List of Peacekeeping Operations 1948 - 2018
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General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2017
United Nations A/72/649 General Assembly Distr.: General 14 December 2017 Original: English Seventy-second session Agenda item 149 Administrative and budgetary aspects of the financing of the United Nations peacekeeping operations Updated financial position of closed peacekeeping missions as at 30 June 2017 Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report provides information on the financial position of 29 closed peacekeeping missions as at 30 June 2017. Of those missions, five had net cash deficits in the total amount of $86.0 million (in comparison with $86.1 million as at 30 June 2016) as a result of outstanding payments of assessed contributions from Member States. The remaining 24 closed peacekeeping missions had net cash surpluses available for credit to Member States totalling $85.3 million (in comparison with $67.7 million as at 30 June 2016). 17-22541 (E) 281217 *1722541* A/72/649 Abbreviations MINUGUA United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala MINURCA United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic MINURCAT United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad MINURSO United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MIPONUH United Nations Civilian Police Mission in Haiti MONUA United Nations Observer Mission in Angola MONUSCO United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ONUB United Nations Operation in Burundi ONUCA United Nations Observer Group in Central America ONUMOZ United Nations Operation in Mozambique ONUSAL United Nations Observer -
Vienna, 24 April 1963 .ENTRY INTO FORCE
6. VIENNA CONVENTION ON CONSULAR RELATIONS Vienna, 24 April 1963 ENTRY. INTO FORCE: 19 March 1967, in accordance with article 77. REGISTRATION: 8 June 1967, No. 8638. STATUS: Signatories: 48. Parties: 181. TEXT: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 596, p. 261. Note: The Convention was adopted on 22 April 1963 by the United Nations Conference on Consular Relations held at the Neue Hofburg in Vienna, Austria, from 4 March to 22 April 1963. The Conference also adopted the Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality, the Optional Protocol concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, the Final Act and three resolutions annexed to that Act. The Convention and the two Protocols were deposited with the Secretary- General of the United Nations. The Final Act, by unanimous decision of the Conference, was deposited in the archives of the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Austria. For the proceedings of the Conference, see United Nations Conference on Consular Relations, Official Records, vols. I and II (United Nations publication, Sales Nos.: 63.X.2 and 64.X.1). The text of the Convention, two Protocols, Final Act and resolutions is published in vol. II. Ratification, Ratification, Accession(a), Accession(a), Participant Signature Succession(d) Participant Signature Succession(d) Albania......................................................... 4 Oct 1991 a Burkina Faso................................................24 Apr 1963 11 Aug 1964 Algeria .........................................................14 Apr 1964 a Cabo -
Inquiry Into Recognition of Service with the Commonwealth Monitoring Force – Rhodesia 1979-80
INQUIRY INTO RECOGNITION OF SERVICE WITH THE COMMONWEALTH MONITORING FORCE – RHODESIA 1979-80 LETTER OF TRANSMISSION Inquiry into Recognition of Service with the Commonwealth Monitoring Force – Rhodesia 1979-80 Senator the Hon David Feeney Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Dear Parliamentary Secretary, I am pleased to present the report of the Defence Honours and Awards Tribunal on the Inquiry into Recognition of Service with the Commonwealth Monitoring Force – Rhodesia 1979-80. The inquiry was conducted in accordance with the Terms of Reference. The panel of the Tribunal that conducted the inquiry arrived unanimously at the findings and recommendations set out in its report. Yours sincerely Professor Dennis Pearce AO Chair 8 November 2010 2 CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMISSION.............................................................................................2 CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................3 TERMS OF REFERENCE .....................................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................5 RECOMMENDATION...........................................................................................................6 REPORT OF THE TRIBUNAL.............................................................................................7 Conduct of the Inquiry....................................................................................................7 -
The Protection of Children in Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Processes
The Protection of Children in Peacemaking and Peacekeeping Processes Ilene Cohn* I. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Despite increased international attention to and awareness of children's rights, children are largely overlooked in the peacemaking and peacekeeping process. Rules of engagement for peacekeepers disregard children, and re- construction and reconciliation programs that emerge from negotiations ignore the differential impact on and particular needs of children. The effect is to marginalize persistent problems like the rehabilitation and reintegra- tion of child soldiers and, more broadly, to miss the opportunity to address widespread systemic problems common to war-torn societies. Children suffer disproportionately in war, and they benefit disproportion- ately less in peace. The international community has recognized the deficiency of the international bill of rights in addressing specific classes of injustice or the status of entire groups of persons, and it has acknowledged the need for programmatic tools to address the special needs of vulnerable communities. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), to which I refer throughout as a guidepost for children-oriented initiatives, is the most widely ratified human rights treaty and obliges States to take positive measures to ensure the protection of children's rights both in peace and in war.1 A similar approach is both warranted and reasonable in peace proc- * Program Officer, Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, United Nations. Visiting Fellow, Harvard Law School Human Rights Program (1997- 1999). I would like to express special thanks to Peter Rosenblum for his encouragement, advice and edito- rial wisdom, and to the Harvard Human Rights Program for offering me an environment so conducive to research and writing. -
Report of the Inquiry Into Service in Peacekeeping Operations Post 1947
INQUIRY INTO RECOGNITION FOR DEFENCE FORCE PERSONNEL WHO SERVED AS PEACEKEEPERS FROM 1947 ONWARDS LETTER OF TRANSMISSION Inquiry into recognition for Defence Force personnel who served as peacekeepers from 1947 onwards Senator the Hon David Feeney Parliamentary Secretary for Defence Parliament House Canberra ACT 2600 Dear Parliamentary Secretary, I am pleased to present the report of the Defence Honours and Awards Tribunal on the Inquiry into recognition for Defence Force personnel who served as peacekeepers from 1947 onwards. The inquiry was conducted in accordance with the Terms of Reference. The panel of the Tribunal that conducted the inquiry arrived unanimously at the findings and recommendations set out in its report. Yours sincerely Professor Dennis Pearce AO Chair 1 November 2010 2 CONTENTS LETTER OF TRANSMISSION.....................................................................................2 CONTENTS......................................................................................................................3 TERMS OF REFERENCE .............................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................5 RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................7 REPORT OF THE TRIBUNAL.....................................................................................8 Conduct of the Inquiry ................................................................................................8 -
Bank Debits and Deposit Turnover
For Immediate release BANK DEBITS "w15 1963 AND DEPOSIT TURNOVER Bank debits to demand deposit accounts, except interbank and U. S. Government accounts, as reported by banks in 3^4 selected centers for the month of April aggregated $308.0 billion. During the pasb three months debits amounted to $889.2 billion or 9 *2 per cent above the total reported for the corresponding period a year ago. At banks in New York City there was an increase of 12.0 per cent compared with the cor- responding three-months period a year ago; at 6 other leading centers the increase was 9.0 per cent; and at 337 other centers it was 6.3 per cent. Seasonally adjusted debits to demand deposit accounts for 6 leading centers and 337 other centers reached new highs of $63.9 and $119.6 billion, respectively, for the month of April. The seasonally adjusted annual rate of turnover at banks outside New York City increased to a new high of 33-4 in April from 32.0 in March. Total, Leading centers 337 Total, Leading centers 337 343 Period 344 other 344 other centers centers NYC 6 others * centers centers NYC 6 others* centers DEBITS To Demand Deposit Accounts ANNUAL RATE OF TURNOVER (In billions of dollars) Of Demand Deposits Hot seasonally adjusted 1962 April 281.5 117.2 58.0 106.3 41.5 76.9 42.6 27-3 31-3 May 295.4 122.1 59-8 113.5 42-3 79-0 41.5 28.4 June 31-9 291.8 121.9 59-4 110.5 43.6 83.0 43.0 28.7 July 32.5 279.7 111.4 57-5 110.7 41.5 76.1 41.2 28.5 August 31-9 281.0 110.8 57.5 112.7 40-3 74.3 39-9 27.9 31.0 September 263.3 109.7 53-4 100.1 41.7 81.1 41.2 October -
UNITED NATIONS MEDALS Page
17 May 2019 CHAPTER 5 UNITED NATIONS MEDALS Page 03 United Nations Service Medal – Korea 05 General Information UN Medals 07 UN Emergency Force (Egypt) UNEF 08 UN Truce Supervision Organization in Palestine UNTSO 09 UN Observer Group in Lebanon UNOGIL 10 UN Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan UNGOMAP 11 Office of the Secretary-General in Afgh. & Pakistan OSGAP 12 UN Military Observation Group in India and Pakistan UNMOGIP 13 Organisations des Nations Unies au Congo ONUC 14 UN Temporary Executive Authority in West New Guinea UNTEA 15 UN Yemen Observation Mission UNYOM 16 UN Force in Cyprus UNFICYP 18 UN India Pakistan Observation Mission UNIPOM 19 UN Emergency Force Middle East UNEFME 20 UN Disengagement Observer Force (Golan Heights) UNDOF 21 UN Interim Force in Lebanon UNIFIL 22 UN Iran / Iraq Military Observer Group UNIIMOG 23 UN Transition Assistance Group in Namibia UNTAG 24 UN Observer Group in Central America ONUCA 25 UN Iraq / Kuwait Observer Mission UNIKOM 26 UN Angola Verification Mission II UNAVEM 27 UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara MINURSO 28 UN Observer Group in El Salvador ONUSAL 29 UN Protection Force (former Yugoslavia) UNPROFOR 32 UN Confidence Restoration Operation in Croatia UNCRO 33 UN Advanced Mission in Cambodia UNAMIC 34 UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia UNTAC 35 UN Operations in Somalia UNOSOM 36 UN Operations in Mozambique ONUMOZ 37 UN Observer Mission Uganda / Rwanda UNOMUR 38 UN Assistance Mission in Rwanda UNAMIR 39 UN Observer Group for the Verification of the Elections in Haiti -
United Nations Political Missions – Report of the Secretary-General
UNITED NATIONS POLITICAL MISSIONS REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL UNITED NATIONS POLITICAL MISSIONS UNITED NATIONS POLITICAL MISSIONS: REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL Summary This report is submitted pursuant to resolution 67/123, whereby the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General “to submit a report on the overall policy matters pertaining to special political mis- sions, including their evolution, trends, as well as their role in the activities of the Organization relating to the maintenance of international peace and security and to make recommendations to increase their overall transparency and effectiveness”. Contents I. Introduction . 2 II. Historical evolution of special political missions . 3 III. The present role of special political missions in the peace and security activities of the Organization . 7 IV. Key policy issues and challenges . 16 V. Recommendations to improve transparency and effectiveness . 24 Annex . 26 1 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL I. INTRODUCTION 1. At the heart of conflict, more often than not, are political issues. It should come as no surprise, therefore, that political missions have been at the very centre of United Nations efforts to maintain international peace and security since the establishment of the Organization. From the deploy- ment of Count Folke Bernadotte to the Middle East in 1948 to the establishment of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia in 2013, political missions have, in different forms, played a vital role in conflict prevention, peacemaking and peacebuilding. -
The Efficacy of Peacekeeping 1
BABCOCK: THE EFFICACY OF PEACEKEEPING 79 The Efficacy of Peacekeeping 1 Sandy Babcock Director General Operational Research Department of National Defence, Canada Canadian Forces Experimentation Centre National Defence Headquarters Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sandy Babcock is pursuing his Ph.D. in history at Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His doctoral thesis relates to the impact of professionalism on the Royal Canadian Air Force, 1945-1964. He recently retired from the Canadian Forces after a 29-year career and began a second career conducting operational research for the Canadian Department of National Defence. His current employment is with the Canadian Forces Experimentation Centre, where he is the acting team leader responsible for the identification and development of future concepts. ABSTRACT This study seeks to assess the efficacy of United Nations peacekeeping missions. Using qualitative analysis to categorize these missions as successful, partially successful or unsuccessful, the location, timing, duration, size, interstate versus intrastate peacekeeping, and peacekeeper density of missions are then examined against the level of success encountered. The results of this study suggest that some of these factors do provide limited indications of the chances for mission success. INTRODUCTION For more than 50 years, United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions have been one of the cornerstones of international efforts to restore or support governance and stability. Since -
MEDALS of the IRISH DEFENCE FORCES MEDALS of the IRISH DEFENCE FORCES
Óglaigh na hÉireann MEDALS OF THE IRISH DEFENCE FORCES MEDALS OF THE IRISH DEFENCE FORCES 1st Edition (October 2010) CONTENTS SECTION TITLE PAGE No. Irish Defence Forces Medals 7 - 26 UN Medals 27 - 67 EU Medals 69 - 80 UN Mandated Medals 81 - 90 War of Independence Medals 91 - 96 Wearing of Medals 97 - 105 Index 106 - 107 Acknowledgements and References 108 INTRODUCTION The award of medals for services rendered is generally associated with the military. Military medals are bestowed in recognition of specific acts or service which can vary in significance from routine duty to bravery and valour. Irrespective of their provenance, military medals are highly valued and are regarded as representing all that is best in the field of human endeavour. They are seen as being earned and merited by the recipient and in the Defence Forces this sense of worth is enhanced by the strict conditions attaching to the awards. Medals in the Defence Forces fall into two broad categories: medals awarded by the Minister for Defence on the recommendation of the Chief of Staff and medals awarded to qualifying personnel for service overseas on Government approved missions. The first category comprises the Military Medal for Gallantry and the Distinguished Service Medal, which can be awarded for acts of bravery, gallantry, courage, leadership or devotion to duty and the Military Star, a posthumous decoration awardable to personnel killed as a direct result of hostile action. These medals may only be awarded following rigorous investigation by a board of officers appointed by the Chief of Staff. Also in this category are the Service Medal, which recognises service in the Defence Forces for a minimum fixed period and the United Nations Peacekeepers Medal, which recognises service overseas with a UN mandated mission. -
Enhancing the Role of Civil Society Organizations in a Post- Conflict Setting: a Review of Central American Conflicts in the 1990S
Fordham University Fordham Research Commons Senior Theses International Studies Spring 5-22-2021 Enhancing the Role of Civil Society Organizations in a Post- Conflict Setting: A Review of Central American Conflicts in the 1990s Leticia Guadalupe Murillo Follow this and additional works at: https://research.library.fordham.edu/international_senior Part of the Latin American History Commons ENHANCING THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN A POST CONFLICT SETTING A review of the Central American conflicts in the 1990s Leticia G. Murillo [email protected] Fordham University, International Studies, Global Affairs Track Thesis Advisor: Sarah Lockhart, [email protected] Thesis Professor: Caley Johnson, [email protected] Murillo 1 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 2 Abstract .................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4 Literature Review ................................................................................................................... 5 The Importance of Civil Society Organizations .................................................................................. 5 Inclusion of CSOs at the Negotiation Table ...................................................................................... -
Vienna, 24 April 1963 .ENTRY INTO FORCE 19 March 1967, In
6. VIENNA CONVENTION ON CONSULAR RELATIONS Vienna, 24 April 1963 ENTRY. INTO FORCE 19 March 1967, in accordance with article 77. REGISTRATION: 8 June 1967, No. 8638. STATUS: Signatories: 48. Parties: 179. TEXT: United Nations, Treaty Series , vol. 596, p. 261. Note: The Convention was adopted on 22 April 1963 by the United Nations Conference on Consular Relations held at the Neue Hofburg in Vienna, Austria, from 4 March to 22 April 1963. The Conference also adopted the Optional Protocol concerning Acquisition of Nationality, the Optional Protocol concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, the Final Act and three resolutions annexed to that Act. The Convention and the two Protocols were deposited with the Secretary- General of the United Nations. The Final Act, by unanimous decision of the Conference, was deposited in the archives of the Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Austria. For the proceedings of the Conference, see United Nations Conference on Consular Relations, Official Records, vols. I and II (United Nations publication, Sales Nos.: 63.X.2 and 64.X.1). The text of the Convention, two Protocols, Final Act and resolutions is published in vol. II. Ratification, Ratification, Accession(a), Accession(a), Participant Signature Succession(d) Participant Signature Succession(d) Albania......................................................... 4 Oct 1991 a Cameroon.....................................................21 Aug 1963 22 May 1967 Algeria .........................................................14 Apr 1964 a Canada