A Current Affair, 81 ABCA Armies' Program, 204 Abigail, Brigadier

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73592-6 - Australian Peacekeeping: Sixty Years in the Field Edited by David Horner, Peter Londey and Jean Bou Index More information

INDEX

A Current Affair, 81 African Union Mission in Sudan ABCA Armies’ Program, 204 (AMIS), 245, 247 Abigail, Brigadier Peter, 130 Aga Khan, Prince Sadruddin, 46 Abyssinia, 14 Age (newspaper), 79 Accelerated Demining Program, Agwai, General Martin, 247 232 Al Muthanna ACFID chemical weapons plant, 237–9 See Australian Council for Albania, 21 International Development Ali Mahdi Mohamed, 73 Active Learning Network for ALNAP Accountability and Performance in See Active Learning Network for Humanitarian Action (ALNAP), Accountability and Performance in 183 Humanitarian Action ADF Amir Sjarifoeddin, 19 See Australian Defence Force AMIS ADP See African Union Mission in Sudan See United Nations Accelerated Amnesty International, 96 Demining Program Anglo–French Condominium, 90 Afghanistan, 273 Angola, 37 Australians in, 55 Annan, Koﬁ, 117, 151, 248, 260, 264, mine action, 224, 226, 229–31 266, 271 See also United Nations Assistance Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention Mission in Afghanistan (Ottawa Treaty), 223, 234 See also United Nations Mine ASEAN Clearance Training Team See Association of Southeast Asian AFP Nations See Australian Federal Police Asia Regional Forum, 152 African Contingency Operations Asia–Paciﬁc Centre for Military Law, Training and Assistance program, 126, 245 254 Association of Southeast Asian Nations African Union, 245, 246, 253 (ASEAN), 121

313

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-73592-6 - Australian Peacekeeping: Sixty Years in the Field Edited by David Horner, Peter Londey and Jean Bou Index More information

314 Index

Attorney-General’s Department, 126 Australian Command and Staff Course, AusAID 125 See Australian Agency for Australian Council for International International Development Development (ACFID), 188, 190–2 Austcare, 177, 197 Australian Defence Association, 65 Australia Australian Defence College, 125 and Bougainville crisis, 95–101 Australian Defence Force (ADF), 99 and Cambodia, 61–8 and civilian monitors, 131 and community level interventions, and command and control, 125–6 99–101 and culture, 122 and League Assembly, 15 and defence of Australia, 47, 49 and Papua New Guinea, 88–9 and force structure, 118–20 and peacekeeping missions, 1, 34 and integrated approach, 126 andregionalaid,89–90 and intelligence, 122–4 and regional garrisons, 107 and mine action, 229–33 and regional neighbourhood watch, and non-government organisations, 84, 94, 107–10 173, 180, 185, 190 and Rwanda, 77–82 and peacekeeping deﬁnition, 12 and Somalia, 73–7 and peacekeeping missions, 2, 187 and South Paciﬁc Commission, 87 and regional arrangements, 120–2 and United Kingdom, 26, 43 and responsibility to protect, 117–18 and United Nations Security Council, and safety, 66, 91 44 and United Nations doctrine, 187, and United States, 26, 39, 43, 75 193 and Yugoslavia, 68–73 and United Nations mandates, effectiveness of peacekeeping 114–17 missions, 54–7 civil-military cooperation, 124–5 peacekeeping in future, 254 in Bougainville, 97, 98 Australia Group, 236 in Cambodia, 64, 66, 231 Australia’s Regional Security, 49 in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 103 Australia’s Strategic Planning in the in Rwanda, 79, 80 1990s, 57 in the Solomon Islands, 105 Australian Agency for International lessons learnt, 113–29 Development (AusAID), 99, 105, medical contingents, 81 126, 132, 133, 135, 147, 183, 188, Peacekeeping Centre, 119, 126, 144, 190, 191, 193 245 Australian Army, 34, 41, 55, 110, 234 peacekeeping skills, 113–14 in Cambodia, 64, 65 role in peacekeeping operations, 52, in Iran, 54 83 in Rhodesia, 27 training, 119–20 medical unit, 56 women in, 122 mine clearance training teams, 46, working with Australian Federal 223 Police, 119, 126–7, 149–51 size of, 149 Australian Development Assistance Australian Capital Territory Police, Bureau, 90 139 Australian Electoral Commission, 6, Australian Catholic Relief, 64 126

Index 315

Australian Federal Police (AFP), 99, predeployment contingency planning, 135, 140, 187, 193 191 and non-government organisations, Australian Labor Party, 27, 39, 43, 64 173, 180, 185, 189, 190, 192 and international politics, 39 capacity development, 150–2 and United Nations, 40 casualties, 140 Australian Peacekeeper and Peacemaker External Policing Team, 144 Veterans’ Association (APPVA), 12 history of, 139 Australian police in Bougainville, 98, 142, 143 deployments, 154 in Cambodia, 141, 143 releasing for peacekeeping, 164 in Cyprus, 143 Australian Red Cross, 144 in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 104, 139, Australian Service Medal, 231 143 Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 105 in Haiti, 141, 143 Australian War Memorial, 2 in Jordan, 143 Austria, 34 in Mozambique, 141, 143 awards, 142, 231 in Namibia, 143 in Nauru, 143 BACTEC International, 225 in the Solomon Islands, 133, 142–4 Bainimarama, Commodore Josaia in Somalia, 141, 143 Voreqe ‘Frank’, 107 in South Africa, 143 Balmaks, Captain Andris (Ziggy), 33 in Sudan, 143 Ban Ki-moon, 206 in Tonga, 143 Barnes, Captain Robert, 65 in Vanuatu, 143 Barton, Rod, 237 International Deployment Group Batley, James, 130 (IDG), 126, 127, 139, 142–6, 150, Beazley, Kim, 33, 42–4, 46–8, 92 151, 188, 220, 251 Bell, Coral, 17 lessons learnt, 147–9 Berkman, Tobias, 182, 187 Operational Response Group, 151 Bilney, Gordon, 76 personal observations, 217–20 Blair, Tony, 256 predeployment training, 139 Blewett, Neal, 70, 72 qualities brought to peacekeeping, Bosnia 146–7 mine action, 232 Thailand–Cambodia border, 143 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 69, 70 working with Australian Defence Bougainville, PNG, 273 Force, 119, 126–7, 149–51 and human rights, 96–7 Australian government Australian Federal Police in, 98, 142, and attitudes to peacekeeping, 25–8, 143 75 crisis, 95–101 and East Timor/Timor-Leste, 101, Department of Foreign Affairs and 105 Trade in, 130–2 and human security, 180–1, 190 See also Peace Monitoring Group and police, 144 (Bougainville) and United Nations doctrine, 187 See also Truce Monitoring Group approach to peacekeeping, 38–41, 52 (Bougainville) defence policy, 41–4, 57–9 See also South Paciﬁc Peacekeeping defence white papers, 41–2 Force (Bougainville)

316 Index

Bougainville crisis Cambodian Mine Action Centre and Evans, Gareth, 95–7 (CMAC), 225, 231–2, 273 Bougainville Revolutionary Army Campbell, Major D. L., 19 (BRA), 95–7 Canada, 34, 46 Boutros-Ghali, Boutros, 78 Capstone Doctrine for Peacekeeping Bowan, John, 63 Operations, 182, 186, 191 BRA CARE Australia, 61, 74–5, 76, 77, 80, See Bougainville Revolutionary Army 82 Brahimi, Lakhdar, 186 CARE International, 61, 74, 75 Brahimi Report, 142, 145, 186, 252, Carnation Revolution, 101 264 casualties, 41, 54, 125 Brashes, 70 Australian police, 140 bravery awards, 142 in Cambodia, 65, 83 Breen, Bob, 5 CCJAP Britain See Cambodia Criminal Justice See United Kingdom Assistance Project British Staff College, Camberley, 198 Central America, 38 Bruce, Stanley Melbourne, 15 centre of excellence, 189–90 buffer zones CERF in Cyprus, 139, 140, 143 See United Nations Central in Rwanda, 80 Emergency Response Fund Bulgaria, 21 Challenges Project, 245 Bulwer-Lytton, Victor, 14 Chan, Sir Julius, 90, 91, 97, 108 Burton, John, 19, 20 chemical weapons Bush, George H. W., 38, 50, 75, 256 Iraqi use of, 236 Butler, Richard, 56, 239 plant at Al Muthanna, 237–9 Button, John, 43 Chesterman, Commander Henry, 19 Byrne, Major Kevin, 30 Chiﬂey, Ben, 25 China, 15, 35, 36 Cambodia, 61–8, 273 civilian monitors and Evans, Gareth, 48, 60, 62–6, 68, and Australian Defence Force, 131 83, 199 in Bougainville, 131–2 Australian Federal Police in, 141, in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 132–3 143 in Solomon Islands, 133 mine action, 225, 231–2 women as, 131 personal observations, 197–202 civilian peacekeepers, 141 See also Cambodian Mine Action civilian police, 24, 154, 167, 250 Centre deﬁned, 154 See also United Nations Advance in Cyprus, 153, 154 Mission in Cambodia See also Australian police See also United Nations Border and military police, 128 Relief Operation, Thailand civilians See also United Nations Transitional and United Nations (UN), 266–8 Authority in Cambodia civil-military cooperation (CIMIC), Cambodia Criminal Justice Assistance 124–5, 173 Project (CCJAP), 143 CIVPOL Cambodia Year Ten, 63 See civilian police

Index 317

Clark, Suzi, 81 Dallaire, Major General Romeo,´ 78 Clinton, Bill, 76 Dayan, General Moshe, 198 CMAC DCP See Cambodian Mine Action Centre See Defence Cooperation Program CMF Declaration on the Granting of See Commonwealth Monitoring Independence to Colonial Force Countries and Peoples, 17 CMTTU decolonisation, 16, 86–8 See Commonwealth Military Defence 2000 White Paper, 149 Training Team, Uganda Defence Cooperation Program (DCP), Cold War, 35–8 88–9, 143 COMASC Defence Department, 43, 45, 47 See Commander Australian Defence of Australia 1987, 41–2, 58 Contingent Defence Science and Technology Commander Australian Contingent Organisation (DSTO), 236 (COMASC), 215 Defence White Paper, 118 Commonwealth Military Training Denmark, 34 Team, Uganda (CMTTU), 273 Department of External Affairs, 26 Commonwealth Monitoring Force Department of Foreign Affairs and (CMF), 25, 27, 31, 273 Trade (DFAT), 6, 51, 99, 126 Commonwealth of Nations, 89, 92, formation, 39 96 gains from peacekeeping roles, 136–7 Commonwealth Police, 139 in Bougainville, 130–2 casualties, 140 in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 132–3, community level interventions, 99–101 135 Congo, 19, 24, 26, 80, 261, 264, 266, in Solomon Islands, 133–5 273 in Tonga, 136 See also United Nations Operation in lessons learnt, 135–6 the Congo Red Book, 199 Connor, John, 5 role in peacekeeping operations, Cosgrove, Major General Peter, 60 130–7 Crawford, John, 70 with Peace Monitoring Group Croatia (Bougainville), 131–2 independence, 69, 70 with Truce Monitoring Group Croatian Party of Rights, 72 (Bougainville), 131–2 Croatians Department of Foreign Affairs and in Australia, 69, 70, 72 Trade civilian monitors, 131–2 Cuba, 37 Department of Social Security, 72 culture Desert Fox, 240 and Australian Defence Force, DFAT 122 See Department of Foreign Affairs Cyprus, 29, 158, 273 and Trade Australian Federal Police in, 143 DHA civilian police in, 153, 154 See United Nations Department of See also United Nations Humanitarian Affairs Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus Dili, 104 Czechoslovakia, 35 Diro, Brigadier Ted, 91

318 Index

displaced persons, 143, 181 Egypt, 27, 28 Dixon, Sir Owen, 22 elections Dorward, David, 79 in Cambodia, 62, 63–5, 67, 68, 202 Downer, Alexander, 75, 81, in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 103, 103 157–60 DPKO in Mozambique, 143 See United Nations Department of in Namibia, 45, 47, 55, 143 Peacekeeping Operations in South Africa, 143 DSTO emotional intelligence, 146 See Defence Science and Technology Enhanced Cooperation Program (ECP), Organisation 143 Dunn, Peter, 236, 237 Eritrea, 273 Dunning, Adam, 141 mine action in, 233 Dyke, Brigadier Lewis, 19 See also United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea East Timor/Timor-Leste, 101–5, Espiritu Santo rebellion, 90–1 273 Ethiopia, 273 Australian Federal Police in, 104, and Somalia, 73 139, 143 See also United Nations Mission in Department of Foreign Affairs and Ethiopia and Eritrea Trade in, 132–3, 135 European Landmine Solutions, 225 non-government organisations in, European Union (EU), 245, 246 187 European Union Police Mission in personal observations, 218–20 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 245 police in, 157–60, 167 Evans, Gareth, 28, 39, 47–9, 54, 58, See also International Force East 71, 75, 81, 92, 260 Timor and Bougainville crisis, 95–7 See also International Security Force and Cambodia, 48, 60, 62–6, 68, 83, See also United Nations Integrated 199 Mission in Timor Leste and Rwanda, 78–80 See also United Nations Mission in and South Paciﬁc region, 94, 108 East Timor and United Nations General See also United Nations Mission of Assembly, 34, 47, 50 Support in East Timor Evatt, Herbert Vere, 14, 17, 25, 31–2, See also United Nations Ofﬁce in 34, 87 Timor-Leste Exercise Pirap Jabiru, 121 See also United Nations Transitional Exercise Talisman Sabre, 119 Administration in East Timor Eaton, Charles, 19 famine Economic Community of West African in Somalia, 73–5 States (ECOWAS), 246 Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 139 ECOWAS Fiji, 93, 107 See Economic Community of West coups, 91–4 African States Fijian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and ECP External Trade, 133 See Enhanced Cooperation Program Finland, 34 Edwards, Peter, 13 Foley, Paul, 135

Index 319

Folke Bernadotte Academy of Sweden, Haiti, 273 245 See also Multinational Force, Ford, Major General Tim, 206 Australian Federal Police in, 141, personal observations, 203–8 143 Foreign Correspondents Association, Hammarskjold,¨ Dag, 113, 261 95 Hammond, Squadron Leader Owen, France, 15, 36, 46, 73, 87 239 and Vanuatu, 90 Handicap International (France), Fraser, Malcolm, 26, 45, 60, 88 225 and CARE Australia, 61, 74, 75 Hanisch, Erica, 217–20 Fraser, Phoebe, 61, 74, 75, 80–1 Hawke, Bob, 38, 39, 44, 46, 48, 50, 69, Frente Popular de Liberacion´ de Saguıa´ 72, 92 el Hamra y Rıo´ de Oro Hawke government, 39 (POLISARIO), 54 Hayden, Bill, 27, 39–41, 44, 46, 48, 60, Fukuyama, Francis, 58 65 Hazardous Area Life-Support G8 Global Peace Operations Initiative, Organisation (HALO Trust), 254 225 Gallagher, Lieutenant Colonel Kerry, Herald Sun, 65 33 Hewson, John, 67, 75, 78 Gee, John, 236–7 Hezbollah, 212, 244 Geneva International Centre for Hill, Robert, 64–8, 75, 83 Humanitarian Demining (GICHD), HIV/AIDS, 267 228 HMAS Darwin, 50 Germany HMAS Manoora, 121 and Indonesia, 85 HMAS Tobruk, 131 GICHD Holt, Victoria, 182, 187 See Geneva International Centre for Horner, David, 5 Humanitarian Demining Howard, John, 103, 109, 256 Gittoes, George, 2 Howard, Keith, 209–11 Goma Hudson, W. J., 86 refugees at, 80–1 human rights, 181 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 36, 38, 50 and Bougainville, PNG, 96–7 Gordon, Major General Ian, 206, human security, 173, 179–81, 190 213–14 and governance and development, governance, 181–2 181–2 Greece, 21 and protection of civilians, 182–5 Guatemala, 273 Human Security Report, 257 See also United Nations Veriﬁcation humanitarian demining Mission in Guatemala and commercial organisations, 225 Guehenno, Jean-Marie, 186 and non-government organisations, Gulf War, 51 225 Gyani, General, 154 deﬁned, 224 Hun Sen, 62, 67 Habibie, B. J., 102, 103, 109 Hussein, Prince Zeid, 266 Habyarimana, Juvenal, 77 Hussein, Saddam, 44, 54 Hackett, Patrick, 140 Hutu, 77, 80

320 Index

IASC Department of Foreign Affairs and See United Nations Inter-Agency Trade with, 132–3 Standing Committee International Meeting on Mine ICRC Clearance, 227 See International Committee of the International Military Advisory and Red Cross Training Team (IMATT), 273 IDG International Mine Action Standards, See Australian Federal Police 227, 228 IMATT International Peace Monitoring Team See International Military Advisory (IPMT), 105, 143, 155, 273 and Training Team Department of Foreign Affairs and In Larger Freedom, 245, 248 Trade with, 133 India, 21, 28, 273 International Security Assistance Force See also United Nations (ISAF), 223, 233, 245 India-Pakistan Observation International Security Force Mission (Timor-Leste) (ISF), 118, 187, 273 Indonesia, 30, 84, 273 International Standards for and East Timor/Timor-Leste, 101–3 Humanitarian Mine Clearance and Netherlands, 18–21, 85 Operations, 227 See also United Nations Commission interpreters, 72 for Indonesia IPMT See also United Nations Committee See International Peace Monitoring of Good Ofﬁcers Team See also United Nations Consular Iran, 273 Commission Iraqi use of chemical weapons, 236 Indonesian National Police See also United Nations Iran-Iraq See Polisi Negara Republik Indonesia Military Observer Group Information Management System for Iran–Iraq War, 36, 42 Mine Action, 228 Iraq, 51, 273 intelligence weapons inspections, 235–40 and Australian Defence Force, 122–4 See also Operation Habitat intelligence operations, 122–4 See also United Nations Iran-Iraq INTERFET Military Observer Group See International Force East Timor See also United Nations Monitoring, International Campaign to Ban Veriﬁcation and Inspection Landmines, 225 Commission International Commission of Jurists, 63 See also United Nations Special International Commission on Commission Intervention and State Sovereignty, Iraqi police cadets, 217–18 248 Iraqi Police Service, 143 International Committee of the Red Ireland, 34 Cross (ICRC), 102, 224 ISAF and protection, 184, 183–5 See International Security Assistance International Deployment Group Force See Australian Federal Police ISF International Force East Timor See International Security Force (INTERFET), 103, 116–18, 273 (Timor-Leste)

Index 321

Israel, 28, 29, 211, 273 landmines, 223 See also United Nations See also mine action Disengagement Observe Force Laos See also United Nations Truce mine action, 228 Supervision Organization League Assembly, 14 Israeli Controlled Area (ICA), 211 League of Nations, 5, 13, 256 Italy, 14, 46, 73 mandate, 17 Ivcic, Tomislav, 69 Learmont, Brigadier John, 25 Lebanon, 29, 211, 212, 214, 215, 273 Japan, 14 See also United Nations Interim Java, 18 Force in Lebanon JIPTC Liberal Party, 63, 65, 66 See Jordan International Police Lini, Father Walter, 90, 91 Training Centre logistic support, 252 Jordan Londey, Peter, 3–5 Australian Federal Police in, 143 London Metropolitan Police Force, Jordan International Police Training 155 Centre (JIPTC), 143, 217 Loosley, Stephen, 96 journalists, 65 justice systems MAC and police, 147 See Mixed Armistice Commission MacArthur, General Douglas, 4 Karadzic, Radovan, 71 MacDonald, General Sir Arthur, 41 Kashmir, 22, 26, 29, 273 Macedonia, 69, 70 See also United Nations Military Macedonians Observer Group in India and in Australia, 69, 70 Pakistan Mackinnon, Don, 97 Keating, Paul, 67, 81 Makin, N. J. O., 259 KFOR Maritime Interception Force (MIF), 55, See Kosovo Force 273 Khmer Rouge, 61–8, 197, 202 Martin, Ray, 81 Kissinger, Henry, 198 Mathews, Bob, 236 Korea, 29, 273 McKinnon, Don, 108 United States in, 29 MDG See also United Nations Commission See Millennium Development Goals for the Uniﬁcation and Meacham, Lieutenant Colonel Andrew, Rehabilitation of Korea 214–16 See also United Nations Commission Mechem, 225 on Korea media, 5, 43, 71, 164, 197, 239, 244 Korean War, 15 and Cambodia, 65 Kosovo, 73 and CARE Australia, 74, 80, 82 Kosovo Force (KFOR), 245 and Fiji, 92 Kraljevic, Braza, 72 and Rwanda, 77, 79, 81, 82 Krulak, General Charles, 118 and Somalia famine, 73, 82 Kumul Force, 91 medical contingents, 81 Kuwait, 51 Melanesia, 84 mine action, 225 Menzies, Robert, 24, 26

322 Index

Menzies government, 24, 26 See United Nations Verification Merrifield, Simon, 133 Mission in Guatemala Merrillees, Robert, 63 MINURSO MFO See United Nations Mission for the See Multinational Force and Referendum in Western Sahara Observers Mixed Armistice Commission (MAC), Middle East, 273 209, 211 personal observations of military Miyet, Bernard, 146 observers, 209–16 Mladic, General Radko, 71 See also United Nations Truce MNF Supervision Organization See Multinational Force MIF Mohamed Farah Aidid, 73 See Maritime Interception Force Mohamed Siad Barre, 73 military forces Moir, Alan, 93, 247 and non-government organisations, Morocco, 54 173, 175–9 Mortlock, Brigadier Roger, 131 military observer Mozambique, 273 See United Nations Military Australian Federal Police in, 141 Observer mine action, 225, 229, 232 military police police in, 160, 168 and civilian police, 128 See also United Nations Accelerated defined, 154 Demining Program Millennium Development Goals See also United Nations Operation in (MDGs), 171, 186, 188 Mozambique Miller, Professor T. B., 39 Mugabe, Robert, 25 Milosevic, Slobodan, 256 Multinational Force (MNF), 262, 273 mine action, 47 Multinational Force and Observers and Australian Defence Force (ADF), (MFO), 27, 27, 39–41, 65, 198, 229–33 204, 262, 273 first phase of, 224 multinational operations five pillars of, 228 personal observations, 203–8 future of, 233 in Afghanistan, 224, 226, 229–31 Namibia, 37, 47, 273 in Angola, 226 Australian Federal Police in, 143 in Bosnia, 232 Australians in, 55 in Cambodia, 225, 231–2 police in, 153 in Eritrea, 233 See also United Nations Transition in Kuwait, 225 Assistance Group in Laos, 228 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 24 in Mozambique, 225, 229, 232 National Army of Democratic origins, 223 Cambodia (NADK), 198 second phase, 226 National Party, 63, 65, 66 standards, 227 NATO third phase, 228 See North Atlantic Treaty Mines Advisory Group, 225 Organization Mine-Tech, 225 Nauru MINUGUA Australian Federal Police in, 143

Index 323

Nauru Police Force, 143 O’Shannesssy, Captain M., 37 neighbourhood watch, 84, 94 Observer Group Egypt, 214 Netherlands, 15, 34, 87 Observer Group Golan–Damascus, 214 and Indonesia, 18–21, 85 Observer Group Golan–Tiberias, 214 colonial powers, 18 Observer Group Lebanon (OGL), 214, Netherlands East Indies 215 See Indonesia OCHA New Hebrides See United Nations Office for See Vanuatu Coordination of Humanitarian new world order, 38 Affairs New York Times, 68 Off, Carol, 80 New Zealand, 15, 34, 46, 70, 87 OGL New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF), See Observer Group Lebanon 132 ONUC New Zealand Ministry of Foreign See United Nations Operation in the Affairs, 133 Congo Nimmo, Lieutenant General Robert ONUCA ‘Putt’, 23, 23 See United Nations Observer Group Nkomo, Joshua, 25 in Central America Noble, Captain Roger, 238 ONUMOZ non-government organisations See United Nations Operation in and Australian Defence Force, 173, Mozambique 180, 185 Operation Banner, 231 and Australian Federal Police, 173, Operation Bel Isi, 99, 100 180, 185, 189, 190, 192 Operation Coracle, 232 and human security, 179–81 Operation Habitat, 53, 273 and humanitarian demining, 225 Operation Lagoon, 97, 130 and military forces, 175 Operation Mayflower, 29 and military/police interaction, 173, Operation Provide Comfort, 53 175–9 Operation Salam, 229 and United Nations doctrine, 187, Operation Serene, 143 193 Operation Tokoni, 143 civil–military cooperation, 124–5 Operation Wantok Durua, 90, 91 coordination, 192 Organisation des Nations Unies au humanitatian principles, 172 Congo in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 187 See United Nations Operation in the role in peacekeeping operations, Congo 193–4 Oslo Guidelines on the Use of Military North Atlantic Treaty Organization and Civil Defence Assets in (NATO), 72, 245, 246 Disaster Relief, 186 Implementation Force Stabilisation Other People’s Wars, 3 Force, 233 Ottawa Treaty Norway, 34 See Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Norwegian People’s Aid, 225 Convention Nuclear Disarmament Party, 39 NZDF Pacific Islands Forum, 90, 152 See New Zealand Defence Force Pacific Islands Regiment (PIR), 91

324 Index

Pakistan, 22, 46, 273 progress of, 21–5 Australians in, 55 qualities police bring to, 146–7 See also United Nations regional centre of excellence, 174, India-Pakistan Observation 189–90 Mission reviews of, 245–7 See also United Nations Mine peacekeeping definition Clearance Training Team United Nations Department of Palestine, 21, 29 Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), Papalia, Lieutenant Paul, 238 174 Papua New Guinea (PNG) peacemaking initiatives, 175 and Australia, 88–9 Peach, Major, 4 Papua New Guinea Defence Force Peacock, Andrew, 70, 81 (PNGDF), 88–91, 95–8, 108 Pearson, Lester, 24, 261 Papua New Guinea police, 95 Perez´ de Cuellar,´ Javier, 64, 236 Patriotic Front, 25, 31 Persian Gulf, 42, 50, 53, 237 peace enforcement, 175 See also Maritime Interception Force Peace Monitoring Group (Bougainville) personal observations (PMG), 98, 98, 99, 100, 131, 143 commanding multinational Australian Federal Police with, 142 operations, 203–8 Department of Foreign Affairs and Ford, Major General Tim, 203–8 Trade with, 131–2 Gordon, Major General Ian, Peace Operations 2010, 186 213–14 peacebuilding, 175, 186, 244 Hanisch, Erica, 217–20 and peacekeeping, 248–50 Howard, Keith, 209–11 peacekeepers Meacham, Lieutenant Colonel and non-government organisations, Andrew, 214–16 176–9 Sanderson, Lieutenant General John, skills required by ADF, 114 197–202 peacekeeping Symon, Keith, 211–13 and human security, 179–81 United Nations Department of and peacebuilding, 248–50 Peacekeeping Operations, 205–7 and protection, 191 United Nations police, 217–20 assessing, 28–31 United Nations Transitional Australian government approach to, Authority in Cambodia, 199–202 38–41 United Nations Truce Supervision countries contributing to, 35 Organization, 204–5 defined, 3, 11–13, 171, 174–5 UNTSO military observers, 209–16 deployments, 243–5 Petersen, Captain Paul, 57 doctrine, 192, 206 Pilger, John, 61, 63, 64 effectiveness of Australian missions, PIR 54–7 See Pacific Islands Regiment in future, 253–4, 268–9 Plaut, Martin, 270 integrated approach, 126 PMG inventing, 18–21 See Peace Monitoring Group lessons learnt, 113–29 (Bougainville) predeployment contingency planning, PNG 191 See Papua New Guinea

Index 325

PNGDP Quadripartite Standardization See Papua New Guinea Defence Agreements, 203 Force Pol Pot, 63, 198 R2P police, 250 See responsibility to protect (R2P) and non-government organisations, RAAF (Royal Australian Air Force), 11, 173, 175–9 27, 27, 61 history as peacekeepers, 153–4 Rabuka, Colonel Sitiveni, 91, 92 in Namibia, 153 RAMSI qualiﬁcations and training, 162–3 See Regional Assistance Mission to qualities brought to peacekeeping, Solomon Islands 146, 157 Rand Corporation, 265 rank structures, 160–2 rank structures, 160–2 releasing for peacekeeping, 163–5 Rankin, Squadron Leader, 4 role in peacekeeping missions, 138 Ray, Robert, 58, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81 role in peacekeeping operations, Red Army, 36 142 Red Book, 199 training advice, 143 Red Sea, 53, 73 why use for peacekeeping, 155–60 See also Maritime Interception Force See also Australian Federal Police Regional Assistance Mission to See also Australian police Solomon Islands (IPMT), 143 See also civilian police Regional Assistance Mission to See also military police Solomon Islands (RAMSI), 106, See also United Nations police 142, 144, 145, 155, 273 POLISARIO Department of Foreign Affairs and See Frente Popular de Liberacion´ de Trade with, 133–5 Saguıa´ el Hamra y Rıo´ de Oro regional neighbourhood watch, 84, 94 Polisi Negara Republik Indonesia Report of the High-level Panel on (POLRI), 158–60 Threats, Challenges and Change, POLRI 245 See Polisi Negara Republik Indonesia Report of the Panel on United Nations Pope John Paul II, 102 Peace Operations (Brahimi Popular Front for the Liberation of Report), 142, 145, 186, 245, 252, Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro 264 (POLISARIO), 54 Responsibility to Protect, 248 Portugal, 85, 101, 102 responsibility to protect (R2P), 175, Powell, Colin, 176 185–6, 191, 248, 261 Power, Captain Peter, 22 Rhodesia, 25 Prosser, Peter, 240 Risalpur Training Camp, 229 protection RONCO Consulting, 225 and International Committee of the Rose, General Sir Michael, 188 Red Cross (ICRC), 184, 183–5 Royal Australian Engineers, 229, 230 concepts of, 183 Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR), integrated approach, 191 75–7, 115 of civilians, 182–5 Royal Canadian Mounted Police, 144 responsibility to protect (R2P), 175, Royal Marines, 90 185–6, 191, 248, 261 Royal Navy, 43

326 Index

RPF Solarz, Steven J., 63 See Rwandan Patriotic Front Solomon Islands, 105–7, 121, 144, 273 Ruddock, Philip, 70 Australian Federal Police in, 133, rule of law, 250–1 142–4 Rwanda, 78, 77–82, 273 Department of Foreign Affairs and and Evans, Gareth, 78–80 Trade in, 133–5 See also United Nations Assistance See also International Peace Mission for Rwanda Monitoring Team Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), 80 See also Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands Sanderson, Lieutenant General John, Solomon, Richard H., 64 64, 71, 200 Somalia, 73–7, 273 personal observations, 197–202 Australian Federal Police in, 141, Santa Cruz massacre, 102 143 Scholes, Gordon, 40 famine in, 73–5 Seamen’s Union of Australia, 43 See also Unified Task Force (Somalia) Seiple, Chris, 171 See also United Nations Operation in Sembler, Melvin, 75 Somalia I Senate Standing Committee on Foreign See also United Nations Operation in Affairs, Defence and Trade, 51 Somalia II Serbian National Council of Victoria, Son Sen, 197 69 South Africa Serbs Australian Federal Police in, 143 in Australia, 69, 70, 72 South Africa Police, 31 SFOR South Lebanon Army (SLA), 212, 213 See Stabilisation Force South Pacific Bureau of Economic Shalders, Captain R., 50 Cooperation, 89 Shalikashvili, John, 176 South Pacific Commission, 87 Sierra Leone, 273 South Pacific Forum, 89–92, 96, 97 See also International Military South Pacific Peacekeeping Force Advisory and Training Team (Bougainville) (SPPKF), 97, 273 Silent death of Cambodia, 61 South Pacific region Sinai, 11, 24, 27, 41, 60, 65, 82, 210, and Evans, Gareth, 94, 108 273 South Pacific Regional Trade and See also Multinational Force and Economic Cooperation Agreement Observers (SPARTECA), 90 See also United Nations Emergencey South West Africa People’s Force II (UNEF II) Organization (SWAPO), 45, 55 Six Day War, 26, 210 Soviet Union SLA See USSR See South Lebanon Army Spain, 54, 85 Slovene War, 69 SPARTECA Slovenes See South Pacific Regional Trade and in Australia, 69 Economic Cooperation Agreement Slovenia SPPKF independence, 69, 70 See South Pacific Peacekeeping Force Smith, Major General Mike, 197 (Bougainville)

Index 327

Stabilisation Force (SFOR), 273 Australian Federal Police in, 143 Stop the war in Croatia, 69 Department of Foreign Affairs and Stuart, Colonel Russell, 66, 199, 200 Trade in, 136 Sturkey, Douglas, 63 Tonga Police, 143 Sudan, 273 training Australian Federal Police in, 143 Afghan refugees, 224, 229 See also United Nations Mission in and United Nations (UN), 252 the Sudan Australian Defence Force, 119–20 Suharto, President, 101 centre of excellence, 189–90 Sumatra, 18 civil–military cooperation, 125 Sun-Herald, 64, 71 DPKO training modules, 205, 252 SWAPO exercise Pirap Jabiru, 121 See South West Africa People’s integrated common, 126 Organization Iraqi police cadets, 217–18 Sweden, 34 military observers, 204 Sydney Morning Herald, 43, 74, 79 of local police, 165, 167 Symon, Keith, 211–13 predeployment, 139, 144, 145 Syria, 273 use-of-force continuum, 146 See also United Nations Tran, Captain Tam, 56 Disengagement Observe Force Truce Monitoring Group (Bougainville) (TMG), 98–100, 143, 273 Ta Mok, 198 Department of Foreign Affairs and Te, Andrew, 106 Trade with, 131–2 Templer, Field Marshal Sir Gerald, 194 Turkey, 29, 46 Tep Khunal, 197 Tutsi, 77, 80 Thailand, 53, 273 exercise Pirap Jabiru, 121 Uganda, 77, 273 See also United Nations Border See also Commonwealth Military Relief Operation, Thailand Training Team – Uganda Thailand–Cambodia border, 199, 273 UNAMA Australian Federal Police at, 143 See United Nations Assistance See also United Nations Border Mission in Afghanistan Relief Operation, Thailand UNAMET Thomas, Lew, 140 See United Nations Mission in East Three Block War, 118 Timor Timor-Leste UNAMIC See East Timor/Timor-Leste See United Nations Advance Mission Timor-Leste Police Development in Cambodia Program (TLPDP), 143 UNAMID Tito, Josip Broz, 69 See United Nations African Union TLPDP Hybrid Mission in Darfur See Timor-Leste Police Development UNAMIR Program See United Nations Assistance TMG Mission for Rwanda See Truce Monitoring Group UNAVEM (Bougainville) See United Nations Angola Tonga, 107 Veriﬁcation Mission

328 Index

UNBRO UNIIMOG See United Nations Border Relief See United Nations Iran–Iraq Operation (Thailand) Military Observer Group UNCI UNIPOM See United Nations Commission for See United Nations India–Pakistan Indonesia Observation Mission UNCIP UNITAF See United Nations Commission in See Unified Task Force (Somalia) India and Pakistan United Kingdom, 15, 29, 36, 43, 73, UNCOK 87 See United Nations Commission on and Australia, 26, 43 Korea and India, 21 UNCURK and Indonesia, 85 See United Nations Commission for and Iraq, 239 the Unification and Rehabilitation and Palestine, 21 of Korea and Vanuatu, 90 Under the Barrel of a Gun, 96 police rank structures, 161 UNDOF United Nations (UN) See United Nations Disengagement and civilians, 266–8 Observe Force and command and control, 125–6 UNDP and humanitarian demining, 224 See United Nations Development and police, 157, 165–9 Programme and responsibility to protect, 117–18 UNEF and training, 252 See United Nations Emergency Force assessing peacekeeping, 28–31 UNEF II Best Practices Polict Unit, 245 See United Nations Emergency Force collective security, 258–60 II commanding multinational unexploded ordnance operations, 203–8 See mine action deployments, 35–6 UNFICYP doctrine, 173, 182, 186 See United Nations Peacekeeping established, 13 Force in Cyprus in Baghdad, 123, 240 UNGOC Integrated Support System, 250 See United Nations Committee of Joint Mission Analysis Centre, 250 Good Offices Joint Operations Cell, 250 UNGOMAP logistic support, 252 See United Nations Good Offices mandates, 114–17, 248, 249 Mission in Afghanistan and Millennium Development Goals Pakistan (MDGs), 171, 186, 188 UNHCR pacific settlement, 257–8 See United Nations High Peace Building Commission, 250 Commissioner for Refugees Peace Building Support Office, 250 Unified Task Force (Somalia) peacekeeping deployments, 36, (UNITAF), 75, 76, 273 243–5 UNIFIL peacekeeping doctrine, 192, 206 See United Nations Interim Force in peacekeeping in future, 253–4, Lebanon 268–9

Index 329

peacekeeping operations, 249–50, United Nations Consular Commission, 262–4 4, 19, 20, 273 peacekeeping reviews, 245–7, 265–6 United Nations Department of reforms to peacekeeping, 186–8 Humanitarian Affairs (DHA), 226, rule of law, 250–1 227 United Nations Accelerated Demining United Nations Department of Program (ADP), 273 Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), United Nations Advance Mission in 186, 193, 265 Cambodia (UNAMIC), 53, 64, 66, and intelligence, 123 83, 225, 273 and police, 169 United Nations African Union Hybrid Brahimi Report, 142, 145, 186, 252, Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), 264 247 capstone doctrine, 246, 251 United Nations Angola Verification Criminal Law and Judicial Division, Mission (UNAVEM), 37 250 United Nations Assistance Mission for Disarmament Demobilisation and Rwanda (UNAMIR), 77, 80–2, Reintegration Section, 250 273 Military Division, 205–7 United Nations Assistance Mission in Mine Action Service, 250 Afghanistan (UNAMA), 273 Office of Rule of Law and Security United Nations Border Relief Institutions, 250 Operation, Thailand (UNBRO), peacekeeping definition, 174 143, 155, 273 Standard Training Modules, 205, 252 United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund, 186 United Nations Mine Action Service, United Nations Charter, 4, 11, 29, 227 31–2, 40, 49, 243, 262 United Nations Police Division, 250 Article 74, 87 United Nations Standing Police Article 99, 257 Capacity, 251 Chapter VI, 13, 16, 114, 116, 257 United Nations Development Chapter VII, 13, 16, 114, 116, 118, Programme (UNDP), 228, 231, 245, 248, 259 232 Chapter XI, 17, 87 United Nations Disengagement Observe failure of, 13–18 Force (UNDOF), 204, 205, 211, United Nations Commission for 213–16, 262, 273 Indonesia (UNCI), 243, 273 United Nations Emergency Force United Nations Commission for the (UNEF), 24, 26, 28, 261 Unification and Rehabilitation of United Nations Emergency Force II Korea (UNCURK), 273 (UNEF II), 26, 27, 211, 262, 273 United Nations Commission in India United Nations General Assembly, 17, and Pakistan (UNCIP), 22 118 United Nations Commission on Human and Evans, Gareth, 34, 47, 50 Rights, 96 and Palestine, 21 United Nations Commission on Korea United Nations Genocide Convention, (UNCOK), 4, 15, 273 63 United Nations Committee of Good United Nations Good Offices Mission Offices (UNGOC), 4, 18, 20, 243, in Afghanistan and Pakistan 273 (UNGOMAP), 36

330 Index

United Nations High Commissioner for United Nations Mission in Ethiopia Refugees (UNHCR), 225 and Eritrea (UNMEE), 233, United Nations Human Rights Charter, 273 156 United Nations Mission in Liberia United Nations India–Pakistan (UNMIL), 247 Observation Mission (UNIPOM), United Nations Mission in the Sudan 273 (UNMIS), 143, 155, 273 United Nations Institute of Training United Nations Mission of Support in and Research (UNITAR), 252 East Timor (UNMISET), 104, 143, United Nations Integrated Mission in 273 Timor-Leste (UNMIT), 143, 187, United Nations Monitoring, 273 Verification and Inspection United Nations Integrated Mission in Commission (UNMOVIC), 240, Timor-Leste (UNTAET), 143 273 United Nations Integrated Training United Nations Observer Group in Servic, 145 Central America (ONUCA), 38 United Nations Inter-Agency Standing United Nations Observer Mission in Committee (IASC), 183 South Africa (UNOMSA), 143 United Nations Interim Force in United Nations Office for Coordination Lebanon (UNIFIL), 35, 198, 204, of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), 205, 213–16, 244, 262, 273 178, 190, 193 United Nations Iran-Iraq Military United Nations Office for the Observer Group (UNIIMOG), 33, Coordination of Humanitarian Aid 36, 44, 47, 54, 273 to Afghanistan (UNOCHA), 229, United Nations Logistic Base, 252 230 United Nations Military Observer United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNMO) (UNOTIL), 104, 273 and alcohol, 204 United Nations Operation in conduct required, 20 Mozambique (ONUMOZ), 143, in Indonesia, 19 155, 160, 168, 232, 273 personal observations, 209–16 United Nations Operation in Somalia I role in peacekeeping operations, (UNOSOM I), 2, 73, 74, 114, 116, 19 273 United Nations Military Observer United Nations Operation in Somalia II Group in India and Pakistan (UNOSOM II), 76, 116, 143, 155, (UNMOGIP), 22, 40, 273 273 United Nations Mine Action Service United Nations Operation in the Congo (UNMAS), 227 (ONUC), 262, 273 United Nations Mine Clearance United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Training Team (UNMCTT), 37, Cyprus (UNFICYP), 24, 29, 143, 229–31, 273 155, 262, 273 United Nations Mission for the Australian police with, 139 Referendum in Western Sahara United Nations Peacekeeping Force in (MINURSO), 54, 57, 273 Cyprus (UNFYCTP), 34 United Nations Mission in East Timor police with, 154 (UNAMET), 142, 143, 155, 273 United Nations Peacekeeping Fund, police with, 157–60, 164 250

Index 331

United Nations police, 19, 165–8, 250 personal observations, 204–5 deployment practices, 168–9 personal observations of military in East Timor/Timor-Leste, 157–60, observers, 209–16 167 United Nations Veriﬁcation Mission in in Mozambique, 160, 168 Guatemala (MINUGUA), 273 personal observations, 217–20 United Nations Voluntary Trust Fund rank structures, 160–2 for Mine Clearance, 227 women in, 217–20 United Nations Yemen Observation United Nations Police Division, 163, Mission (UNYOM), 273 169 United States, 4, 38, 46, 73, 260, United Nations Protection Force 265 (UNPROFOR), 70, 72, 263, 273 and Australia, 26, 39, 43, 75 United Nations Relief and Works and Iran-Iraq War, 42 Agency (UNRWA), 30 and Iraq, 239 United Nations Security Council, 13, and mine action, 46 35, 239 and new world order, 38 and Australia, 44 and South Paciﬁc Commission, 87 and East Timor/Timor-Leste, 101 and USSR, 47, 48 and intelligence, 123 in Korea, 29 and United Nations Charter, 13–18 State Department, 15 Commission of Investigation, 21 United Nations Security Council, resolutions, 20, 35, 44, 101, 103, 36 109, 199, 237, 240, 244, 247 United States police, 165, 169 United Nations Special Commission UNMAS (UNSCOM), 53, 56, 235–40, 273 See United Nations Mine Action lessons learnt, 240 Service United Nations Special Committee on UNMCTT the Balkans (UNSCOB), 21, 30 See United Nations Mine Clearance United Nations Special Sevice Medal, Training Team 231 UNMEE United Nations Temporary Executive See United Nations Mission in Authority (UNTEA), 273 Ethiopia and Eritrea United Nations Transition Assistance UNMIL Group (UNTAG), 26, 37, 45, 45, See United Nations Mission in 48, 143, 153, 199, 273 Liberia and police, 169 UNMIS United Nations Transitional See United Nations Mission in the Administration in East Timor Sudan (UNTAET), 104, 114, 116, 273 UNMISET United Nations Transitional Authority See United Nations Mission of in Cambodia (UNTAC), 53, 64–6, Support in East Timor 68, 71, 83, 143, 155, 197, 198, UNMIT 231–2, 273 See United Nations Integrated personal observations, 199–202 Mission in Timor-Leste United Nations Truce Supervision UNMO Organization (UNTSO), 4, 21, 30, See United Nations Military 34, 35, 243, 273 Observer

332 Index

UNMOGIP and peacekeeping missions, 36 See United Nations Military Observer and United Nations Good Offices Group in India and Pakistan Mission in Afghanistan and UNMOVIC Pakistan (UNGOMAP), 36 See United Nations Monitoring, and United States, 47, 48 Verification and Inspection in Afghanistan, 229, 230 Commission UNOCHA Vanstone, Amanda, 142 See United Nations Office for the Vanuatu, 90–1 Coordination of Humanitarian Aid Australian Federal Police in, 143 to Afghanistan Vanuatu Mobile Force (VMF), 91 UNOMSA Vanuatu Police Force Capacity Building See United Nations Observer Project (VPFCBP), 143 Mission in South Africa Vietnam, 53 UNOSOM Vietnam Veterans of America See United Nations Operation in Foundation, 228 Somalia Vietnam War, 13, 47, 60, 61, 65 UNOTIL VMF See United Nations Office in See Vanuatu Mobile Force Timor-Leste VPFCBP UNPROFOR See Vanuatu Police Force Capacity See United Nations Protection Force Building Project UNSCOB See United Nations Special Ward, Sergeant Ian, 140 Committee on the Balkans Warner, Nick, 134 UNSCOM Warren, Colonel Richard, 46 See United Nations Special Waterside Workers’ Federation, 18 Commission weapons inspections, 235–40 UNTAC weapons of mass destruction (WMD), See United Nations Transitional 235, 237 Authority in Cambodia West, Stewart, 43 UNTAET West New Guinea, 29, 273 See United Nations Transitional See also United Nations Temporary Administration in East Timor Executive Authority UNTAG West Timor, 116 See United Nations Transition Western Sahara, 54, 56, 273 Assistance Group See also United Nations Mission UNTEA for the Referendum in Western See United Nations Temporary Sahara Executive Authority Whiteley, Michael, 64 UNTSO Whitlam, Gough, 26 See United Nations Truce Wilson, Colonel John, 70 Supervision Organization WMD UNYOM See weapons of mass destruction See United Nations Yemen women Observation Mission as civilian monitors, 131 USSR, 27, 35–8, 46, 49, 51, 73, 199 in Australian Defence Force, 122 and League Assembly, 15 in United Nations police, 217–20

Index 333

Woolcott, Richard, 34, 63, 64 Young, Peter, 43 World Bank, 126, 148, 186 Yugoslav National Army, 69 World Summit, 2005, 245 Yugoslavia, 21, 68–73, 273 World War, First, 236 See also Stabilisation Force World War, Second, 86 See also United Nations Protection Wright, Tony, 79, 80 Force Yugoslavians Yeltsin, Boris, 49 in Australia, 69 Yemen, 273 See also United Nations Yemen Zimbabwe, 30, 273 Observation Mission See also Commonwealth Monitoring Yom Kippur War, 211 Force