Cellulosic-nylon fiber blends, dyeing, 524 air pollution, 1328 Casting, 301–303 Cellulosic-polyester fiber blends, dyeing, 524 combustion constants, 422t Cast iron, magnetic properties, 955t Cellulosics (Applications), 312 combustion reactions, 423t Castor oil, 303 Cell wall, wood, 1751 gas separation, 39t as release agent, 1435t Celsius, Ander, 312 heating value, 686t Castorseed oil, 1671 Celsius temperature scale, 312, 1599 ignition temperature in air, 425t Catalase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Cement, 312–314 mass peaks and relative intensities, 973t Catalysis, 303–306 Cementite, 314 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Catalytically cracked gasoline, 1255 Center for the History of Chemistry (CHOC), Carbon monoxide [CAS: 630–08–0], 293 Catalytic converter, 307 314–315 Carbon-nitrogen lyases, 571t Catalytic cracker, 1255 Center of mass, 971 Carbon steels, 57–58, 58, 775 Catalytic cracking, 304t, 304–305 Centi, 1643t Carbon suboxide, 293–294, 898 Catalytic reformate, 1255 Centigrade temperature scale, 3, 1599 Carbon-sulfur lyases, 571t Catalytic reformer, 1255 Centrifugation, 315–316 Carbon tetrabromide, physical properties, 286t Catalytic reforming, 304t, 305 Centrifuge, 315–316 Carbon tetrachloride Catenation compound, 428 Cephalexin physical properties, 286t Cathode, 307 properties, 113t physical properties, 366t Cathodoluminescence, 946t year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Carbon tetrachloride [CAS: 56–23–5], 294 Cation, 307 Cephalosporin antibiotics, 112–114 Carbon tetrafluoride, physical properties, 286t Cationic acids and bases, 13 Cephalosporin C Carbon tetraiodide, physical properties, 286t Cationic initiators, 839–840 properties, 113t Carbonyl group, analysis, 97 CAT scanner, 1761–1762 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Carbon-zinc cell, characteristics, 184t Cat’s-eye, 307 Cephalosporin N, year of discovery/market Carbon-zinc cells, 183 Caustic (Chemical), 307 introduction, 106t cell reactions, energy content, and Cavendish, Henry (1731–1810), 308 Cephalosporin P, year of discovery/market manufacturers, 179t Cave stalagmite/stalactite, 1536 introduction, 106t Carboplatin USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking Cavitand, 308 Cephalothin agent, 356t Cavitatation, 308–309, 1525 properties, 113t Carborane, 294 Cavitation, 1638 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Carbo-wax, 1748 Cech, R. Thomas (1947–), 309 Cephaloxidine, year of discovery/market Carboxylic acid, 1169t, 1173 Cedar leaf oil, 647t introduction, 106t Carboxylic acids, 12, 294–295 Cedarwood oil, 647t Cephamycin C, properties, 113t Carboxylic ester hydrolases, 571t Cefotaxime, year of discovery/market introduction, Ceramics, 316–318 Carboxyl-lyases, 571t 106t Cerium Carboxyltransferases, 571t Cefoxitin, year of discovery/market introduction, abundance, 330t, 1132t Carboxypeptidase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t 106t electronic structure, 336t Carburetion, 295 Celestite, 309 interatomic distance, 342t Carburetor, 295 Celion, 622t ionic crystal radius, 341t Carburizing, 295–296, 763t Cellophane nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Carcinogens, 296–300 dielectric permittivity, 852t principal characteristics, 327t Cardiac glycosides, 735 as release agent, 1435t properties, 1421t, 1422t Carmustine USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking Cellular elastomers, insulation material, 857 Cermets, 383 agent, 356t Cellular glass, insulation material, 856t, 857 Cerubidine, DNA interactive agent, 357t Carnallite, 300 Cellular polystyrene, insulation material, 857 Ceruloplasmin, source and function, 986t Carnauba wax, 1747 Cellular polyurethane, insulation material, 857 Cerussite, 319 as release agent, 1435t Cellular rubber, insulation material, 856t Cervilaxin, where produced, structure, and principal use in food processing, 671t Cellulose, 1751 functions, 788t Carnelian, 300 dyeing, 512–522 Cesium, 48 heat effect, 708t heating value, 686t abundance, 330t, 1132t Carnosinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t use in food processing, 671t covalent radius, 344t Carnot cycle, 3, 300 as water-soluble polymer, 1737 electronic structure, 336t Carnotite, 300 Cellulose acetate, 311 interatomic distance, 342t Carnot theorems, 301 physical properties of rigid foamed plastics, 664t ionic crystal radius, 341t Caroa, 632t production methods for cellular, 664t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Carob-bean gum, 748t Cellulose acetate butyrate, 311 principal characteristics, 327t Carotenoids, 1602 outdoor stability, 990t Cesium [CAS: 7440–46–2], 319–320 Carothers, Wallace H. (1896–1937), 301 Cellulose acetate propionate, 311 Cesium chloride, crystal structure, 455 Carpaine, 49t Cellulose acetates, ultrafiltration media application, Cesium-137 gamma radiation, 703 Carrageenan, 748t 1635 Cesium hydride, physical properties, 795t INDEX 1791

Cesium superoxide, 1580 Chlorargyrite, 364 constituent of human blood, 242t Cgs system of units, 1645 Chlordane, definitely established workplace target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Chabazite, 320 carcinogen, 297t Cholesterol [CAS: 57–88–5], 373–374 composition, 1034t Chlorendic acid, flame retardant, 640t Cholesterol esterase, properties as diagnostic Chadwick, James (1891–1974), 320 Chloride enzyme, 976t Chain-growth polymerization, 1346 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Cholesterol esters, constituent of human blood, 242t Chalcanthite, 320 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Cholesterol oxidase, properties as diagnostic Chalcedony, 320–321, 893 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t enzyme, 976t heat effect, 708t water quality indicator, 1726 Choline, 374–375 Chalcocite, 321 Chloride anodes, 982 constituent of human blood, 242t Chalcopyrite, 321 Chloride (Biological aspects), 364–366 Choline acylase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Chalk, 321 Chlorimuron, ethyl, environmental health advisories, Cholinesterase, 374–375 Chamosite, 871t 771t m-Cholorophenol, physical properties, 366t Chappius bands, 3 Chlorinated organics, 366–370 Chondrite meteorites, 599–600 Characteristic equation, 321 Chlorinated rubber, alkyd resins with, 54 Chondrodite, 375 Charcoal, ignition temperature in air, 425t Chlorination, 1180, 1722 Chromate minerals, 1012 Chardonnet, H. (1839–1924), 321 Chlorination (Water), 370–371 Chromates, 382–383 Charge-mass ratio, 321 Chlorination-amination, 1178 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Charles law, 321–322 Chlorine, 754 Chromatin, 375 Charm, quarks, 1397 abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Chromatography, 375–380 Charnockite, 322 covalent radius, 344t Chromel-alumel thermocouples, temperature range, Chelates and chelation, 322–323 density, 474t 1605t Chelating agents, for boiler water treatment, 1744 electronic structure, 336t Chromel-constantan thermocouples, temperature Chemical Abstracts search, 769t essential mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1003 range, 1605t Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS), ionic crystal radius, 341t Chrome ore, physical properties, 1428t 324 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Chromic acid, purification, 863t Chemical activity, 29 principal characteristics, 327t Chromic oxide, colorant for glass, 725t Chemical affinity, 324 reagent for sulfonation, with sulfur dioxide, Chromite, 380 Chemical analysis, 93–96 1566t Chromium Chemical association, 153–154 standard electrode potential, 31t abundance, 330t, 1132t Chemical bond, 251 Chlorine [CAS: 7782–50–5], 371–372 biologically active chelates, 323t Chemical composition, 324–326 Chlorine pentafluoride, as propellant, 1447t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Chemical-composition variables, 1670 Chlorine trifluoride, as propellant, 1447t covalent radius, 344t Chemical compounds, 427–429 Chlorinity, 373 electronic structure, 336t Chemical decomposition, 471 Chlorite, 373 EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous Chemical degradation, 471–472 Chloritoid, 373 discharge, 985t Chemical elements, 326–347 Chloroacetic acid, physical properties, 366t in hazardous waste, 1711t abundance, 330t Chlorobenzene, physical properties, 366t interatomic distance, 342t electronic structure, 336t 2-Chloro-1,4-benzoquinone, physical properties, ionic crystal radius, 341t principal characteristics, 327–328t 1402t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Chemical equation, 347–348 Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 373 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Chemical equilibrium, 348–349 as greenhouse gas, 744 physical properties of high temperature, 774t Chemical formula, 349–350 Chloroform, 7, 100t principal characteristics, 327t Chemical indicators, 825 physical properties, 366t standard electrode potential, 31t Chemical intermediate, 858 2-Chloro-1-hydroperoxycyclohexanol, 1234t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Chemical Manufacturer’s Association (CMA), 350 3-Chloro-1,2-naphthoquinone, physical properties, water quality indicator, 1726 Chemical microscopy, 999 1402t Chromium ammonium sulfate, 86 Chemical oxygen demand, 1192 Chloroorienticins A, B, C, D, E (PA-45052), Chromium [CAS: 7440–47–3], 380–383 Chemical potential, 29, 350–351 producing organism, 118t Chromium-copper, 439t Chemical reaction rate, 351–354 m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid, 1236t Chromium electroplating, 557t Chemical synthesis, 1591–1592 o-Chlorophenol, physical properties, 366t Chromium plating, 381–382 Chemiluminescence, 946t, 946–947 p-Chlorophenol, physical properties, 366t Chromium(VI), definitely established workplace Chemisorption, 36, 354 Chlorophylls, 373–374 carcinogen, 297t Chemosphere, 156 Chloropicrin, physical properties, 1081t Chromizing, 383, 763t Chemotherapeutics, anticancer, 354–359 Chloropolysporin A, producing organism, 118t Chromogenic couplers, 383 ChemTrec, 350 Chloropolysporin B, producing organism, 118t Chromophore, 383 Chert, 359, 893 Chloropolysporin C, producing organism, 118t Chromophoric electrons, 383 Chicken pox vaccine, 1659 Chloroprene rubber, physical properties of flexible Chrysoberyl, 384 Chiller, 760 foamed plastics, 665t Chrysocolla, 384 China clay, 359 Chloroprocaine, 100t Chrysotile, 149–150, 384 China jute, 632t Chloropropham, environmental health advisories, physical and chemical properties, 150t Chinese insect wax, 1746 771t Chymotrypsin, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Chiral pharmaceuticals, 1265–1269 Chlorosulfuric acid, reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Cilofungin, activity and producing organism, 128t Chiral separations, 359–364 Chlorotrianisene USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Cinchona alkaloids, 49t Chloral, physical properties, 366t Chloroxuron, environmental health advisories, 771t Cinchonine, 49t Chloral hydrate, physical properties, 366t Chlorsulfuron, environmental health advisories, 771t Conical chemistry, 388 Chloramben, environmental health advisories, 771t Chlortetracycline, year of discovery/market Cinnabar, 384 Chlorambucil USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking introduction, 106t Cinnamon oil, 647t agent, 356t Chlortetracyline, year of discovery, 130t Circular dichrograph, 1295 Chloramphenicol, year of discovery/market Cholecalciferol, 1703 Circular mil (cmil), 1643t introduction, 106t Cholera vaccine, 1660 Circulins, activity and producing organism, 128t Chloramphenicol antibiotics, 114–116 Cholesterol, 733–734 Cirtullinemia, genetic influence, 716 1792 INDEX

Cisplatin USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, biologically active chelates, 323t Compton effect, gamma rays from, 704 356t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Computational chemistry, 430 Cis-trans isomerases, 571t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM), Cistron, 712 covalent radius, 344t 1028 Citric acid, 282t electronic structure, 336t Computer graphics, molecular modeling application, acidulant, 14 interatomic distance, 342t 1028 carboxylic acid, 294 ionic crystal radius, 341t Computerized tomography (CT), 1761–1762 purification, 863t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Computional methods, for molecular modeling, Citric acid [CAS: 77–92–9], 384 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t 1028–1029 Citric acid cycle, 1596–1597 physical properties of high temperature, 774t Conalbumin, source and function, 986t Citrine, 384, 708 principal characteristics, 327t Conant, James Bryant (1893–1978), 430 Citrobacter trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Concentration (Chemical), 430 amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Cobalt [CAS: 7440–48–4], 409–412 Concentration (Process), 430–431 ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t Cobaltiferous pyrite, cobalt source, 410t Concrete, 431 Citronella oil, 647t Cobalt (In Biological Systems), 412 Condensate, 431 Citrus, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Cobaltite, 412 Condensation, yeast participation, 1769t CIVEX fuel reprocessing system, 1647 Cobalt-nickel, thin-film applications, 958t Condensation compound, 428 Clad aluminum alloys, 67–68 Cobalt-nickel-phosphorus, thin-film applications, Condensation curve, 249 Claims/U.S. patent abstracts, 769t 958t Condensation polymerization, 1181 Clarifying agents, 384–385 Cobalt oxide, colorant for glass, 725t Condensing enzyme, 282t Clarithromycin, commercial products, 121t Cobalt-phosphorus, thin-film applications, 958t Conduction heat transfer, 758–759 Classifying (Process), 385–386 Cobalt superalloys, 776 Congenital adrenal plasia, genetic influence, 716 Clathrate compound, 428 Cocaine, 49t, 50 Coniferin, 734t Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, 39 Coconut oil, 1671 Coniine, 49t Clays, 385–388 characteristics and properties, 1672–1673t Conjugate acid, 12 Clean Air Act, 1711t higher alcohol manufacture from, 47 Conjugate base, 12 Acid Rain program, 9, 11–12 Codamine, 49t Conjugated double bonds, 346 Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), Codeine, 49t, 50, 91, 1041 Connate water, 431–432 11 Coenzymes, 412–415 Conservation laws and symmetry, 432–434 Clean Water Act, 1711t Coir, 632t Consolute liquids, 434 Cleerspan, 624t Coke-oven gas, excess air for combustion, 426t Consolute temperature, 434 Clindamycin, year of discovery/market introduction, Colchicine, 50–51 Constantan, thermal conductivity, 758t 106t Cold-cathode ionization vacuum gage, 1664 Constituent, 434 Clinical chemistry, automated instrumentation Cold fusion, 699 Constructed wetland, 205t applications, 161–163 Cold-rolled steel, magnetic properties, 955t Contact angle, 1584 Clinoptilolite, composition, 1034t Cold-worked steel, 415 Contact potential difference, 435 Clinoril, 93t Colemanite, 415 Contractile proteins, 434–435, 1374 Clinozoisite, 388, 1779 Colistin, activity and producing organism, 128t Contractility, 434–435 Clopyralid, environmental health advisories, 771t Collagen, 415 Convection, 435 Closed-loop bioremediation, 205t Collagen abnormalities, genetic influence, 716 Convection heat transfer, 759 Clostridium botulinum, 90 Collagenase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Conversion, 435 and food processing, 672 Colloid chemistry, 415 Conversion coatings, 435–436 Clostridium butyricum, gram-positive, 168t Colloid systems, 415–419 Conversion ratio, 436 Clostridium septicum, gram-positive, 168t Color, quarks, 1397 Coolant, 436 Clostridium sordelli, gram-positive, 168t Color addition, 31–32 Coordination compounds, 437 Clostridium tetani, gram-positive, 168t Colorants (Food), 419–420 Coordination number, 437 Clostridium welchii, gram-positive, 168t Color centers, 420 Coordination polyhedra, 437 Clothing wools, 1752 Color-difference meter, 1295 Copaline, 437 Cloud point, 388 Colored glass, 725–726 Copalite, 437 Clove oil, 647t Color film, 1291–1292 Copper Club fungi, 1767 Colorimeter, 1295 abundance, 330t, 1132t CNS depressants, chiral, 1268 Colorimetry, 420 amount in pure irons, 877t Coacervation, 388–389 Colour Index (CI), 512, 527 biologically active chelates, 323t Coagulation, 45, 389 Columbite, 420 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t in water treatment, 1723 Columbium corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Coagulation factor VIII, therapeutic enzyme, 574t abundance, 330t crystal structure, 455 Coagulation (Hofmeister series), 389 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t density, 474t Coal, 389–400 Combined sewers, 1724 electronic structure, 336t excess air for combustion, 426t Combing wools, 1752 EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous revegetation after mining, 1439–1440 Combustion, in microgravity, 741 discharge, 985t Coal conversion (Clean Coal) processes, 400–406 Combustion (Fuels), 420–427 hardness of cold-rolled, 755t Coal-tar analgesics, 92–93 Common ion effect, 427 interatomic distance, 342t Coal tar-creosote, wood preservative, 1752 Comparative biology, 427 ionic crystal radius, 341t Coarse vacuum, 1661t Compet, 623t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Coar tar and derivatives, 406–409 Complex compound, 428 modulus and rigidity, 538t Coated abrasives, 2 Composite materials, 427 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Coating agents (Foods), 409 Composting, 205t plant micronutrient, 613t Coatings, 1196–1203 Compound (Chemical), 427–429 plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., CoA-transferases, 571t Comprehensive Environmental Response, 616t Cobalamin, 1701–1703 Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund), principal characteristics, 327t Cobalt 1711t purification, 863t abundance, 330t, 1132t Compression (gas), 429–430 residence time in sea water, 1133t INDEX 1793

standard electrode potential, 31t Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, 1696 Cupronickels, 440t thermal conductivity, 758t Crick, Francis Harry Compton (1916–), 449–450 Cuprous acetylide, 8 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 Crin vegetal, 632t Cuprous cyanide, 441 Copper acetate, 6 Cristobalite, crystal structure, 455 Cuprous iodide, 441 Copper alloys, 58 Critical composition, 450 Cuprous oxide, 441 Copper-cadmium cells, 186t Critical concentration, 450 colorant for glass, 725t Copper carbonate, 441 Critical density, 450 Curie, Marie (1867–1934), 462 Copper [CAS: 7440–50–8], 437–441 Critical humidity, 793 Curie, Pierre (1859–1906), 462 Copper chromate, wood preservative, 1752 Critical mass, 450, 1102 Curie (Ci), 1643t Copper-constantan thermocouples, temperature Critical point, 450 Curie point, 462 range, 1605t Critical solution temperature, 450 Curie temperature, 462 Copper glance, 321 Critical temperature, 450 Curie-Weiss law, 462 Copper (In Biological Systems), 442–443 Critical volume, 450 Curium, 23t Copper-lead cells, 186t Crocidolite, 149–150 binary compound properties, 25–26t Copper-zinc cells, rechargeable, 186t physical and chemical properties, 150t electronic structure, 337t Coquimbite, abrasion pH, 1t Crocidolite (Blue asbestos), 451 interatomic distance, 342t Corbino effect, 752 Crocoite, 451 ionic crystal radius, 341t Cordierite, 443 Crospovidones, 1680 oxidation state, 24t Corey, Elias James (1928–), 443 Crotonylene, 55 physical properties, 24t Cork, 443 Crucible, 451 principal characteristics, 327t density, 474t Crude oil pipelines, 1259–1260 Curium [CAS: 7440–51–9], 462–463 Corn, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Cryochemistry, 451 Curl, Robert F., Jr. (1933–), 463 Cornforth, John (1917–), 443 Cryogenic materials, 451 Cut rubber thread, 631 Cornmint oil, 647t Cryogenic pumping, 1663 physical properties, 631t Corn oil, 1671 Cryogenics, 451–452 Cyamelide, 464 Corrosion, 443–446 Cryohydrate, 452 Cyanamide [CAS: 420–04–2], 464 Corrosion embrittlement, 446 Cryohydric point, 452 Cyanamides, 464 Corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Cryolite, 452–453 Cyanazine, environmental health advisories, 771t Corsite, 446 Cryopump, 453 Cyanic acid and related compounds, 464 Corticosteroids, 35 Cryoscope, 453 Cyanin, 734t Corticosterone, 35 Cryoscopic constant, 453 Cyanoacetic acid, 964 Cortisol, 35 Cryotron, 453 Cyanoacrylates, monomer reactivity and suitable commercial microbial transformations used to Cryptococcus neoformans, 1769 initiator for, 838t produce, 1550t Cryptocrystalline, 453 2-Cyanoacrylic ester polymers, 18–19 where produced, structure, and principal Cryptopine, 49t Cyanocobalamin, 1701 functions, 786t Cryptopine alkaloids, 49t Cyanogen [CAS: 460–19–5], 465 Cortisone, 35, 93 Crystal, 453–459 Cyanohydrins, 48, 465, 899 Corttrell, Frederick G. (1877–1948), 447 Crystal (Homometric Pairs), 461 Cyanuric acid, 464 Corundum, 446, 708 Crystal (Isomorphous), 461 Cybotaxis, 466 abrasive properties, 745t Crystal (Mixed), 461 Cycle (c), 1643t hardness, 2t, 755t, 1008t Crystal field theory, 459–461 Cycle oils, 1255 heat effect, 708t Crystal habit, 461, 751 Cycle per second (Hz, c/s), 1643t irradiation, 709t Crystal lattice energy, 921 Cyclic compound, 428 Corynebacterium diphtheriae, gram-positive, 168t Crystallization, 461–462 Cyclic imines, 820–821 Cosmegen, DNA interactive agent, 357t Crystal oscillator, 461–462 Cycloheptanone, physical properties, 900t Cotton, 446, 632t Crystal phases, 462 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 1401 fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Crystal pickup, 462 Cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), 1654 generic designation and definition, 624t CT metal, antimony content, 139t Cyclohexanol, 47, 466 physical properties of staple, 626t Cubic boron nitride Cyclohexanone, 466 susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t abrasive properties, 745t physical properties, 900t Cottonseed oil, 1671 hardness, 2t Cyclohexanone cyanohydrin, 465t characteristics and properties, 1672–1673t Cubic crystal system, crystallographic elements, 455t Cyclohexasilanyl, 1477 good source of protein, 1373 Cubic zirconia, 708 Cyclohexyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, Coulomb (C), 1643t Cummingtonite, 462 18t Coulometer, 446–447 Cumulative excitation, 462 Cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, Coupling, 1180 α-Cumyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t 1231t Coupling (Chamical), 447 tert-Cumyl peroxyacetate, properties, 1239t Cyclo-ligases, 571t Covalent bonds, 345–346 tert-Cumyl peroxybenzoate, properties, 1239t Cycloolefins, polymerization, 1149 Covalent compound, 428 tert-Cumyl peroxypivalate, properties, 1239t Cyclopentane, in Texas natural gas, 1054t Covellite, 447 Cunico I, thin-film applications, 958t Cyclopentanone, physical properties, 900t CPT-11, topoisomerase interactive, 357t Cunico II, thin-film applications, 958t Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene, 35 Cracking, 1179 Cunife I, thin-film applications, 958t Cyclophosphamide USP, DNA Cram, Donald Jmaes, 449 Cunife II, thin-film applications, 958t alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t Creatine kinase, target of medical diagnostic test, Cupric acetate, 441 Cyclopropane, 100t 975t Cupric acetoarsenite, 441 Cyclosilicate minerals, 1013 Creatinine Cupric acid orthoarsenite, 441 Cyclosporin A, activity and producing organism, in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Cupric chloride, 441 128t target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Cupric hydroxide, 441 Cyclosporine, activity and producing organism, 128t Creep (Metals), 449–450 Cupric oxide, 441 Cyclotron, 466 Creking process, 447–449 Cupric sulfate, 441 Cymex process, 41t Cresex process, 41t Cuprite, 462 Cysteine Creslan, 621t crystal structure, 455 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t 1794 INDEX

Cysteine (continued ) 1-Decene, physical properties, 1150t Diabetes, possible viral roles, 1696 manufacture, 76t Deci, 1643t Diabetes mellitus, genetic influence, 716 structural classification, 79t Declomycin, year of discovery, 130t Diacetone alcohol, 7 Cystine Decolorizing agents, 470–471 physical properties, 900t first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Decomposition (Chemical), 471 Diacetoneamine, 7 manufacture, 76t Deep inelastic scattering, 333 Diacetyl production, 80 Deepwater oil production, 1252 as key odor/tase compound, 649 in selected foods, 75t Defoaming agents, 471 physical properties, 900t structural classification, 79t Degasification, 471 Diacetylmorphine, 51 Cystinuria, genetic influence, 716 Degassed water, 1722 Diacetyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Cytarabine USP, antimetabolite, 355t Degeneracy, 471 Diacyl peroxides, organic peroxide initiators, 841t Cytochrome c, 466–467 Degradation (Chemical), 471–472 Diafiltration, 1636 Cytochrome oxidase, 466–467 Degree Celsius (C), 1643t Diagenesis, 482 Cytochromes, 466–467 Degree Fahrenheit (F), 1643t Di-tert-alkyl peroxides, organic peroxide initiators, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Degree Rankine (R), 1643t 841t Cytogenetics, 711 Degrees of freedom, 679 Dialkyl peroxydicarbonates, organic peroxide Cytology, 711 Dehumidification, 472 initiators, 841t Cytosar, antimetabolite, 355t Dehydration (Chemical), 472 Di(tert-alkylperoxy)ketals, organic peroxide Cytotoxic chemicals, 467 Dehydrochlorination, 1180 initiators, 841t Cytoxan, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t Dehydrocyclization, catalyst application, 304t Diallage, 482 Dehydrogenation, 472, 1180 Diallyl phthalate, dye carrier, 512t catalyst application, 304t, 305 Dialysis, 482 D Dehydroisoandrosterone, 98 Diamagnetism, 482 Dacarbazine USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking Deionizing, 472 Diamines and higher amines, aliphatic, 482–484 agent, 356t Deisenhofer, Johann (1943–), 472 1,3-Diaminopropane, physical properties, 483t Dacite, 469 Deliquescence, 472–473 Diammonium phosphate, 87–88 Dacron, 623t Delphinin, 734t in water-soluble flame retardant formulation, Dactinomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Demal solution, 473 642t Dactinomycin USP, DNA interactive agent, 357t Demantoid, 705 Diammonium sodium cobaltinitrite, 86 Daguerreotype, 1289 Demeclocycline, year of discovery, 130t Diamond, 484–486, 708, 1009t Dairy mold, 1770 Demerol, 93t abrasive properties, 745t Dalapon, environmental health advisories, 771t N-Demethylefrotomycin, formula and producing absolute index, 1426t Dalbaheptide antibiotics (glycopeptides), 117–119 organism, 116t crystal structure, 455 Dalton, John (1766–1844), 469 N-Demethyl-vancomycin, producing organism, 118t hardness, 2t, 755t Dalton law, 469 Demineralization, 473 heat effect, 708t Danburite, 469 Demulsification, 473 irradiation, 709t Daptomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Dendrite, 473 Diamond anvil high pressure cell, 486–488 Darcy (D), 1643t Dengue vaccine, 1660 Diamond Pyramid hardness, 756 Darcy’s law, 469 Dengue virus, 1694 Di-tert-amyl peroxide, physical properties, 1232t Darmstadtium, 24, 334 Dense glass, 1163t 2,2-Di(t-amylperoxy)propane, boiling point, 1234t electronic structure, 337t Densitometer, 1295 Dianthrol, 105 principal characteristics, 328t Density, 473–474 Dianthrone, 105 Darvon, 93t Deodorizing, oils, 1671 Diaphragm cell, 489 Datolite, 469 Deoxidized copper, 438t Diaryl ketones, 899 Daturine, 49 Deoxidizing agent, 474 Diaspore, 489 Daughter element, 470 Deoxyribonuclease Diastovaricins, biological activity, 108t Daunorubicin hydrochloride USP, DNA interactive metal chelate enzyme, 323t Diatomaceous earth, hardness, 1008t agent, 357t therapeutic enzyme, 574t Diatomaceous silica, insulation material, 856t, 857 Davy, Sir Humphrey (1778–1829), 469 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 474, 712–713 Diatomic gases, 334 Day (d), 1643t structure, 1125 Diatomite, 489–490 DCPA, environmental health advisories, 771t Dephlegmation, 475 abrasive properties, 745t 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), in Depo-provera, hormonal therapy, 358t Diazo compound, 1169t hazardous waste, 1711t Deptomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Diazo compounds, 165–166 Deacon process, 469 Derivative (Chemical), 475 Dibasic acids, 13 Dealkylation, catalyst application, 305 Derived units, 1642t Di(benzenesulfonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Deaminase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Derwent world patents index, 769t Di(benzocyclobutene-4-carbonyl) peroxide, Deamination, yeast participation, 1769t Desalination, 475–478, 1735 properties, 1237t Deaeration, 469 Desflurane, 100t Dibenzoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t De Broglie, Louis-Victor (1892–1987), 469–470 Desorption, 478 Dibenzyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t De Broglie wavelength, 470 Desoxycorticosterone, 35 Dibromo-ethyldibromocyclohexane, flame retardant, Debye, Peter J. W. (1884–1966), 470 Destruxin B, activity and producing organism, 128t 640t Debye-Falkenhagen effect, 470 Detergents, 478–481 Di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, Debye-Huckel¨ limiting law, 470 Deuterium, 481–482 properties, 1237t Debye-Sears effect, 470 Deuteron, 482 Di-tert-butyl diperoxyadipate, properties, 1239t Debye theory of specific heat, 470 Devitrification, 482 Di-tert-butyl diperoxycarbonate, properties, Deca, 1643t Dew point, 482 1239t Decabromo-diphenyl oxide, flame retardant, 640t Dexamethasone, 93 Di-tert-butyl diperoxyoxalate, properties, Decanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Dextrins, use in food processing, 671t 1239t Decaplanin, producing organism, 118t Dextrorotatory, 78, 1543 Di-tert-butyl diperoxyphthalate, properties, Decarboxylation, yeast participation, 1769t Dextrose, purification, 863t 1239t Decarburization, 470 Dezincification, 482 Di-tert-butyl peroxide, physical properties, Decay product, 470 Dhurrin, 734t 1232t INDEX 1795

2,2-Di(t-butylperoxy)butane, boiling point, 1234t Diethylnitrosamine, 1082 Di(methanesulfonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t 1,1-Di(t-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, boiling point, Diethyl peroxide, physical properties, 1232t Dimethyl adipate, physical properties, 585t 1234t Diethyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Dimethylallylamine, 60 Dibutyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Diethyl phthalate Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, copolymers with Di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t dye carrier, 512t PVP, 1682 1,4-Di(2-tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene, physical physical properties, 585t 2-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, physical properties, 1232t Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate USP, hormonal properties, 988t 2,2-Di(t-butylperoxy)propane, boiling point, 1234t therapy, 358t Dimethylaminopropylamine, physical properties, Dibutyl phthalate, physical properties, 585t Diffraction, 493 483t Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, properties of Diffraction grating, 494 Dimethyl-2,2
-azobis-[2-methylpropionate], leavening acid, 925t Diffusion, 494–495 commercial azo initiator, 841t Dicamba, environmental health advisories, 771t Diffusion current, 495 Dimethylbenzenes, 1763, 1764–1765 Di(2-carboxybenzoyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Diffusion potential, 495 2,5-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, physical properties, Di(4-carboxybutyryl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Diffusion pumps, 1663 1402t Dicarboxylic acids, 490–491 Diflunisal, 93t Di(2-methylbenzoyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(3-carboxypropionyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(2-furanylcarbonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t cis-1,4-(2,3-Dimethyl butadiene), melting range, Dichlobenil, environmental health advisories, 771t Digester, 205t 1546t Di(chloroacetyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Digester (Process), 495 trans-1,4-(2,3-Dimethyl butadiene), melting range, m-Dichlorobenzene, physical properties, 366t Digesters, for wood pulp, 1380–1381 1546t o-Dichlorobenzene Digestion, 495 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone, physical properties, 900t dye carrier, 512t Digipurpurin, 735 Dimethyl carbonate, physical properties, 585t physical properties, 366t Digitalin, 734t 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(benzoyl-peroxy)-hexane, p-Dichlorobenzene, physical properties, 366t Digitalis, 495, 735 properties, 1239t 2,5-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone, physical properties, Digital subtraction angiography, 1763 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butyl-peroxy) hexane, 1402t Digitonin, 734t, 735 physical properties, 1232t Di(4-chlorobenzoyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Digitoxin, 734t 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)-3-hexyne, 1,3-Dichloro-cis-2-butene, 1749 Diheptanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t physical properties, 1232t 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone, physical Dihexadecanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxyhexane, physical properties, 1402t Dihexadecyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t properties, 1231t 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, physical Dihydric alcohols, 46 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroperoxy-3-hexyne, physical properties, 1402t 9,10-Dihydro-9,10-epidi-oxyanthracene, physical properties, 1231t Dichromates, 382–383 properties, 1232t 1,1-Dimethylethylnitrate, 1082 Dicinnamoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Dihydrofollicular hormone, where produced, 1,1-Dimethylethyl nitrite, 1082 Diclofenac, 93t structure, and principal functions, 787t 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone, physical properties, 900t Dictamine, 49t Dihydrofolliculin, where produced, structure, and Dimethyl isophthalate, physical properties, 585t Dicumyl peroxide, physical properties, 1232t principal functions, 787t Dimethylketene, 898 Di(cyclohexylcarbonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(hydrogenated tallow)alkyldimethylammonium Dimethyl ketone, 7 Dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t chloride, 1398 Dimethyl maleate, physical properties, 585t Didecanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Dihydromocimycin, formula and producing Dimethyl malonate [CAS: 108–59–8], 963 Didodecanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t organism, 116t Dimethyl p-methoxybenzylidene malonate, 1641 Didodecyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Di(2-hydroperoxy-2-butyl) peroxide, 1234t Dimethyl oxalate, physical properties, 585t Die, 491 1,1-Dihydroperoxycyclododecane, 1234t 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone, physical properties, 900t Die casting, 491 Di(1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl) peroxide, 1234t 4,4-Dimethyl-1-pentene, melting range, 1546t Dieldrin, definitely established workplace Dihydrotheelin, where produced, structure, and Dimethyl peroxide, physical properties, 1232t carcinogen, 297t principal functions, 787t Dimethyl phthalate Dielectric heating, 491–492 Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, 283 dye carrier, 512t Dielectric theory, 492–493 Di(1-hydroxycyclohexyl) peroxide, 1234t physical properties, 585t Diels, Otto P. H. (1876–1954), 493 3,5-Dihydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dioxolane, 1234t 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol, physical properties, 89t Diels-Alder reaction, 48, 493, 1177 Di(1-hydroxyethyl) peroxide, 1233t 1,1-Dimethylpropynyl hydroperoxide, physical Dienes, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator for, Di(hydroxymethyl) peroxide, 1233t properties, 1231t 838t Di(1-hydroxynonyl) peroxide, 1233t Dimethyl sulfoxide, 1569–1570 Diesel fuel, in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Di(1-hydroxyoctyl) peroxide, 1233t Dimethyl terephthalate Dietary fiber, 617 Di(1-hydroxypentyl) peroxide, 1233t dye carrier, 512t Diethanolamine, 587 Dihydroxy-phenylalanine, manufacture, 76t physical properties, 585t Diethoxyaluminum tert-cumyl peroxide, physical Di(isobornyl) peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t 1,5-Dimethyl-6,7,8-trioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, properties, 1232t Diisobutyl ketone, physical properties, 900t boiling point, 1235t Diethyl adipate, physical properties, 585t Diisobutyryl peroxide, properties, 1237t 3,3-Dimethyl-1,2,4-trioxolane, boiling point, 1235t Diethyl carbonate, physical properties, 585t p-Diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide, physical 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2,4-trioxolane, boiling point, 1235t 3,6-Diethyl-3,6-dimethyl-1,2,4,5-tetroxane, 1234t properties, 1231t Di(2-naphthaleny carbonyl) peroxide, properties, Diethylene glycol, physical properties, 590t p-Diisopropylbenzene mono-hydropero, physical 1237t Diethyleneglycol-bis(allylcarbonate), 60 properties, 1231t xide Dinicotinoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Diethylene glycol monostearate, as release agent, Diisopropyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Dinitramine, environmental health advisories, 771t 1435t Diisopropyl malonate, 963 1,3-Dinitrobenzene, 1082 Diethylenetriamine, physical properties, 483t Diisopropyl peroxide, physical properties, 1232t physical properties, 1081t Diethylenetriamine adduct, commercial polyether Diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Di(4-nitrobenzoyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t polyol, 1654t Diketene, 899 2,4-Dinitrotoluene, physical properties, 1081t Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, physical properties, 585t Dilatancy, 495 Dinonanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, properties, Dilation number, 495 Dinoseb, environmental health advisories, 771t 1237t Dilatometer, 495 Dioctadecanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, physical properties, 585t Diluent, 495 Dioctanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Diethyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Dimer acids, 495–496 Diode lasers, wavelength range, 910t Diethyl malonate [CAS: 105–53–3], 963 monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Dionin, 1041 1796 INDEX

Diopside, 496–497 Distillation, 501–504 Dyes: reactive, 531–533 abrasion pH, 1t in petroleum refining, 1255–1257 Dyes: sensitizing, 533–535 Dioptase, 497 Disulfuric acid, 13 Dyne (dyn), 1643t Diorite, 497 Diterpenoids, 1601 Dynels, ultrafiltration media application, 1635 1,2-Dioxane, physical properties, 1232t Ditetradecyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Dysprosium [CAS: 7429–91–6], 535 Dioxin, 93, 497 Di(2-thienylcarbonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t abundance, 330t Dioxybis[triethylgermane], physical properties, 1232t Di(p-toluenesulfonyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t electronic structure, 336t Dioxybis[triethylstannane], physical properties, 1232t Ditran, 754 interatomic distance, 342t Dioxybis[trimethylsilane], physical properties, 1232t Di(2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl) peroxide, 1233t ionic crystal radius, 341t Dipentanoyl peroxide, properties, 1237t Di(cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Dipeptide hydrolases, 571t properties, 1237t principal characteristics, 327t Diperoxydecanedioic acid, 1236t Di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide, properties, properties, 1421t, 1422t Diperoxyhexanedioic acid, 1236t 1237t Diperoxynonanedioic acid, 1236t Diuretic agents, 504–506 Diphenamide, environmental health advisories, 771t Diuron, environmental health advisories, 771t E Di(2-phenoxyethyl) peroxydicarbonate, properties, cyclo-Di-p-xylylene (DPX), 1763 e (transcendental number), 587 1237t Di-p-xylylene (DPXN), 1764 Earth atmosphere, 155–158 Di(phenylacetyl) peroxide, properties, 1237t DNA replication, 716 Eberbach hardness scale, 756 1,3-Diphenylguanidine, 747t Dnase, annual sales, 222t Eberthella typhi, gram-negative, 168t Diphenylketene, 898 DNA viruses, 1693, 1694 Ebonite, production methods for cellular, 664t Diphenyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Docetaxol, tubulin interactive, 358t Ebulliometer, 537
Diphenylmethane 4,4 -diisocyanate, 464 Dodecanedioic acid Ebullioscopic constant, 250 Diphenylmethane dyes, 1630 monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Ebullism, 537 Diphenylnitrosamine, 1082 physical properties, 490t Ecgonine, 49t physical properties, 1082t 1-Dodecene, physical properties, 1150t Echinocandin B, activity and producing organism, Diphenyl oxide, dye carrier, 512t Dodecyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, 128t 3,5-Diphenyl-1,2,4-trioxolane, boiling point, 1235t 18t Echo-planar imaging, 1100 Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DPT) vaccine, Dodecyl stearate, physical properties, 585t Eclogite, 537 1659 Dog, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, 176t Ecology, 537 Diplococcus pneumoniae, gram-positive, 168t Dolerite, 506 Eddy current nondestructive testing, 1094 Dipole moment, 497 Dolobid, 93t Edeine A1, activity and producing organism, 128t Dipotassium sodium cobaltnitrite, 1361 Dolomite, 506 Edible oil, 537 Dipropionyl peroxide, properties, 1237t abrasion pH, 1t Edible vegetable oils, 1671–1674 Dipropyl disulfide, permeation in selected barrier hardness, 1008t Efflorescence, 537 polymers, 174t physical properties, 1428t Effusion, 537 Di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, properties, 1237t Domain structure, 506–507 Efrotomycin, formula and producing organism, 116t Diquatop, environmental health advisories, 771t Double-beam grating UV spectrophotometer, 1641. Ehlers-Damlos syndrome, genetic influence, 716 Direct dyes, 512t Double-beta decay, 1407 Ehrlich, Paul (1854–1915), 537 applications, 519 Double bonds, 346 Eicosanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t dyeing process, 521 Double salt, 507, 1456 Eicosanoid, 537 Disaccharides, 279t Doublet, 507 1-Eicosene, physical properties, 1150t Disilanoxy, 1477 Down quark, 1397 Eigen, manfred, 537 Disilanyl, 1477 Doxorubicin USP, DNA interactive agent, 357t Einsteinium, 23t Disilanylamino, 1477 Doxycycline, year of discovery, 130t binary compound properties, 25–26t Disilanylene, 1477 DPNH-cytochrome c reductase, source and function, electronic structure, 337t Disilanylthio, 1477 986t interatomic distance, 342t Disilazanoxy, 1477 Dromoran, 93t ionic crystal radius, 341t Disilazanyl, 1477 Drug discovery, 1270 oxidation states, 24t Disilazanylamino, 1477 Drug elimination, 1270–1271 physical properties, 24t Disiloxanoxy, 1477 Drug metabolism, 1270 principal characteristics, 327t Disiloxanyl, 1477 Drug receptors, 1270, 1271–1272 Einsteinium [CAS: 7429–92–7], 538 Disiloxanylamino, 1477 Drugs. See Pharmaceuticals Elaidinization, 538 Disiloxanylthio, 1477 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Elasticity, 538–540 Disilthianoxy, 1477 Drying (Process), 508–511 Elastomeric fibers, 630–631 Disilthianyl, 1477 Drying oils, 507–508 dyeing, 525 Disilthianylthio, 1477 Dubnium, 24, 333 Elastomers, 540–541 Disinfectant, 497 electronic structure, 337t Elastostrictive materials, 1485 Dislocation, 497 principal characteristics, 328t Eldisine, tubulin interactive, 358t Disodium hydrogen phosphite, 1492 Ductile iron, 57 Electret, 541 Dispersants, 497–498 Dulong and Petit law of specific heats, 511 Electrical variables, 1670 Disperse dyes, 512t, 517 Dumortierite, 511 Electric insulation, 851 applications, 519 Duranickel, 58 Electride, 541 dyeing process, 523, 524 Duranickel 301, 1071t Electrocapillarity, 541 Dispersion, 498–499, 1303 Du Vigneaud, Vincent (1901–1978), 511 Electrochemical equivalent, 543 Displacement desorption, 38t Dye and dye intermediates, 512–516 Electrochemical machining (ECM), 541–542 Displacement series, 31 Dye carriers, 511–512, 512t Electrochemistry, 542–543 Dissociation, 499–501 Dyeing process, 520–521 Electroconductive polymers, 1346–1347 Dissolved oxygen, water quality indicator, 1726 Dye lasers, wavelength range, 910t Electrocortin, where produced, structure, and Dissolved-oxygen deficit, water quality indicator, Dyes: anthraquinone, 516–518 principal functions, 786t 1726 Dyes: application and evaluation, 518–527 Electrode, 543–544 Dissolved oxygen (DO), 497 Dyes: environmental chemistry, 527–528 Electrodeposition, 544 Distamycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t Dyes: natural, 529–531 Electrodialysis, 544–546 INDEX 1797

Electrodynamics, 1393 Emcyt, hormonal therapy, 358t Episodic acidification, 9 Electroforming, 546 Emde degradation, 558 Epitaxy, 577 Electrogalvanizing, 703 Emerald, 558 Epogen, unit value and relative production quantity, Electroluminescence, 546, 946t Emery 232t Electrolysis, 542–543, 546 abrasive properties, 745t Epoxies, dielectric permittivity, 852t Electrolysis-type chemical analyzer, 546 hardness, 1008t Epoxy adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t Electrolyte, 546 Emetine, 49t, 51 Epoxy compound, 428 Electrolytes, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Emission spectroscopy, 558 Epoxy resin, production methods for cellular, 664t Electrolytic cell, 546 EMMI database, 769t Epoxy resins, 577–579 Electrolytic conductivity and resistivity Emulsion adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t Epsomite, 579 measurements, 546–549 Emulsion-based adhesives, 33 Epstein-Barr virus, 1695 Electrolytic tough-pitch copper, 438t Emulsion polymerization, 1342 EPTC, environmental health advisories, 771t Electromagnetic radiation, 549 Emulsions, 559–560 Equation of state, 579–580 Electromagnetic separation, 549 Enamels, porcelain or vitreous, 560–561 Equilibrium, 580–581 Electromagnetic spectrum, 549 Enantiomers, 79 Equilibrium diagram, 581 Electromagnet iron, magnetic properties, 955t Enantiomorphs, 79 Equilibrium vapor pressure, 1670 Electrometallurgy, 987 Enantiotropy, 562 Equine encephalitis vaccine, 1660 Electromotive series, 31 Enargite, 562 Equine encephalitis viruses, 1694 Electron, 549–550, 1209 Endorphins, 565–566 Equivalent electrons, 581 Electron affinity, 550 Endoscopic ultrasonography, 1639 Erbium Electron capture (negative)/ionization mass Endothall, environmental health advisories, 771t abundance, 330t spectrometry, for ultratrace analysis, 1627t Endothermic compound, 428 electronic structure, 337t Electron diffraction, 550 Endrin insecticide, in hazardous waste, 1711t interatomic distance, 342t Electronegativity, 550–551 Enduracidins, activity and producing organism, 128t ionic crystal radius, 341t Electron emission, 551 Energy, 562–564, 756 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Electroneutrality, 551 Energy level, 564 principal characteristics, 327t Electron gas, 551 selection rules, 1463–1464 properties, 1421t, 1422t Electron-microprobe x-ray analyzer, 1759–1760 Energy state terms, 564–565 Erbium [CAS: 7440–52–0], 581–582 Electron microscope, 551–552 Enfleurage, 1708 Erbium-doped optical fibers, 1157–1159 Enflurane, 100t Electron-multiplier tubes, 1759 Eremomycin, producing organism, 118t Enhanced oil recovery, 1252–1253 Electrons Erg (erg), 1643t Enkephalins, 565–566 backdonation by metals, 28 Erionite Enniatin A, activity and producing organism, 128t gemstone irradiation, 708t composition, 1034t Enolase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t x-ray production from, 1758 pore structure, 41t Enramycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Electron (photoelectron) spectroscopy, 553 Ernst, Richard R. (1933–), 582 Enrichment, 566 Electron theory, 553–554 Erysipelothrix muriseptica, gram-positive, 168t Enstatite, 566 Electron volt, 554 Erythrite, 582 Enterobacter Electronvolt (eV), 1643t Erythrocytes, 241, 242t amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Electrophile, 1127 Erythromycin ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t activation, 28 commercial products, 121t Enteroviruses, 1694 Electrophilic reaction, 554 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Enthalpy, 566–568 Electrophoresis, 554–556 Erythromycin-11,12-carbonate, commercial products, Entisols, 1497t Electroplating, 556–557 121t Entropy, 568 Electropolishing, 557 Enviomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Erythromycin stinoprate, commercial products, 121t Electrorheological materials, 1484–1485 Enviroline, 769t Erythromycin topical solution, commercial products, Electrosol, 557 Environmental chemistry, 568 121t Electrostatic precipitator, 557–558 Environmental fallout, 10 Erythropoietin Electrostrictive materials, 1484 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), acid rain, annual sales, 222t Electrotype, 923t 10 unit value and relative production quantity, 232t Electroultrafiltration, 1636 Enzyme, 568–572 Erythrose-4-phosphate, 283 Electrovalence, 345 Enzyme inhibitors, 573 Erythrosin, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Electrovalent compound, 428 Enzyme preparations, 573–574 Escherichia coli Electrum, 558 Enzymes amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Element 111, 24 as catalysts, 303, 306 b-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t Element 112, 24 classification of types, 571t gram-negative, 168t Element 113, 24 metal chelates, 323t Esparto wax, 1747 Element 114, 24 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Esperamicin A1, DNA interactive agent, 357t Element 115, 24 Enzymes in organic synthesis, 575–577 Essences, 644–652 Element 116, 24 Enzyme therapeutic, 574–575 Essential amino acids, 75, 75t, 76t, 1375t Element 117, 24 Eosin, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Essential oils, 1136–1137 Element 118, 24 Eosinophils, 242t Essera, 623t Elephant, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, Ephedra, 51 Ester, 1169t, 1174 176t Ephedrine, 49t, 51 Esterification, 582–584, 1181 Elfamycin antibiotics, 116–117 Epichlorohydrin, 577 yeast participation, 1769t Ellipsometer, 1295 from allyl alcohol, 59 Esters, organic, 584–586 Elovich equation, 37 physical properties, 366t Estrace, hormonal therapy, 358t Elsamitrucin tartrate, topoisomerase interactive, 357t Epidiorite, 577 Estradiol, where produced, structure, and principal Elspar, chemotherapeutic, 359t Epidote, 577 functions, 787t Elution, 558 Epimerases, 571t Estradiol USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Elutriation, 558 Epinephrine, 35, 51 Estramustine phosphate sodium USP, hormonal Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 281 where produced, structure, and principal therapy, 358t Embrittlement, 558 functions, 786t Etamycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t 1798 INDEX

Etamycin B, activity and producing organism, 128t Ethylenebisdibromonorbornanedicarboximide, flame abundance, 330t Ethanal, 5 retardant, 640t electronic structure, 336t Ethane Ethylenebistetra-bromophthalimide, flame retardant, interatomic distance, 342t combustion constants, 422t 640t ionic crystal radius, 341t combustion reactions, 423t Ethylene [CAS: 74–85–1], 589–590 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t gas separation, 39t Ethylene cyanohydrin, 465t principal characteristics, 327t heating value, 686t Ethylenediamine, physical properties, 483t properties, 1421t, 1422t ignition temperature in air, 425t Ethylenediamine adduct, commercial polyether Europium [CAS: 7440–53–1], 590–591 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t polyol, 1654t Eutectic, 591 physical properties, 47t Ethylenediamine ditartrate (EDT), for diffracting Eutectoid, 591 in Texas natural gas, 1054t crystal spectrometer, 1760 Evaporation, 591–592 Ethane [CAS: 74–84–0], 586 Ethylene dichloride, physical properties, 366t Evaporite, 593 Ethanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Ethylene glycol [CAS: 107–21–1], 46, 590, 733 Even-even nuclei, 593 1,2-Ethanediol, 733 physical properties, 590t Exchange degeneracy, 593 Ethanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t Excited state, 593 Ethanoic acid, 6 Ethylene glycol diacetate, physical properties, 585t Excitonic matter, 1517 Ethanol, 588 Ethylene monochloride, 8 Exosmosis, 593 physical properties, 47t Ethylene oxide, as propellant, 1447t Exothermic compound, 428 Ethanolamines, 74–75 Ethylene oxide [CAS: 75–21–8], 590 Exotic nuclei, 1409–1410 Ethanolamines [CAS: 141–43–5], 586–587 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Experimental breeding, 710 Ethepon growth modifier, 1314 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Explosives, 593–594 Ether, 587, 1174 Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, 590 Ex-situ bioremediation, 205t Ethers, 587–588 Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer Extender, 594 Ethine, 7 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Extracellular exudates, 747 2-(2-Ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, physical properties, and carbon dioxide, 173t Extraction (liquid-liquid), 594–598 585t gas permeability, 172t Extraction (liquid-solid), 598–599 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate, physical properties, 585t permeation of flavor/aroma compounds, 174t Extractive metallurgy, 599 2-Ethoxyethyl acrylate, physical properties of water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Extra dense glass, 1163t polymers, 18t Ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymers, 1679 Extraterrestrial materials, 599–600 Ethyl acetate, 6 Ethyl ether, 100t, 587 Extreme-ultraviolet, 1639 physical properties, 585t physical properties, 587 Extruded latex thread, 631 Ethyl acrylate Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, physical properties, 585t physical properties, 631t physical properties, 18t, 585t Ethyl formate, physical properties, 585t Extrusion, 601 physical properties of polymers, 18t Ethyl hexanoate, permeation in selected barrier Extrusive, 601 Ethyl alcohol polymers, 174t Erythromycin acistrate, commercial products, 121t combustion constants, 422t 2-Ethylhexyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Erythromycin estolate, commercial products, 121t density, 474t 2-Ethylhexylacrylate, 17 Erythromycin ethyl succinate, commercial products, heating value, 686t 2-Ethyl hexylacrylate, 20 121t specific heat at constant pressure, 757t 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Erythromycin gluceptate, commercial products, 121t Ethyl alcohol [CAS: 64–17–5], 588 physical properties, 18t, 585t Erythromycin lactobionate, commercial products, Ethyl amyl ketone, physical properties, 900t physical properties of polymers, 18t 121t Ethylbenzene, 1765 Ethyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, commercial manufacture, 1555 Ethylidene diethyl ether, 6 products, 121t physical properties, 1766t Ethylidene dimethyl ether, 6 Erythromycin stearate, commercial products, 121t Ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, physical properties, Ethyl isobutyrate, physical properties, 585t 1231t Ethyl isocyanate, 464 Ethyl benzoate, physical properties, 585t Ethyl isocyanurate, 464 F 2-Ethylbutyl acrylate, physical properties of Ethyl methacrylate, 16–17, 19 Fabry’s disease, genetic influence, 716 polymers, 18t physical properties, 988t Face-centered cubic structure, 603 Ethyl butyrate Ethyl-2-methyl butyrate, as key odor/tase compound, Factor group, 747 permeation in selected barrier polymers, 174t 649 Factor VIII, annual sales, 222t physical properties, 585t Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, permeation in selected Factumycin, formula and producing organism, 116t Ethyl carbamate, 1653 barrier polymers, 174t Facultative anaerobes, 90 Ethyl cellulose, 588–589 Ethylnitrate, 1082 Fahrenheit temperature scale, 3, 603, 1599 Ethylcellulose, microcapsule material, 997t Ethylnitrite, 1082 Fallout (Radioactive), 603 Ethyl chloride, physical properties, 366t 3-Ethyl-3-pentyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, Familial goiter, genetic influence, 716 Ethyl cyanate, 464 1231t Fanconi’s syndrome, genetic influence, 716 Ethyl cyanoacetate, 964 Ethyl propyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Faraday, Michael (1791–1867), 603 Ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 1641 Ethyl salicylate, physical properties, 585t Farad (F), 1643t Ethyl cyanurate, 464 Ethyl stearate, physical properties, 585t Far-ultraviolet, 1639 Ethylene Ethyl urethane, 1653 Fast breeder nuclear reactor, 1114–1119 combustion constants, 422t Ethyl vinyl ether, physical properties, 1690t Fast breeder reactors, 1647 combustion reactions, 423t Ethyl xanthic acid, 1755 Fat, 603 formation from acetylene, 8 Ethyne, 7 Fatigue (Metals), 603–604 heating value, 686t Etidocaine, 100t Fats ignition temperature in air, 425t Etoposide phosphate, topoisomerase interactive, 357t constituent of human blood, 242t measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Etoposide USP, topoisomerase interactive, 357t industrial chemicals derived from renewable, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator for, Eucalyptus oil, 647t 230t 838t Euclase, 590 in vegetable oils, 1671t, 1671–1674 plant growth effects, 1314 Eudiometer, 590 Fatty acid ester plasticizers, 1316 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Eulexin, hormonal therapy, 358t Fatty acids, 48, 604 Ethylenebis, as release agent, 1435t Europium constituent of human blood, 242t INDEX 1799

Langmuir-Blodgett films made from, 1018 Ferrovanadium, 612, 1666 Flaxseed oil, 1671 in vegetable oils, 1671t Ferroxdure, magnetic properties, 956t Flexible polyurethane foams, 1654–1655 Fatty alcohol, 604 Ferrozirconium, 612 Flexible PVC, 1357 Fatty amine, 604 Fertile material, 612 Flint, 652 Fatty ester, 604 Fertilizer, 612–616 hardness, 1008t Faujasite Fiber (Dietary), 617 Flint clays, physical properties, 1428t composition, 1034t Fiber glass, 617–620 Flocculating agents, 652–654 pore structure, 41t Fiberglass, definitely established workplace Flocculation, 45 Fecal coliform bacteria, water quality indicator, 1726 carcinogen, 297t Flooding, in kinetic measurements, 901 Fecal Streptococcal bacteria, water quality indicator, Fiber-optic systems, 1153–1163 Flory, Paul J. (1910–1986), 652 1726 Fiber-reactive dyes. See Reactive dyes Flotation, 654, 987 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, Fiber-reinforced composites, 620 Floxuridine USP, antimetabolite, 355t 1711t Fibers, 620–624 Flu, 1694–1695 Feeder (Gravimetric), 604–605 generic designations and definitions of synthetic, Fluchloralin, environmental health advisories, 771t Feeder (Vibratory), 605 621–624t Flucortolone, commercial microbial transformations Feeder (Volumetric), 605–606 Fibers: acetate, 624–626 used to produce, 1550t Feedstocks, 606 Fibers: acrylic, 626–629 Fluid, 654–657 Fehling’s solution, 606 Fibers: cellulose esters, 629–630 Fluid flow, 654–657 Feldene, 93t Fibers: elastomeric, 630–631 Fluid friction, 657 Feldspar, 606–607 Fibers: vegetable, 631–633 Fluidization, 657 analysis, 316t Fibrilon, 623t Fluid parcel, 657–658 hardness, 755t Fibrinogen, constituent of human blood, 242t Fluometuron, environmental health advisories, 771t Felsite, 607 Fibro, 624t Fluorescein, 1756 Felt, 1752 Fictile, 633 sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Female sex hormones, 791 Field beans, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Fluorescence, 658 where produced, structure, and principal Fieser, Louis F. (1899–1977), 633 Fluorescent Brightener 74 (CI 45550), 1756 functions, 787t Filament, 633 Fluorescent Brightener 155 (CI 45555), 1756 Femic, 607 Filled-system thermometer, 1609 Fluorescent brighteners, 512t Femto, 1643t Filler, 633 applications, 519 Fentanyl, 92t Fillers, use in food processing, 671t Fluoridation, 659 Fergusonite, 607 Film, 633 Fluorides, removal from raw water, 1724 Fermentation, 607–608, 1180 Filterable viruses, 1693 Fluorimeter, 1295 amino acids, 80 Filter medium, 633 Fluorine, 754 pollution, 1715 Filtration, 633–636 abundance, 330t, 1132t vinegar, 1674–1675 Fine solder, 923t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t yeast in, 1767, 1768 Fine structure, 636 covalent radius, 344t Fermi, 608 Finishing cement, insulation material, 857 electronic structure, 336t Fermi, Enrico (1901–1954), 608 Fire-brick, 636 ionic crystal radius, 341t Fermions, 254, 608 Fireclay, 637 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Fermi resonance, 608 Fire clay, analysis, 316t principal characteristics, 327t Fermi selection rules, 609 Fireclay, physical properties, 1428t standard electrode potential, 31t Fermi surface, 609–610 Firming agents (Foods), 637 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1003 Fermium, 23t First law of thermodynamics, 1606 Fluorine [CAS: 7782–41–4], 658–659 binary compound properties, 25–26t Fischer, Edmond H. (1920–1992), 637 Fluorine (In Biological Systems), 659–660 electronic structure, 337t Fischer, Emil (1852–1919), 637 Fluorite, 660 interatomic distance, 342t Fischer, Ernst Otto (1918–), 637 hardness, 755t ionic crystal radius, 341t Fischer, Hans (1881–1945), 637 Fluoroaluminates, 64 oxidation states, 24t Fischer-Tropsch process, 637 Fluoroantimonic acid, 13 principal characteristics, 327t Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, 637 Fluorocarbon, 660–661 Fermium [CAS: 7440–72–4], 610–611 Fischer-Tropsch wax, as release agent, 1435t Fluorocarbon fiber Ferredoxin, source and function, 986t Fish kills, 9 generic designation and definition, 622t Ferric acetate, 6 Fish protein concentrate, 1373 physical properties, 1139t Ferric ammonium alum, 61 Fittig reaction (Fitting), 637 Fluoroelastomer, 661 Ferric ammonium sulfate, 86 Fixed bed, 637 Fluorometers, 661 Ferric nitrocarburizing, 763t Fixed-bed bioreactor, 205t Fluorones, 1756 Ferrimagnetism, 611 Fixed oils, 637–638 Fluorophlogopite, dielectric permittivity, 852t Ferrimycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t Flame emission spectrometry, for ultratrace analysis, Fluoroplastics, 661–662 Ferrites, 611 1627t Fluorosilicates, 1476 magnetic properties, 956t Flame hardening, 638 Fluorouracil, antimetabolite, 355t Ferritic stainless steel, 58 Flame photometer, 1295 Fluoroxene, 100t Ferritin, source and function, 986t Flame photometry and spectrometry, 638 Flurbiprofen, 93t Ferrochromium, 611 Flame-retarding agents, 638–642 Fluridone, environmental health advisories, 771t Ferroelectric effect, 611–612 Flashing (Thermal), 643 Fluroxypyr, environmental health advisories, 771t Ferroelectric materials, 612 Flash point, 643 Flutamide, hormonal therapy, 358t Ferromagnetism, 611, 612 Flavanthrone, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Flu vaccine, 1659 Ferromanganese, 612 Flavonoids, 643 Flux (Slag), 662 Ferromolybdenum, 612 Flavor enhancers and potentiators, 643–644 Flux (Solder), 662 Ferroniobium, 612 Flavors, quarks, 1397 Foam, 662–663 Ferrophosphorus, 612 Flavors and essences, 644–652 Foamed plastics, 663–667 Ferrosilicon, 612 Flax, 632t Fog, 668 Ferrotitanium, 612 generic designation and definition, 624t Fog seeding, 668 Ferrotungsten, 612 susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Fog tracks, 668 1800 INDEX

Folic acid, 668–669 Free radical addition, 1177 abundance, 330t Follicle ripening hormone, where produced, Free-radical initiators, 840–842 electronic structure, 336t structure, and principal functions, 787t Free-radical polymerization, 1343–1344 interatomic distance, 342t Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), where Free radicals, activation, 28–29 ionic crystal radius, 341t produced, structure, and principal functions, Free rotation, 680 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t 787t Free volume, 680 principal characteristics, 327t Follotropin, where produced, structure, and principal Freeze-concentrating, 680–681 properties, 1421t, 1422t functions, 787t Freeze-drying, 672–673, 681–684 Gadolinium [CAS: 7440–54–2], 701 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 1711t food, 672–673 Gadolinium oxide, 701 Food, drug, and cosmetic dyes, 512t, 531 Freeze-preserving, 684–685 Gadolinium oxysulfide, 701 Food additives, 669–671 Freezing point, 685 Gahnite, 701 carriers, 301 Freezing-point depression, 685 Galactin, where produced, structure, and principal Foodc colorants, 419–420 Fresnal diffraction, 493 functions, 788t Food dehydration, 673 Fresnel holograms, 782 Galactokinase deficiency, genetic influence, 716 Food preservation, 672–673 Freundlich adsorption isotherm, 37 Galactosemia, genetic influence, 716 Food processing, 671–673 Friction (Mechanical), 685 α-Galactosidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Foods Friedel-Crafts alkylation, 1178 ß-Galactosidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t antimicrobial agents, 135–138 Friedel-Crafts reaction, 685–686 Galena, hardness, 1008t bodying and bulking agents, 248–249 Fructokinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Galena [CAS: 1314–87–0], 701 coating agents, 409 Fructose, constituent of human blood, 242t Gal (Gal), 1643t firming agents, 637 Fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 283 Galipoline, 49t fortifying with amino acids, 75 Fructose intolerance, genetic influence, 716 Gallite, 702 in municipal waste, 1714t Fructose-6-phosphate, 283 Gallium spoilage by yeasts, 1768 FUDR, antimetabolite, 355t abundance, 330t, 1132t Food toxicant, naturally occurring, 673–675 Fuel, 686–687 covalent radius, 344t Foolish seedling disease, in rice, 722 Fuel cells, 687–692 electronic structure, 336t Footlambert (fL), 1643t Fuel combustion, 420–427 interatomic distance, 342t Forage sorghum, susceptibility to iron deficiency, Fuel gas, 1255 ionic crystal radius, 341t 874t Fuel oil, 1255 principal characteristics, 327t Forbes’ disease, genetic influence, 716 excess air for combustion, 426t Gallium arsenide [CAS: 1303–00–0], 702 Forced-circulation reboiler, 760 Fugacity, 692 Gallium arsenide semiconductors, 1469–1470 Force variables, 1670 Fukui, Kenichi (1918–1998), 692 Gallium [CAS: 7440–55–3], 702 Forensic chemistry, 675–676 Fuller’s earth, 692 Galvanizing, 703, 1775 Forests, acid rain, 10 Fulminic acid, 464 Gametogenic hormone, where produced, structure, Forging, 676 Fumarase, 282t and principal functions, 787t Formaldehyde, 48 Fumaric acid, 282t Gametokinetic hormone, where produced, structure, definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t acidulant, 14 and principal functions, 787t purification, 863t Fumaric acid [CAS: 110–17–8], 962–963 Gamma globulin, 703 Formaldehyde [CAS: 50–00–0], 676–677 Fume, 692 Gamma radiation, 703, 1407 Formaldehyde cyanohydrin, 465t Fuming sulfuric acid (oleum), 13 Gamma ray detectors, 704 Formamide, 678 Functional dyes, 517 Gamma rays, 703–704 Formestanef, hormonal therapy, 358t Functional group analysis, 97 gemstone irradiation, 708t Formic acid [CAS: 64–18–6], 678 Fungi, 1767 Gamma ray spectra, 704 Formic hydrogenylase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Fungicides, 692–693 Gamma-ray spectroscopy, 703–704 Formyltransferases, 571t Funk, Casimir (1884–1848), 693 Gangliosides, 704–705 Forsterite, dielectric permittivity, 852t Furan, as parent structure compound, 1090t Gangue, 705, 987 Fortrel, 623t Furan and related compounds, 693–694 Ganister, physical properties, 1428t Fossil waxes, 1747 Furan [CAS: 110–00–9], 693–694 Garlic oil, 647t Fouling, in ultrafiltration, 1636 Furfural, 693 Garnet, 705 Fractional distillation, 678 Furfuraldehyde [CAS: 98–01–1], 694 abrasive properties, 745t Fractional quantized Hall effect, 753 Furfuryl mercaptan, as key odor/tase compound, 649 hardness, 755t, 1008t Fractionation, 678 Furoic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Garnierite, 705–706 Francium, 48 Fused alumina Gas, 706 electronic structure, 337t abrasive properties, 745t Gas bulk separation, 39t interatomic distance, 342t hardness, 755t Gas carbonitriding, 763t ionic crystal radius, 341t physical properties, 1428t Gas carburizing, 763t principal characteristics, 327t Fused mullite, physical properties, 1428t Gas chromatography, for ultratrace analysis, 1627t Francium [CAS: 7440–73–5], 679 Fused silica, dielectric permittivity, 852t Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, for Franklinite, 679 Fused zirconia, hardness, 755t ultratrace analysis, 1627t Frasch process, 679 Fused zirconia/alumina, hardness, 2t Gas compression, 429–430 Fraunhofer diffraction, 493 Fusible lead alloys, 923t Gas constant, 706 Fraunhofer holograms, 782 bismuth in, 238t Gaseous carbon, 7 Fraunhofer lines, 5 Fusidic acid, year of discovery/market introduction, Gaseous elements, 334 Free convection, 759 106t Gas hydrate, 706 Free-cutting copper, 438t Fusion (Heat of), 700 Gas law, 706 Freedom (Degrees of), 679 Fusion (Nuclear), 700, 1097–1098 Gas-liquid absorption, 3–4 Free electron theory of metals, 679 Fusion (Phase change), 700 Gas nitriding, 763t Free energy, 679–680 Fusion energy, 694–699 Gas oil, 1255 Free energy change, 680 in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Free machining, 680 G in representative world crude oils, 1243t Free-machining steels, 58 Gabbro, 701 Gasoline, 55 Free radical, 680 Gadolinium density, 474t INDEX 1801

ignition temperature in air, 425t Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839–1903), 723 Glutamic dehydrogenase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Gibbs-Duhem equation, 723 L-Glutaminase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t in representative world crude oils, 1243t Gibbs-Konovalov theorems, 723 Glutamine Gasoline pool, 1255, 1730 Gibbs paradox, 723 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Gas-phase adsorption, 39–40 Giga, 1643t manufacture, 76t Gas phase polymerization, 1342 Gilbert, Walter (1932–), 723 structural classification, 79t Gas purification, 39t Gilbert (Gb), 1644t Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 283 Gattermann aldehyde synthesis, 706 Gilding brass, 440t Glyceric kinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Gattermann-Koch reaction, 706 Gilsonite, 723 Glycerin, purification, 863t Gaucher’s disease, genetic influence, 716 insulation material, 856t, 857 Glycerine, 732 Gauss (G), 1643t Girbotol adsorption, 723 absolute index, 1426t Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778–1850), 706 Glass, 723–728 density, 474t Gay-Lussac’s law, 706 absolute index, 1426t Glycerol adduct, commercial polyether polyol, 1654t Geiger-Mueller tube, 1759, 1760 composition of commercial, 725t Glycerol [CAS: 56–81–5], 732 Geiger-Muller counter, ultraviolet radiation, 1640 density, 474t polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t Gel, 706 in municipal waste, 1714t Glyceryl triacetate, physical properties, 585t Gelatin, 706–707 radioactive dating, 1415 Glyceryl tripropionate, physical properties, 585t microcapsule material, 997t Glass blocks, 728–730 Glycidyl methacrylate, physical properties, 988t purification, 863t Glass blowing, 727–728 Glycine Gelatin-gum arabic, microcapsule material, 997t Glass-ceramics, 725 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Gelatin photographic film emulsions, 1290 Glass fiber manufacture, 76t Gelation, 1515–1516 generic designation and definition, 622t structural classification, 79t alkyd resins, 53 insulation material, 856t Glycol, 46, 732 Geldanamycins, biological activity, 108t physical properties, 1139t Glycols, physical properties, 590t Gelsemine, 49t Glass making, 726–727 Glycolysis, 281, 733 Gemcitabine, antimetabolite, 355t Glass-melting furnaces, 726 Glycopeptide antibiotics (dalbaheptides), 117–119 Gemstones, 707–709 Glass tubing, 726–727 Glycoside hydrolases, 571t heating-enhanced, 708t Glassy metals, 730–732 Glycosides, 733 radiation-enhanced, 709t Glauberite, 732 Glycosides (Steroid), 733–735 Gemstone treatment, 708t, 708–709, 709t Glauconite, 732 Glycosyltransferases, 571t Gene mutations, 714–715 abrasion pH, 1t Glycyl alcohol, 732 General purpose ABS, physical properties, 22t Glaucophane, 732 Glyphosate, environmental health advisories, 771t Genes, 712 Global Warming Potential, 744 Goethite, 735, 871t and disease, 715–716 Globomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Gold Gene therapy, 717 Globulins, 732 abundance, 330t, 1132t Genetically modified foods, 709 Glospan, 624t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Genetic code, 712 Glossmeter, 1295 density, 474t Genetic engineering, 709–710 Glovebox Flight Program, 741 electronic structure, 337t and pollution, 1715 Glucagon, 791 interatomic distance, 342t vaccines, 1660–1661 where produced, structure, and principal ionic crystal radius, 341t Genetic recombination, 712 functions, 787t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Genetics and gene science (Classical), 710–720 Glucoamylase, 306 principal characteristics, 327t chronology of progress, 711t Glucocerebrosidase Gold amalgam, 72 Gentamicin, year of discovery/market introduction, annual sales, 222t Gold [CAS: 7440–57–5], 735–737 106t therapeutic enzyme, 574t colorant for glass, 725t Geochemistry, 721 Glucocorticoids, 35 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Geocorona, 155 Glucono-δ-lactone standard electrode potential, 31t Geocronite, 721 acidulant, 14 Gold halides, 737 Geometrical isomers, 1542 properties of leavening acid, 925t Gold number, 737 Geometric variables, 1670 Glucose Gold oxides, 736–737 Geopotential altitude, 157t constituent of human blood, 242t Goldschmidt detinning process, 737, 738 Geotrichum candidum, 1770 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Goldschmidt reduction process, 738 Geranium oil, 647t Glucose isomerase, 306 Gold-silicon alloys, phase diagrams, 57 Germane, 722 Glucose oxidase, properties as diagnostic enzyme, Gonadotropic hormones, 790 physical properties, 795t 976t Gonadotropin 1, where produced, structure, and Germanium Glucose-6-phosphate, 283 principal functions, 787t abundance, 330t, 1132t Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 283 Gonorrhea vaccine, 1660 covalent radius, 344t Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, Goodyear, Charles (1800–1860), 738 electronic structure, 336t genetic influence, 716 Gore-Tex, 622t interatomic distance, 342t Glucose-1-P kinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Goserelin USP, hormonal therapy, 358t ionic crystal radius, 341t α-Glucosidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Gout, genetic influence, 716 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t ß-Glucosidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t GPIIb/IIIa Mab, annual sales, 222t principal characteristics, 327t Glufosinate, environmental health advisories, 771t Graham, Thomas (1805–1869), 738 Germanium [CAS: 7440–56–4], 721–722 Glumamycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Graham law, 738 Germanium hydroxide, 721 Glumatic acid, first isolation and isoelectric point, Grain, 738 Gersdorffite, 722 78t Grain boundary, 738 cobalt source, 410t Gluons, 1397 Grain (gr), 1644t Gettering, 722 Glutamic acid Grain refiner, 738 Getters, 319–320 manufacture, 76t Grain size, 738 Giauque, William F. (1895–1982), 722 structural classification, 79t Grain sorghum, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Gibberellic acid, 722–723 synthesis from products of carbohydrate Gram-atom, 738 Gibberellins, 722–723, 1314 metabolism, 282t Gram-equivalent, 738 1802 INDEX

Gram (g), 1644t Guar gum, 748t Hastelloy F, 1071t Gramicidin S, activity and producing organism, 128t Guayule, 1451 Hauptman, Herbert A. (1917–), 756 Gramicidins, activity and producing organism, 128t Guiac gum, 748t Haworth, Sir Walter N. (1883–1950), 756 Gram-mole, 738 Gum arabic, microcapsule material, 997t Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 1711t Gram-molecular weight, 738 Gum resins, 1438 Hazardous waste incineration, 1712 Gram-negative bacteria, ß-lactamase-producing Gums, use in food processing, 671t Heat, 756–758 bacteria, 110t Gums and mucilages, 748t, 748–749 Heat capacity, 757, 758 Gram-negative organisms, 738 Gutzeit test, 749 Heat capacity equation (Einstein), 758 Gram-positive bacteria, ß-lactamase-producing Gypsum, forms and composition, 273t Heat death, of universe, 903 bacteria, 110t Gypsum [CAS: 10101–41–4], 749–750 Heat distortion resistant ABS, 22t Gram-positive organisms, 738 abrasion pH, 1t Heat dump, 758 Gram stain, 738 hardness, 755t Heat exchanger, 758, 760–761 Granite, 738–739 Heat measurement, 756–757 Granitoid, 739 Heat of fusion, 700 Granular leukocytes, 242t H Heat of sublimation, 1558 Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) Haber, Fritz (1868–1934), 751 Heat of vaporization, 1670 annual sales, 222t Habit, 751 Heat sink, 758 unit value and relative production quantity, 232t Hadrons, 751, 1396 Heats of adsorption, 39 Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor Haemophilus influenzae, ß-lactamase-producing Heat storage, 762 (GMCSF) bacterium, 110t Heat transfer, 758–762 annual sales, 222t Haemophilus influenza serotype b vaccine, 1659 Heat-treatable aluminum alloys, 67 763–764 unit value and relative production quantity, 232t Hafnium Heat treating, Heat treatment, gemstones Granulocytes, 242t, 243 abundance, 330t Heavy gas oil, 1255 Grapefruit oil, 647t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Heavy-ion fusion, 699 Grapes, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t covalent radius, 344t Heavy water, 764 Graphic granite, 739 electronic structure, 337t Heavy water nuclear reactor, 1113–1114 Graphite, 1009t interatomic distance, 342t Hecto, 1643t crystal structure, 455 ionic crystal radius, 341t Heisenberg, Werner Karl (1901–1976), 764 hardness, 1008t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Heisenberg force, 1749 as release agent, 1435t principal characteristics, 327t Helicobacter pylori vaccine, 1660 thermal conductivity, 758t Hafnium [CAS: 7440–58–6], 751 Heliogravure, 1289 Graphite composites, 739 Hafnium nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t Heliotrope, 248 Grasses, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Hair, fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Helium Gravel, 740 Half-life, 703, 1406 absolute index, 1426t physical properties, 1428t Halide minerals, 1011 abundance, 1132t Gravimetric analysis, 94, 740 Halides, 751–752 electronic structure, 336t Gravimetric feeder, 604–605 Halite (Rock Salt), 752 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Gravity and microgravity, 740–743 Hall, Charles Martin (1863–1914), 752 percentage in air, 46t Gray iron, 57 Hall coefficient, 752 principal characteristics, 327t Grease, 743 Hall effect and quantized Hall effect, 752–753 in Texas natural gas, 1054t Greenalite, 871t Halleflinta,¨ 753 van der Waals characteristic equation Green gold, 736 Hall generator, 753 coefficients, 321t Greenhouse effect, 743 Hall process, 753 Helium-cadmium lasers, wavelength range, 910t 743–744 Greenhouse gases, Hallucinogens, 753–754 Helium [CAS: 7440–59–7], 764–765 Greenockite, 744 Halocarbon, 754 Helium liquefaction, 765 Greenstone, 744 Halogenated compounds, 1174–1175 Helium-neon lasers, wavelength range, 910t Greisen, 744 Halogenated hydantoins, 793–794 Helleborein, 734t Grignard reactions, 744–745, 1179 Halogen group, 754 Hellige turbidimeter, 1633 Grignard reagents, 744–745 Halomycins, biological activity, 108t Helvecardin A, producing organism, 118t Grinding and polishing agents, 745–746 Halothane, 100t Helvecardin B, producing organism, 118t Grinding fluids, 2 Halowax, 1748 Hematite, 766, 871t Grinding wheels, 2 Hamilton, Alice (1869–1970), 754 Hematology, automated instrumentation applications, average particle size of abrasive used, 746t Hammett acidity function, 13 163–164 Griseofulvin, year of discovery/market introduction, Hann, Otto (1879–1968), 754 Heme, 767 106t Harden, Sir Arthur (1865–1940), 755 Hemicellulose, 766–767 Grossular, 1635 Hardenability of steel, 754–755 Hemicelluloses, 1751 Grossularite, 705 Hardening of metals, 755 Hemicyanine, organic superlattice, 1023 Groundnut oil, 1671 Hard lead, 923t Hemimorphite, 767 characteristics and properties, 1672–1673t antimony content, 139t Hemiterpenoids, 1601 Groundnuts, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Hardness, 755–756 Hemochromatosis, genetic influence, 716 Groundwater, 746 Hardness removal (water softening), 1723 Hemocuprein, source and function, 986t contamination and quality, 1728–1729 Hardness scales, 2t, 755t Hemocyanin, source and function, 986t Group, 746–747 Hard water, 1726 Hemoglobin, 767–768 Growth hormone, 790 Hargreaves process, 756 constituent of human blood, 242t where produced, structure, and principal Harmotome, 756 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t functions, 789t Hartley bands, 3 Hemoglobinometer, 1295 Graphite [CAS: 7440–44–0], 739–740 Hassel, Odd (1897–1981), 756 Hemoglobinopathies, genetic influence, 716 Grundmann aldehyde synthesis, 747 Hassium, 24, 333–334 Hemophilus pertussis, gram-negative, 168t Grunerite, 462, 871t electronic structure, 337t Hemovanadin, source and function, 986t Guanidine [CAS: 113–00–8], 747 principal characteristics, 328t Hemp, 632t, 768 Guanylurea, 747t Hastelloy, 58 Heneicomycin, formula and producing organism, Guanylyl cyclase receptors, 1272 Hastelloy B, 1071t 116t INDEX 1803

Heneicosanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Hexanedioic acid, 34 Hofmann isonitrile synthesis, 778 Henequen, 632t physical properties, 490t Hofmann-Loffler-Freytag reaction, 778 Henry (H), 1644t Hexanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t Hofmann rearrangement, 1424 Henry’s Law, 36 Hexanol, permeation in selected barrier polymers, Hofmann rule, 779 Henry’s law, 768 174t Hofmann’s reaction, 779 Heparin [CAS: 9005–49–6], 768 2-Hexanone, physical properties, 900t Hofmeister series, 389 Hepatitic viruses, 1695 3-Hexanone, physical properties, 900t Hollocellulose, 1751 Hepatitis B vaccine, 1659 7,8,15,16,23,24-Hexaoxatrispiro[5.2.5.2.5.2] Hollow-fiber membranes, 779–780 annual sales, 222t tetracosane, 1234t Holmium Hepatocuprein, source and function, 986t Hexazinone, environmental health advisories, 771t abundance, 330t Hepatoflavin, 1699 trans-2-Hexenal, permeation in selected barrier electronic structure, 337t Hepatolenticular degeneration, genetic influence, 716 polymers, 174t interatomic distance, 342t Heptadecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t 1-Hexene, physical properties, 1150t ionic crystal radius, 341t Heptadecene, biodegradable, 207t Hexokinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t 1-Heptadecene, physical properties, 1150t Hexoses, 279t principal characteristics, 327t n-Heptane, heating value, 686t Hexosyltransferases, 571t properties, 1421t, 1422t Heptanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t sec-Hexyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Holmium [CAS: 7440–60–0], 780–781 2-Heptanone, physical properties, 900t Hexyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, 18t Holograms, 781–782 3-Heptanone, physical properties, 900t Heyrovsky, Jaroslav (1890–1967), 773 Holography, 781–783 1-Heptene, physical properties, 1150t HG-factor, where produced, structure, and principal Holohedral crystal, 782 Heptyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, 18t functions, 787t Homocyclic compound, 428 2-Heptyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, High-alloy irons, 57 Homocystinuria, genetic influence, 716 18t High-alloy steels, 58 Homogeneous, 783–784 n-Heptyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t High density polyethylene, 1140t, 1142–1143 Homogeneous catalysts, 303 Herbicides, 768–773 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Homogenizing, 784 pyridine derivatives, 1385–1386 and carbon dioxide, 173t Homolaudanosine, 49t Herbimycins, biological activity, 108t gas permeability, 172t Homologous series, 784 Herculon, 623t permeation of flavor/aroma compounds, 174t Homometric crystal pairs, 461 Hereditary spherocytosis, genetic influence, 716 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Homopolymer, 784 Heroin, 51, 91, 1041 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) Hong Kong flu, 1694–1695 Herpes simplex vaccine, 1660 in municipal waste, 1714t Hooke’s law, 784 Herpesviruses, 1695 physical properties of structural foams, 665t Hopfield bands, 3 Herschbach, Dudley R. (1932–), 773 Higher amines, aliphatic, 482–484 Hormones, 784–792 Hers’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Higher olefin polymers, 1148–1151 Hornblende, 792 Herzberg, Gerhard (1904–1999), 773 High impact polystyrene, physical properties of abrasion pH, 1t Herzberg bands, 3 structural foams, 665t Hornblendite, 792 Hesperidin, 734t High polymers, 1341 Horse, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, Hessite, 773 High pressure jet cutting, 2 176t Heterocyclic compound, 428 High-pressure technology, 1368 Horsepower (hp), 1644t Heterocyclic compounds, 1176 High-quartz, 1397 Hot-dip galvanizing, 703 Heterogeneous catalysts, 303 High solids alkyd resins, 54 Hot filament ionization vacuum gage, 1664 Heterogenite, cobalt source, 410t High-speed tool steel, hardness, 755t Hot melt adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t Heterogenous, 773 High-strength low-alloy steels, 58 Hot-melt adhesives, 33 Heteromolybdates, 773 High-temperature, high-strength, iron-base alloys, 58 Hot working, 792 Heteropolyacids, 773 High temperature alloys, 774–776 Hour (h), 1644t Hetz (Hz), 1644t High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor, Hrd resins, 1437–1438 Heulandite, 773 1109–1113 Huber, Robert (1937–), 792 Hevesy, Georg de (1885–1966), 773 High vacuum, 1661t Huggins bands, 3 Hexachlorocyclopentadiene, flame retardant, 640t High volatile A bituminous, characteristics, 390t Human, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, Hexadecane, biodegradable, 207t High volatile B bituminous, characteristics, 390t 176t Hexadecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t High volatile C bituminous, characteristics, 390t Human Genome Project, 716–717 1-Hexadecene, physical properties, 1150t Hildebrand, Joel (1891–1983), 777 major events in, 718–719t Hexadecyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, Hildebrand rule, 777 Human growth hormone 18t Hinsberg reaction, 777 annual sales, 222t Hexadecyl stearate, physical properties, 585t Hinshelwood, Sir Cyril N. (1897–1968), 777 unit value and relative production quantity, 232t Hexagonal crystal system, crystallographic elements, Histamine, 777–778 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) vaccine, 455t constituent of human blood, 242t 1660 Hexamethylene diamine, monomer for nylon resins, Histamine antagonists, 777–778 Human von Willebrand factor (vWF), 243–244 1333t Histamine receptors, 777–778 Humectants, use in food processing, 671t Hexamethylenediamine, physical properties, 483t Histamine release, 777 Humectants and moisture-retaining agents, 792–793 Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1654 Histidine Hume-Rothery rules, 793 Hexamethylene tetramine, 75 first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Humidity, 793 3,3,6,6,9,9-Hexamethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8-hexoxononane, manufacture, 76t influence on corrosion, 445 1234t production, 80 Hunter’s syndrome, genetic influence, 716 Hexamine [CAS: 100–97–0], 773–774 structural classification, 79t Hurler’s syndrome, genetic influence, 716 2,5-Hexandione, physical properties, 900t Histidinemia, genetic influence, 716 Hyatt, John Wesley (1837–1920), 793 Hexane Histones, 778 Hydantoin and derivatives, 793–794 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Histosols, 1497t Hydracrylic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 in Texas natural gas, 1054t Hodgkin, Dorothy C. (1910–1994), 778 Hydrastine, 49t n-Hexane Hoffman, Roald (1937–), 778 Hydrate, 794 combustion constants, 422t Hofmann, August Wilhelm (1818–1892), 778 Hydration, 1181 heating value, 686t Hofmann degradation, 778 Hydraulic fluid, 794 1804 INDEX

Hydrazine removal from raw water, 1724 Hyperglycemic-glycogenolyltic factor, where as parent structure compound, 1090t in Texas natural gas, 1054t produced, structure, and principal functions, as propellant, 1447t Hydrogen sulfide [CAS: 7783–06–4], 807 787t Hydrazine [CAS: 302–01–2], 794–795 Hydroisoandrosterone, 98 Hyperlipoproteinemias, genetic influence, 716 Hydrazino group, analysis, 97 Hydrolases, 571t Hyperons, 814 Hydrazoic acid [CAS: 7782–79–8], 795 Hydro-lyases, 571t Hyperprolinemia, genetic influence, 716 Hydrazones, 48, 795, 899 Hydrolysis, 807, 1180, 1525 Hypersorption, 814 Hydrea, antimetabolite, 355t yeast participation, 1769t Hypersthene, 814–815 Hydrides, 795–796 Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, water-soluble polymer, Hypobaric (controlled-atmosphere) systems, 815 Hydroboration, 797 1737–1738 Hypochlorination, 1180 Hydroboration-oxidation, 1178 Hydrometallurgy, 987 Hypochlorites, 815–816 Hydrocarbons, 1170–1181 Hydromorphone, 92t Hypoeutectic alloy, 816 air pollution, 1328 Hydronium ion, 807 Hypofluorite, 816 oxidation, 47 Hydrophilic, 807, 947 Hypoiodites, 816 pollution in oceans, 1731–1732 Hydrophobic, 807, 947 Hypoiodous acid and hypoiodites, 816 Hydrochloric acid [CAS: 7647–01–0], 12, 797 Hydroquinones, 807–808 Hyponitrites, 816 acidulant, 14 Hydrotreater, 1255 Hyponitrous acid and hyponitrites, 816 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), as greenhouse Hydrotreating, 808 α-Hypophamine, where produced, structure, and gas, 744 catalyst application, 304t, 305 principal functions, 788t Hydrocolloid, 797 Hydrous calcium silicate, insulation material, 856t Hypophosphates, 816 Hydrocolonic sonography, 1639 Hydroxide minerals, 1011 Hypophosphites, 816 Hydrocortisone, where produced, structure, and 17-ß-Hydroxy-4-androsten-3-one, where produced, Hypophosphoric acid, 1279 principal functions, 786t structure, and principal functions, 789t Hypophosphoric acid and hypophosphates, 816 Hydrocracked gasoline, 1255 m-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 1455 Hypophosphorous acid, 1279 Hydrocracker, 1255 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, 1455 Hypophosphorous acid and hypophosphites, 816 Hydrodealkylation (HDA), 797 Hydroxycarboxylic acids, 808–809 Hypophyseal growth hormone, where produced, Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), as greenhouse gas, 744 17-Hydroxycorticosterone, where produced, structure, and principal functions, 789t Hydroforming, 797 structure, and principal functions, 786t Hyposulfites, 816 Hydroformylation, 1181 1-Hydroxycyclohexyl 1-hydroperoxycyclohexyl Hyposulfurous acid and hyposulfites, 816 Hydrogem cyanide [CAS: 74–90–8], 804 peroxide, 1234t Hypothesis, 816 Hydrogen, 48 Hydroxy dicarboxylic acids, 810–811 Hysteresis, 816–817 abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t 3-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethylbutyl hydroperoxide, catalyst application in production, 304t, 306 physical properties, 1231t combustion constants, 422t 3-Hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, I combustion reactions, 423t properties, 1239t Ibuprofen, 93, 93t covalent radius, 344t 1-Hydroxyethyl ethyl peroxide, boiling point, 1234t -IC, 819 density, 474t 1-Hydroxyethyl hydroperoxide, 1233t ICE, 819 electronic structure, 336t 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, physical properties, Ice, 1718–1719 fuel properties, 801t 988t absolute index, 1426t heating value, 686t 1-Hydroxyethyl methyl peroxide, boiling point, thermal conductivity, 758t ignition temperature in air, 425t 1234t Icebergs, 1735–1736 ionic crystal radius, 341t Hydroxylamine [CAS: 7803–49–8], 809–810 Ice point, 819 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Hydroxylases, 571t Idaein, 734t percentage in air, 46t Hydroxyl group, analysis, 97 Idamycin, DNA interactive agent, 357t principal characteristics, 327t Hydroxyl group alcohols, 46 Idarubicin hydrochloride, DNA interactive agent, standard electrode potential, 31t Hydroxyl radical, and acid-base chemistry, 13 357t in Texas natural gas, 1054t 1-Hydroxymethyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 794 -IDE, 819 van der Waals characteristic equation Hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide, melting point, 1233t Ideal gas law, 819–820 coefficients, 321t Hydroxymethyl methyl peroxide, boiling point, 1234t Ideal system, 820 Hydrogen (Fuel), 799–804 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2 pentanone, physical Idiopathic hyperbilirubinemia, genetic influence, 716 Hydrogen-annealed iron, magnetic properties, 955t properties, 900t Ifex, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t

Hydrogenated vegetable oils, microcapsule material, 2-(2 -Hydroxy-5 -Methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 1641 Ifosphamide USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking 997t Hydroxymethyltransferases, 571t agent, 356t Hydrogenation, 799, 1177, 1180 1-Hydroxynonyl hydroperoxide, 1233t Ilamycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t catalyst application, 304t, 305 2-Hydroxy-4-octoxybenzophenone, 1641 Illium G, 58, 1071t fats and oils, 1671 1-Hydroxyoctyl hydroperoxide, 1233t Ilmenite, 820, 871t Hydrogen bond, 346 1-Hydroxypentyl hydroperoxide, 1233t Imazamethabenz, environmental health advisories, Hydrogen [CAS: 1333–74–0], 797–799 Hydroxyproline 771t specific heat at constant pressure, 757t first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Imazapyr, environmental health advisories, 771t Hydrogen chloride, 797 manufacture, 76t Imazaquin, environmental health advisories, 771t Hydrogen-ion activity, 804–806 production, 80 Imazethapyr, environmental health advisories, 771t Hydrogenolysis, 1181 structural classification, 79t 2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 793 Hydrogen-oxygen cell, 189 2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, physical properties, Imides, 820 Hydrogen peroxide 988t Imine, 1169t as parent structure compound, 1090t Hydroxyurea USP, antimetabolite, 355t Imines, cyclic, 820–821 as propellant, 1447t Hygrine, 49t Imino acids, first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Hydrogen peroxide [CAS: 7722–84–1], 806–807 Hygrometry and psychometry, 811–814 Iminobispropylamine, physical properties, 483t Hydrogen scale, 807 Hygroscopic, 814 Imino compounds, 821 Hydrogen sulfide, 1571 Hyperammonemia, genetic influence, 716 Iminourea, 747 combustion constants, 422t Hyperconjugation, 814 Imipenem, year of discovery/market introduction, combustion reactions, 423t Hypereutectic alloy, 814 106t girbotol adsorption, 723 Hyperfine structure, 814 Immune system and immunochemistry, 821–823 INDEX 1805

Immunochemistry, 821–823 unit value and relative production quantity, 232t ionic crystal radius, 341t Inceptisols, 1497t where produced, structure, and principal nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Inch (in), 1644t functions, 787t principal characteristics, 327t Inch of mercury (inHg), 1644t Intercalation compounds, 857 properties, 1317t Inch of water (inH2O), 1644t Interface, 857–858 Iridium [CAS: 7439–88–5], 869–870 Incineration, 824 Interfacial forces, 662, 1583–1584 Iridium oxide anodes, 982 Inclusion compound, 428 Interferon, 1696–1697 Iron Inclusion compounds, 824–825 annual sales, 222t abundance, 330t, 1132t Inco, 58 Interleukin-2, annual sales, 222t biologically active chelates, 323t Incoloy 800, 1071t Intermediate (Chemical), 858 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Inconel, 58 Intermediate-moisture foods, 858 covalent radius, 344t Inconel 600, 1071t Intermetallic compound, 428 density, 474t Indeterminacy principle, 1642 Intermetallic compounds, 858 electronic structure, 336t Indican, 734t Intermetallics, high temperature, 774t interatomic distance, 342t Indicator (Chemical), 825 Internal conversion coefficient, 436 ionic crystal radius, 341t Indigo, dyeing process, 522 International Space Station, microgravity research, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Indium 742 plant micronutrient, 613t abundance, 330t, 1132t International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., corrosion resistant alloys, 446t (ITER), 699 616t covalent radius, 344t Interplanetary dust, 600 principal characteristics, 327t electronic structure, 336t Interstitial, 858 Iron-air cells, 186t, 189 interatomic distance, 342t Interstitial compound, 428 Iron alloys, 57–58 ionic crystal radius, 341t Intrinsic bioremediation, 205t Iron [CAS: 7439–89–6], 870–876 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Inulin, 1657 abundance, 5t principal characteristics, 327t In vitro, 858 magnetic properties of annealed and Indium [CAS: 7440–74–6], 825–826 In vivo, 858 alloys, 955t Indocin, 93t In-well bioreactor, 205t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Indoles, 826 Iodine, 754 physical properties of high temperature, 774t Indomethacin, 93t abundance, 330t, 1132t removal from raw water, 1724 Indoor radon, 1417–1487 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t specific heat at constant pressure, 757t Industrial biotechnology, 826–830 covalent radius, 344t standard electrode potential, 31t Industrial plasters, 750 electronic structure, 336t thin-film applications, 958t Inert, 830 ionic crystal radius, 341t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1003 Inert gases, 706, 830 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t water quality indicator, 1726 Infared film, 1292–1293 principal characteristics, 327t Iron chromite, colorant for glass, 725t Inflammation, 91 standard electrode potential, 31t Iron-constantan thermocouples, temperature range, Influenza A viruses, 1694 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 1605t Influenza B viruses, 1694 Iodine [CAS: 7553–56–2], 858–860 Iron metals, alloys, and steels, 877–887 Influenza C viruses, 1694 Iodine (In Biological Systems), 860–861 Iron meteorites, 600 Influenza vaccine, 1659, 1660 Iodine value, 1671 Iron-nickel, thin-film applications, 958t Information retrieval, 830–832 Iodoform, 7 Iron-nickel-chromium, thin-film applications, 958t Infrared absorption bands, 3 Ion, 861–862 Iron-nickel superalloys, 776 Infrared radiation, 832–837 Ion channels, 1272 Iron oxide Ingot, 838 Ion-exchange resins, 862–864 colorant for glass, 725t Inhibitor, 838 Ion exclusion, 865 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Initiators (Anionic), 838–839 Ionic compound, 428 Iron pyrites, 871t Initiators (Cationic), 839–840 Ionic crystal, 865 Iron sulfide, colorant for glass, 725t Initiators (Free-Radical), 840–842 Ionic equilibrium, 865 Irradiation, gemstones, 708t, 708–709 Injection-molded SAN, 21 Ionic mobility, 865 Irreversibility, 902–903 Inner compound, 428 Ionic polymerization, 1346 Isentropic process, 34 Inner salt, 1456 Ionic radius, 340–341 Isoamyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Inorganic acids, 12 Ion implantation, 865 isoamyl alcohol, physical properties, 89t Inorganic bases, 12 Ionization, 866 Isoamylethylene, melting range, 1546t Inorganic chemistry, 842 Ionization chambers, 1759 Isobars, 330–332, 331t Inorganic compound, 428 ultraviolet radiation, 1640 Isobornyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, Inorganic high-polymers, 843–844 Ionized gases, 866 18t Inorganic nomenclature, 1088–1089 Ionizing particles, 866 Isobutane Inorganic pigments, 1305–1308 Ionizing radiation, 1406, 1407 combustion constants, 422t Inorganic polymers, 1347–1348 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t physical properties, 263t Inosilicate minerals, 1013 Ion lasers, wavelength range, 910t in Texas natural gas, 1054t Inositol, 844 Ion microprobe mass analyzer, 866–868 Isobutene, combustion constants, 422t Insecticide, 844–848 Ion nitriding, 763t Isobutyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Insecticide and pesticide technology, 848–851 Ionomers, 868–869 Isobutyl acrylate Insects, as plant-growth control agents, 772–773 Ionosphere, 156 physical properties, 18t Instrumental analysis, 1532 Ion retardation, 869 physical properties of polymers, 18t Insulating cement, insulation material, 857 Ipatieff, Vladimir N. (1890–1952), 869 Isobutyl alcohol, physical properties, 262t Insulating concrete, insulation material, 857 Ipecac, 51 Isobutylene, physical properties, 263t Insulation (Electric), 851 Iridescence, 869 Isobutylethylene, melting range, 1546t Insulation (Thermal), 851–857 Iridium Isobutyl heptyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Insulators, electronic structure, 1519 abundance, 330t Isobutyl isobutyrate, physical properties, 585t Insulin, 791, 857 electronic structure, 337t 3-Isobutyl pyrazine, as key odor/tase compound, annual sales, 222t interatomic distance, 342t 649 1806 INDEX

Isobutyl vinyl ether Japanese encephalitis, 1660 Ketene lamp, 898 melting range, 1546t Japanwax, 1747 Ketenes, 898–899, 899 physical properties, 1690t Japp-Klingemann reaction, 893 Ketimine, 899 Isocitric acid, 282t Jarosite, 893 Ketoacid-lyases, 571t Isocitricdehydrogenase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Jasper, 893 Ketoaciduria, genetic influence, 716 Isocyanates, polyurethanes from, 1654 Jatrophone, 893 α-Ketoglutaric acid, 282t Isocyanates, organic, 886–888 Jelly, 893 α-Ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase, 282t Isocyanurate laminate, physical properties of rigid Jenner, Edward (1749–1823), 893 Ketohexoses, 279t foamed plastics, 664t Jet cutting, 2 Ketone, 1169t, 1174 Isodesmic structure, 888 Jet fuel, 893 Ketone bodies, constituent of human blood, 242t Isodiaphere, 888 Jetset, 893 Ketone peroxides, organic peroxide initiators, 841t Isodimorphism, 888 Jewelry bronze, 440t Ketones, 899–901 Isoelectric point, 76, 77t, 79 JH (methyl-cis-10,11-epoxy-7-ethyl-3, aldol condensation, 48 Isoflurane, 100t 11-dimethyl-trans,trans-2,6-tridecadienoate), physical properties of selected, 900t Isoleucine 894 Ketone splitting, 7 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Joliet-Curie, Frederick (1900–1958), 894 Ketonic acids, 899 manufacture, 76t Joliet-Curie, Irene (1897–1956), 894 Ketonic hydrolysis, 899 in selected foods, 75t Jones oxidation, 894 Ketoprofen, 93t structural classification, 79t Josamycin, commercial products, 121t Ketoses, 899 Isomerases, 571t Josephson, Brian David (1940–), 894 Ketoximes, 899 Isomerism, 888–889 Josephson effect, 894 Kevlar, 622t Isomerization, 889, 1179 Josephson junctions, 894 Keyes equation, 901 catalyst application, 305 Josephson tunnel-junction, 894 Keyes process, 901 Isomer (Nuclear), 888 Joule, James Prescott (1818–1889), 894 Kibdelin, producing organism, 118t Isomesityl oxide, physical properties, 900t Joule (J), 1644t Kidneys Isomorphous crystal, 461 Joule law, 894 acid-base regulation in, 8 Isonitrile, 1169t Joule per Kelvin (J/K), 1644t role in sodium/potassium balance, 1363–1364 Isoparaffins, gas separation, 39t Joule-Thomson coefficient, 894 Killed steels, 58 Isopelletierine, 49t Joule-Thomson effect, 894–895, 902 Kilo, 1643t Isopentane Joule-Thomson inversion temperature, 894 Kilogram (kg), 1644t combustion constants, 422t Jourdan-Uiimann-Goldberg synthesis, 895 Kimberlite, 901 in Texas natural gas, 1054t J particle, 1397 Kinetic measurements, 901–902 Isophorone, physical properties, 900t Jute, 632t Kinetic polarimetry, 1322 ß-Isophorone, physical properties, 900t Juvenile hormones, 895 Kinetics, adsorption, 37 Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 1654 Kinetic theory, 902–903 Isoprene, 889–890 Kinetins, 1314 cis-1,4-Isoprene, melting range, 1546t K Kinins, 903 trans-1,4-Isoprene, melting range, 1546t K-288, producing organism, 118t Kirromycin, formula and producing organism, 116t Isopropyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Kanamycin Kirrothricin, formula and producing organism, 116t Isopropyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, antibiotic resistance markers, 710 Kishner cyclopropane synthesis, 903 18t year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Kistiakowsky, George B. (1900–1982), 903–904 Isopropyl alcohol [CAS: 67–63–0], 890 Kanglemycins, biological activity, 108t Kjeldhal test, 904 Isopropyl ether, physical properties, 587t Kaolin, 897 Klebsiella, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Isopropylethylene, melting range, 1546t analysis, 316t Klebsiella pneumoniae Isopropyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t physical properties, 1428t gram-negative, 168t Isopropylnitrate, 1082 as release agent, 1435t ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t Isopropylnitrite, 1082 Kaolinite, 895 Klein-Gordon equation, 1395 Isopropyl vinyl ether, physical properties, 1690t abrasion pH, 1t Klug, Aaron S. (1926–), 904 Isoquinoline, 1401–1403 hardness, 1008t Kluyveromyces fragilis, 1767, 1768 physical properties, 1400t Kapok, 632t Knoop hardness, 2t Isoquinoline alkaloids, 49t Karats, 735 Knot (kn), 1644t Isotactic 1,2-butadiene, melting range, 1546t Karaya gum, 748t Koagulationsvitamin, 1706 Isothebaine, 49t Karbutilate, environmental health advisories, 771t Kodel, 623t Isothermal, 890 Karle, Jerome (1918–), 897 Komarowsky reaction, 904 Isotone, 890 Karrer, Paul (1889–1971), 897 Konowaloff rule, 904 Isotope, 890–891 Katamorphism, 98 Kopp’s law, 904 Isotopes, 330–332, 331t Kauri-butanol value, 897 Krabbe’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Isotretinoin USP, chemotherapeutic, 359t K-edge dichromography, 1762 Kraft pulping process, 1379 Isoxaben, environmental health advisories, 771t Kekule, August (1829–1896), 897 Krebs citric acid cycle, 281, 282t Istle, 632t Kelvin (K), 1644t Krebs cycle, 1596–1597 Iturins A, activity and producing organism, 128t Kelvin temperature scale, 3, 1599 Kroll process, 904 Izupeptin A, producing organism, 118t Kenaf, 632t Kroto, Sir Harold W. (1939–), 904 Izupeptin B, producing organism, 118t Kendrew, John C. (1917–1997), 897 Krypton Keratin, 897, 1752 abundance, 330t, 1132t Keratinase, 897 electronic structure, 336t J Kerma, 897 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Jacobsen rearrangement, 893 Kernite, 897 percentage in air, 46t Jacquemart’s reagent, 893 Kerogen, 898 principal characteristics, 327t Jade, 893 Kerosene Krypton [CAS: 7439–90–9], 904 Jadeite, 893 in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t K shell, 335, 335t Jamesonite, 893 in representative world crude oils, 1243t electronic structure of the elements, 336–337t Janovsky reaction, 893 Kerosine, ignition temperature in air, 425t Kucherov reaction, 905 INDEX 1807

Kuhn, Richard (1900–1967), 904–905 Lasers, 909–919 Lemon oil, 647t Kuhn-Winterstein reaction, 905 optical fiber applications, 1156–1157 Length of unused bed (LUB), adsorption columns, Kuru, 1696 Latent heat, 920 37 KW2149, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t Laterite, 920 Lentaron, hormonal therapy, 358t Kyanite, 905, 1009t Latex, 920 Lepidocrocite, 871t physical properties, 1428t Latex foam, production methods for cellular, 664t Lepidolite, 927 Latex foam rubber, physical properties of flexible mineralogical properties, 993t foamed plastics, 665t Leptons, 927 L Latex technology, 920–921 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, genetic influence, 716 L681,217, formula and producing organism, 116t Lattice compounds, 921 Leucine Labradorite, 607 Lattice energy of crystal, 921 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t abrasion pH, 1t Lattice water, 794 manufacture, 76t Lacquer, 907 Laue pattern, 1758 production, 80 ß-Lactam antibiotics, 111–112 Lauric acid in selected foods, 75t ß-Lactamase inhibitor antibiotics, 109–111 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t structural classification, 79t Lactase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t Leucite, 927–928 Lactase deficiencies, genetic influence, 716 Lauric acid [CAS: 143–07–7], 921 abrasion pH, 1t Lactate dehydrogenase, target of medical diagnostic Laurolactam, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Leuprolide acetate USP, hormonal therapy, 358t test, 975t Lauryl methacrylate, physical properties, 988t Leupron, hormonal therapy, 358t Lactic acid Lava, 921 Levarterenol, where produced, structure, and acidulant, 14 Lavender oil, 647t principal functions, 788t constituent of human blood, 242t Laviosier, Antoine Laurent (1743–1794), 921–922 Levarternol, 35–36 Lactic acid [CAS: 50–21–5], 907–908 Lawrence, Ernest O. (1901–1958), 921 Levene-Hudson phenylhydrazide rule, 928 Lactofen, environmental health advisories, 771t Lawrencium, 23t Levorenine, where produced, structure, and principal Lactoflavin, 1699 binary compound properties, 25–26t functions, 786t Lactogen, where produced, structure, and principal electronic structure, 337t Levorotatory, 78, 1543 functions, 788t oxidation states, 24t Levorotatory compounds, 928 Lactogenic hormone, where produced, structure, and principal characteristics, 327t Levorphanol, 92t, 93t, 1041 principal functions, 788t Lawrencium [CAS: 22537–19–5], 921 Lewis, Gilbert N. (1875–1946), 928 Lactone, 908 Lawsonite, 921 Lewis, Warren P. (1882–1974), 928 ß-Lactones, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Lazulite, 921–922 Lewis acid, 928 for, 838t Lazurite, 922 Lewis base, 928 Lactose, 1000 Leaching, 987 Lewis electron theory, 928 purification, 863t Lead Lewis salt, 13 Lactose [CAS: 63–42–3], 908 abundance, 330t, 1132t Leyden temperature scale, 928 Ladder polymer, 908 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Libby, Willard P. (1908–1980), 928 Lakes, acidification, 9 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Lidocaine, 100t Lambda particle, 908 density, 474t Liebig, Justus Von (1803–1873), 928 Lambert (L), 1644t electronic structure, 337t Life, origin (Biogenesis), 928 Lamb waves, 1637 EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous Ligand, 928–929, 1542–1543 Laminar flow, 908 discharge, 985t Ligases, 571t Laminate, 908 in hazardous waste, 1711t Light distillate, 1255 Lampblack, 908 interatomic distance, 342t Light-emitting diode, optical fiber applications, 1157 Lana, 623t ionic crystal radius, 341t Light glass, 1163t Landerite, 1755 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Light-sensitive materials, 1485 Land-farming, 205t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Light stabilizer, 1641 Land reclamation, 1440 principal characteristics, 327t Light straight-run, 1255 Land treatment, 205t residence time in sea water, 1133t Light-water reactor (LWR), 1647 Langmuir, Irving (1881–1957), 908–909 specific heat at constant pressure, 757t Lignaloe, 647t Langmuir adsorption isotherm, 36–37 standard electrode potential, 31t Lignin, 929, 1751 Langmuir-Blodgett films, 1017–1026 water quality indicator, 1726 Lignite A, characteristics, 390t Langmuir-Blodgett film sensors, 1024–1026 Lead acetate, 6 Lignite and brown coal, 929–930 Lanolin, 1747 Lead-acid batteries, 181–182 Lignite B, characteristics, 390t as release agent, 1435t Lead base babbits, 923t Lime, 930–931 Lanthanide contraction, 909 Lead [CAS: 7439–92–1], 922–925 Lime oil, 647t Lanthanides, principal characteristics of elements, Lead diecasting alloys, antimony content, 139t Limestone, 930–931 327–328t Leaded brass, 440t Limestone [CAS: 1317–65–3], 930–931 Lanthanide series, 909 Lead glasses, 725 D-Limonene, permeation in selected barrier Lanthanum Leather beating enzymes, 306 polymers, 174t abundance, 330t, 1132t Leavened bread, 1767 Limonite, 871t, 931 covalent radius, 344t Leavening agents, 925–926 Lincomycin, year of discovery/market introduction, electronic structure, 336t Le Chatelier’s˚ Principle, 926 106t interatomic distance, 342t Lecithin, 926–927 Lincosaminide antibiotics, 119–120 ionic crystal radius, 341t constituent of human blood, 242t Lindane insecticide, in hazardous waste, 1711t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Leduc’s rulke, 927 Linear accelerator, 1215 principal characteristics, 327t Lee, Yuan T. (1936–), 927 Linear alkane, 1169t properties, 1421t, 1422t Lehn, Jean-Marie Pierre (1939–), 927 Linear low density polyethylene, 1140t, 1143–1146 Lanthanum [CAS: 7439–91–0], 909 Lelanche´ cell, 179t Linen, fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Large scale integration, 1017 cell reactions, energy content, and Linnaeite, cobalt source, 410t Laser chemistry, 1285–1286 manufacturers, 179t Linoleic acid, 931 Laser femtochemistry, 1286 Leloir, Luis F. (1906–1987), 927 Linolenic acid, 931 Laser glasses, 725 Lemongrass oil, 647t fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t 1808 INDEX

Linotype, 923t Lithium-solid polymer electrolyte cells, 182 principal characteristics, 327t Linseed oil, 1671 Lithium-sulfur dioxide cell, 185 properties, 1421t, 1422t fatty acid composition, 507t cell reactions, energy content, and Lutetium [CAS: 7439–94–3], 947 Linuron, environmental health advisories, 771t manufacturers, 179t Lux (lx), 1644t Lipase Lithium-thionyl chloride cell, 185 LY146032, activity and producing organism, 128t metal chelate enzyme, 323t cell reactions, energy content, and Lyases, 571t target of medical diagnostic test, 975t manufacturers, 179t Lycorine, 49t therapeutic enzyme, 574t Lithium-vanadium pentoxide (Li-V2O5) cell, 183 Lycra, 624t Lipids, 931 cell reactions, energy content, and Lyme disease vaccine, 1660 constituent of human blood, 242t manufacturers, 180t Lymphocytes, 242t, 243 Lipmann, Fritz (1899–1986), 932 Lithium-vanadium triskaidekaoxide (Li-V6O13) cell, Lyocell fiber, generic designation and definition, 622t Lipowitz’ alloy, bismuth in, 238t cell reactions and energy content (in Lyophilic, 947 Lippmann hologram, 781 development), 180t Lyophobic, 947 Lipscomb, William N. (1919–), 932 Lithography, nanofabrication application, 1047t Lyotropic series, 389 Liquation, 932 Little, Arthur D. (1863–1935), 943 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 566, 754 Liquefied petroleum gas LPG, 1255 LL-E1902ß, formula and producing organism, 116t Lysine Liquid, 932 LL-E19020α, formula and producing organism, 116t first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Liquid carburizing, 763t Local anesthetics, 100–101 manufacture, 76t Liquid Chromatography, 41 Local probe-assisted synthesis, nanofabrication in selected foods, 75t Liquid chromatography, 932–933 application, 1047t structural classification, 79t for ultratrace analysis, 1627t Locust bean gum, 748t synthesis from products of carbohydrate Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, for Lometrexol sodium, antimetabolite, 355t metabolism, 282t ultratrace analysis, 1627t Lomustine USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Lysodren, chemotherapeutic, 359t Liquid crystalline materials, 933–935 356t Lysosomal storage abnormalities, genetic influence, Liquid crystal polymers, 935 London flu, 1694 716 Liquid crystals, 935–937 Long- ultraviolet, 1639 Liquid cyaniding, 763t Loose abrasives, 2 Liquid junction, 937 Loose-fill Insulation, insulation material, 857 M Liquid-liquid absorption, 4–5 Low alloy steels, 775 Macbecins, biological activity, 108t Liquid-liquid extraction, 594–598 Low-alloy steels, 57–58, 58 Macerate, 949 Liquid-phase adsorption, 40–42 Low brass, 440t Machinery mold, 1770 Liquid-solid extraction, 598–599 Low carbon steel, magnetic properties, 955t Macrolide antibiotics, 120–122 Liquid state, 937–941 Low density polyethylene, 1140t, 1140–1142 Macromolecular nomenclature, 1091 Liquidus curve, 57 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Macromolecular science, 949 Liter (l), 1644t and carbon dioxide, 173t Macromolecule, 949 Lithium, 48 gas permeability, 172t Macrophages, 242t, 243 abundance, 330t, 1132t permeation of flavor/aroma compounds, 174t Magic acid, 13 covalent radius, 344t water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Magnesia, dielectric permittivity, 852t electronic structure, 336t Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), in municipal Magnesite, 949 interatomic distance, 342t waste, 1714t abrasion pH, 1t ionic crystal radius, 341t Low-quartz, 1397 physical properties, 1428t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Lowry-Bronsted acid-base theory, 12 Magnesium, 49 principal characteristics, 327t Low volatile bituminous, characteristics, 390t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t residence time in sea water, 1133t LSD-25, 566, 754 biologically active chelates, 323t standard electrode potential, 31t L shell, 335, 335t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Lithium-acid cell, cell reactions, energy content, and electronic structure of the elements, 336–337t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t manufacturers, 180t Lubricant, 943 covalent radius, 344t Lithium-aluminum/iron sulfide cell, 182–183 Lubricating agents, 943–946 electronic structure, 336t cell reactions and energy content (in Lucovorin, antimetabolite, 355t essential mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1003 development), 180t Lumen (lm), 1644t hard water, 1726 Lithium-carbon cell, cell reactions, energy content, Lumen per square foot (lm/ft2), 1644t in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t and manufacturers, 180t Lumen per square meter (lm/m2), 1644t interatomic distance, 342t Lithium-carbon monofluoride cell, cell reactions, Lumen per watt (lm/W), 1644t ionic crystal radius, 341t energy content, and manufacturers, 179t Luminescence, 946–947 modulus and rigidity, 538t Lithium [CAS: 7439–93–2], 941–943 Lunar rocks, 1011l nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Lithium-copper oxide cell, cell reactions, energy Lupanine, 49t plant micronutrient, 613t content, and manufacturers, 179t Lupine alkaloids, 49t principal characteristics, 327t Lithium-drifted Si detectors, 1759 Lustran-35, 21t residence time in sea water, 1133t Lithium fluoride, for diffracting crystal spectrometer, Luteinizing hormone (LH), where produced, standard electrode potential, 31t 1760 structure, and principal functions, 787t water quality indicator, 1726 Lithium hydride, physical properties, 795t Luteoantine, where produced, structure, and Magnesium(II), target of medical diagnostic test, Lithium-iodine cell, cell reactions, energy content, principal functions, 787t 975t and manufacturers, 179t Luteosterone, where produced, structure, and Magnesium acetate, 6 Lithium-iron sulfide cell, cell reactions, energy principal functions, 788t Magnesium alloys, 58 content, and manufacturers, 179t Luteotropin, where produced, structure, and principal hardness, 755t Lithium-manganese dioxide cell functions, 787t Magnesium carbonate, alkalizer, 14 cell reactions, energy content, and Lutetium Magnesium [CAS: 7439–95–4], 949–953 manufacturers, 179t abundance, 330t Magnesium ethyl bromide, 744 rechargeable, 180t electronic structure, 337t Magnesium hydride, physical properties, 795t Lithium-molybdenum disulfide cell, cell reactions, interatomic distance, 342t Magnesium hydroxide, alkalizer, 14 energy content, and manufacturers, 180t ionic crystal radius, 341t Magnesium (In Biological Systems), 953–955 Lithium soap greases, 743 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, 1236t INDEX 1809

Magnesium nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t principal characteristics, 327t Medium vacuum, 1661t Magnesium oxide removal from raw water, 1724 Medium volatile bituminous, characteristics, 390t alkalizer, 14 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004–1005 Medroxyprogesterone acetate USP, hormonal dielectric permittivity, 852t water quality indicator, 1726 therapy, 358t Magnesium stearate, as release agent, 1435t Manganese acetate, 6 Meerwin-Ponndorf-Verley reduction, 1179 Magnetic ingot iron, magnetic properties, 955t Manganese aluminum germanide, thin-film Mega, 1643t Magnetic iron pyrites, 871t applications, 958t Megace, hormonal therapy, 358t Magnetic materials, 955–958 Manganese bismuth, thin-film applications, 958t Megaloblasts, 241–243 Magnetic particle nondestructive testing, 1093–1094 Manganese [CAS: 7439–96–5], 966–968 Megestrol acetate USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Magnetic pyrites, 1390 Manganese gallium germanide, thin-film Meisenheimer complex, 893 Magnetic quantum number, 1396 applications, 958t Meitnerium, 24, 334 Magnetic refrigeration, 1432–1434 Manganese (In Biological Systems), 968–969 electronic structure, 337t Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 1099–1100 Manganese-zinc cells, 186t principal characteristics, 328t Magnetic separation, 958–959 Manganite, 969 Melamine [CAS: 108–78–1], 75, 979 Magnetic thin films, 1613 Mannacryl, 621t Melanite, 705 Magnetism, 959–961 Mannich reaction, 969 Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH), where Magnetite, 871t, 961 Manometer, 1368 produced, structure, and principal functions, hardness, 1008t Many-body force, 969 787t Magnetochemistry, 961 Marathon-Howard process, 969 Melanotropin, where produced, structure, and Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), 961 Marble, 969–970 principal functions, 787t Magnetorheological materials, 1485 hardness, 1008t Melanterite, abrasion pH, 1t Magnetostriction, 961 Marcasite, 871t, 970, 1009t Mellophanic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Magnetostrictive materials, 1484 Marcus, Rudolph A. (1923–), 970 Melphalan USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Majorana force, 1749 Marfan’s syndrome, genetic influence, 716 356t Majority carriers, 1467 Margarines, 1671, 1673 Membrane separations technology, 976–978 Malachite, 961–962 Marijuana, 768 Mendelevium, 23t Malachite green, pH range and color change of Mark-Houwink equation, 970 binary compound properties, 25–26t indicator, 825t Markownikoff rule, 970 electronic structure, 337t Malaic acid dehydrogenase, 282t Marquesa, 623t interatomic distance, 342t Malaprade reaction, 962 Martensite, 970 ionic crystal radius, 341t Malaria vaccine, 1660 Martensitic stainless steel, 58 oxidation states, 24t Maleic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Martin, Archer J. P. (1910–2002), 970 principal characteristics, 327t Maleic acid [CAS: 110–16–7], 962–963 Marves, 623t Mendelevium [CAS: 7440–11–1], 978 Maleic anhydride, copolymerization with vinyl Maser, 970–971 Mendeleyev, Dimitri (1834–1907), 978 ethers, 1689 Mass, 971 Meningitis vaccine, 1659 Maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and fumaric acid, Mass (Center of), 971 Meniscus, 978 962–963 Mass defect, 971 p-Menthane, physical properties, 1231t Maleic anhydride [CAS: 108–31–61], 962–963 Mass number, 971 Menthanediamine, physical properties, 483t Maleic hydrazide, 1314 Mass spectrometry, 971–974 Mentha piperita, 647t Maleic hydrazide growth inhibitor, 963 for ultratrace analysis, 1627t Menthone, permeation in selected barrier polymers, Male pseudobermaphroditism, genetic influence, 716 Masticatory substances, 974–975 174t Male secondary sex characteristics, 98 Material balance, 170 Meperidine, 93t, 1041 Male sex hormones, 790 Matrix metal, 923t Mepivacaine, 100t where produced, structure, and principal Matter, 1209 Mercaptans, 978 functions, 786t Matter-antimatter symmetry, 1394 Mercaptol, 7 Malic acid, 282t Matulane, DNA interactive agent, 357t Mercaptopurine USP, antimetabolite, 355t acidulant, 14 Mauritius, 632t Mercury Malleable iron, 57 Maxell (Mx), 1644t abundance, 330t, 1132t Malonates, 963–964 Maytansinoids, biological activity, 108t density, 474t Malonic acid and derivatives, 963–964 MB isoenzyme (CK-MB), target of medical electronic structure, 337t Malonic acid [CAS: 141–82–2], 963 diagnostic test, 975t interatomic distance, 342t Malononitrile, 964 McLeod gage, 975 ionic crystal radius, 341t Malt, 964–966 McMillan, Edwin M. (1907–1991), 975 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Maltha, 966 M43 complex, producing organism, 118t principal characteristics, 327t Maltodextrin, use in food processing, 671t Mean free path, 902 Mercury-cadmium cells, 186t Maltodextrins, microcapsule material, 997t Mean square molecular speed, 902 Mercury [CAS: 7439–97–6], 978–980 Mammotropin, where produced, structure, and Measles vaccine, 1659 in hazardous waste, 1711t principal functions, 788t Mechanical equivalent of heat, 757 standard electrode potential, 31t Manganese Mechanical friction, 685 thermal conductivity, 758t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Mechlorethamine hydrochloride, definitely water quality indicator, 1726 amount in pure irons, 877t established workplace carcinogen, 297t Mercury cell, cell reactions, energy content, and biologically active chelates, 323t Mechlorethamine hydrochloride USP, DNA manufacturers, 179t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t Merrifield, R. Bruce (1921–), 981 covalent radius, 344t Meclofenamate, 93t Mescaline, 566 electronic structure, 336t Meclomen, 93t Mesitylene, 7 interatomic distance, 342t Medical diagnostic reagents, 975–976 Mesityl oxide, 7 ionic crystal radius, 341t Medicine physical properties, 900t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t ultrasound applications, 1639 Mesna USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t x-ray scan and other medical imagery, 356t plant micronutrient, 613t 1761–1762 Mesnex, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., Medium-alloy steels, 58 Mesodesmic structure, 981 616t Medium density polyethylene, 1140t Mesons, 981, 1396 1810 INDEX

Mesosphere, 156, 157 Methoxychlor insecticide, in hazardous waste, 1711t Methylmorphine, 50 Messenger RNA, 713, 1125 1-Methoxycyclohexyl hydroperoxide, physical 1-Methylnaphthalene, dye carrier, 512t Meta-anthracite, characteristics, 390t properties, 1231t 2-Methylnaphthalene, dye carrier, 512t Metabolism, 981 2-Methoxyethyl acetate, physical properties, 585t 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, physical properties, Metachromatic leukodystrophy, genetic influence, Methoxyflurane, 100t 1402t 716 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 1668 N-Methylolhydantoins, 794 Metal anodes, 981–982 2-Methoxy-2-propyl hydroperoxide, physical Methyl orange, pH range and color change of Metal creep, 449–450 properties, 1231t indicator, 825t Metal fatigue, 603–604 Methyl acetate, physical properties, 585t 3-Methyl-2-pentanone, physical properties, 900t Metal hardening, 755 Methyl acrylate, 17, 20 4-Methyl-2-pentanone, physical properties, 900t Metallic coatings, 982–985 physical properties, 18t, 585t 4-Methyl-3-penten-2-one, physical properties, 900t Metallic glasses, 58, 730–732 physical properties of polymers, 18t 4-Methyl-4-penten-2-one, physical properties, 900t Metallic radius, 341–345, 342t Methyl alcohol 4-Methylperoxybenzoic acid, 1236t Metallobiomolecules, 985 combustion constants, 422t Methylphenethylamine, 88 Metallocene catalysts, 1149 heating value, 686t Methyl phenyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Metallocenes, 985–986 Methyl alcohol [CAS: 67–56–1], 991–993 Methyl propyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Metallography, 986 Methylallene, 262 Methylpyridinium iodide, 1398 Metalloid, 986 Methyl amyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Methyl-2-pyridyl ketone, as key odor/tase Metalloproteins, 986 Methyl anthranilate, physical properties, 585t compound, 649 Metallothionein, source and function, 986t Methyl benzoate Methyl red, pH range and color change of indicator, Metallothioneins, 986 dye carrier, 512t 825t Metallurgy, 986–987 physical properties, 585t Methyl salicylate extractive, 599 2-Methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, physical properties, permeation in selected barrier polymers, 174t powder, 1364–1365 1402t physical properties, 585t Metal-matrix composites, aluminum-containing, 70 Methylbenzoylepgonine, 50 Methyl stearate, physical properties, 585t Metalorganic compound, 429 Methylbiphenyl, dye carrier, 512t Methyltheobromine, 50 Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor 2-Methyl-1-butanol, physical properties, 89t Methyltransferases, 571t (MOSFET), 1467 2-Methyl-2-butanol, physical properties, 89t Methyl vinyl ether Metals, 987 3-Methyl-1-butanol, physical properties, 89t physical properties, 1690t 3-Methyl-2-butanol, physical properties, 89t electronic structure, 1518–1519 polymerization, 1689 3-Methyl-2-butanone, physical properties, 900t in municipal waste, 1714t Methyl vinyl ketone, physical properties, 900t 3-Methyl-2-buten-2-one, physical properties, 900t Metaphosphoric acid, 1279 Methyl violet, pH range and color change of Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), 587–588 Metastable nuclei, 987 indicator, 825t physical properties, 587t Metastable state, 987 Methyl xanthic acid, 1755 Methyl n-butyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Meteorites, 599–600 Metolachlor, environmental health advisories, 771t Methyl sec-butyl ketone, physical properties, 900t krypton in, 904 Metribuzin, environmental health advisories, 771t Methyl butyrate, physical properties, 585t neon in, 1064 Metsulfuron, methyl, environmental health Methyl chloride, physical properties, 366t xenon in, 1757 advisories, 771t Methyl cresotinate, dye carrier, 512t Meter (m), 1644t Meyer reaction, 993 Methyl cyanoacetate, 964 Metglas, magnetic properties, 956t Meyer-Schuster rearrangement, 993 1-Methylcyclohexyl hydroperoxide, physical Metglas 2605, 731t Mezlocillin, year of discovery/market introduction, properties, 1231t Methacrylates, monomer reactivity and suitable
106t 4,4 -Methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), initiator for, 838t Mho (mho), 1644t polyurethanes from, 1653, 1654 987–989 993–995 Methacrylic acid and derivatives, Methylene blue, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Mica, Methacrylic acid [CAS: 79–41–4], 16–17, 987–989 Methylene chloride, physical properties, 366t dielectric permittivity, 852t Methacrylic polymers, 989–990 Methylene dimethyl ether, 6 hardness, 1008t Methacycline, year of discovery, 130t Methyl-cis-10,11-epoxy-7-ethyl-3,11-dimethyl- as release agent, 1435t Methadone, 1041 trans,trans-2,6-tridecadienoate (JH), 894 Mica (glass-bonded), dielectric permittivity, 852t Methane Methylethyl ketone, 899 Micelle, 995, 1584 combustion constants, 422t Methyl ethyl ketone, 899 Michel, Hartmut (1948–), 995 combustion reactions, 423t physical properties, 900t Microchemistry, 995 heating value, 686t Methyl formate, physical properties, 585t Microcline, abrasion pH, 1t ignition temperature in air, 425t 5-Methyl-2-hexanone, physical properties, 900t Microclusters, 1471 in Texas natural gas, 1054t Methyl hexyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Micrococcin P1, activity and producing organism, Methane [CAS: 74–82–8], 990–991 5-Methylhydantoin, 794 128t as greenhouse gas, 743–744 Methyl hydroperoxide, physical properties, 1231t Microcontact printing, nanofabrication application, measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Methyl isoamyl ketone, physical properties, 900t 1047t percentage in air, 46t Methyl isobutyl ketone, 899 Microcrsystalline waxes, 1748 physical properties, 47t physical properties, 900t Microcrystalline, 995 Methanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t Methyl isobutyrate, physical properties, 585t Microcrystalline wax, as release agent, 1435t Methanogens, 991 Methyl isocyanate, 464 Microelectronics, 1017 Methanol, 991–993 Methyl isopropenyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Microemulsions, 995–996 catalyst application in production, 304t, 306 Methyl isopropyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Microencapsulation, 996–998 physical properties, 47t Methylketene, 898 Microfabrication, nanofabrication application, 1047t purification, 863t Methyl methacrylate, 17, 20 Microgravity, 740–743 substitute natural gas from, 1563 Methylmethacrylate, dielectric permittivity, 852t effect on calcium in bones, 271 Methionine Methyl methacrylate Micrometer (µm), 1644t first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t melting range, 1546t Micronutrient, 1628 manufacture, 76t physical properties, 585t, 988t Microgravity and materials processing, 998–999 in selected foods, 75t Methylmethane, 586 Microscopy (Chemical), 999 structural classification, 79t Methyl N-methyl-anthrailate, as key odor/tase Microwave spectroscopy, 999 Methotrexate, antimetabolite, 355t compound, 649 Middle-ultraviolet, 1639 INDEX 1811

Midgley, Thomas, Jr., 999 Molal concentration, 1016 Monomer, 1041 Miescher degradation, 1000 Molar concentration, 1016 Monomolecular layer, 1041 Mignonac reaction, 1000 Molar heat, 758, 1016 Monoperoxyphthalic acid, 1236t Mild steel, hardness, 755t Molar (Stoichiometry), 1016 Monoperoxysuccinic acid, 1236t Mile, nautical (nmi), 1644t Molds, 1767–1770 Monosaccharides, 279t Mile, statute (mi), 1644t Molecular activation, 28–29 Monosaturated fats, 1671 Milk and milk products, 1000–1001 Molecular and supermolecular electronics, Monosialoganglioside, 705 Milk fat, 1000 1016–1026 Monoterpenoids, 1601 Milk proteins, 1000 Molecular beam, 1026 Monotype, 923t Milkweed floss, 632t Molecular biology, 1026–1027 Montan wax, 1747 Miller indices, 1001 Molecular compound, 428 Monte Carlo simulation, 1029 Millerite, 1001 Molecular distillation, 1027–1028 Moore, Standford (1913–1982), 1041 Millet, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Molecular dynamics, 1029 Mordant, 1041 Milli, 1643t Molecular modeling, 1028–1029 Mordant dyes, 512t, 517 Mil (mil), 1644t Molecular orbitals, 1165–1166 applications, 519 Mimetite, 1001 Molecular recognition, 1030–1033 dyeing process, 522 Mineral dressing, 987 Molecular self-assembly, nanofabrication Mordenite Mineral fiber, insulation material, 856t, 857 application, 1047, 1047t composition, 1034t Mineral fibers, definitely established workplace Molecular sieves, 1033–1036 pore structure, 41t carcinogen, 297t pore structure, 41t preparation, 1035t Mineral nutrients, 1001–1005 Molecular streaming, 1553 Morphine alkaloids, 49t Mineralocorticoids, 35 Molecular templating, nanofabrication application, Morphine [CAS: 57–27–2], 49t, 91, 1041–1042 Mineralogy, 1005–1013 1047t Mosley, Henry (1887–1915), 1042 minerals described in this encyclopedia, 1012t Molecular weight, 1036 Mosley’s law, 1042, 1760 Mineral oil, use in food processing, 671t Molecular weight distribution, 1341 Mossbauer effect, 1042–1043 Minerals, 987 Molecule, 1036–1038, 1209 Mother of vinegar, 1675 described in this encyclopedia, 1012t Mole fraction (mol fraction), 1038 Motrin, 93t Mineral waxes, 1747–1748 Mole (mol), 1644t Mountain (soil type), 1497t Minnesotaite, 871t Mole volume, 1038 Moxalactam, year of discovery/market introduction, Minocin, year of discovery, 130t Molex process, 41t 106t Minocycline Molina, Mario (1943–), 1038 mRNA, 712, 713, 1125 year of discovery, 130t Mollisols, 1497t MSD A63A, formula and producing organism, 116t year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Molybdate minerals, 1012 M shell, 335, 335t Minority carriers, 1467 Molybdenite, 1038 electronic structure of the elements, 336–337t Mint, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Molybdenum Mucilages, 748t, 748–749 Minute (min), 1644t abundance, 330t, 1132t Mucopolysaccharides, constituent of human blood, Miokamycin, commercial products, 121t biologically active chelates, 323t 242t Mirror nuclides, 1013 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Mucopolysaccharidoses, genetic influence, 716 Miscibility, 1013 covalent radius, 344t Mucoproteins, constituent of human blood, 242t Mitchell, Peter D. (1920–1992), 1013 electronic structure, 336t Mucor, 1769 Mithracin, DNA interactive agent, 357t interatomic distance, 342t Mullikan, Robert S. (1896–1986), 1043 Mitomycin C USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking ionic crystal radius, 341t Mullis, Kary Banks (1944–), 1043 agent, 356t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Mumps vaccine, 1659 Mitotane USP, chemotherapeutic, 359t plant micronutrient, 613t Municipal wastes, materials in, 1714t Mitoxanthrone hydrochloride USP, DNA interactive plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., Muntz metal, 440t agent, 357t 616t Muon, 1043 Mitsunobu reaction, 1013 principal characteristics, 327t Muonium, 1043 Mixed ether, 587 properties of refractory, 1075t Mureidomycins, 124t Mixed ketones, 899 residence time in sea water, 1133t Muscovite Mixing and blending, 1013–1016 Molybdenum [CAS: 7439–98–7], abrasion pH, 1t MM 45289, producing organism, 118t 1038–1040 dielectric permittivity, 852t MM 47756, producing organism, 118t physical properties of high temperature, 774t mineralogical properties, 993t MM 47761, producing organism, 118t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Mustargen, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, MM 47766, producing organism, 118t Molybdenum (In Biological Systems), 1040 356t MM 47767, producing organism, 118t Monatomic gases, 334 Mutamycin, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, MM 49721, producing organism, 118t Monazite, 1041 356t MM 49728, producing organism, 118t Monel, 58 Mutations, 714–715 MM 55256, producing organism, 118t Monel 400, 1071t MVE/MAN copolymers, 1690 MM 55260, producing organism, 118t Monoammonium phosphate, 87–88 Mycobacillin, activity and producing organism, MM 55266, producing organism, 118t Monoazole, 1390 128t MM 55267, producing organism, 118t Monobactam antibiotics, 122–123 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gram-positive, MM 55268, producing organism, 118t Monobasic, 1041 168t Modacrylic fiber Monobasic acids, 13 Mycotoxins, 676 generic designation and definition, 622t Monocalcium phosphate (anhydrous), properties of Mycotrienins, biological activity, 108t physical properties of staple, 626t leavening acid, 925t Myleran, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Modena-style vinegar, 1675 Monocalcium phosphate (monohydrate), properties 356t Moderator, 1016, 1102 of leavening acid, 925t Mylosar, antimetabolite, 355t Mohs’ hardness scale, 2t, 755, 755t, 1016 Monoclinic crystal system, crystallographic Myofibrils, 23 Moiety, 1016 elements, 455t Myosin, and actin, 23 Moissan, Henri (1852–1907), 1016 Monocyclic alkane, 1169t Myristic acid Moisture barrier, 172 Monocytes, 242t, 243 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t Moisture-retaining agents, 792–793 Monoethanolamine, 587 in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t 1812 INDEX

Myristic acid [CAS: 544–63–8], 1043 Neisseria gonorrhea, ß-lactamase-producing covalent radius, 344t Myxoviruses, 1694 bacterium, 110t definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Neisseria gonorrheae, gram-negative, 168t electronic structure, 336t Neisseria intracellularis, gram-negative, 168t EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous N Nencki reaction, 1067 discharge, 985t Nacreous pigment, 1045 Nenitzescu indole synthesis, 1067 interatomic distance, 342t NADP/NTN (National Trends Network), 11 Neocarzinostatin, activity and producing organism, ionic crystal radius, 341t Nalbuphine, 93t 128t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Naloxone, 91, 93t, 100 Neodymium nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Naltrexone, 91, 93t, 100 abundance, 330t physical properties of high temperature, 774t Nano, 1643t electronic structure, 336t principal characteristics, 327t Nanobiology, 1045–1046 interatomic distance, 342t in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Nanochemical synthesis, nanofabrication application, ionic crystal radius, 341t in representative world crude oils, 1243t 1047t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t residence time in sea water, 1133t Nanotechnology (Molecular), 1045–1047 principal characteristics, 327t standard electrode potential, 31t Naphtha, 1255 properties, 1421t, 1422t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Naphthalene Neodymium [CAS: 7440–00–8], 1067 Nickel Alloys, 58 biodegradable, 207t Neodymium oxide, colorant for glass, 725t Nickel-cadmium cell, 186 as parent structure compound, 1090t Neomycin cell reactions, energy content, and Naphthalene [CAS: 91–20–3], 1047–1048 antibiotic resistance markers, 710 manufacturers, 180t year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Nickel-cadmium cells, 186, 186t Naphthalene derivatives, 1049–1052 Neon Nickel [CAS: 7440–02–0], 1070–1073 1-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, physical properties, abundance, 330t, 1132t Nickel electroplating, 557t 1568t electronic structure, 336t Nickel-hydrogen cell, cell reactions, energy content, 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, physical properties, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t and manufacturers, 180t 1568t percentage in air, 46t Nickel-hydrogen cells, 186t, 188 4-Naphthaquinoneoxime, physical properties, 1082t principal characteristics, 327t Nickel (In Biological Systems), 1073–1074 Naphthenic acids, 1052–1053 Neon [CAS: 7440–01–9], 1067–1068 Nickeline, 1074 Naphthomycins, biological activity, 108t Neopentane, combustion constants, 422t Nickel-iron cell, cell reactions, energy content, and 1,2-Naphthoquinone, physical properties, 1402t Neopentyl alcohol, physical properties, 89t manufacturers, 180t 1,4-Naphthoquinone, physical properties, 1402t Neopentyl glycol, polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t Nickel-iron cells, 186t, 187 ß-Naphthylamine, definitely established workplace Neo-Synephrine, 52 Nickel-metal hydride cell, cell reactions, energy carcinogen, 297t Neoviridogrisein II, activity and producing organism, content, and manufacturers, 180t Napropamide, environmental health advisories, 771t 128t Nickel oxalate, 1185 Naprosyn, 93t Neper (Np), 1644t Nickel oxide, colorant for glass, 725t Naproxen, 93t Nepheline, 1064 Nickel silvers, 440t Naptalam, environmental health advisories, 771t Nephelometer, 1295 Nickel superalloys, 775–776 Napthalene, combustion constants, 422t Nephelometry, 1064 Nickel-zinc cell, cell reactions and energy content Narcan, 93t Nephrite, 893 (in development), 180t Narceine, 49t Neptunium, 23t Nickel-zinc cells, 186t, 188 Narcotics, 49 binary compound properties, 25–26t Nicotine, 49t, 51 Narcotine, 49t electronic structure, 337t Nicotinic acid, 51 Narcotine alkaloids, 49t interatomic distance, 342t constituent of human blood, 242t Nascent, 1053 ionic crystal radius, 341t Niemann-Pick disease, genetic influence, 716 National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program oxidation states, 24t Ni-moly steel, quenched, hardness, 755t (NAPAP), 10 physical properties, 24t Niobic acid, 1074 National Air Monitoring Stations (NAMS), acid rain, principal characteristics, 327t Niobium 11 Neptunium [CAS: 7439–99–8], 1064–1065 abundance, 330t, 1132t National Atmospheric Deposition Network (NADP), Nernst, Hermann Walther (1864–1941), 1065 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t 11 Nernst effect, 1065 covalent radius, 344t National Environmental Policy Act, 1711t Nernst heat theorem, 1065 electronic structure, 336t Natrolite, 1053 Nernst Principle of super position, 1580 interatomic distance, 342t Natural gas, excess air for combustion, 426t Nernst-Thompson rule, 1065 ionic crystal radius, 341t Natta, Giulio (1903–1979), 1053–1054 Neroli oil, 647t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Natural attenuation, 205t Nesosilicate minerals, 1013 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Natural convection, 759 Netropsin, activity and producing organism, 128t physical properties of high temperature, 774t Natural dyes, 512t, 529–531, 529–531 Neuraminidase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t principal characteristics, 327t Natural gas, 1054–1066, 1243 Neuroregulators, 1065 properties of refractory, 1075t heating value, 686t Neurotransmitters, chiral, 1268–1269 Niobium [CAS: 7440–03–1], 1074–1076 Natural resins, 1437–1438 Neutralization, 12, 1066 Niobium dihydride, physical properties, 796t Natural rubber, 1449–1451 Neutrino, 1066–1067 Niobium hydride, physical properties, 796t physical properties of flexible foamed plastics, Neutron, 1067–1069, 1210 Niobium nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t 665t Neutron activation analysis, 1069 Niter, 1076 production methods for cellular, 664t Neutrons, gemstone irradiation, 708t Nithromethane, as propellant, 1447t Navelbine, tubulin interactive, 358t Neutrophils, 242t Nit (nt), 1644t Near-ultraviolet, 1639 Newton (N), 1644t Nitrate, water quality indicator, 1726 Nebengruppen, 746 Niacin, loss from food operations, 1698t Nitrate caliche, 274 Neel´ temperature, 1066 Niacin [CAS: 59–67–6], 1069–1070 Nitrate minerals, 1012 Nef reaction, 1067 Niccolite, crystal structure, 455 Nitrate reductase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Nef synthesis, 1067 Nickel Nitrates, 1082 Negatol, 1067 abundance, 330t, 1132t Nitration, 1076–1077, 1181 Negatron, 1067 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Nitric acid, 12 INDEX 1813

in acid rain, 9 4-Nitrosophenylaniline, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1098–1099 conductivity-concentration curve, 546 Nitrosotrimethylmethane, 1082 Nuclear potential, 1101 red fuming, as propellant, 1447t Nitrostilbene, organic superlattice, 1023 Nuclear power technology, 1101–1123 Nitric acid [CAS: 7697–37–2], 1077–1078 2-Nitrotoluene, physical properties, 1081t Nuclear selection rules, 1464 Nitriding, 763t, 1078 Nitrotrimethylmethane, 1082 Nuclear spin, 1124 Nitrile, 1169t Nitrourea, physical properties, 1081t Nuclear structure, 1124 Nitrile barrier polymers, gas permeability, 172t Nitrous oxide, 100t Nuclear transmutation, 1124–1125 Nitrile barrier resins, water-vapor transmission rate, as greenhouse gas, 743–744 Nucleic acids, 12, 1127 173t measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Nucleocapsid, 1693 Nitriles, 74, 1078–1081 percentage in air, 46t Nucleonics, 1127 Nitrites, 1082 N-Nitrosomethylaniline, physical properties, 1082t Nucleons, 1127 Nitroalkenes, monomer reactivity and suitable Nobel, Alfred B. (1833–1896), 1087 Nucleophile, 1127 initiator for, 838t Nobelium, 23t Nucleophiles, activation, 29 1,3-Nitroaniline, physical properties, 1081t binary compound properties, 25–26t Nucleophilic reaction, 1127 1-Nitroanthraquinone, physical properties, 1081t electronic structure, 337t Nucleoproteins, 1127 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde, physical properties, 1081t interatomic distance, 342t Nucleoside, 1127 Nitrobenzene, 1082 ionic crystal radius, 341t Nucleoside antibiotics, 123–124 physical properties, 1081t oxidation states, 24t Nucleosynthesis, 329 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, physical properties, 1081t principal characteristics, 327t Nucleotide antibiotics, 123–124 4-Nitrobenzyl alcohol, physical properties, 1081t Nobelium [CAS: 10028–14–5], 1087 Nucleotide phosphorus, constituent of human blood, Nitrobromoform, physical properties, 1081t Nobel Prizes, 1087–1088 242t Nitrocellulose-based lacquers, alkyd resins with, 54 Noble gases, 706 Nucleotides, constituent of human blood, 242t Nitrochloroform, physical properties, 1081t Nolvadex, hormonal therapy, 358t Nucleotidyltransferases, 571t Nitrochlorotoluene, physical properties, 366t Nomenclature, 1088–1091 Nucleus, 1127 Nitro compound, 1169t Nomex, 622t Nuclides, 330–332, 331t Nitro compounds, 1081–1082 Nonadecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Nutmeg oil, 647t Nitrodimethylmethane, 1082 1-Nonadecene, physical properties, 1150t Nylon Nitroethane, 1082 trans-2-cis-6-Nonadienal, as key odor/tase dielectric permittivity, 852t Nitroethyl alcohol, physical properties, 1081t compound, 649 dyeing, 523 Nitrofurane, physical properties, 1081t Nonagglomerating coals, 390t fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Nitrogen Nonanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t physical properties of structural foams, 665t abundance, 330t, 1132t Nondestructive testing, 1092–1094 Nylon-6, 623t, 1127 amount in pure irons, 877t 1-Nonene, physical properties, 1150t gas permeability, 172t combustion constants, 422t Nonessential amino acids, 75, 76t water-vapor transmission rate, 173t constituent of human blood, 242t Nonheterocyclic nitrogen compounds, 1175 Nylon-6, 6, 34, 622–623t, 1127 covalent radius, 344t Nonheterocyclic sulfur compounds, 1175–1176 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t electronic structure, 336t Nonionic surfactants, 1585–1586 Nylon-6, 10, 1127 gas separation, 39t Nonpolar compound, 428–429 Nylon-11, 1127 ionic crystal radius, 341t Nonpolar solvent, 1524 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t mass peaks and relative intensities, 973t Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 92 Nylon-12, 1127 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t chiral, 1268 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t percentage in air, 46t, 424t Nonstoichiometric compound, 428 Nylon blends, dyeing, 525 permeability in barrier polymers, 172t Nootkatone, as key odor/tase compound, 649 Nylon [CAS: 63428–83–1], 1127–1128 plant micronutrient, 613t Noradrenaline, 35–36 Nylon fiber principal characteristics, 327t where produced, structure, and principal generic designation and definition, 622–623t removal from raw water, 1724 functions, 788t physical properties, 1139t in Texas natural gas, 1054t Norepinephrine, 35–36 worldwide capacity, 628t van der Waals characteristic equation where produced, structure, and principal Nylon-6,6 fiber, physical properties of staple, 626t coefficients, 321t functions, 787t Nylon-MXD6, gas permeability, 172t Nitrogen [CAS: 7727–37–9], 1082–1086 Norite, 701 Nylon resin, 1128 Nitrogen fixation, 1085–1086 Normal concentration, 1094 Nylon resins, 1332–1334 Nitrogen group, 1086–1087 Norrish, Ronald G. W. (1897–1978), 1094 Nystatin, year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Nitrogen oxides (NOx ) Northrup, John H. (1891–1987), 1095 in acid rain, 9–12 Noscapine, 91 air pollution, 1327–1328 Novantrone, DNA interactive agent, 357t O gas separation, 39t Novobiocin, year of discovery/market introduction, OA-7653A, producing organism, 118t Nitrogen tetroxide, as propellant, 1447t 106t OA-7653B, producing organism, 118t Nitroglycerine, 732 Novolacs, 1274–1275 Oats, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Nitro group, analysis, 97 Noxious gas, 1095 Obligatory anaerobes, 90 Nitroguanidine, physical properties, 1081t N shell, 335, 335t Obsidian hydration rate, dating method, 1415 2-Nitronaphthalene, physical properties, 1081t electronic structure of the elements, 336–337t Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1711t 3-Nitrophenol, physical properties, 1081t Nubain, 93t Occupational Safety and Health Administration 2-Nitropropane, 1082 Nucleaic acids, 1125–1126 (OSHA), 1129 physical properties, 1081t Nuclear chemistry, 1095 Ocean Dumping Act, 1730–1731 Nitrosamine, 1082 Nuclear fission, 1095–1096, 1101–1102 Ocean pollution, 1730–1734 Nitrosobenzene, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear force, 1210–1211 Ocean resources (Mineral), 1129–1131 Nitroso compound, 1169t Nuclear forces, 1096–1097 Ocean thermal energy conversion, 1131–1132 Nitroso compounds, 1081–1082 Nuclear fuels, 1101–1102 Ocean water, 1132–1134 2-Nitrosonaphthol-1, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear fusion, 700, 1097–1098 Ocher, 1134 4-Nitrosonaphthol-1, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear fusion technology, 694–699 Octadecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t 1-Nitrosonaphthylamine-2, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear isomer, 888 1-Octadecene, physical properties, 1150t 4-Nitrosophenol, physical properties, 1082t Nuclear magnetic moment, 1098 n-Octane, heating value, 686t 1814 INDEX

Octanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Optical antipodes, 79 principal characteristics, 327t Octane number, 1134 Optical brightener, 1152 properties, 1317t 2-Octanone, physical properties, 900t Optical crystal, 1152 Osmium [CAS: 7440–04–2], 1182–1183 3-Octanone Optical emission spectrochemical analysis, Osmophilic organism, 1768 permeation in selected barrier polymers, 174t 1152–1153 Osmosis, 1183–1184 physical properties, 900t Optical fibers, 1155 Osmotic coefficient, 1184 1-Octene, physical properties, 1150t Optical fiber systems, 1153–1163 Osmotic pressure, 1184 1-Octene-3-ol, as key odor/tase compound, 649 Optical glass, 1163 Osteogenesis imperfecta, genetic influence, 716 Octreotide acetate USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Optical isomer, 1164 Osteomalacia, 1704 p-tert-Octylphenyl salicylate, 1641 Optical microscope, in x-ray fluorescence analysis, Ostwald, Wilhelm (1853–1923), 1184 Odor, 1135 1164 Otitis media vaccine, 1660 Odorant, 1135 Optical rotation, 1164 Ouricury wax, 1747 Odor masking, 1135 Orange flower oil, 647t Outgassing, 1184 Odor modification, 1135–1136 Orange oil, 647t Ovoflavin, 1699 Oersted (Oe), 1644t Orbital quantum number, 1396 Oxalacetic acid, 282t Offshore drilling, 1247–1248 Orbitals, 1164–1166 Oxalic acid [CAS: 144–62–7], 1184–1186 Ohm (ω), 1644t Order-disorder theory, 1166–1168 Oxalosis, genetic influence, 716 Oil black, 1136 Ore, 987 Oxamide, 1185 Oil blue, 1136 Ores, 1168 Oxidation, 1178, 1186 Oil cake, 1136 origin of, 1167 catalyst application, 304t, 305 Oil-eating bacteria, 1733 Organelle, 1168 yeast participation, 1769t Oil gas, 1136 Organic acids, 12 Oxidation bases, 512t Oiliness, 1136 Organic chemical analysis, 96 Oxidation number, 1186 Oil of vitriol, 1572 Organic chemistry, 1168–1181 Oxidation potential, 1186 Oils Organic compound, 429 Oxidation-reduction indicator, 1186 industrial chemicals derived from renewable, Organic nomenclature, 1089–1090, 1168–1170 Oxidative cleavage, 1178 230t Organic pigments, 1308–1313 Oxidative coupling, 1186 use in food processing, 671t Organic polymers, 1348–1350 Oxidative-coupling polymerization, 1342–1343 in vegetable oils, 1671t, 1671–1674 Organic reactions, 1176–1181 Oxidative phosphorylation, 1283 Oils, essential, 1136–1137 Organic solid state, 1016–1017 Oxide, 1186 Oil shale, 1137–1138, 1243 Organic superlattice, 1023 Oxide minerals, 1011 Oil slicks, 1732 Organoborane, 1182 Oxides, 1189 Oil tanker spills, 1733–1734 Organochlorine pesticides, definitely established Oxidizing agents, 1186 Oil wells, 1245–1253 workplace carcinogen, 297t Oxidizing material, 1186 Olah, George A. (1927–), 1138 Organoclay, 1182 Oxidoreductases, 571t Oleate, 1138 Organoleptic, 1182 Oximes, 1186 Olefin fiber, generic designation and definition, 623t Organometallic compound, 429 Oxime test (Rheinboldt), 1186 Olefin fibers, 1138–1139 Organometallic compounds, 1182 Oximinotransferases, 571t physical properties, 1139t Organophosphorus compound, 1182 Oxiranes, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Olefin polymers, 1139–1151 Organopyrosilicate, 1182 for, 838t Oleic acid Organosilicon, 1182 Oxisols, 1497t fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t Organosol, 1182, 1357 18-Oxocorticosterone, where produced, structure, in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t Organotin compounds, 1182 and principal functions, 786t as release agent, 1435t Orienticin (PA 42867-A, B, C, D), producing Oxonium compounds, 1187 Oleic acid [CAS: 112–80–1], 1151–1152 organism, 118t OXO process, 47, 48 Oleoresin, 1152 Origanum oil, 647t Oxo process, 1187–1188 Oleoresins, 1438 Ornithine, 80 Oxy, 1188 Oleum, 1152 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase, 1652 Oxyacid, 1188 reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Ornithine cycle, 1651–1652 Oxyazo compounds, 1188 Olex process, 41t Orpiment, 1182 Oxychlorination, catalyst application, 304t, 305 Oleyl palmitamide, as release agent, 1435t Orris oil, 647t Oxygen Olfaction, 1135 Orthoacetoxybenzoic acid, 8 absorption bands, 3 Oligoclase, 607 Orthoclase, hardness, 755t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Oligonucleotides, synthesis, 1126 Ortho-hydrogen, 798 activation, 29 Oligosaccharide antibiotics, 124–125 Orthomyxovirus, 1694 amount in pure irons, 877t Olive oil, 1671 Orthophosphoric acid, 1279 combustion constants, 422t Olivine, 1152 Orthorhombic crystal system, crystallographic constituent of human blood, 242t abrasion pH, 1t elements, 455t covalent radius, 344t Omega minus particle, 1396 Ortho-state, 1182 density, 474t Oncovin, tubulin interactive, 358t Orudis, 93t diffusion and solubility coefficients in barrier Onion oil, 647t Oryzalin, environmental health advisories, polymers, 173t Onsager, Lars (1903–1976), 1152 771t electronic structure, 336t Onyx, 44 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health gas separation, 39t Opacimeter, 1295 Administration), 1129 ionic crystal radius, 341t Opacity, 1152 O shell, electronic structure of the elements, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Opal, 708, 1152 336–337t percentage in air, 46t, 424t hardness, 1008t Osmium permeability in barrier polymers, 172t Opioid agonists, 91 abundance, 330t principal characteristics, 327t Opioid antagonists, 91–92 electronic structure, 337t reagent for sulfonation, with sulfur dioxide, Opioid partial agonists, 91–92 interatomic distance, 342t 1566t Opioid reversal agents, 100 ionic crystal radius, 341t removal from raw water, 1724 Opium, 91 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t standard electrode potential, 31t INDEX 1815

in Texas natural gas, 1054t Paper Peat, 1220 van der Waals characteristic equation in municipal waste, 1714t Peat wax, 1747 coefficients, 321t waste recycling, 1715–1716 Pebble mill, 1220 Oxygen balance, 1191 Papermaking and finishing, 1205–1208 Pebble mills, 170–171 Oxygen [CAS: 7782–44–7], 1188–1191 Papeverine, 49t Pechmanm pyrazole synthesis, 1220 Oxygen cell, 1191 Papovaviruses, 1695 Pectinases, 306 Oxygen consumed (OC; COD; DOC), 1191–1192 Paraffin, 44, 1208 Pectins, 1220–1221 Oxygen debt, 1192 Paraffins, gas separation, 39t Pedersen, Charles John (1904–1989), 1221 Oxygen-evolving anodes, 982 Paraffin wax, 1748 Pedigree analysis, 710–711 Oxygen-free copper, 438t as release agent, 1435t Pegmatite, 1221 Oxygen group, 1192 use in food processing, 671t Pelargonin, 734t Oxygen sink, 1192 Para-hydrogen, 798 Pellet, 1221 Oxyl process, 1192 Parainfluenza vaccine, 1660 Pellet mills, 45 Oxymorphone, 92t Paraldehyde, 5 Pellizzari reaction, 1221 Oxytetracycline Paralenes, 1764–1765 Pellotine, 49t year of discovery, 130t Parallel-leaf cartridge ultrafilter, 1636 Pelouze synthesis, 1221 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t Paramagnetism, 1208 Pencillins, 125–127 Oxytocic hormone, where produced, structure, and Paramethasone, commercial microbial Pendimethalin, environmental health advisories, 771t principal functions, 788t transformations used to produce, 1550t Penetrant, 1221 Oxytocin, 1192 Para methyl red, pH range and color change of Penetrant nondestructive testing, 1093 where produced, structure, and principal indicator, 825t Penicillin, year of discovery/market introduction, functions, 788t Paramyxoviruses, 1694, 1695 106t Ozocerite, 1192, 1748 Paraplatin, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t Penning discharge, 1221 Ozone Paraquat, environmental health advisories, 771t Penning effect, 1221 absorption bands, 3 Parasites, 1767 Pentaborane, 254 percentage in air, 46t Para-state, 1208 Pentaboranze, 254 Ozone [CAS: 10028–15–6], 1188–1189, Parathormone, where produced, structure, and Pentabromobenzyl bromide, flame retardant, 640t 1192–1194 principal functions, 788t Pentachloroethane, physical properties, 366t Ozonolysis, 1194 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), where produced, Pentachlorophenol, wood preservative, 1752 Ozonosphere, 156 structure, and principal functions, 788t Pentadecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Parathyroid hormones, 785 1-Pentadecene, physical properties, 1150t Parex process, 41t Pentaerythritol, polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t P Paris Green, 441 Pentaerythritol adduct, commercial polyether polyol, Pacidamycins, 124t Parkes process, 1208 1654t Pack carburizing, 763t Parr turbidimeter, 1195, 1633 Pentaethylenehexamine, physical properties, 483t Packed absorption tower, 4 Partial condensers, 760 n-Pentane Paclitaxol, tubulin interactive, 358t Partial pressure, 1208 combustion constants, 422t Pain, 91 Particle, 1208 heating value, 686t Paint and finish removers, 1195–1196 Particle accelerator, 5, 1208, 1213–1214 in Texas natural gas, 1054t Paints and coatings, 1196–1203 Particle generator, 1214–1215 Pentanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Palladium Particles (Subatomic), 1209–1217 2,3-Pentanedione, physical properties, 900t abundance, 330t Particle size, 1208 2,4-Pentanedione, physical properties, 900t covalent radius, 344t Particulate air pollution, 1325–1326 Pentanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t electronic structure, 336t Particulate matter, 1219 1-Pentanol, physical properties, 89t interatomic distance, 342t Partile-pressure analyzers, 1665 2-Pentanol, physical properties, 89t ionic crystal radius, 341t Parvodicin, producing organism, 118t 3-Pentanol, physical properties, 89t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Parylene C, physical properties, 1764t 2-Pentanone, physical properties, 900t principal characteristics, 327t Parylene D, physical properties, 1764t 3-Pentanone, physical properties, 900t properties, 1317t Parylene N, physical properties, 1764t Pentazocine, 93t Palladium [CAS: 7440–05–3], 1203–1204 Pascal (Pa), 1644t n-Pentene, combustion constants, 422t Palmarose oil, 647t Paschen-Back effect, 1219, 1773 1-Pentene, physical properties, 1150t Palmitic acid Passivity, 1219 Pentlandite, 1221 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t Pasteurella pestis, gram-negative, 168t cobalt source, 410t in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t Pasteurization, 1219 Pentosan, 1221 as release agent, 1435t Pasteurm Louis (1822–1895), 1219 Pentose phosphate cycle, 281, 283 Palmitic acid [CAS: 57–10–3], 1204 Patchouli oil, 647t Pentose phosphate epimerase, 283 Palmitoleic acid, in major vegetable oils, Patentability, 1219 Pentose phosphate isomerase, 283 1672–1673t Paterno-Buchi reaction, 1219 Pentoses, 279t Palmitoleic acid [CAS: 373–49–9], 1204 Pathfinder element, 1219 Pentosuria, genetic influence, 716 Palmitolenic acid, fatty acid in vegetable oil, Pathway, 1219 Pentosyltransferases, 571t 1671t Patina, 1219 Pentothenic acid, 1204–1205 Palm oil, 1671 Patterson function, 456 Pentyl, 89 Palmyra palm, 632t Pattinson process, 1219 Pentyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Pal oil, characteristics and properties, Pauli, Wolfgang Ernst (1900–1958), 1219 Peppermint oil, 647t 1672–1673t Pauli exclusion principle, 1219 Peptide antibiotics, 127 Palton III, 623t Pauling, Linus Carl (1901–1994), 1219 Peptide hydrolases, 571t Pandemics, 1694–1695 Peanut oil, 1671 Peptide synthetases, 571t Paneth technique, 1204 characteristics and properties, 1672–1673t Peptide vaccines, 1661 Pantothenic acid, constituent of human blood, 242t Peanuts, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Peptidomimetics, chiral, 1269 Papain, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Pearl, irradiation, 709t Peptidyl-amino acid hydrolases, 571t Papaverine, 91 Pearlstone, 1226 Peptidyl-peptide hydrolases, 571t Papaverine alkaloids, 49t Pearson’s solution, 1219 Peptization, 1221 1816 INDEX

Peptone, 1221 Petroleum wells, 1245–1253 Phenytoin, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Perchlorates, 1221–1223 Pettigrain oil, 647t pH (Hydrogen Ion Concentration), 1261–1262 Perchloric acid, 1221–1223 Pewter, antimony content, 139t Phillipsite, 1275 Perfect gas, 1223 pH (Abrasion), 1–2, 1261 composition, 1034t Perfluorocarbons (PFCs), as greenhouse gas, 744 Pharmaceuticals, 1262–1265 Phlogopite, 1275–1276 Perfluoro-di-tert-butyl peroxide, physical properties, chiral, 1265–1269 mineralogical properties, 993t 1232t pyridine derivatives, 1386–1388 Phloridzin, 734t Perfluoro dimethyl peroxide, physical properties, Pharmacodynamics, 1269–1273 Phonons, 1276 1232t Pharmacokinetics, 1263 Phon (phon), 1644t Perfluorolauric acid, as release agent, 1435t Phase diagram (Metallurgy), 1273 Phormium, 632t Perfume, 1223 Phase rule, 1273 Phorone, 7 Periclase, hardness, 755t Phenacite, 1273 Phosgenite, 1276 Peridotite, 1223 Phenanthrene, biodegradable, 207t Phosphate, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Perilla oil, fatty acid composition, 507t Phenazocine, 92t, 93t, 1041 Phosphate minerals, 1012 Periodic law, 1224 Phenelfamycin A, formula and producing organism, Phosphate plasticizers, 1316 Periodic table, 1224–1225 116t Phosphate rock, 1276 Peritectic temperature, 1226 Phenelfamycin B, formula and producing organism, Phosphates, in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Perkin, Sir William Henry (1838–1907), 1226 116t Phosphazene, 1276 Perlite, 1226 Phenelfamycin C, formula and producing organism, Phosphine, 1279 insulation material, 856t, 857 116t 6-Phosphogluconic acid, 283 Permafil, 1226 Phenelfamycin D, formula and producing organism, 6-Phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase, 283 Permanent-press resin, 1226 116t 3-Phosphoglycerate kinase, metal chelate enzyme, Permanent set, 1472 Phenelfamycin E, formula and producing organism, 323t Permeation, 1226 116t Phospholipids, 1276 Permenorm, 1226 Phenelfamycin F, formula and producing organism, Phosphonitrile, 1276 Permutation, 1226 116t Phosphor bronze, 440t Permutation group, 1226 ß-Phenethyl alcohol, 193 Phosphorescence, 1277 Perovskite, 1226 Phenobarbitone, target of medical diagnostic test, Phosphoric acid, acidulant, 14 crystal structure, 455 975t Phosphoric acid [CAS: 7664–38–2], 1276–1277 Peroxidase Phenoclast, 1273 Phosphoric diester hydrolases, 571t metal chelate enzyme, 323t Phenocryst, 1273 Phosphoric monoester hydrolases, 571t properties as diagnostic enzyme, 976t Phenol, 1273–1274 Phosphorus, abundance, 1132t Peroxide, 1174 as parent structure compound, 1090t Phosphorous acid, 1279 Peroxides and peroxide compounds (Inorganic), Phenolase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Phosphors, 1277 1226–1229 Phenolate process, 1274 Phosphorus Peroxides and peroxide compounds (Organic), Phenol coefficient, 1274 abundance, 5t, 330t 1229–1240 Phenol-furfural resin, 1274 amount in pure irons, 877t Peroxyacetic acid, 1236t Phenolic adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Peroxybenzoic acid, 1236t Phenolic resin, production methods for cellular, 664t covalent radius, 344t Peroxybutyric acid, 1236t Phenolic resin adduct, commercial polyether polyol, electronic structure, 336t Peroxycinnamic acid, 1236t 1654t essential mineral nutrient, 1002, 1002t Peroxydecanoic acid, 1236t Phenolic resins, 1274–1275 interatomic distance, 342t Peroxydodecanoic acid, 1236t Phenolics, 1275 ionic crystal radius, 341t Peroxyformic acid, 1236t dielectric permittivity, 852t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Peroxy group, analysis, 97 Phenolphthalein, pH range and color change of plant micronutrient, 613t Peroxyhexadecanoic acid, 1236t indicator, 825t principal characteristics, 327t Peroxyhexanoic acid, 1236t Phenol Red, pH range and color change of indicator, Phosphorus [CAS: 7723–14–0], 1277–1281 Peroxynonanoic acid, 1236t 825t Phosphorus (In Biological Systems), 1281–1283 Peroxyoctadecanoic acid, 1236t Phenolsulfonphthalein, pH range and color change of Phosphorylation (Oxidative), 1283 Peroxyoctanoic acid, 1236t indicator, 825t Phosphorylation (Photosynthetic), 1283–1284 Peroxypropionic acid, 1236t Phenylacetone, physical properties, 900t Phosphotransferases, 571t Peroxytetradecanoic acid, 1236t Phenylalanine Photochemistry, 1284–1286 Peroxyxanthates, 1755 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Photoelectric constant, 1287 Perrhenic acid, 1240 manufacture, 76t Photoelectric effect, 1287–1288 Perrin rule, 1240 in selected foods, 75t gamma rays from, 704 Perthite, 1240 structural classification, 79t Photoelectron spectroscopy, 553 Perturbation, 1240 Phenylalanine hydroxylase, metal chelate enzyme, Photoemission, 1288 Perutz, Max F. (1914–2002), 1240 323t Photographic chemistry, 1288 Pesticides, 848–851 Phenylamine, 75, 101 Photographic emulsions, 1290–1291 pyridine derivatives, 1386 1-Phenyl-2-aminopropane, 88 Photographic grade, 1288 Petalite, 1240 Phenylephrine hydrochloride, 52 Photography and imagery, 1288–1294 Petrochemicals, 1240–1242 Phenylephrine tyramine, 49t Photoionization, 1294 Petrolatum, 1242, 1748 2-Phenylethanol, 193 Photoisomerization, 1178 Petroleum, 1242–1254 Phenyl ethyl ketone, physical properties, 900t Photolithography, nanofabrication application, 1047t pollution in oceans, 1731–1732 Phenylhydrazine, 794–795 Photoluminescence, 946t Petroleum ceresins, 1748 Phenylhydrazones, 795 Photolysis, 1284–1286 Petroleum exploration, 1245–1247 Phenyl isocyanate, 464 Photometers, 1294–1295 Petroleum exploratory drilling, 1247–1248 Phenylketonuria, genetic influence, 716 Photometric analysis, 1295 Petroleum refining, 1255–1260 1-Phenyl-2-methylaminopropanol, 51 Photomultipliers, 1288 Petroleum reserves, 1254 o-Phenylphenol, dye carrier, 512t Photon, 1295–1296 Petroleum terminology, 1257–1259 p-Phenylphenol, dye carrier, 512t Photoneutron, 1296 Petroleum waxes, 1748 1-Phenyl-2-propanone, physical properties, 900t Photonics, 1295–1296 INDEX 1817

Photons, 1393 Pitzer equation, 1313 Polar valence, 345 Photonuclear reaction, 1296 pK, 1313 Pole figure, 1323 Photopolymer, 1296 Plant growth hormones, 722–723 Poliomyelitis vaccine, 1659 Photosensitive glass, 1296 Plant growth modification and regulation, Polish, 1323–1324 Photosynthesis, 1296–1297 1313–1314 Polishing agents, 745–746 Photosynthetic phosphorylation, 1283–1284 Plant hormones, 791–792 Pollucite, 1324 Photovoltaic cells, 687t, 1298–1300, 1513 Plant pathogens, 772–773 Pollution, 1709–1716 Phot (ph), 1644t Plasma, 695, 1314 Pollution (Air), 1324–1330 pH-sensitive materials, 1485 Plasma (Particle), 1314–1315 Pollution abstracts, 769t Phthalate plasticizers, 1315–1316 Plasma frequency, 1314 Polonium Phthalic acid [CAS: 88–99–3], 1300 Plasmid, 1315 abundance, 330t Phthalic anhydride [CAS: 85–44–9], 1300–1301 Plasmids, 715 electronic structure, 337t Phthalide isoquinoline alkaloids, 49t Plaster, 749 interatomic distance, 342t Phthalocyanine, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Plastic deformation, 1315 ionic crystal radius, 341t Phthalocyanine compounds, 1301–1302 Plastic film, 1315 principal characteristics, 327t Phthalocyanines, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Plastic flow, 1315–1316 Polonium [CAS: 7440–02–06], 1331 Phycocolloid, 1302 Plastic foams, insulation material, 856t Polonovski reaction, 1331 Phyllosilicate minerals, 1013 Plasticity, 1315 Polyacetylene, 1331–1332 Physical adsorption, 36 Plasticizers, 1315–1316 Polyacrylamide, physical properties, 15t Physical chemistry, 1302 Plastic pipe, 1316 Polyacrylamides, 15–16 Physical property variables, 1670 Plastics, 1316 Poly(acrylic acid), water-soluble polymer, 1738 Physostigmine, 49t in municipal waste, 1714t Polyallomer resins, 1332 Phytochemistry, 1302 Plastids, 1317 Polyamide, microcapsule material, 997t Phytoextraction, 205t Plastisol, 1317, 1357 Polyamide-imide resins, 1334 Phytofiltration, 205t Plate and Frame ultrafiltration, 1636 Polyamide resins, 1332–1334 Phytoremediation, 205t Plate glass, 727 Polyamides Phytostabilization, 205t Platforming, 1317 dyeing, 523 pi (π) bond, 1302 Platinol, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t ultrafiltration media application, 1635 Pickling, 1302 Platinum Polyarylates, 1334 Picloram, environmental health advisories, 771t abundance, 330t Polybasic acids, 13 Pico, 1643t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Polybasite, 1334 Picornaviruses, 1694 density, 474t Polybenzimidazole fiber Picric acid, physical properties, 1081t electronic structure, 337t generic designation and definition, 623t Pidgeon process, 1302–1303 interatomic distance, 342t physical properties, 1139t Piezochemistry, 1303 ionic crystal radius, 341t Polybenzimidazoles, 1334 Piezoelectric effect, 1303 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Polybutene, 1150 Piezoelectricity, 1303 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Poly(n-butyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Piezoelectric materials, 1484 principal characteristics, 327t Poly(sec-butyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Pig iron, 1303 properties, 1317t Poly(tert-butyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Pigmentation (Plants), 1304–1305 ultraviolet reflectance, 1640 Polybutylene resins, 1335 Pigment dispersions, 1303–1304 Platinum [CAS: 7440–06–4], 1317–1319 Polybutylene terephthalate polyesters, 1335 Pigments, 512t Platinum group, 1317 Polycarbonate Pigments (Inorganic), 1305–1308 Platinum-iridium anodes, 982 dielectric permittivity, 852t Pigments (Organic), 1308–1313 Platinum-platinum thermocouples, temperature outdoor stability, 990t Pilocarpine, 49t range, 1605t physical properties of structural foams, 665t Pilot plant, 1313 Plicamycin USP, DNA interactive agent, 357t water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Pimelic ketone, physical properties, 900t Plutonium, 23t Polycarbonates, 1335–1336 Pinacolone, physical properties, 900t binary compound properties, 25–26t Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), definitely Pinacol rearrangement, 1424 electronic structure, 337t established workplace carcinogen, 297t Pinane, physical properties, 1231t interatomic distance, 342t Polycondensation polymerization, 1341 Pineapple, 632t ionic crystal radius, 341t Polycyclic alkane, 1169t Pineneedle oil, 647t oxidation states, 24t Poly(cyclohexyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Pine oil, 647t physical properties, 24t Polycyclo-hexylene-dimethylene terephthalate, Pinner reaction, 1313 principal characteristics, 327t 1336–1337 Pint (pt), 1644t Plutonium [CAS: 7440–07–5], 1319–1320 Polycystic ovary syndrome, 99 Pion, 1210 Pneumatic conveyor dryers, 509t Polydextrose, use in food processing, 671t Pipe insulation, insulation material, 857 Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccin, 1659 Poly(dibromostyrene), flame retardant, 640t Piperacillin, year of discovery/market introduction, Pneumoencephalogram (air scan), 1762 Polydimethylsiloxane, 1337 106t Pneumokonioses, 1320–1321 as release agent, 1435t Piperazine, physical properties, 483t Point mutation, 714–715 Poly(dodecyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Pipette, 1313 Poise (P), 1644t Polyelectrolytes, 1337 Pirani gage, 1663–1664 Poison, 1321 Polyene, 1337 Piria reaction, 1313 Polanyi, John C. (1929–), 1321 Polyester, physical properties of structural foams, Piroxicam, 93t Polar, 1321 665t Pissava, 632t Polar compound, 429 Polyester-acrylic fiber blends, dyeing, 525 Pitch, 1255, 1313 Polarimeter, 1295, 1321, 1321–1322 Polyester fiber Pitchblende, 1313 Polarimetry, 1321–1322 dyeing, 523–524 Pitocin, where produced, structure, and principal Polarized ionic bond, 345 fiber-dye property requirements, 521t functions, 788t Polarized light, 1322–1323 generic designation and definition, 623t Pitressin, where produced, structure, and principal Polar molecule, 1323 physical properties, 1139t functions, 789t Polarographic analyzers, 1323 physical properties of staple, 626t Pituitary hormones, 790 Polar solvent, 1524 worldwide capacity, 628t 1818 INDEX

Polyester fibers, 1337–1338 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 298 physical properties, 1677t Polyester film, 1338 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Poly(vinyl alcohol), 1678–1679 Polyester-nylon fiber blends, dyeing, 525 Polynucleotide phosphorylase, metal chelate enzyme, physical properties, 1679t Polyester polyols, 1654 323t as release agent, 1435t Polyester resins, 1338 Polyol, 1353 water-soluble polymer, 1737 Polyether, physical properties of rigid foamed Polyolefin, 1353 Polyvinyl alkyl ethers, 1356 plastics, 664t Polyolefin fiber, physical properties of staple, 626t Poly(vinyl butyral), 1675, 1676 Polyether antibiotics, 127–129 Polyorganosilicate graft polymer, 1353 Poly(vinyl chloride), 1682, 1685–1688 Polyether-etherketone, 1338 Polyoxalkylene, as release agent, 1435t dielectric permittivity, 852t Polyetherimide, 1338 Polyoxyethylene, 1737 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Polyether polyols, 1654 Poly(pentabromo-benzylacrylate), flame retardant, and carbon dioxide, 173t Poly(2-ethoxyethyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t 640t gas permeability, 172t Poly(ethyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polypeptide, 1353 insulation material, 856t Poly(2-ethylbutyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polypeptide hormonal dysfunctions, genetic physical properties, 1686t Polyethylene, 1139–1140, 1338–1339 influence, 716 physical properties of rigid foamed plastics, 664t dielectric permittivity, 852t Polyphenol oxidase, source and function, 986t production methods for cellular, 664t physical properties of flexible foamed plastics, Poly(propyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t water-vapor transmission rate, 173t 665t Polypropylene, 1146–1147 Poly(vinyl chloride) [CAS: 9002–86–2], 1356–1357 production methods for cellular, 664t dielectric permittivity, 852t Poly(vinyl fluoride), dielectric permittivity, 852t Poly(ethylene glycol), commercial polyether polyol, diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Poly(vinyl formal), 1675, 1676 1654t and carbon dioxide, 173t Poly(vinylidene chloride), 1691–1693 Polyethylene terephthalate fiber-dye property requirements, 521t physical properties, 1692t dielectric permittivity, 852t gas permeability, 172t Poly(vinylidene chloride) [CAS: 9002–86–2], in municipal waste, 1714t in municipal waste, 1714t 1357–1358 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) permeation of flavor/aroma compounds, 174t Poly(vinylidene fluoride), 1358 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen physical properties of flexible foamed plastics, ultrafiltration media application, 1635 and carbon dioxide, 173t 665t Polyvinylpyrrolidinone, 1680 gas permeability, 172t physical properties of structural foams, 665t Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone), 1680, 1681–1682 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t as release agent, 1435t Poly(vinylpyrrolidinone-co-vinyl acetate), 1682 Polyethylene wax, as release agent, 1435t water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), water-soluble polymer, 1738 Poly(2-ethylhexyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polypropylene [CAS: 9003–07–0], 1354 Polywater, 1722 Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline), water-soluble polymer, Polypropylene fiber, worldwide capacity, 628t Poly(p-xylylene) (PPX), 1763–1765 1738 Poly(propylene glycol), commercial polyether Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction, 1358 Poly(fluoroethers), as release agent, 1435t polyol, 1654t Pompe’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Polyhalite, 1338–1339 Polysaccharides, 279t Population genetics, 711–712 Poly(heptyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t constituent of human blood, 242t Population inversion, 1158 Poly(2-heptyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polystyrene, 1556–1557 Porcelain, 1358 Poly(hexadecyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t dielectric permittivity, 852t Porcelain, Zircon, 1358 Poly(hexyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t gas permeability, 172t Porcelain enamel, 1358 Polyimide adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t insulation material, 856t Porcelain enamels, 560–561 Polyimides, 1339–1341 in municipal waste, 1714t Pore, 1358 Poly(isobornyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t physical properties of rigid foamed plastics, 664t Poromeric, 1358 Poly(isobutyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t production methods for cellular, 664t Porphyrias, genetic influence, 716 cis-Polyisoprene, 1449 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t Porphyrin, 1358–1359 Poly(isopropyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polystyrene [CAS: 9003–53–6], 1354–1355 Porphyrins, synthesis from products of carbohydrate Polymeric isocyanates, 1654 Polysulfide sealants, 1463 metabolism, 282t Polymerization, 1341–1342 Polysulfone, 1355, 1567–1568 Porphyry, 1359 catalyst application, 304t Polysulfones, ultrafiltration media application, 1635 Porter, George (1920–2002), 1359 Polymerization (Emulsion), 1342 Polyterpenoids, 1601 Portland cement, 750 Polymerization (Oxidative-coupling), 1342–1343 Polytetrafluoroethylene, 662 Positive-negative acid-base theory, 12 Polymerization (Radical), 1343–1344 dielectric permittivity, 852t Positron, 1359 Polymers, 1169t, 1345–1346 production methods for cellular, 664t Positron emission tomography (PET), 1762 Polymers (Electroconductive), 1346–1347 as release agent, 1435t Positronium, 1359 Polymers (Inorganic), 1347–1348 Poly(tetramethylene glycol), commercial polyether Potassium, 48 Polymers (Organic), 1348–1350 polyol, 1654t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Polymers (Water-soluble), 1350, 1736–1738 Polytropic processes, 1355–1356 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Poly(methacrylic acid), water-soluble polymer, 1738 Polyunsaturated fats, 1671 covalent radius, 344t Polymethine dyes, 1350–1352 Polyurea, microcapsule material, 997t electronic structure, 336t Poly(methyl acrylate), physical properties, 18t Polyurethane, 1653–1656 essential mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1002–1003 Polymethylbenzenes, 1352–1353 insulation material, 856t in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Poly(methyl methacrylate), outdoor stability, 990t physical properties of flexible foamed plastics, interatomic distance, 342t Polymethyl(nonafluorohexyl)-siloxane, as release 665t ionic crystal radius, 341t agent, 1435t physical properties of rigid foamed plastics, 664t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), 1150 physical properties of structural foams, 665t plant micronutrient, 613t Poly(methyl vinyl ether), 1689 production methods for cellular, 664t principal characteristics, 327t Polymorphism, 1353 Polyurethane adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, 32t residence time in sea water, 1133t Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 242t Polyurethane-modified isocyanurate (PUIR) foams, standard electrode potential, 31t Polymycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t 1653, 1655 water quality indicator, 1726 Polymyxin, year of discovery/market introduction, typical formulation, 1655t Potassium (In Biological Systems), 1362–1364 106t Polyurethanes [CAS: 9009–54–5], 1356 Potassium acid tartrate Polymyxin E, activity and producing organism, 128t Poly(vinyl acetate) acidulant, 14 Polymyxins, activity and producing organism, 128t dielectric permittivity, 852t properties of leavening acid, 925t INDEX 1819

Potassium alginate, 748t Preferential, 1367 Propanetriol, 732 Potassium alum, 61 Pregel, Fritz (1869–1930), 1367 Propanil, environmental health advisories, 771t Potassium bicarbonate, alkalizer, 14 Prehnite, 1367 Propanone, 7 Potassium bromate, 1361 Preionization, 161 2-Propanone, physical properties, 900t Potassium n-butyl xanthate, 1755t Prelog, Vladimir (1906–1998), 1367 Propazine, environmental health advisories, 771t Potassium carbonate, 1361 Premix molding, 1367 2-Propenal, 14–15 alkalizer, 14 Prepolymer, 1367 2-Propeneamide, 15 Potassium [CAS: 7440–09–7], 1360–1362 Preservative, 1367 Propenoic acid, 17 Potassium chlorate, 1361 Pressure, 1367–1369 Propenoic acid nitrile, 20 Potassium chloride, 1361 Pressure measurement, 1368 Propham, environmental health advisories, 771t Potassium chloroplatinate, 1361 Pressure sensitive adhesives, load-bearing Propionic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 Potassium chromate, 1361 capabilities, 32t Propionylerythromycin mercaptosuccinate, Potassium cyanate, 1361 Pressure-sensitive adhesives, 33 commercial products, 121t Potassium cyanide, 1361 Pressure swing adsorption, 38t Propiophenone, physical properties, 900t Potassium dichromate, 1361 Pressure-swing adsorption, 40 Proportional counter, 1759, 1760 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, crystal structure, Pressurized water nuclear reactor, 1106–1109, 1120 Proportional detectors, gamma rays, 704 455 Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804), 1369 Propoxyphene, 93t Potassium hydride, physical properties, 795t Prigogine, Ilya (1917–2003), 1369 Propyl acetate, physical properties, 585t Potassium hydrogen oxalate, 1185 Prills, 1369 Propyl acrylate, physical properties of polymers, 18t Potassium hydroxide, 12, 1361 Prilocaine, 100t n-Propyl alcohol, heating value, 686t alkalizer, 14 Primary alcohols, 46 Propyl butyrate, permeation in selected barrier Potassium hypophosphite, 1361 Primary amides, 74 polymers, 174t Potassium iodate, 1361 Primary amines, 74, 75 Propylene Potassium isoamyl xanthate, 1755t Primary amino group, analysis, 97 combustion constants, 422t Potassium isobutyl xanthate, 1755t Primary wastewater treatment, 1724 melting range, 1546t Potassium isopropyl xanthate, 1755t Prinadol, 93t Propylene cyanohydrin, 465t Potassium manganate, 1361 Principal quantum number, 1396 1,2-Propylenediamine, physical properties, 483t Potassium nitrate, 1361 Pristinamycin IA, activity and producing organism, Propylene nitrile, 20 Potassium nitrite, 1361 128t Prostaglandins, 1369–1370 Potassium oxalate, 1185 Pristinamycin IIA, activity and producing organism, Protactinium, 23t Potassium perchlorate, 1361 128t abundance, 330t, 1132t Potassium periodate, 1361 Procaine, 100t binary compound properties, 25–26t Potassium permanganate, 1361 Procarbazine hydrochloride USP, DNA interactive electronic structure, 337t Potassium persulfate, 1362 agent, 357t interatomic distance, 342t Potassium n-propyl xanthate, 1755t Process-activating proteins, 1374 ionic crystal radius, 341t Potassium silicate, 1362 Process analyzers, 94 oxidation states, 24t Potassium sulfate, 1362 Progesterone, where produced, structure, and physical properties, 24t Potassium sulfide, 1362 principal functions, 788t principal characteristics, 328t Potassium sulfite, 1362 Progestin, where produced, structure, and principal Protactinium [CAS: 7440–13–13], 1370 Potassium superoxide, 1580 functions, 788t Protease, 1371 Potassium thiocarbonate, 1362 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, 1696 Proteases, 306 Potassium thiocyanate, 1362 Prolactin LTH, where produced, structure, and Protective coating, 1371 Potassium titanate fiber, insulation material, 856t principal functions, 788t Protein hydrolysate, 1371 Potatoes, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Potentiator, 1364 Prolan A, where produced, structure, and principal Protein in cerebrospinal fluid, target of medical Potentiometric titration, 1621–1622 functions, 787t diagnostic test, 975t Pound, Robert (1919–), 1364 Prolinase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Proteins, 1371–1377 Poundal (pdl), 1644t Proline constituent of human blood, 242t Pour point, 1364 first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Proteus, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Pour point depressant, 1364 manufacture, 76t Proteus vulgaris, gram-negative, 168t Powder, 1364 structural classification, 79t Prothrombin factor, 1706 Powder metallurgy, 1364–1365 Promethium Protium, 1378 Poxviruses, 1695 electronic structure, 336t Proton, 1210, 1378 ppb (parts per billion), 1366 interatomic distance, 342t Proton-proton reaction, 1378 ppm (parts per million), 1366 ionic crystal radius, 341t Protopine, 49t Prandtl number, 1366 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Proustite, 1378 Praseodymium principal characteristics, 328t Providencia, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t abundance, 330t properties, 1421t, 1422t Provirus, 1695 electronic structure, 336t Promethium [CAS: 7440–12–2], 1369 Provitamin, 1378 interatomic distance, 342t Prometon, environmental health advisories, 771t Pseudogenes, 715 ionic crystal radius, 341t Prometryn, environmental health advisories, 771t Pseudohypoparathyroidism, genetic influence, 716 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Promoter, 1369 Pseudomonas, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t principal characteristics, 328t Pronamide, environmental health advisories, 771t Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram-negative, 168t properties, 1421t, 1422t Proof, 1369 Pseudomones aeruginosa, ß-lactamase-producing Praseodymium [CAS: 7440–10–0], 1366 Propachlor, environmental health advisories, 771t bacterium, 110t Precipitate, 1366 Propaldehyde, 48 Pseudomorphs, 1378 Precipitation hardening, 1366–1367 Propane Pseudopelletierine, 49t Precursor, 1367 combustion constants, 422t Pseudopotential theory, 346–347 Prednisolone, 93 measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Pseudoxanthoma elasticum, genetic influence, 716 commercial microbial transformations used to in Texas natural gas, 1054t P shell, electronic structure of the elements, produce, 1550t Propane [CAS: 74–98–6], 1369 336–337t Prednylidene, commercial microbial transformations Propanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Psilocin, 754 used to produce, 1550t Propanesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t Psilocybin, 566, 754 1820 INDEX

Psilomelane, 1378 Quantum chromodynamics, 1397 Radiocarbon dating, 1414–1415 Psi particle, 1378, 1397 Quantum-effect devices, 1470 Radiochemistry, 1416 Psychrophilic organism, 1768 Quantum efficiency, 1393 Radiographic nondestructive testing, 1092 Ptomaine, 1379 Quantum electrodynamics, 1393 Radium, 49 Pulp (Wood) production and processing, 1379–1382 Quantum mechanics, 1393–1395 abundance, 330t, 1132t Pultrusion, 1382 Quantum number, 1396 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Pumice, 1382 Quantum simulation, 1029 electronic structure, 337t abrasive properties, 745t Quantum theory of spectra, 1396 interatomic distance, 342t hardness, 1008t Quarks, 1396–1397 ionic crystal radius, 341t Pump and treat, 205t Quart (qt), 1644t principal characteristics, 328t Pumping plants, 1722 Quartz, 708 Radium [CAS: 7440–14–4], 1416–1417 PUREX process, 1647 abrasion pH, 1t Radon Purines, constituent of human blood, 242t abrasive properties, 745t abundance, 1132t Purines [CAS: 120–73–0], 1382 analysis, 316t definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Purinethol, antimetabolite, 355t crystal structure, 455 electronic structure, 337t PVC resins, 1686–1687 for diffracting crystal spectrometer, 1760 principal characteristics, 328t PVP hydrogels, 1680–1681 hardness, 755t Radon [CAS: 10043–92–2], 1417–1487 Pycnometer, 1382 heat effect, 708t Rad (rd), 1644t Pyrargyrite, 1382 irradiation, 709t Raffia, 632t Pyrazoles, 1382–1384 ultrasonic applications, 1637 Raffia wax, 1747 Pyrazolines, 1382–1384 Quartz [CAS: 14808–60–7], 1397–1398 Raman spectrometry, 1418–1419 Pyrazolones, 1382–1384 Quartz glass, thermal conductivity, 758t Ramie, 632t Pyresis, 91 Quartzite, 1398 Ramsey, Sir William (1852–1916), 1419 Pyrex, thermal conductivity, 758t Quartz porphyry, 1398 Rankine cycle, 1511 Pyrex (Corning 7740), dielectric permittivity, 852t Quasicrystal, 459 Rankine temperature scale, 3, 1419, 1588 Pyridine, as parent structure compound, 1090t Quasicrystals, aluminum alloys, 71 Raoult’s Law, 1419, 1670 Pyridine and derivatives, 1384–1385 Quaternary ammonium compounds, 74, 1398–1399 Rapeseed oil, 1671 Pyridine [CAS: 110–86–1], 1384–1385 Quelet reaction, 1399 characteristics and properties, 1672–1673t Pyridinium tetracyanoquinodimethane molecular Quenching, 1399 good source of protein, 1373 system, 1023 Quercitrin, 734t Rapid solidification processing, 1364–1365 Pyridoxine, 1700–1701 Quinacridone, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Rare-earth elements, 1419–1424 Pyridoxol, 1700 Quinidine, 49t Rare-earth metals, 1419–1424 ß-Pyridyl-α-N-methylpyrrolidine, 51 Quinine, 49t, 52 Rare gas, 1424 Pyrite, 871t, 1009t, 1389 Quinoline, 1399–1401 Rare gases, 706 crystal structure, 455 physical properties, 1400t Rare gas halide lasers, wavelength range, 910t hardness, 1008t Quinoline alkaloids, 49t Rat, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, 176t Pyrogenetic minerals, 1389 Quinoline and isoquinolines, 1399–1401 Rate variables, 1670 Pyrolusite, 1389 Quinoline dyes, 1401 Rayleigh waves, 1637 Pyrolysis, 1389 Quinoline Yellow A, 1401 Rayon, physical properties, 1139t Pyrometer, 1389 Quinomycin C, activity and producing organism, Rayon fiber, generic designation and definition, Pyrometric cones, 1389–1390 128t 623–624t Pyromorphite, 1390 4-Quinoneoxime, physical properties, 1082t Reaction-product analyzer, 97–98 Pyromucic acid, carboxylic acid, 294 1,2-Quinones, 1401 Reactive dyes, 512t, 517, 531–533, 531–533 Pyronine B (CI 45010), 1756 1,4-Quinones, 1401 applications, 519 Pyronine G (CI 45005), 1756 Quotient group, 747 dyeing process, 521, 522 Pyronines, 1756 Reagent-tape analyzer, 98 Pyrope, 705 Realgar, 1424 Pyrophoric material, 1390 R Rearrangement (Organic chemistry), 1424 Pyrophosphoric acid, 1279 Rabbit, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, 176t Reaumur, 1425 Pyrophosphotransferases, 571t Racemases, 571t Reboilers, 760 Pyrophyllite, 1390 Racemate, 78 Recalescence, 1425 Pyrotechnics, 1390 Racemic modification, 78 Reclaiming, 1425 Pyroxene, 1390 Racemization, 1405 Recombinant DNA technology, 715 Pyrrhotite, 871t, 1390 Rachiasterol, 1703 Recombination, 1425 Pyrrole and related compounds, 1390–1391 Rachitamin, 1703 Rectification, 1438 Pyrrole [CAS: 109–97–7], 1390–1391 Racking, 1405 Recycling Pyruvate kinase deficiency, genetic influence, 716 Radian (rad), 1644t aluminum, 62 Pyruvic acid, 282 Radiation, 1405 paper wastes, 1715–1716 constituent of human blood, 242t Radiation (Biochemistry), 1405–1406 plastic wastes, 1714–1715 Radiation heat transfer, 759–760, 1604 polyurethanes, 1656 Radiation (Industrial), 1406 Red brass, 440t Q Radiation (Ionizing), 1406 Red fuming nitric acid, as propellant, 1447t Qionones, 1401–1403 Radiation variables, 1670 Red gold, 736 Q shell, electronic structure of the elements, Radical polymerization, 1343–1344 Red quark, 1397 336–337t Radioactivation analysis, 1410–1411 Red tide, 1425 Quad, 1393 Radioactive dating, 1413–1414 Reduced crude, 1255 Quadruple point, 1393 Radioactive elements, 332 Reduction, 1178 Qualitative chemical analysis, 94 Radioactive fallout, 603 yeast participation, 1769t Quantitative chemical analysis, 94 Radioactive waste, 1406 Refinery gas, excess air for combustion, 426t Quantity variables, 1670 Radioactive waste disposal, 1122–1123 Refining, 1425 Quantized Hall effect, 753 Radioactive wastes, ocean dumping, 1734 Reflection hologram, 781 Quantum chemistry, 1393 Radioactivity, 1406–1416 Reflective insulation, insulation material, 857 INDEX 1821

Reflectometer, 1295 Rhodamines, 1756 Rosolite, 1755 Reflux, 1425 Rhodium Rotary dryers, 509t Reformatsky reaction, 1425–1426 abundance, 330t Rotating biological contractor, 205t Reforming, 1426 covalent radius, 344t Rotation axis, 1449 Refraction, 1426 electronic structure, 336t Rotavirus vaccine, 1660 Refractive index, 1426–1427 interatomic distance, 342t Rough vacuum, 1661t Refractomers, 1427–1428 ionic crystal radius, 341t Rowland, Frank Sherwood (1927–), 1449 Refractories, 1428–1430 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Roxel process, 1449 Refractory metals, 776 principal characteristics, 328t Roxithromycin, commercial products, 121t Refrigerant, 1430 properties, 1317t rRNA, 713, 1125 Refrigeration, 1430–1434 Rhodium [CAS: 7440–16–6], 1445 Rubber Regelation, 1434 Rhodium-platinum thermocouples, temperature insulation material, 856t Regeneration, 1434 range, 1605t production methods for cellular, 664t Regenerative adsorbents, 38 Rhodium-rhodium thermocouples, temperature Rubber (Natural), 1449–1451 Regular crystal system, crystallographic elements, range, 1605t Rubber (Synthetic), 1452 455t Rhodochrosite, 1445 Rubber based adhesives, load-bearing capabilities, Reinforced plastics, 1434 Rhodonite, 1445 32t Reinforcing agent, 1434 Rhombic crystal system, crystallographic elements, Rubella vaccine, 1659 Relative humidity, 793 455t Rubidium, 48 Relaxin, where produced, structure, and principal Rhombohedral crystal system, crystallographic abundance, 330t, 1132t functions, 788t elements, 455t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Release agents, 1434–1435 Riboflavin, 1699–1700 covalent radius, 344t Releasin, where produced, structure, and principal constituent of human blood, 242t electronic structure, 336t functions, 788t Ribonuclease, 1445–1446 interatomic distance, 342t Rem (rem), 1644t therapeutic enzyme, 574t ionic crystal radius, 341t Remsen, Ira (1846–1927), 1436 Ribonucleic acid (RNA), 712, 713–714 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Renal glycosuria, genetic influence, 716 constituent of human blood, 242t principal characteristics, 328t Renal tubular acidosis, genetic influence, 716 structure, 1125–1126 residence time in sea water, 1133t Rene 41, 58 Ribosomal RNA, 713, 1125 Rubidium [CAS: 7440–17–7], 1452 Ribosome, 1446 Reoviruses, 1694 Rubidium hydride, physical properties, 795t Ribulose-5-phosphate, 283 Repellent, 1436 Rubidium superoxide, 1580 Rice, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Reppe chemistry, 8 Ruby, 708 Rice bran wax, 1747 Reppe process, 1436 heat effect, 708t Richards, Theodore W. (1868–1928), 1446 Residual fuel oil, 1255 Rufomycin A, activity and producing organism, 128t Ricinine, 49t Residual gas analyzers, 1665 Russell-Saunders coupling, 338 Rickets, 1704 Residuum, in representative world crude oils, 1243t Ruthenium Ridgeway’s hardness scale, 2t Resins, use in food processing, 671t abundance, 330t Riebeckite, 1446 Resins: acetal, 1436 covalent radius, 344t Rifamycins, biological activity, 108t Resins: acrylontrile-butadiene-styrene, 1436 electronic structure, 336t Righi-Leduc effect, 752 Resins: natural, 1437–1438 interatomic distance, 342t Rigid polyurethane foams, 1655 Resins: synthetic, 1438 ionic crystal radius, 341t Rigid vinyls, 1357 Resols, 1275 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Rimmed steels, 58 Resonance, 1438 principal characteristics, 328t Ristocetin A, producing organism, 118t properties, 1317t Resonance fluorescence, 4 Ristocetin B, producing organism, 118t Ruthenium [CAS: 7440–18–8], 1453 Resonance hybrid, 1438 Ristomycin A, producing organism, 118t Ruthenium chloride, 1453 Resorcinol-formaldehyde gels, 42 Ristomycin B, producing organism, 118t Ruthenium-titanium oxide anodes, 981–982 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1711t Rivers, water quality, 1726–1728 Rutherford, Ernest (1871–1937), 1453–1454 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, 1660 RNA viruses, 1693, 1694 Rutherfordium, 24, 333 Retinol, 1698 Roasting (minerals), 987 principal characteristics, 328t Retorting, 1438–1439 Robinson, Sir Robert (1886–1975), 1446 Rutile, 708, 1454 Retrovirus, 1695 Rock crystal, 708 crystal structure, 455 Revegetation, 1439–1440 Rocket propellants, 1446–1449 Ruzicka, Leopold (1887–1976), 1454 Reverse osmosis, 1441 Rock salt, 752 Ryton, 624t Reverse transcriptase, 715 absolute index, 1426t Revolutions per minute (r/min), 1644t Rockwell hardness scale, 755 Reynolds number, 1441 Rod mills, 170–171 Rhabdoviruses, 1695 Rod wax, 1748 S Rheinboldt oxime test, 1186 Roentgen, W., x-rays, 1758 Sabatier, Paul (1854–1941), 1455 Rhenium Roentgen (R), 1645t Sabatier-Senderens reaction, 1455 covalent radius, 344t Rokitamycin, commercial products, 121t Saccharification, 194 electronic structure, 337t Rolling drum, 45 Saccharimeter, 1455 interatomic distance, 342t Rondomycin, year of discovery, 130t Saccharomyces bayanus, 1767 ionic crystal radius, 341t Rontgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923), 1449 Saccharomyces beticus, 1767 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Roots pump, 1663 Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 1767–1768 principal characteristics, 328t Rosamines, 1756 Saccharomyces uvarium, 1767 Rhenium [CAS: 7440–15–5], 1441–1443 Rose bengal, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Sac fungi, 1767 Rheocasting, 68 Roselle, 632t Safe Drinking Water Act, 1711t Rheology, 1443–1444 Rosemary oil, 647t Safflower oil, 1671 Rhizofiltration, 205t Rose metal, 238t fatty acid composition, 507t Rhizopus, 1769 Rose oil, 647t Sal ammoniac, 86 Rhodamine B, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t Rosolic acid, pH range and color change of Salicyl alcohol, 1455 Rhodamine B (Basic Violet 10, CI 45170), 1756 indicator, 825t Salicylic acid and related compounds, 1455–1456 1822 INDEX

Salicylic acid [CAS: 69–72–7], 1455–1456 Schmidlin ketene synthesis, 1461 Serine Salmonella Schmidt reaction, 1462 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Schorigin reaction, 1462 manufacture, 76t and food processing, 672 Schotten-Baumann reaction, 1462 structural classification, 79t ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t Schrodinger equation, 1395 L-Serine dehydratase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Salmonella enteriditis, gram-negative, 168t Schumann region, 1639 Sernyl, 754 Salt, 1456 Schumann-Runge bands, 3 Serpentine, 1472 Salt bath, 1456 Schweitzer’s reagent, 1462 hardness, 1008t Salting out, 1456 Scintillation counters, 1759, 1760 Serratia, amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Salt nitriding, 763t Scintillation detectors, gamma rays, 704 Sesame oil, 1671 Saltpeter, 1456 Sclanidine, 49t Sesquiterpenoids, 1601 Samarium Sclerometer, 1462 Sesterterpenoids, 1601 abundance, 330t Scleroscope, 756 Set (Permanent), 1472 electronic structure, 336t Scolecite, 1462 Sevoflurane, 100t interatomic distance, 342t Scopolamine, 49t Sewage treatment, 1724–1725 ionic crystal radius, 341t Scorodite, 1462 Sexually transmitted diseases, vaccines, 1660 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Screw-conveyor dryers, 509t SF 1293, activity and producing organism, 128t principal characteristics, 328t Seaboard process, 1462 Shale, 1472 properties, 1421t, 1422t Seaborg, Glenn T., 1462 Shape-memory alloys, aluminum-containing, 71 Samarium [CAS: 7440–19–9], 1456–1457 Seaborgium, 24, 333 Shear waves, 1637 Sandalwood oil, 647t electronic structure, 337t Sheeting dryers, 509t Sandostatin, hormonal therapy, 358t principal characteristics, 328t Sheetrock, 750 Sandstone, 1457 Sealants, 1462–1463 Shell, 1472 Sanger, Frederick (1918–), 1457 Sealing glasses, 728 Shellac, 1472 Sanitary sewers, 1724 Season cracking, 1463 Shellac wax, 1746 Sansevieria, 632t Sebacic acid, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Shell-and-tube heat exchangers, 761 Sapogenins, 734 Secondary alcohols, 46 Sherardizing, 1472 Saponification, 1457 Secondary amides, 74 Shigella Saponification number, 1671 Secondary amines, 74, 75 amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Saponin, 734t Secondary wastewater treatment, 1724 ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t Sapphire, 708 Second law of thermodynamics, 1606 Shigella paradysenteriae, gram-negative, 168t hardness, 755t Second (s), 1645t Shigellas vaccine, 1660 heat effect, 708t Sedimentation, 1463 Shrew, body weight-metabolic rate relationship, 176t Saprophytes, 1767 SEF (modacrylic staple), 622t Shuttle-Mir microgravity program, 741 Saran, 624t, 1691 Seger cone, 1463 Sialons, 70 Sardonyx, 44 Selar PA 3426, gas permeability, 172t Sickle cell hemoglobin, 768 Sarex process, 41t Selection rules (Energy levels), 1463–1464 Siderite, 871t, 1472 Sarsoline, 49t Selection rules (Nuclear), 1464 Silane, physical properties, 795t Sassafras oil, 647t Selectivity, adsorbents, 36 Silanes, 1476 Satellite energy collectors, 1513 Selenium Silica Saturated compound, 429 abundance, 330t, 1132t commercial gas adsorption processes, 39t Saturated fats, 1671 colorant for glass, 725t definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Saturated fatty acids, 1671t covalent radius, 344t glassy state, 724 Saturation, 1457–1458 electronic structure, 336t hardness, 755t Saturation vapor pressure, 1670 in hazardous waste, 1711t for liquid-phase adsorption, 40 Saybolt universal viscosity, 1458 interatomic distance, 342t plasma synthesis, 318t SB22484, factor 3, formula and producing organism, ionic crystal radius, 341t as release agent, 1435t 116t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t use in food processing, 671t SB22484, factor 4, formula and producing organism, principal characteristics, 328t Silica aerogels, 43, 44t 116t trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 Silica gel, 36 Scale, 1458 water quality indicator, 1726 Silica glass, 725 Scandium Selenium [CAS: 7782–49–2], 1464–1465 Silicate minerals, 1012 abundance, 330t, 1132t Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (powder Silicates, 1476 covalent radius, 344t metallurgy), 1365 Silicates (Soluble), 1472–1473 electronic structure, 336t Self-recognition. molecules, 1033 Silicic, 1473 interatomic distance, 342t Semenov, Nikolai N. (1896–1986), 1465 Silicification, 1473 ionic crystal radius, 341t Semianthracite, characteristics, 390t Silicoaluminates, 65 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Semibituminous coal, ignition temperature in air, Silicon principal characteristics, 328t 425t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t properties, 1421t, 1422t Semicarbazones, 899, 1465 amount in pure irons, 877t Scandium [CAS: 7440–20–2], 1458 Semiconductor doping, 1467 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Scanning probe microscopy, 1045 Semiconductors, 1466–1471 covalent radius, 344t Scanning tunneling microscope (STM), 1458–1461 electronic structure, 1519 electronic structure, 336t Scapie, 1696 spectral sensitizers, 535t interatomic distance, 342t Scapolite, 1461 Semikilled steels, 58 ionic crystal radius, 341t Scavenging, 1461 Semipermeable diaphragm, 1471 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Scheele, C. W. (1742–1786), 1461 Semipermeable membrane, 1471 principal characteristics, 328t Scheele’s Green, 441 Sendust alloy, thin-film applications, 958t residence time in sea water, 1133t Scheelite, 1461 Sepiolite, 1471–1472 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 Schele’s syndrome, genetic influence, 716 Sequencing batch reactor, 205t Silicon bronze, 440t Schist, 1461 Sequential analysis, 1472 Silicon carbide, 1474 Schistosomiasis vaccine, 1660 Serandite, 1472 abrasive properties, 745t INDEX 1823

hardness, 2t, 755t Sizing compound, 1483 Sodium carbonate, 1490–1491 plasma synthesis, 318t Skraup quinoline synthesis, 1179 alkalizer, 14 Silicon [CAS: 7440–21–3], 1473–1479 Skutterudite, 1483 Sodium [CAS: 7440–23–5], 1489–1493 Silicon dioxide, 1475–1476 cobalt source, 410t Sodium caseinate, use in food processing, 671t Silicone, dielectric permittivity, 852t Slack, 1484 Sodium chlorate, 1491 Silicone resins, 1480–1481 Slag, 1484 Sodium chloride, 1491, 1493–1494 alkyd resins with, 54 Slag flux, 662 conductivity-concentration curve, 546 Silicones, 1476 Slate, 1484 crystal structure, 455 production methods for cellular, 664t Slime molds, 1767 dielectric permittivity, 852t Silicone sealants, 1462 Slop wax, 1748 for diffracting crystal spectrometer, 1760 Siliconizing, 763t Slow viruses, 1695–1696 Sodium chromate, 1491 Silicon nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t Sludge, 1484, 1725 Sodium chrome alum, 61 Silicon-silicon double bond, 1477 Slug (slug), 1645t Sodium citrate, 1491 Silicon solar cells, 1298–1300 Smalley, Richard E. (1943–), 1484 Sodium cyanate, 464 Silk Smart catalysts, 1485 Sodium cyanide, 1491 dyeing, 522 Smart gels, 1485 Sodium dichromate, 1491 fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Smart materials, 1484–1485 Sodium dithionate, 1491 generic designation and definition, 624t Smart memory alloys, 1485 Sodium ethyl xanthate, 1755t Sillimanite, 1009t, 1481 Smart polymers, 1485 Sodium fluoride, 1491 physical properties, 1428t Smell, 1135 Sodium fluorosilicate, 1491 Siloxanes, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Smelting, 987, 1486 Sodium formate, 1491 for, 838t Smithsonite, 1486 Sodium hydride, 1491 Siloxy, 1477 Smog, 1486 physical properties, 795t Silver Smoke, 1486 Sodium hydroxide, 12, 1491 abundance, 330t, 1132t Smokeless powder, 1486 alkalizer, 14 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Smoky Mountain haze, 1327 conductivity-concentration curve, 546 covalent radius, 344t Smoky quartz, 708 Sodium hypochlorite, 1491 density, 474t Soaps, 1486–1489 Sodium hypophosphite, 1491 electronic structure, 336t Soda ash, 1490–1491 Sodium hyposulfite, 1491 EPA pretreatment standard for aqueous Soda-lime-silica glasses, 724–725 Sodium iodide, 1491–1492 discharge, 985t Sodalite, 1489 Sodium isobutyl xanthate, 1755t in hazardous waste, 1711t Sodamide, 1490 Sodium isopropyl xanthate, 1755t interatomic distance, 342t Soda nitre, 1489 Sodium manganate, 1492 ionic crystal radius, 341t Soddy, Frederick (1877–1965), 1489 Sodium nitrate, 1492 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Sodium, 48 Sodium nitrite, 1492 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Sodium nitrobenzeneazosalicylate, pH range and principal characteristics, 328t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t color change of indicator, 825t residence time in sea water, 1133t covalent radius, 344t Sodium oleate, 1492 standard electrode potential, 31t electronic structure, 336t Sodium oxalate, 1185, 1492 sterling, 1546 essential mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1002–1003 Sodium palmitate, 1492 Silver acetylide, 8 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Sodium permanganate, 1492 Silver amalgam, 72 interatomic distance, 342t Sodium phenate, 1492 Silver-bearing copper, 438t ionic crystal radius, 341t Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate, in water-soluble Silver-cadmium cells, 186t, 188 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t flame retardant formulation, 642t Silver [CAS: 7440–22–4], 1482–1483 principal characteristics, 328t Sodium n-propyl xanthate, 1755t Silver cell, cell reactions, energy content, and residence time in sea water, 1133t Sodium pyrophosphate, acidulant, 14 manufacturers, 179t standard electrode potential, 31t Sodium salicylate, 1492 Silver-hydrogen cells, 186t, 188–189 target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Sodium sesquicarbonate, alkalizer, 14 Silver-iron cells, 186t, 188 water quality indicator, 1726 Sodium silicate, 1492 Silver oxide cell, 184t Sodium (In Biological Systems), 1362–1364 Sodium soap greases, 743 Silver-zinc cell, cell reactions, energy content, and Sodium acetate, 6 Sodium stearate, 1492 manufacturers, 180t Sodium acid pyrophosphate Sodium sulfate, 1492 Silver-zinc cells, 186t, 187–188 acidulant, 14 Sodium sulfide, 1492 Silvex 2-(2,4–5 Trichlorophenoxy propionic acid), properties of leavening acid, 925t Sodium sulfite, 1492 in hazardous waste, 1711t Sodium alginate, 748t reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Silyl, 1477 Sodium aluminate, 65, 1490 Sodium-sulfur cell, 183 Silylamino, 1477 Sodium aluminosilicate, 1476, 1490 cell reactions and energy content (in Silylene, 1477 Sodium aluminum fluoride, 64 development), 180t Silylidyne, 1477 Sodium aluminum phosphate (anhydrous), properties Sodium superoxide, 1580 Silylthio, 1477 of leavening acid, 925t Sodium tartarate, 1492 Simazine, environmental health advisories, 771t Sodium aluminum phosphate hydrate, properties of Sodium thiosulfate, 1492 Simple distillation, 1483 leavening acid, 925t Sodium thiosulfate [CAS: 7772–98–7], 1494–1495 Simple plants, 1767 Sodium aluminum sulfate, properties of leavening Sodium tungstate, 1492 Single-cell protein, 1373 acid, 925t Soft, 1495 Sintered alumina, physical properties, 1428t Sodium bicarbonate, alkalizer, 14 Softener, 1495 Sintered magnesium aluminate, physical properties, Sodium bisulfite, reagent for sulfonation, Soft solder, 923t 1428t 1566t Soil, 1495–1498 Sintered mullite, physical properties, 1428t Sodium bisulfite, hydroperoxide catalyst, reagent for Soil-absent (soil type), 1497t Sintering, 45 sulfonation, 1566t Soil chemistry, 1498–1499 Sisal, 632t Sodium bromide, 1490 Soil classification system (U.S.D.A.), 1497t Sitosterol, 733 Sodium n-butyl xanthate, 1755t Soil heaping, 205t SI units, 1642–1645 Sodium sec-butyl xanthate, 1755t Soil-vapor extraction, 205t 1824 INDEX

Soil-washing technologies, 1712–1714 Spent fuel reprocessing, 1647 hardness, 755t Solar cells, 1298–1300, 1513 Spermaceti, 1747 modulus and rigidity, 538t Solar concentrators, 1505–1506 Sperm oil, 1747 in municipal waste, 1714t Solar energy, 1499–1513 Sperrylite, 1532 Stefan-Boltzmann Law, 760 heat treating application, 763–764 Sperry process, 1532 Stellite, hardness, 755t Solar furnaces, 1506–1507, 1512 Spessartine, 705 Stendomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Solar heating, 1501–1505 Sphalerite blende, 1532 Stengel process, 1540 Solar One, 1508–1510 Sphene, 1532 Step-growth polymerization, 1346 Solder, 923t Sphingomyelin, constituent of human blood, 242t Stephanite, 1540 antimony content, 139t Spike oil, 647t Stephen aldehyde synthesis, 1540 Solder flux, 662 Spinel, 708, 1532 Steradian (sr), 1645t Solder glasses, 725 crystal structure, 455 Stereochemistry, 1540–1542 Sol-gel chemistry, 42 Spinel-cobalt oxide anodes, 982 Stereoisomerism, 350, 1542–1545 Sol-gel glass, 729–730 Spinning-rotor friction vacuum gage, 1664 Stereoregular polymers, 1545–1546 Sol-gel technology, 1514–1516 Spin quantum number, 1396 Stereospecific polymerization, 1346 Solid, 1516–1517 Spiradoline, 92t Stereotype, 923t Solid-state chemistry, 1517 Spiro hydrocarbon ring systems, 1173 Sterling silver, 1546 Solid state electronics, 1017 Spodosols, 1497t Steroidal saponins, 734–735 Solid state lasers, wavelength range, 910t Spodumene, 1532–1533 Steroid glycosides, 733–735 Solid-state physics, 1517 irradiation, 709t Steroid hormonal dysfunctions, genetic influence, Solid superacids, 13 Spoils revegetation, 1439–1440 716 Solidus curve, 1520 Spray drying, 1533–1534 Steroids, 1546–1551 Solidus line, 57 Sprays, 1534–1535 Sterolins, 733–734 Solion, 1520 Spray-type agglomerator, 45 Stevens rearrangement, 1552 Solubility, 1520 Sputtering, 1535 Stibnite, 1552 Solubility product, 1520 Sputter-ion vacuum pumps, 1663–1664 Stigmasterol, 733 Solubilization, 1520–1521 Squids (super conducting quantum interferometric Stilbite, 1552 Solution polymerization, 1342 devices), 894 Stilb (sb), 1645t Solutions, 1521–1524 Stabilizer, 1535–1536 Stilphostrol, hormonal therapy, 358t Solvent, 1524 Stadol, 93t Stilpnomelane, 871t Solvent action, 1524 Stainless steel, hardness of annealed, 755t Stoichiometry, 1552–1553 Solvent-based adhesives, 33 Stainless steels, 58 Stoke’s law, 1553 Solvent dyes, 512t Stalactite, 1536 Stokes (St), 1645t Solvent extraction, 1524–1525 Stalagmite, 1536 Storage battery, 1553 Solvolysis, 1525 Stallimycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Strain, 538–539 Somatotrophic hormone, where produced, structure, Standard conditions, 1536 Strain theory, 1553 and principal functions, 789t Standard electrode potentials, 31t Strand polarity, viruses, 1694 Somatotropin, where produced, structure, and Standard state, 1536 Strangeness, quarks, 1397 principal functions, 789t Standard volume, 1708 Stratosphere, 156 Sommelet reaction, 1525 Stanley, Wendell M. (1904–1971), 1536 Streaming (Molecular), 1553 Sonn-Muller method, 1525 Stannane, physical properties, 795t Streams, acidification, 9 Sonocatalysis, 1526 Stannite, 1536 Streptococcus fecalis, gram-positive, 168t Sonochemistry, 1525–1526, 1638 Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus hemolyticus, gram-positive, 168t Sonoluminescence, 1525–1526 amphenicol susceptibility, 115t Streptococcus lactis, gram-positive, 168t Sonolysis, 1527 gram-positive, 168t Streptococcus pneumonae, amphenicol susceptibility, Sorbex processes, 41 ß-lactamase-producing bacterium, 110t 115t Sorbitol, purification, 863t Staphylococcus epidermidis, ß-lactamase-producing Streptococcus salivarius, gram-positive, 168t Sorbitol adduct, commercial polyether polyol, 1654t bacterium, 110t Streptococcus viridans, gram-positive, 168t Sorosilicate minerals, 1013 Starch Streptogramin A, activity and producing organism, Sorption, 1527 industrial chemicals derived from, 229t 128t Soybean oil, 1671 use in food processing, 671t Streptogramin B, activity and producing organism, fatty acid composition, 507t Starch-based adhesives, 33 128t Soybeans, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Starch [CAS: 9005–25–8], 1536–1538 Streptokinase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Space chemistry, 1527 Stark effect, 1538 Streptomycin, year of discovery/market introduction, Space processing, 1527–1528 State, 1538 106t Spandex fiber, 631 State and Local Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS), Streptothricin A, activity and producing organism, generic designation and definition, 624t acid rain, 11 128t physical properties, 631t Statistical mechanics, 1539 Streptovaricins, biological activity, 108t Sparteine, 49t Statistical thermodynamics, 1607–1608 Streptozocin USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking Specific gravity, 1528–1530 Staurolite, 1539 agent, 356t Specific heat, 757, 758, 1530 Steam, 1539–1540 Stress, 538–539 Specific humidity, 793 Steam-tube rotary dryers, 509t Stromatolite, 1553 Specific volume, 1531 Stearamide, as release agent, 1435t Strontianite, 1553 Spectacle glass, 1163t Stearates, 1540 Strontium, 49 Spectra 900/1000, 623t Stearic acid abundance, 330t, 1132t Spectrochemical analysis (Visible), 1531 fatty acid in vegetable oil, 1671t covalent radius, 344t Spectro instruments, 1531 in major vegetable oils, 1672–1673t electronic structure, 336t Spectrophotometer, 1295 Stearic acid [CAS: 57–11–4], 1540 interatomic distance, 342t Spectropolarimetry, 1322 Stearone, 1540 ionic crystal radius, 341t Spectroscope, 1531–1532 Steatite, dielectric permittivity, 852t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Spectroscopy (Instrumental Analysis), 1532 Steel, 57–58, 877–887 principal characteristics, 328t Spectrum, 1532 hardenability, 754–755 Strontium [CAS: 7440–24–6], 1553–1554 INDEX 1825

Strontium hydride, physical properties, 795t electronic structure, 336t Suspension, 1586 Strontium superoxide, 1580 essential mineral nutrient, 1002, 1002t Suspension polymerization, 1342 Strontrium, residence time in sea water, 1133t ignition temperature in air, 425t Svedberg, Theodor (1884–1971), 1586 Structural adhesives, 33 ionic crystal radius, 341t Swamping catalyst procedure, 28 load-bearing capabilities, 32t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Swarts reaction, 1586 Structural genese, 712 plant micronutrient, 613t Sweeteners, 1586–1591 Structural isomers, 1542 principal characteristics, 328t Syenite, 1591 Structural proteins, 1374 in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t Sylvanite, 1591 Strychnine, 49t, 52 in representative world crude oils, 1243t Sylvitea, 1591 Styrene, 1554–1556 Sulfur (In Biological Systems), 1573–1575 Symmetry, 1591 melting range, 1546t Sulfuranes, 1571 and conservation laws, 432–434 polymerization with acrylic monomers, 17 Sulfur [CAS: 7704–34–9], 1570–1572 Synchrotron, 1215–1216 Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN), 21 Sulfur dioxide Synchrotron radiation, 1216–1217 Styrene-butadiene rubber, 1556–1557 in acid rain, 9–12 medical imagery application, 1762 Styrene-butadiene-rubber, physical properties of air pollution, 1327 Syndiotactic 1,2-butadiene, melting range, 1546t flexible foamed plastics, 665t combustion constants, 422t Syneresis, 1591 Styrene-maleic anhyride, 1557 gas separation, 39t Synge, Richard L. M. (1914–1994), 1591 Styrenes, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator measurement by NDIR analysis, 837t Synmonicin A, producing organism, 118t for, 838t reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Synmonicin B, producing organism, 118t Sub, 1557–1558 Sulfur dyes, 512t, 514 Synmonicon C (CWI-785), producing organism, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, 1696 applications, 519 118t Subbituminous A, characteristics, 390t dyeing process, 522 Syntex, 93t Subbituminous B, characteristics, 390t Sulfur fiber, generic designation and definition, 624t Synthesis (Chemical), 1591–1592 Subbituminous C, characteristics, 390t Sulfur hexafluoride, as greenhouse gas, 744 Synthesis gas, 1592 Suberic acid, monomer for nylon resins, 1333t Sulfuric acid, 12, 13 ammonia production from, 83–85 Subgroups, 746 acidulant, 14 Synthetases, 571t Sublimation, 1557–1558 conductivity-concentration curve, 546 Synthetic abrasives, 745 Sublimation (Heat of), 1558 reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Synthetic gemstones, 707 Substitute natural gas (SNG), 1558–1563 Sulfuric acid [CAS: 7664–93–9], 1572–1573 manufacture, 708 heating value, 686t Sulfuric ester hydrolases, 571t Synthetic latex house paints, 54 Substitution, 1178 Sulfurous acid [CAS: 7782–99–2], 1575 Synthetic methyl acetone, 7 Subtilin, activity and producing organism, 128t Sulfurtransferases, 571t Synthetic narcotics, 1041 Subtractive color process, 1563 Sulfur trioxide, reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Synthetic resins, 1438 Succineins, 1756 Sulfuryl chloride, reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Synthetic rubber, 1452 Succinic acid, 282t Sulindac, 93t Synthetic tausonite, 708 acidulant, 14 Sulofenur, chemotherapeutic, 359t Synthetic waxes, 1748–1749 Succinic acid dehydrogenase, 282t Sunflower oil, 1671 Synthetic zeolites, 1034–1036 α-Succinic acid thiokinase, 282t fatty acid composition, 507t composition, 1034t Sucrose, purification, 863t Sunn, 632t preparation, 1035t Sucrose adduct, commercial polyether polyol, 1654t Superabrasive wheels, 2 Sudangrass, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Superacids, 13 Sugar, 1563–1565 Superalloys, 56 T Sugar beets, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t high temperature, 774t Tableting, 44–45 Sugarcane wax, 1747 Superconducting Super Collider, 1217 TACE, hormonal therapy, 358t Sugars, industrial chemicals derived from, 229t Superconductivity, 1576–1579 Tachylite, 1593 Sulfamation, 1567 Supercooling, 1579 Tachylyte, 1593 Sulfamic acid, reagent for sulfonation, 1566t Supercritical drying, aerogels, 42–43 Taconite, 1593 Sulfanilamide, 1565 Superfluidity, 1579–1580 Tacticity, 1593 Sulfate Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Tafel rearrangement, 1593 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t 1711t Talc water quality indicator, 1726 Superheater, 760 hardness, 2t, 755t Sulfate minerals, 1012 Superheavy elements, 332–334 as release agent, 1435t Sulfation, 1567 Supermolecular electronics, 1016–1026 Talc [CAS: 14807–96–6], 1593 Sulfhydryl group, analysis, 97 Superoxide dismutase, 1001 Tallow, higher alcohol manufacture from, 47 Sulfide minerals, 1011 therapeutic enzyme, 574t Talwin, 93t Sulfometuron, environmental health advisories, 771t Superoxides, 1580 Tamm levels, 1593 Sulfonamide drugs, 1565 Super position (Nernst Principle of), 1580 Tamoxifen citrate USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Sulfonamides, 74 Supersaturated vapor, 1580 Tannin, 1593 Sulfonation, 1180, 1565–1566 Supersaturation (Chemical), 1580 Tannins, 733, 734t Sulfone polymers, 1567–1568 Suprarenin, where produced, structure, and principal Tantalite, 1594 Sulfonic acids, 1568–1569 functions, 786t Tantalum Sulforhodamine B (Acid Red 52; CI 45100), 1756 Surface, 1581 abundance, 330t Sulfotransferases, 571t Surface chemistry, 1581–1582 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Sulfoxides, 1569–1570 Surface hardenable steels, 58 covalent radius, 344t Sulfur Surface tension, 1582–1583 electronic structure, 337t abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Surface waters interatomic distance, 342t amount in pure irons, 877t acid rain, 9–10 ionic crystal radius, 341t combustion constants, 422t treatment, 1722 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t combustion reactions, 423t Surface waves, 1637 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Surfactants, 1583–1586 physical properties of high temperature, 774t content of petroleum, 1243 Suspended sediment, water quality indicator, principal characteristics, 328t covalent radius, 344t 1726 properties of refractory, 1075t 1826 INDEX

Tantalum carbide principal characteristics, 328t 1,1,3,3-Tetraphenylguanidine, 747t hardness, 755t properties, 1421t, 1422t Tetraterpenoids, 1601 plasma synthesis, 318t Terbium [CAS: 7440–27–9], 1600–1601 Tetroses, 279t Tantalum [CAS: 7440–2–5]7, 1594–1595 Terbutryn, environmental health advisories, 771t Thalassemias, genetic influence, 716 Tantalum hydride, physical properties, 796t Terephthalic acid [CAS: 100–21–0], 1601 Thalium, abundance, 1132t Tantalum nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t Ternary alloy, 56 Thallium Tanzanite, 1779 Ternary critical point, 450 abundance, 330t Tar acid, 1595 Terpene alcohol, 1601 electronic structure, 337t Tarnish, 1595 Terpeneless oil, 1601 interatomic distance, 342t Tar sand, 1243 Terpenes, 1601–1602 ionic crystal radius, 341t Tar sands, 1595–1596 biodegradable, 207t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Tartaric acid Terpenoids, 1601–1602 principal characteristics, 328t acidulant, 14 Terphenyls, 236–237 Thallium [CAS: 7440–28–0], 1603–1604 carboxylic acid, 294 Terramycin, year of discovery, 130t Thebaine, 49t, 91 Tartaric acid [CAS: 87–69–4], 1596 Tertiary alcohols, 46 Theine, 50 Tarui’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Tertiary amides, 74 Theophylline, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t Taube, Henry (1915–), 1596 Tertiary amines, 74, 75 Theoretical plate, 1604 Tau particle, 1596 Teslac, hormonal therapy, 358t Thermal conductivity, 758 Tauromustine, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Tesla (T), 1645t Thermal cracker, 1255 356t Testicular feminization, genetic influence, 716 Thermal expansion coefficient, 1604 Taxol, tubulin interactive, 358t Testing (Chemical), 1602 Thermal gasoline, 1255 Taxotere, tubulin interactive, 358t Testing (Physical), 1602–1603 Thermal insulation, 851–857 Tay-Sachs, genetic influence, 716 Testing (Physiological), 1603 Thermal radiation, 759–760, 1604 TCA, environmental health advisories, 771t Testis, 98 Thermal swing adsorption, 38t TCA cycle, 1596–1597 Testolactone USP, hormonal therapy, 358t Thermal variables, 1670 Tebuthiuron, environmental health advisories, Testosterone, 98, 99 Thermionic conversion, 1604 771t where produced, structure, and principal Thermionic emission, 1604 Technetium functions, 789t Thermite, 1604 covalent radius, 344t Tetrabromo-bisphenol, flame retardant, 640t Thermal diffusivity, 759 electronic structure, 336t Tetrabromobisphenol A, flame retardant, 640t Thermochemistry, 1604 interatomic distance, 342t Tetrabromo-bisphenol A, flame retardant, 640t Thermocouple, 1604–1605 ionic crystal radius, 341t Tetrabromo-bisphenol A carbonate oligomer, Thermocouple vacuum gage, 1663–1664 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t phenoxy end capped, flame retardant, 640t Thermodynamics, 1605–1608 principal characteristics, 328t Tetrabromocy-clooctane, flame retardant, 640t Thermodynamic temperature scale, 1599 Technetium [CAS: 7440–26–8], 1597 Tetrabromodipentaerythritol, flame retardant, 640t Thermoelectric cooling, 1608–1609 Tectosilicate minerals, 1013 Tetra(tert-butylperoxy)silane, physical properties, Thermoelectricity, 1609 Teflon, 622t 1232t Thermofor process, 1609 Teicoplanin (teichomycin complex), producing Tetra-4-tert-butyl-10-phthalocyaninato silicon Thermogravimetric analysis, 1609 organism, 118t dichloride, Langmuir-Blodgett films made Thermometer, 1609 Tektite, 1597 from, 1018 Thermometer (Filled-system), 1609 Tellurium Tetracaine, 100t Thermometric titration, 1622 abundance, 330t 2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone, physical Thermoplastic, 1610 covalent radius, 344t properties, 1402t Thermoplastic polyurethanes, 1654 electronic structure, 336t 3,4,5,6-Tetrachloro-1,2-benzoquinone, physical Thermoresponsive materials, 1485 interatomic distance, 342t properties, 1402t Thermoset, 1610 ionic crystal radius, 341t Tetracycline, year of discovery, 130t Thermoset polyurethanes, 1654 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Tetracycline antibiotics, 129–131 Thermosiphon reboiler, 760 principal characteristics, 328t Tetradecabromo-diphenoxybenzene, flame retardant, Therm (thm), 1645t Tellurium [CAS: 13494–80–9], 1597–1598 640t Thiacarbocyanine, sensitizer for semiconductors, Tellurium-copper, 439t Tetradecane, physical properties, 47t 535t Telomerization reactions, 1598 Tetradecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t Thiamides, 74 Telomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Tetradecanol, physical properties, 47t Thiamine, 1610–1611 Temperature, 1598 1-Tetradecene, physical properties, 1150t constituent of human blood, 242t Temperature scales and standards, 1598–1599 Tetradymite, 1603 Thiapyrylium dyes, sensitizer for semiconductors, Temperature-swing adsorption, 40 Tetraethylenepentamine, physical properties, 483t 535t Temperature transfer standard, 1599 Tetragonal crystal system, crystallographic elements, Thiiranes, monomer reactivity and suitable initiator Tenacity, 1599 455t for, 838t Tencel, 622t Tetrahedrite, 1603 Thin, 1611 Teniposide, topoisomerase interactive, 357t Tetrahydroaluminates, 65 Thin film photovoltaics, 1300 Tenorite, 1599 Tetrahydrofolic acid, 668 Thin films, 1611–1613 Tensile strength, 1599–1600 Tetrahydrofuran, physical properties, 587t Thin-layer chromatography (TLC), 1613 Tensiometer, 1600 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene, physical properties, Thinner, 1613 Tension test, 1600 1231t Thiobencarb, environmental health advisories, 771t Tentoxin, activity and producing organism, 128t Tetramethylammonium superoxide, 1580 Thiocyanic acid [CAS: 463–56–9], 1613–1614 Tera, 1643t 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, physical Thioether hydrolases, 571t Terbacil, environmental health advisories, 771t properties, 1231t Thioethers, 1614 Terbium 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxane, physical properties, Thioindigo, sensitizer for semiconductors, 535t abundance, 330t 1232t Thiolester hydrolases, 571t electronic structure, 336t 3,3,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxolane, physical Thiopeptin, activity and producing organism, 128t interatomic distance, 342t properties, 1232t Thiophene, as parent structure compound, 1090t ionic crystal radius, 341t 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyl-1,2,4,5-tetroxane, 1234t Thiophene [CAS: 110–02–1], 1614 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t 7,8,15,16-Tetraoxadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecane, 1234t Thiorphan, 92t INDEX 1827

Thiosalicylic acid, 1456 Tin Topochemical reaction, 1625 Thiostrepton, activity and producing organism, 128t abundance, 330t, 1132t Topotecan hydrochloride, topoisomerase interactive, Thiotepa, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, 356t constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t 357t Thiotepa USP, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Top quark, 1397 356t covalent radius, 344t Torbernite, 1625 Thiourea [CAS: 62–56–6], 1614 electronic structure, 336t Toth process, 1625 Third law of thermodynamics, 1606–1607 interatomic distance, 342t Tourmaline, 1625–1626 Thixotropy, 1614 ionic crystal radius, 341t hardness, 1008t Thomson, J. J., 1614 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t irradiation, 709t Thomson parabola method, 1614 principal characteristics, 328t Townsend avalanche, 1626 Thomson particle, 1614–1615 standard electrode potential, 31t Toxaphene insecticide, in hazardous waste, 1711t Thorianite, 1615 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Toxicity, 1626 Thorite, 1615 Tin base babbits, 923t Toxicology, 1626 Thorium, 23t Tin [CAS: 7440–31–5], 1616–1618 Toxic spoil, 1439t abundance, 330t, 1132t Tin electroplating, 557t Toxic Substances Control Act, 1711t active deposit, 29 Tin-lead solders, antimony content, 139t Toxline, 769t binary compound properties, 25–26t Tioguanine USP, antimetabolite, 355t Toxnet, 769t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Tiselius, Arne W. K. (1902–1971), 1619 Trace and residue analysis, 1626–1628 electronic structure, 337t Tishchenko reaction, 1619 Trace element (Micronutrient), 1628 as extender for uranium in LWRs, 1647 Tissue factor, 784 Trace mineral nutrients, 1001–1005, 1002t interatomic distance, 342t Tissue plasminogen activator, therapeutic enzyme, Tracer, 1628–1629 ionic crystal radius, 341t 574t Tracer compound, 429 oxidation states, 24t Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) Trachyte, 1629 physical properties, 24t annual sales, 222t Tragacanth gum, 748t principal characteristics, 328t unit value and relative production quantity, 232t Transactinides, 23, 24, 332–334 Thorium [CAS: 7440–29–1], 1615 Titanates, dielectric permittivity, 852t principal characteristics of elements, 328t Thorium series, 332 Titanite, 1619 Transactinium earths, 1629 Three-phase equilibrium, 1616 Titanium Transaldolase, 283 Threonine abundance, 5t, 330t, 1132t Transferases, 571t first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Transference number, 1629 manufacture, 76t covalent radius, 344t Transfer magnetoresistance, 752 in selected foods, 75t electronic structure, 336t Transferrin, source and function, 986t structural classification, 79t interatomic distance, 342t Transfer RNA, 713–714, 1125 L-Threonine, therapeutic enzyme, 574t ionic crystal radius, 341t Transition element, 1629 Thrombin, 1616 major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Transition metal, 1629 Through-circulation dryers, 509t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Transition temperature, 1629 Through hardenable steels, 58 principal characteristics, 328t Transketolase, 283 Thulite, 1779 Titanium alloys, 58 Transmissible mink encephalopathy, 1696 Thulium Titanium carbide, 763t Transmutation, 1629 abundance, 330t plasma synthesis, 318t Transport number, 1629 electronic structure, 337t Titanium [CAS: 7440–32–6], 1619–1620 Transport proteins, 1374 interatomic distance, 342t Titanium diboride, 1620 Transuranium elements, 1629 ionic crystal radius, 341t Titanium dioxide, plasma synthesis, 318t Trapped ions, 1629 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Titanium dioxide [CAS: 13463–67–7], 1621 Travertine, 1629 principal characteristics, 328t Titanium nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t Tray and compartment dryers, 509t properties, 1421t, 1422t Titration (Potentiometric), 1621–1622 Tray dryers, 509t Thulium [CAS: 7440–30–4], 1616 Titration (Thermometric), 1622 Tree fruits, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Thylakentrin, where produced, structure, and Titrimetric analysis, 94 Tremolite, 27, 149–150 principal functions, 787t Todd, Sir Alexander R. (1907–1997), 1622 physical and chemical properties, 150t Thyme oil, 647t Todorokites, 1622–1623 Tremolite [CAS: 1332–21–4], 1629 Thymol Blue, pH range and color change of Togaviruses, 1694 Trevira, 623t indicator, 825t Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, 696–697, 698 Trexan, 93t Thymolphthalein, pH range and color change of Toluene Triacetyloleandomycin, commercial products, 121t indicator, 825t biodegradable, 207t Triallate, environmental health advisories, 771t Thymolsulfonphthalein, pH range and color change combustion constants, 422t Triamcinolone, commercial microbial of indicator, 825t heating value, 686t transformations used to produce, 1550t Thyroid hormones, 785 xylenes production from, 1766 Tribasic acids, 13 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), where Toluene [CAS: 108–88–3], 1623–1625 Triboluminescence, 946t produced, structure, and principal functions, Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1624 Tribomoneopentyl alcohol, flame retardant, 640t 789t polyurethanes from, 1653, 1654, 1655 2,4,6-Tribromophenol, flame retardant, 640t Thyrotrophic hormone, where produced, structure, production, 464 Tribromophenyl allyl ether, flame retardant, 640t and principal functions, 789t Toluenesulfonic acid, 1625 Tribromostyrene, flame retardant, 640t Thyrotropic hormone, 790 p-Toluenesulfonic acid, physical properties, 1568t Tri (tert-butylperoxy)borane, physical properties, Thyrotropin, where produced, structure, and Toluenesulfonyl chloride, 1625 1232t principal functions, 789t Tolypomycins, biological activity, 108t Tricalcium phosphate, 269 Thyroxine, where produced, structure, and principal Tomography, 1761–1762 Tricarboxylic acid cycle, 1596–1597 functions, 789t Tonephin, where produced, structure, and principal Tricarcillin, year of discovery/market introduction, Tickborne encephalitis vaccine, 1660 functions, 789t 106t Tiger’s eye, heat effect, 708t Topaz, 1625 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene, dye carrier, 512t Tiger’s-eye, 307 hardness, 2t, 755t Trichloroethylene, 100t Time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry, irradiation, 709t 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl hydroperoxide, 1233t 1286 Topazolite, 705 Trickling filters, 1725 1828 INDEX

Triclinic crystal system, crystallographic elements, Tropine alkaloids, 49t Ulmin, 1635 455t Troposphere, 156 Ultimate analysis, 97 Triclopyr, environmental health advisories, 771t Trypsin, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Ultisols, 1497t ω-Tricosenoic acid, Langmuir-Blodgett films made Tryptophan Ultraaccelerators, 5 from, 1018 first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t Ultrabasic, 1635 Tridecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t manufacture, 76t Ultracentifuge, 1635 1-Tridecene, physical properties, 1150t in selected foods, 75t Ultracentrifuge, 315–316 Tridymite, 1629 structural classification, 79t Ultrafiltration, 1635–1636 crystal structure, 455 L-Tryptophanase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, 1140t Trienomycins, biological activity, 108t Tuberactinomycin N, activity and producing Ultrahigh-strength steels, 58 Triethanolamine, 587 organism, 128t Ultrahigh vacuum, 1661t Triethylenediamine, physical properties, 483t Tukon hardness scale, 756 Ultramicroscope, 1636 Triethylene glycol, physical properties, 590t Tung oil, 1671 Ultrasonic density sensors, 1637–1638 Triethylenetetramine, physical properties, 483t fatty acid composition, 507t Ultrasonic level detectors, 1638 Triethylgallium, 702 Tungstate minerals, 1012 Ultrasonic nondestructive characterization, 1638 3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,2,4,5,7,8- Tungsten Ultrasonic nondestructive testing, 1092–1093 hexoxononane, 1234t abundance, 330t, 1132t Ultrasonic pressure transducers, 1638 Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, physical properties, covalent radius, 344t Ultrasonics, 1637–1639 1568t electronic structure, 337t Ultrasonic speech, human perception, 1639 Trifluralin, environmental health advisories, 771t interatomic distance, 342t Ultrasonic thermometers, 1638 Triglycerides, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t ionic crystal radius, 341t Ultratrace mineral nutrients, 1001–1005, 1002t Trigonal crystal system, crystallographic elements, nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Ultraviolet catastrophe, 1393 455t physical properties of high temperature, 774t Ultraviolet film, 1293–1294 Trihydric alcohol, 46 principal characteristics, 328t Ultraviolet radiation, 1639–1640 Trilobine, 49t properties of refractory, 1075t Ultraviolet spectrometers, 1640–1641 Trim cooler, 760 Tungsten blues, 1633 Ultraviolet stabilizers, 1641–1642 Trimethylcarbinol, 7 Tungsten carbide, 1632 Uncertainty principle, 1642 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanone, physical properties, hardness, 755t Undecanedioic acid, physical properties, 490t 900t plasma synthesis, 318t 1-Undecene, physical properties, 1150t 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, physical Tungsten [CAS: 7440–33–7], 1631–1633 Underground storage of products and wastes, properties, 900t Tunnel dryers, 509t 1729–1730 3,5,5-Trimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one, physical Turbidimetry, 1633 United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement, 11 properties, 900t Turbulent flow, 1633–1634 Units and standards, 1642–1645 Trimethylene glycol, 46 Turquoise, 1633–1634 Universal-pressure boiler water treatment, Trimethylgallium, 702 Twinning (Crystal), 1634 1745–1746 2,6,8-Trimethyl-4-nonanone, physical properties, Twitchell process, 1634 Unphenelfamycin, formula and producing organism, 900t Twitchell’s reagent, 1634 116t Trimethylolethane, polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t Tylenol, 93t Unresisted expansion, 34 Trimethylolpropane, polyol for alkyd synthesis, 53t Tyndall, John (1820–1839), 1634 Unsaturated compound, 429 Trimethylolpropane adduct, commercial polyether Tyndall cone, 1636 Unsaturated fats, 1671 polyol, 1654t Tyndall effect, 1634 Unsaturated fatty acids, 1671t 1,2,7-Trimethyl xanthine, 50 Type metals, antimony content, 139t UOP Sorbex, 41 Trimetrexate, antimetabolite, 355t Tyril-880, 21t Up quark, 1397 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene, 1082 Tyrocidines, activity and producing organism, 128t Upsilon particle, 1645–1646 pH range and color change of indicator, 825t Tyrosinase Uralite, 1646 2,4,7-Trinitrofluorenone, sensitizer for metal chelate enzyme, 323t Urandium-radium series, 332 semiconductors, 535t source and function, 986t Uranine (CI 45350), 1756 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, physical properties, 1081t L-Tyrosinase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Uraninite, 1646 Trinitrotoluene (TNT), physical properties, 1081t Tyrosine Uranium, 23t 1,2,4-Trioxolane, boiling point, 1235t first isolation and isoelectric point, 78t abundance, 330t, 1132t 1,1,3-Triphenylguanidine, 747t manufacture, 76t active deposit, 29 1,2,3-Triphenylguanidine, 747t in selected foods, 75t binary compound properties, 25–26t Triphenylmethane and related dyes, 1629–1631 structural classification, 79t electronic structure, 337t Triphosphoric monoester hydrolases, 571t Tyrosine kinase receptors, 1272 interatomic distance, 342t Triphylite, 1631 Tyrosinemia, genetic influence, 716 ionic crystal radius, 341t Triple bond, 1631 Tyrothricin isotope separation, 1649–1650 Triple bonds, 346 activity and producing organism, 128t oxidation states, 24t Triple point, 1631 year of discovery/market introduction, 106t physical properties, 24t Tripoli, abrasive properties, 745t Tyuyanunite, 1634 principal characteristics, 328t Tripolite, 1631 purification, 863t Trisaccharides, 279t Uranium carbides, 1648 Tris-dibromopropylisocyanurate, flame retardant, U Uranium [CAS: 7440–61–1], 1646–1650 640t 234U, 1646 Uranium chlorides, 1649 Trisilanyl, 1477 235U, 1646, 1649–1650 Uranium enrichment, 566, 1649–1650 Trisilanylene, 1477 238U, 1646, 1649–1650 Uranium hexafluoride, 1649 Trisodium phosphate, 1492 U73,975, DNA interactive agent, 357t Uranium oxides, 1648 Triterpenoids, 1601 Ugrandite, 1635 Uranium spent-fuel reprocessing, 1647 Tritium, 1631 Uintahite, 1635 Uranyl peroxide, 1648 Trivial name, 1631 UK-68,597, producing organism, 118t Urate, target of medical diagnostic test, 975t tRNA, 713–714, 1125 UK-69,753, formula and producing organism, 116t Urea Troctolite, 701 UK-72,051, producing organism, 118t constituent of human blood, 242t Tropine, 49t Ulexite, 1635 in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t INDEX 1829

as parent structure compound, 1090t Van Der Waals, Johannes Diderik (1837–1923), Vinyl chloride target of medical diagnostic test, 975t 1668 definitely established workplace carcinogen, 297t Urea-ammonium orpthophosphate, 1652 Van der waals equation, 1667–1668 physical properties, 366t Urea-ammonium polyphosphate, 1652 Van der waals forces, 1668 Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymers, Urea [CAS: 57–13–6], 1650–1652 Van der Waals radius, 340 ultrafiltration media application, 1635 Urea cycle abnormalities, genetic influence, 716 Vanillin [CAS: 121–35–5], 1668–1669 Vinyl chloride [CAS: 75–01–4], 1682–1685 Ureaform, 1652–1653 Vanillin sugar, 1669 Vinyl chloride polymers, 1685–1688 Urea-formaldehyde resin, production methods for Van’t Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus (1852–1911), 1669 Vinyl cyanide, 20 cellular, 664t Van’t Hoff equation, 1669 Vinyl ester polymers, 1687–1689 Urea-formaldehyde resins, 1653 Van’t Hoff law, 1669 Vinyl ether monomers and polymers, 1689–1690 Urease, 1653 Vapor, 1669–1670 Vinyl ethers, polymerization, 1689–1690 Urech cyanohydrin method, 1653 Vapor density, 1670 Vinyl formamide, 1680 Urech hydantoin synthesis, 1653 Vapor heat exchanger, 760 Vinylidene chloride, physical properties, 1691t Urena, 632t Vaporization, 1670 Vinylidene chloride copolymers Urethane [CAS: 51–79–6], 1653 Vaporization (Heat of), 1670 diffusion and solubility coefficients for oxygen Urethane polymers, 1653–1656 Vapor pressure, 1670 and carbon dioxide, 173t Urethane sealants, 1462 Variable (Process), 1670 gas permeability, 172t Urey, Harold C. (1894–1981), 1656 Varicella vaccine, 1659 permeation of flavor/aroma compounds, 174t Uric acid Variolite, 1670 water-vapor transmission rate, 173t constituent of human blood, 242t Varnish, 1670–1671 Vinylidene chloride monomer and polymers, in 24 hour urine sample, 1657t Var (var), 1645t 1691–1693 and purine metabolism, 1382 Vasicine, 49t Vinylidene cyanide, monomer reactivity and suitable Uricase, metal chelate enzyme, 323t Vasoconstrictine, where produced, structure, and initiator for, 838t Urine, 1656–1657 principal functions, 786t N-Vinylimides, preparation, 1680 Urokinase, therapeutic enzyme, 574t Vasophysin, where produced, structure, and principal Vinyl ketones, monomer reactivity and suitable Uronic acid, 1657 functions, 789t initiator for, 838t Uteracon, where produced, structure, and principal Vasopressin, where produced, structure, and N-Vinyllactams, 1680 functions, 788t principal functions, 789t Vinyl polymerization, 1181, 1341 Uvarovite, 705, 1635 Vasotonin, where produced, structure, and principal Vinylpyrrolidinone, 1680 functions, 786t N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone, preparation, 1680 Vat dyes, 512t, 517–518 Vinyl resins, alkyd resins with, 54 applications, 519 Vinyltoluene, 1625 V dyeing process, 521–522 Viral replication, 1694 Vaccine technology, 1659–1661 Vegetable fibers, 631–633 Viral vaccination, 1696–1697 Vacuum, 1661–1665 Vegetable oils (Edible), 1671–1674 Virginiamycin M , activity and producing organism, Vacuum carburizing, 763t 1 Vegetables, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t 128t Vacuum deposition, 1665 Vegetable waxes, 1746–1747 Viridogrisein, activity and producing organism, 128t Vacuum distillation, 1665 Velban, tubulin interactive, 358t Virion, 1693 Vacuum electronics, 1017 Vepesid, topoisomerase interactive, 357t Virtanen, Arrturi I. (1895–1973), 1693 Vacuum flasher, 1255 Verdigris, 6 Virus, 1693–1697 Vacuum measurement, 1663–1665 Verdoflavin, 1699 Viscoelasticity, 1697 Vacuum pumps, 1662–1663 Vermiculite, insulation material, 857 Viscometer (or Viscosimeter), 1697 Vacuum rotary dryers, 509t Vernolate, environmental health advisories, 771t Viscose process, 1697 Vacuum tray dryers, 509t Vertisols, 1497t Viscose rayon, fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Valence, 345–346, 1665 Very high vacuum, 1661t Viscosimeter, 1697 Valine Very large scale integration, 1017 Viscosity, 1697 first isolation and isoelectric point, 77t Very low density polyethylene, 1140t Viscosity measurement, 1443 manufacture, 76t Vesuvianite, 1674 Visible spectrochemical analysis, 1531 in selected foods, 75t Vetiver oil, 647t Vitamin, 1697–1698 structural classification, 79t Vibramycin, year of discovery, 130t Vitamin A, 1697, 1697–1699 synthesis from products of carbohydrate Vibrating-tray dryers, 509t constituent of human blood, 242t metabolism, 282t Vibratory feeder, 605 loss from food operations, 1698t Valinomycin, activity and producing organism, 128t Vibrio comma, gram-negative, 168t Vitamin B1, 1610–1611, 1697 Vanadate minerals, 1012 Vicalloy II, thin-film applications, 958t loss from food operations, 1698t Vanadinite, 1665 Vickers hardness scale, 756 Vitamin B2, 1697 Vanadium Vinblastin sulfate USP, tubulin interactive, 358t loss from food operations, 1698t abundance, 330t, 1132t Vincristin sulfate USP, tubulin interactive, 358t Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), 1699–1700 biologically active chelates, 323t Vindesine sulfate, tubulin interactive, 358t Vitamin B6, 1697 covalent radius, 344t Vinegar, 1674–1675 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine), 1700–1701 electronic structure, 336t Vinegar acid, 6 Vitamin B12, 1697 interatomic distance, 342t Vineger eels, 1675 constituent of human blood, 242t ionic crystal radius, 341t Vinorelbine, tubulin interactive, 358t Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), 1701–1703 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Vinyl acetal polymers, 1675–1676 Vitamin B complex, 1697 physical properties of high temperature, 774t Vinyl acetate Vitamin C, 151–152, 756 principal characteristics, 328t physical properties, 585t, 1677t loss from food operations, 1698t in representative U.S. crude oils, 1242t polymerization, 1676–1678 Vitamin D, 1697, 1703–1704 in representative world crude oils, 1243t Vinyl acetate polymers, 1676–1678 in milk, 1001 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1005 Vinyl alcohol-methyl methacrylate copolymers, 1679 Vitamin D2, constituent of human blood, 242t Vanadium [CAS: 7440–62–2], 1665–1667 Vinyl alcohol polymers, 1678–1679 Vitamin D-resistant rickets, genetic influence, 716 Vanadium hydride, physical properties, 796t N-Vinylamide polymers, 1680–1682 Vitamin E, 1697, 1705–1706 Vanadium nitride, plasma synthesis, 318t N-Vinylamides, preparation, 1680 constituent of human blood, 242t Vancomycin, producing organism, 118t Vinylcaprolactam, 1680 Vitamine, 1697 1830 INDEX

Vitamin G, 1699 Water treatment, 1722–1724 Wool-acrylic fiber blends, dyeing, 525 Vitamin K, 1697, 1706–1707 Water treatment (Boiler), 1738–1746 Wool-cellulosic fiber blends, dyeing, 525 Vitamins Waterwall incinerators, 1718 Wool-nylon fiber blends, dyeing, 525 loss in food processing, 1697–1698, 1698t Waterworks, 1722 Wool-polyester fiber blends, dyeing, 525 relationship of hormones to, 786–789t Watson, James Dewey (1928–), 1746 Woolwax, 1747 Vitreous enamels, 560–561 Watthour (Wh), 1645t Wrought ferrous metals, 58 Vitreous silica, hardness, 2t Watt per meter Kelvin (W/m*K), 1645t Wrought iron, 1752 Vitreous state, 1707 Watt per steradian square meter (W/Sr*m2), 1645t Wrought nickel, 1071t Vitrophyre, 1708 Watt per steradian (W/sr), 1645t Wulfenite, 1752–1753 Vivianite, 1708 Watt (W), 1645t Wurtz-Fittig-Frankland¨ reaction, 1753 Voids, 1708 Wavellite, 1746 Wurtzite, 1753 Volatile, 1708 Waxes, 1746–1749 Wurzite, crystal structure, 455 Volatile oils, 1708 use in food processing, 671t Volatile organic compounds, 1708 Weber (Wb), 1645t Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), in acid rain, 9 Weed management agents, 772 X Volatility product, 1708 Weerman degradation, 1749 Xalstocite, 1755 Voltaic cell, 1708 Weighting agent, 1749 Xanthan gum, 1755 Voltampere (VA), 1645t Weightlessness, 740 Xanthates, 1755–1756 Voltaren, 93t Weldalite, 70 Xanthene dyes, 1756 Volt (V), 1645t Werner, A. (1866–1919), 1749 Xanthic acids, 1755 Volume fraction, 1038 Wessely-Moser rearrangement, 1749 Xanthine oxidase Volume (Standard), 1708 Wetting agent, 1749 metal chelate enzyme, 323t Volumetric analysis, 94 Wheat, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t source and function, 986t Volumetric feeder, 605–606 Whey, 1000 Xanthylium, 1756 von Gierke’s disease, genetic influence, 716 White glue, 33 Xenoblast, 1757 Vulcanization, 1450–1451, 1708 White iron pyrites, 871t Xenocryst, 1757 Wichterle reaction, 1749 Xenolith, 1757 Widman-Stoermer synthesis, 1749 Xenomorphic, 1757 W Wieland, Heinrich O. (1877–1957), 1749 Xenon Wacker reaction, 1709 Wigner force, 1749 abundance, 330t, 1132t Wad, 1709 Wigner nuclides, 1749 electronic structure, 336t Wagner-Jauregg reaction, 1709 Wilkinson, Geoffrey (1921–1996), 1749 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Wagner-Meerwin rearrangement, 1709 Willemite, 1749 percentage in air, 46t Waksman, Selman A (1888–1973), 1709 Willgerodt reaction, 1749 principal characteristics, 328t Walden inversion, 1424, 1709 Williamson synthesis, 1749 Xenon 133, 1757 Wallach, Otto (1847–1931), 1709 Willstater, Richard (1872–1942), 1749 Xenon 135, 1757 Wallboard, 750 Wilson’s disease, genetic influence, 716 Xenon [CAS: 7440–63–3], 1757 Walnut oil, fatty acid composition, 507t Wilzbach procedure, 1749 Xenon platinum hexafluoride, 1757 Walnuts, susceptibility to iron deficiency, 874t Windaus, Adolf (1876–1959), 1750 Xenon tetrafluoride, 1757 Waspaloy, 58 Wine-making, 1767 Xenotime, 1771 Waste-heat boiler, 760 Winterizing, oils, 1671 Xenotropic, 1757 Wastes and energy sources, 1717–1718 Wiping solder, 923t Xi particle, 1758 Wastes and pollution, 1709–1716 Witherite, 1750 X-ray, 1758 Wastewater treatment, 1724–1725 Wittig, George (1897–1987), 1750 X-ray analysis, 1758–1761 dyeing effluents, 527t Wittig reaction, 1750 X-Ray analyzer, electron-microprobe, 1759–1760 Water, 1718–1726 Wohl degradation, 1750 X-ray cat scanner (CAT), 1761–1762 absolute index, 1426t Wohler,¨ Friedrich (1800–1882), 1750 X-ray computed tomography, 1092 combustion constants, 422t Wohler¨ synthesis, 1750 X-ray crystallography, 1759 constituent of human blood, 242t Wohlwill process, 1750 X-ray detectors, 1759, 1760 content in saturated air, 46t Wolffenstein-Boters reaction, 1750 X-ray fluorescence analysis, 1760–1761 density, 474t Wolff-Kishner reaction, 1750 X-ray generation, 1759 in human body, 1720–1721 Wolff rearrangement, 1750 X-rays, gemstone irradiation, 708t mass peaks and relative intensities, 973t Wolframite, 1750–1751 X-ray scan and other medical imagery, 1761–1763 measurement of vapor by NDIR analysis, 837t Wollastonite, 1751 X-ray spectral lines, 1758–1759 percent content of air at various temperatures Wood, 1751 Xylem, 1751 and altitudes, 157t excess air for combustion, 426t Xylene specific heat at constant pressure, 757t Wood burning, 1718 biodegradable, 207t standard electrode potential, 31t Wood dust, definitely established workplace combustion constants, 422t thermal conductivity, 758t carcinogen, 297t from toluene, 1625 vapor transmission rate in barrier polymers, 173t Woodell’s hardness scale, 2t m-Xylene in vertebrates, 1719–1720 Wood fiber, insulation material, 857 manufacture, 1765–1766 Water deficiency, 1721 Wood preservative, 1751–1752 physical properties, 1763t, 1766t Water (Hard), 1726 Wood pulp production and processing, 1379–1382 o-Xylene Water intoxication, 1721 Wood’s metal, 923t manufacture, 1765–1766 Water of constitution, 794 bismuth in, 238t physical properties, 1763t, 1766t Water pollution, 1726–1734 Woodward, Robert B. (1917–1979), 1752 p-Xylene Water-reducible alkyds, 54 Woodward-Hoffmann rules, 1752 liquid-phase adsorption, 41 Water resources, 1735–1736 Wool, 1752 manufacture, 1765–1766 Water softening, 1723 dyeing, 522 physical properties, 1763t, 1766t Water-soluble polymers, 1350, 1736–1738 fiber-dye property requirements, 521t Xylene [CAS: 1330–20–7], 1763 Water table, 1735 generic designation and definition, 624t Xylene isomerization, 1766 Water treatment lagoons, 1725 physical properties of staple, 626t Xylene polymers, 1763–1765 INDEX 1831

Xylenes and ethylbenzene, 1765–1766 composition, 1034t Zinc chloride, wood preservative, 1752 p-Xylylene (PX), 1763–1765 pore structure, 41t Zinc chloride cell, cell reactions, energy content, and Zeolite minerals, 1034 manufacturers, 179t Zeolite omega Zinc-chlorine cell, 183 Y composition, 1034t Zinc coating, 1775 YAG and YIG, 1767 preparation, 1035t Zinc cyanide, EPA pretreatment standard for Yard waste, in municipal waste, 1714t Zeolites, 65, 1033–1036 aqueous discharge, 985t Yeasts and molds, 1767–1770 for gas adsorption, 39t Zinc die-casting alloys, 1775–1776 Yellow brass, 440t for liquid adsorption, 41t Zinc electroplating, 557t hardness of annealed and cold-rolled, 755t for liquid-phase adsorption, 41 Zinc fluoride, 1776 Yellow fever virus, 1694 Zeolite X Zinc hydroxide, 1776 Yellow gold, 736 composition, 1034t Zinc (In Biological Systems), 1777–1778 Yellow quark, 1397 preparation, 1035t Zincite, 1778 Yield strength, 784 Zeolite Y Zinc-manganese dioxide cell, 184t Ylang ylang, 647t composition, 1034t Zinc-mercuric oxide cell, 184 Yohimbine, 49t preparation, 1035t Zinc metalloenzymes, 1777–1778 Ytterbium Zeolite ZSM-5 Zinc nitride, 1776 abundance, 330t composition, 1034t Zinc oxide, 1776 electronic structure, 337t pore structure, 41t plasma synthesis, 318t interatomic distance, 342t preparation, 1035t Zinc oxycarbonate, 1776 ionic crystal radius, 341t Zerevitinov determination, 1773 Zinc-oxygen cell, 189 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Zero-order reaction, 1773 Zinc peroxide, 1776 principal characteristics, 328t Zero point energy, 1773 Zinc phosphide, 1776 properties, 1421t, 1422t Zeroth law of thermodynamics, 1605–1606 Zinc poisoning, 1778 Ytterbium [CAS: 7440–64–4], 1770 Zeta potential, 1773 Zinc selenide, 1776 Ytterbium orthoferrite, 1770 role in dyeing, 520 Zinc-silver oxide cell, 184t Yttrium Ziegler, Karl (1898–1973), 1774 Zinc spinel, 701 abundance, 330t, 1132t Ziegler catalyst, 1773–1774 Zinc spraying, 703 covalent radius, 344t Ziegler method, 1774 Zinc stearate, as release agent, 1435t electronic structure, 336t Ziegler-Natta catalysts, 1148–1149 Zinc sulfide, 1776 interatomic distance, 342t Ziegler-Natta polymerization, 1774 Zinc telluride, 1776 ionic crystal radius, 341t Ziegler process, 1774 Zinostatin, activity and producing organism, 128t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Zimmermann reaction, 1774 Zircon, 1778 principal characteristics, 328t Zinc heat effect, 708t properties, 1421t, 1422t abundance, 330t, 1132t physical properties, 1428t Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), 1767, 1771 biologically active chelates, 323t Zirconia, dielectric permittivity, 852t Yttrium carbide, 1771 constituent of human plasma or serum, 244t Zirconium Yttrium [CAS: 7440–65–5], 1770–1771 corrosion resistant alloys, 446t abundance, 330t Yttrium halides, 1771 covalent radius, 344t corrosion resistant alloys, 446t Yttrium hydroxide, 1771 electronic structure, 336t covalent radius, 344t Yttrium iron garnet (YIG), 1767, 1771 interatomic distance, 342t electronic structure, 336t Yttrium nitrate, 1771 ionic crystal radius, 341t interatomic distance, 342t Yttrium oxalate, 1185 nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t ionic crystal radius, 341t Yttrium oxide, 1771 plant micronutrient, 613t nuclides (isotopes and isobars), 331t Yttrium peroxide, 1771 plant micronutrient deficiencies, soils of U.S., principal characteristics, 328t 616t Zirconium [CAS: 7440–67–7], 1778–1779 principal characteristics, 328t Zirconium dioxide, plasma synthesis, 318t Z Zinc acetate, 6 Zirconium hexafluoride, 1779 Zanosar, DNA alkylating/cross-linking agent, Zinc-air cell, 184–185, 189 Zirconium nitride, 1779 356t Zinc alloys, 58 plasma synthesis, 318t Zeeman, Erik Christopher (1925–), 1773 Zinc arsenate, wood preservative, 1752 Zirconium oxide, 1779 Zeeman effect, 1773 Zincblende, crystal structure, 455 Zircon porcelain, 1358 Zeisberg concentrator, 1773 Zinc-bromine cell, 183 Zoisite, 1779 Zeisel reaction, 1773 cell reactions and energy content (in heat effect, 708t Zeolite A development), 180t Zoladex, hormonal therapy, 358t composition, 1034t Zinc [CAS: 7440–66–6], 1774–1776 Zone refining, 1779–1780 pore structure, 41t major sources of industrial minerals, 1011t Zsigmondy, Richard (1865–1929), 1780 preparation, 1035t standard electrode potential, 31t Zsigmondy reagent, 1780 Zeolite group, 1773 trace mineral nutrient, 1002t, 1004 Zwitterion, 1780 Zeolite L water quality indicator, 1726 Zymolytic reaction, 1780