CHAPTER -III PROFILE OF DISTRICT

3.1 Historical Background 3.2 Geographical Information 3.3About Nashik 3.40ccupational structure in Nashik 3.5 Population Density of Nashik 3.6 Map of

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 61 CHAPTER -in PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT

Introduction :- As other districts of has some famous Historical places in the same manner.The Nashik is known for pilgrimage village as historical evidence is very vast stories are there even pandvas were residing in Nashik so it has all evidences in every field. Historically it is strong, ancient times it known for tribal belt of Sayadri Mountains socially, politically, industrial and even it is called by name wine Hub. As we all know that now Nashik District is called as wine capital of .

3.1 Historical Background: According to archaeologists is is from 1500-lOOObc to 5000bc firstlyfrom ancient period it was known bydifferent names like padmadnagar janasthan mugal renamed it as Gulshanabad the Nashik got thename as its origin is story of Ramayana laxmana servered the nose (Nashika) it is holy place and pilgrimage centre known for both rama (Nashik) shiva (TRIMBAKESHWAR).the Nashik was reued by many rulers the Maratha regime occupied key position i Nashik after Marathas it was ruled bymusulim and came under rule of british inl818. At the time district was partly distributed in kandesh and . The great leader virsarvarkar is from Nashik who revolt against British. During Britishers the Nashik deolalicamp was head quarter training centre of defence even the airforce services were rendered at the time of British regime. In the post independence Nashik develop as one of leading district of Maharashtra. Development in occupation has increased as agriculture to nearby market so development boosted for industry Nashik is industrialist and agriculturist dietrict of Maharashtra developing very fast. Nashik city has its own personality due to its mythological, historical, social and cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks of the . Nashik is also know as " Kashi of South " due to it's historical and mythological significance. Nashik was inhabited since Stone Age as discovered by archeologists. Later Aryan sage Agastv stayed at Nashik on the banks of river Godavari. Lord Ram and Sita spent considerable time at Nashik. Nashik was then known as Padmapur. Pandavas also spent some years at Nashik. During

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 62 Mogal rule, Nashik district was known as "Gulshanabad". In 1751, it was named as "Nashik". The famous Kumbha is held after every 12 years at Nashik. Nashik is also famous for the Annual Fair of Infant Jesus. Nashik is also known for holy place. The holy place like Tryambakeshwar and Goddess fort is in Nashik district. The biggest Govt, organizations like Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd., Air Force Station, Artillery Centre, Currency Note Press, Indian Security Press and Thermal Power Station are located in Nashik District. In 1980's Nashik chapter of MIDC was setup by Government for developing industrial zones in Nahisk. Climatic condition and geographical location of Nahisk has been very helpful for development of various industries in Nashik. For Industrial development of Mahai-ashatra, Government of Maharashatra had formed an organization called "MIDC" (Maharashatra Industrial Development Corporation) in August 1962. Aim of this organization was to set and provide basic infrastructure facilities for all industries at minimum affordable rates in all districts of Maharashatra. Some people of Nashik shared this dream and started working towards the industrialization of Nashik. These people were mostly those who had participated in the freedom struggle. Initiative and efforts of such people resulted in the Government acceptance of the proposal for an industrial estate in Nashik. First industrial estate NICE (Nashik Industrial Co-operative Estate) was formed in the co-operative sector in 1962. In the same year, Maharashtra State government also responded by declaring MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation). Industrial Estate is at Satpur village, 7 km from Nasik. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited established unit for production of MIG fighters at Ozar, a village 20 km from Nasik. This production facility in public sector was established in collaboration with the then U.S.S.Rin 1964. In 1967 SICOM (State Investment Corporation of Maharashtra) adapted Nasik as its growth centre. All these events brought Nasik on the industrial map of India. Forming an industrial estate was one thing and attracting investments another. NICE had to undertake the arduous task of attracting entrepreneurs. Local residents, traders and professionals, having no experience in industrial production were convinced and pursued to put money in new ventures. In 1960 Satpur was a small village without even a post office, telephone or electricity. Constructing buildings, roads and other infrastructure proved a Herculean task for the pioneering entrepreneurs. Next on the agenda of NICE was an effort to attract large private sector investment preferably with international collaboration. NICE was rewarded in its efforts when MICO (German multinational) and ABB (Swedish multinational) established their production units. The industry that came to Nasik was mostly engineering, electrical and

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 63 pharmaceutical.Thermal power plant at Eklahra near Nasik Road greatly contributed to the power demand of industries. The success of Satpur MIDC creates demand for additional Industrial plots. In 1980 MIDC declared second industrial estate at Ambad, a village located on -Nasik road, 10 km from Nasik. All plots in this industrial area are occupied today. NICE has also developed special plots for Women's co-operative and a building with small workshops for women entrepreneurs. Special premises are also donated for the training and production facilities for mentally handicapped persons. Co-operation and support of industry to various local welfare institutes has given a boost to many social schemes. Success of NICE and NIMA (Nasik Industrial Manufacturers Association) at Satpur and Ambad was repeated at , a small town 22 km from Nasik. A co-operative industrial estate developed by local initiative in 1982 was followed by formation of MIDC Industrial area at Sinnar in 1988. This area is in the process of development. Additional Sinnar area is being developed as a Mega Industrial estate with state of the art facilities. Trans-national industrial companies are invited to locate their production centres here. Global, experienced development agencies are also invited to plan and execute the project. Residential township will be developed along with this. Sinnar was once famous for its Bidies (type of hand rolled tobacco stick). Today it is planning for the future high tech industries. Now other industrial areas arc also added. Nashik today is one of the fastest growing cities of India and has even been identified as a tier-2 metro. The city's economy is driven chiefly by the engineering and manufacturing industry (which has been around since the seventies) as well as the progressive agriculture in area surrounding the city.

Few Successful Projects within MIDC area: *) Mahindra & Mahindra *)MICO( Bosch) *) Crompton Ltd. *) Siemens Ltd. *) Jindal Polyfilms *) Jindal Saw pipes Ltd. *) Atlas Copco Ltd. *) Glaxo Smithkline Pharma Ltd. *) Graphite Vicarb Ltd.

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 64 *) Schneider Electricals. *) Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. *)Ventura Textile Ltd. *) Jyoti Structures Ltd. *) Mahindra Sona Ltd. *) Blue Cross Lab Ltd. *) Hindustan Hardy spicer Ltd. *) Seagram Distillers Ltd. *) WNS Systems *) EPCOS India Ltd. *) Indian Tools *) Taparia Tools *) Innova Rubber Ltd. *) Reliable Group of Industries *) McDowell Ltd. *) Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. *) CEAT Ltd. *) MATRIX Laboratories Ltd. *)Kishco Cutlery Ltd. *) C&M Hatcheries Ltd. *) XLO India Ltd. *)BCL Forging Ltd. *) Gabriel Ltd. *) SWIFTS Ltd. *) ABB Ltd. *) Perfect Circle Victor Ltd. *) Amagic Holographic Systems ( Taiwanese Group) And many more big projects Since last 6-8 years, industrial development has picked up the speed, particularly after declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate on 2700 ha. Land in Sinnar block. Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation approves new industrial estate on Jun 20, 2013.Suresh Mali, the president of Ambad Industries & Manufacturers' Association (AIMA), also supports this news.

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasbik District 65 Now Nasik is an important city of Maharashtra, economically and socially the most highly developed state in India. Geographical proximity to Mumbai (Economic capital of India) has influenced its growth in post independence years. Developments of past two decades have completely transformed this traditional pilgrimage centre into a vibrant modem metropolis and Nasik is poised to become a metropolis with global links. New Nasik has come forward out of the dreams, hard work and enterprising spirit of local and migrant people. Development of multiple economic activities in and around Nasik has this common theme of people's initiative and actions, spirit of constant learning and innovating through experiences of regional, national and global sources and experimentation. The spirit of adventure can be traced to the mythology of Lord Rama who chose the riverbanks of Godavari, the present Nasik, as his home in exile. Nasik thus became a city of pilgrimage and acquired the status of Benaras of South India.

3.2 Geographical/Physical Information Physiography region is divided in to three divisions, 1 .Western Region - Tribal belt ( ,peth,trimbakeshwar) 2 .Central Region- Baglan, , Devla, Dindori 3 .Eastern Region- Malegoan, Nandgoan, A) Western Rerion - In the western region the edge of sahyadri's decan plateau which covers major part of tribal belt Surgana, Peth,Trinbakeshwar. The height of these ranges 200 to 600 m towards west and they are dissected valleys by streams flowing toward west.The forest area lie in this part of the district it covers 3.20.668 hec which is 20.5% of the geophraphical area.The talulas like peth surgana, kkalwan dindori have maximum forest area Teak,Sissov trees are found in this area. B) Central Region- This area is covered by hills it ranges from north to east and west to east direction from which include Baglan, Kalwan,devala, North it has chanwad, and dindori west it has Nashik and south it has igatpuri .The hilly area of these ranges are towards north and the height of these ranges are 1300 in west it decreases to 710 meter towards east near galan fort. C) east region- the height of this pleatue varies toward east from 400 to 600meters This area covers 59% Malegoan, nandgoan, niphad, yelva, - stretches toward east from Nashik and igatpuri tahsils and even highest peak is in this region (1646 meter) it is higest in Maharashtra.

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashili District 66 3.3 About Nashik 3.3(a) Peaks in Nashik There are famous peak like mangi-tungi (1331 meter altidue) it is one of the higest peak the parallel range is -Mular selbari pass which lies toward east. Sathmala-chanwad it lies west to southeast having higest peak dhap (1451 meter), saptashring peak (1420 Meter) Indari (1410) and chanwad (1217) in the south it has Ankia and tanki (960 meter) Higest peak of Maharashtra it is in Nashik.

3.3 (b) Rivers in Nashik There are three main river in Nashik Godavari, Girana, Vaitarana. The water is divided between these rivers . The tgodvari and its tributaries flow towards the south the main two rivers godvari and girina the tributaries of godvari river flow from satmala-chanvad ranges in north darana flows to south the river Godavari is main important river in this part of study region its origin is (12IOmeter) in Brahmagri it total length is 111 kilometer it covers 74 kilometer distance to dindori part of hilly and highly iriigated area.

3.3 (c) Soils The soil isn very fertile and more or less it is uniform it has four types of soil Red, Brown, Loam, Black, (A) Red soil- exist in surgana,peth, trimbeakweshwar, igatpuri it is rich and organic soil. (B) Loam soil- exist in hilly area dinsori,east part of trimbeakeswar,central eastern part of Nashik, niphad, kalwan, baglan. (C) Black soil- Mostly this type of soil id found near river of godvari bank . (D) Yellow or Brown soil- south east part of Nashik ,chanvad, sinnar, nandgoan, yela, malgeoan.

3.3 (d) Forest Forest covers( 3343.5) squarekilometer and reserved forest (2,920.7 kilometer) and protected forest (245,45 Sq kilometre) and unclosed forest (173.32 kilometer) The timber and fuel wood covered forest area is (928.88)the study refion is sourounded by three ranges from east to west the forest distribution is not uniform surgana occupies more than 40% of forest, peithkalwan trimbakeshwar is also have 30-40% of fotest and hilly areas the tropical and

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 67 deciduous forest found in Baglan,Dindori,Nashik, Igatpuri Chanvad they have less than 10% of forest.

3.3 (e) Climate Climate of this region is divided in to again four types- , monsoon, post mosson winter, summer. The maximum temp during year is 35 centigrated minium 180 centigrated the maximum tempwtrature is found in april to June and lowest in July august minimum lowest in December to January (7to 10 centigrate) this is coldest month .Post monsoon experience cold in winter and dry in summer season.

3.3 (f) RainfaU There is considerable varitiations in rainfall sometime it decreases from west to east and mostly heavly rainfall in hilly regions that is tribal belt that is surgana, peth, trimbakeshwar winds are generally modereate.

3.4 Occupational structure: The important occupation of the district is agriculture more then 60% of the people are changed in this. Other are engaed in live stock,forest fishing manufacturing after agriculture industries have set nearby area and even Nashik is progressing in commerce and trade.Sugarfactories as the sugar cane procided major impetus for the growth of agriculture and due to this sugar industries cooperatives culture has been develop. There are six sugar factories in the district. Even onions constitute major crop in and is majorplace of trading for the domestic sale is done in Pimpalgaon market. The lasalgaon is biggest treading house in Asia The grapes are exported from India re from Nashik. 100 grape units which are exporting grapes and floriculture is very recent development in Nashik districts.

3.5 Population density of Nashik: The Population of Nashik has been increasing the census shows the increase in the population 2001 the population was 4,993,76 and in 2011 Nashik had 6,107,187 the female population 3,157,186 and male-2,950,001 that means population has increased by 29.66% to its population census 1991 .

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashili District 68 Density of population is 393 people persqukm and average literacy rate of Nashik compared to census 2001 it has shown an increase it was 74.36% in 2001 and in 2011 it increased and it was 82.31% this is indication that people are having awareness for education the rural population is 57.47%) and urban population it is 42.53%) which means rural population should be paid more attention for development. As per 2001 census 24%o are of tribal population among the block there are 9 blocks more than 90%) population is being rural there are 6 blockwith more than 50%) of tribal population .kokana ,Mahadev koli, bhill, thakur, katkari are leading tribes in the district. There are 13 blocks with more than 25% works as agriculture labourer kalwan, devala,dondori, peth triambakwshwar.Nashik district has 1373 gram panchayats total population of all grampanchyats was 3053446.

Sr.no Information about 2001 2011 population 1) Actual population 4,99,796 6,107,187 a) male 2,590,912 3,157,186 b) female 2,402,884 2,950,001

2) Area 15,530 15,530 Density/km2 322 393 3) Sex ratio(Pper 1000) 927 934 child 920 890 4) Average literacy rate 74.30 83.31 Male 83.65 88.17 female 64.34 76.08 5) Total child(pop0_-6) 789,398 827,935, 6) Literacy rate 3,126,188 4,345,366 Male 1,823,366 2,397,538 female 1,302,822 1,947,828

Table 3.1 Population of Nashik of two years 200 land 2011. (Source: Nashik district census 2011) From above table it is clear that population has increased from 2001 to 2011 and even male and female ratio.the population density km2 has also shows increased the

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 69 chidren sex ratio needs to be focus as it shows the rate declined. In Nashik district cultivators the total cuhivators -7,47,243 out of this the male cultivators are 4,25,089 abd female cultivators- 3,22,154 and agicculture labourers are total-4,06,687 the male labourers arel,95,579 and female agriculture labourers are 2,11,108 and even household women number -35,127 it seems the number is comparatively low the paticicpant female are more this data is according to 2001. According to district health service in Nashik numbers of institutions are as follows. PHC-Public Health centre 75 rural we have 12 that is 5% civil hospitals 30 private 21 . Adequate health service utilization rate is 64.7% the IMR-(infant mortality rate)- 62.4 and malnutrition rate -27.0 and the report of women and child has given statistist tha t in the district MMR(matemal mortality rate) 85.0(perlakh) PHC(Tribal)- 73 according to census 2011.

TRIBAL % OF TOTAL % OF TOTAL TRIBAL TEHSIL AREA POPULATION peth 3.61 7.53 develae 7.27 9.23 Nashik 12.49 20.30 surgana 17.93 31.82 igatpuri 23.38 39.05 kalwan 28.92 48.17 trimbakeshwar 34.55 57.08 chanvad 40.72 60.17 niphad 47.51 66.85 yelva 54.36 68.64 nandgoan 61.38 70.90 dindori 70.02 82.54 sinnar 78.73 85.51 baglan 88.25 94.49 malgeoan 100.00 100.00

3.2Table Cumulative percent Area and tribal population 2001 (Source: district census hand book 2001)

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 70 Table below shows the concentration of tribal population in Nashik district it shows the %of population concentration in each talukas of Nashik.It is clear that 5 block has more concentration of tribal population ie peith, dindori, surgana,kalwan,triembakeshwar.

TAHSILS YEAR (2001)

Nashik 0.41 Peith 3.88 Dindori 2.20 Surgana 3.96 Kalwan 2.75 Baglan 1.44 Malegoan 0.35 Chanvad 0.75 Nandgoan 0.48 Yelva 0.38 Niphad 0.76 Sinnar 0.51 ligatpuri 1.58 Triembakeshwar 3.26 Devela 0.69

3.3Table: tribal population concentration in Nashik district (Source: district source hand book: Nashik 2001)

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 71 3.6 Map of Nashik

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Source: map India The above map shows the district in Maharashtra the Nashik district is shown in the above map

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashili District 72 Talukas of Nashik district

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Source: Offical website of Nashik District .htm

A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 73