Filmographie 1905–1931 (Früher Seuchenfilm / Seuchen Im Stummfilm) Kompiliert Und Eingeleitet Von Dennis Henkel

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Filmographie 1905–1931 (Früher Seuchenfilm / Seuchen Im Stummfilm) Kompiliert Und Eingeleitet Von Dennis Henkel Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Dennis Henkel Der Seuchenfilm: Epidemien und virale Infektionen im Film Teil I: Filmographie 1905–1931 (Früher Seuchenfilm / Seuchen im Stummfilm) 2020-07-22 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14137 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Henkel, Dennis: Der Seuchenfilm: Epidemien und virale Infektionen im Film Teil I: Filmographie 1905–1931 (Früher Seuchenfilm / Seuchen im Stummfilm). Westerkappeln: DerWulff.de 2020-07-22 (Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere 193). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14137. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: http://berichte.derwulff.de/0193_20.pdf Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0/ Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0/ License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere 193, 2020: Epidemiefilm I. Redaktion und Copyright dieser Ausgabe: Hans J. Wulff u. Ludger Kaczmarek. ISSN 2366-6404. URL: http://berichte.derwulff.de/0193_20.pdf. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Letzte Änderung: 22.07.2020. Der Seuchenfilm: Epidemien und virale Infektionen im Film Teil I: Filmographie 1905 19!1 (Fr#her Seuchenfilm / Seuchen im Stummfilm) Kompiliert und eingeleitet von Denni' Henkel Inhalt: 1. Einführung: Siechtum und Seuche im Stummfilm: Präambel zu einem Epochenüberblick [ ! . "er frühe Seuchenfilm. Eine kleine Filmographie zu Infektionskrankheiten im Stummfilm, 1'()*1'+1 [1 ! +. Quellen [)1! Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere wird herausgegeben von Hans J. Wulff und Ludger Kaczmarek in Verbindung mit Anna Drum (Dresden), Sophie G. Einwächter (Marburg), Dietmar Kammerer (Marburg), Franz Obermeier (Kiel) und Sebastian Stoppe (Leipzig). Epidemiefilm I -1'()*1'+1. // Medienwissenschaft& 1'0& ( ( /// Teil I: Filmographie Fr#her Seuchenfilm / Seuchen im Stummfilm, 1905 19!1 1* Einf#hrung: Siechtum und Seuche im Stummfilm: +räam-el zu einem Epochen#-er-lick /or0ort 1ei einem derart gro2en und heterogenen 3orpu% 4ie dem 5orliegenden 4ürde ein Epochenüber6 blick mit 7ollständigkeit%6Prämisse den 8ahmen sprengen. "aher soll dieser 1eitrag als repräsen6 tati5 5erstanden 4erden& Sch4erpunkte und 9endenzen au#deckend& um 4eitere $orschungsarbei6 ten zu erleichtern und zu ermöglichen. ;u# die Inklusion 5on 5erschollenen oder nicht :ffentlich zugänglichen $ilmen 4urde 5erzichtet [1! * der geneigte =eser kann aber mi>els der kommentier6 ten $ilmographie einen Ein%tieg zur 7ertie#ung der ?ematiken 5on Seuchen und In#ektionskrank6 heiten im %tummen @ino finden. Tod durch 1ero'ol Aahrhundertelang zählte die 9uberkulose -913. zu den häufigsten 9odesursachen& und die Spani6 sche Brippe bescherte dem Ccommon coldD eine neue "imension der 1edrohlichkeit. "ie% %ind Emstände& die unterstreichen& 4ie stark ;temwegsin#ekte die Fenschheit über Aahrtausende mal6 trätierten. "ie Sch4indsucht 4urde im Stummfilm oG porträtiert& denn ob4ohl die Erkrankungs6 rate zurückging, brachten neue 4issenschaGliche Erkenntni%se grundlegende 7eränderungen im @rankheit%6 4ie Prä5ention%5erständnis. "ieser Emstand bescherte der 913 dramaturgische 8ol6 len in gro2en @lassikern 4ie kleinen =ehrfilmchen& die an anderer Stelle genauer besprochen 4er6 den [ !. Nicht 4eniger gro2e% ;u#sehen erregte die InIuenza& die ;n#ang de% (. Aahrhundert% mit ihrer bi% dato t:dlichsten Pandemie die Fenschheit gei2elte. Jie der $ilmemacher ". J. BriKth die @a6 tastrophe in seinem #rühen $ilm The Country Doctor schon 1'(' antizipierte& 4urde eben#alls an anderer Stelle dargestellt [+!. Jir beginnen den Strei#zug im Aahr 1'1'& in dem nicht nur die bisher 4ohl #atalste InIuenza6Jelle der Fenschheitsgeschichte 4ütete& sondern auch ein kinemato6 graphischer 7ersuch& der Seuche Lerr zu 4erden& die @inosäle erhellte: In Dr. Wise on Influenza -Bro2britannien 1'1'& Aoseph 1est. [0! tri> der * 4ahrscheinlich fikti5e& jeden#alls charakterisierend benannte * Fediziner als Erzähler au#& der seine Jeisheiten zum @amp# gegen die InIuenza zum 1esten gibt. "a% =ehrstück lässt einen erkrankten Protagoni%ten alle LNgiene6$auxpa% begehen& die dem medizinisch ungebildeten Patienten zum 7erhängni% 4er6 den k:nnen: Er geht trotz eindeutiger SNmptome zur ;rbeit& 5ernachlässigt in :ffentlichen 7er6 kehrsmi>eln 4ie bei seinem Aob jegliche ;bstand%6 und LNgieneregeln& bi% er in Ccritical conditi6 onD 5erfällt und an den @omplikationen 5erstirbt. ;u% filmhistorischer Perspekti5e sehen 4ir erste mikro%kopische ;u#nahmen [)! 5on Erregern& 4erden in LNgiene gema2regelt und erfahren& 4ie ein Patient Benesung erlangte: Er gurgelte eine @aliuml:sung [P!. 1edenkt man& da%% der $ilm mi>en im 5erheerenden ;usbruch de% L1H1 SubtNpu% de% InIuenzastamms erschien& kann kaum noch 5on Prä5ention als 5ielmehr 5om 7ersuch der akuten Inter5ention die 8ede sein. Qb die% rein Epidemiefilm I -1'()*1'+1. // Medienwissenschaft& 1'0& ( ( /// + mediale ;uRlärung be4erkstelligen kann& lässt der damals 4eitestgehend unaKzierte 7erlau# der Spanischen Brippe bez4ei#eln& auch 4enn die dri>e Jelle um 1' ( 4eniger letal zuschlug. "er $ilm endet mit einem 1onmot& da%% in Seiten der 3o5id61'*@rise zu einer ;rt anachronisti6 schem "TMU65u führt: "em Suschauer 4ird nicht nur da% 9ragen einer Fa%ke an% Lerz gelegt& er 4ird sogar direkt adre%%iert und geschult: "ie theatralische 5ierte Jand 4ird durchbrochen und da% Cdo6it6NourselfD6;n#ertigen 5on Besichtsmasken 5orgeführtV Jelchen 1enefit man sich 5om 9ragen de% Fund6 und Nasenschutze% 5ersprach& für 4ie gro2 man den protekti5en Effekt hielt oder ob Selbst6 und $remdschutz die Intention 4ar& lässt diese #rühe kinematographische 1astel6 stunde leider offen. Das un-ekannte 23se "a% filmische 7iru% bz4. 1akterium 4urde 5on $ilmemachern gerne als unbekannte%& #remde% und neuartige% =ebe4esen in%zeniert& da% die BesellschaG sub5ersierte und in #renetische% 3haos stürz6 te. "ie% mag häufig 4ie ein LitchcockWscher FacBuKn zur Erzeugung der Peripetie anmuten * man denke hier an beliebige modernere Sombie6 und Endzeitfilme *& k:nnte aber auch als drama6 turgische% Fi>el zur FN%tifizierung de% $einde% oder zur Ent#remdung de% Publikums -5om ei6 gentlich ubiXuitären @eim) 5erstanden 4erden. Ein anderer Interpretationsansatz impliziert aber Yberraschendes: 8ealitätskon#ormität. "enn nicht nur die Spanische Brippe 4ar an#angs ein 5oll6 kommene% 8ätsel für die damalige Fedizin4elt [Z!& auch aktuelle Pandemien 4ie der S;8S63o56 *;u[ruch 4aren für die JissenschaGler im ;usbruchsort Juhan initial ohne klar identifizierten Erreger. Nebulö% bedrohliche Fikroorganismen als @ino6Entität k:nnen daher durchau% als Spie6 gelung menschlicher 8ealitätserfahrung ge4ertet 4erdenV "en filmischen Einstieg in% unbekannte @eimmilieu macht Lægen -"änemark 1'1\& $ritz Fa6 gnussen.& in dem ein ge4isser "r. =e>er 5ersucht& die Fenschheit 5or der Extinktion durch Fikro6 organismen zu be4ahren. Erstaunlich scheint au% medizinhistorischer Perspekti5e& da%% der "ok6 tor mi>els ;ntigentherapie die Si5ilisation re>et [\!. "och zu5or präsentiert der $ilmemacher da% ganze Panorama an Seuchen6@lischees: Fan %ieht& 4ie erste Qp#er heillose Panik in den Stra2en 5erursachen& Politiker& die hilf6 und ratlo% deba>ieren& so4ie 8affke%& die 5ersuchen& au% der @ata6 strophe Profit zu schlagen * 4omit der $ilm die Seuche nutzt& um in zeitgen:ssische @apitalismu%6 kritik einzustimmen. Enterstrichen 4ird diese "eutung durch den garstig porträtierten dänischen Beldadel, der die unhaltbare Yberzeugung hegt& Seuchen seien lediglich ein Problem der Fi>ello6 sen und 7erarmten. ;m Ende triumphiert der ;rzt * einiger Intrigen zum 9rotz * und imponiert als PrototNpu% de% omnipotenten Leilers. "och die 8egiearbeit zeigt auch die Be#ahren der modernen $orschung au#: Ein kleiner Einbruch in da% pri5ate =abor de% Fedicu% genügt& um die ;ntigen6Seren zu 5ertau6 schen und die Existenz de% ;rzte% so4ie der gesamten 1e5:lkerung zu bedrohen. @apitalismu%6 kritik& "arstellung 5on $orschungsrisiken und ^rztehuldigung * Fagnussen 5erpackt die% solide im Fantel de% Pandemiefilms und zeichnet ein "Nstopia& da%% da% Publikum bi% heute in seinen 1ann ziehen kann. Eine gänzlich andere Interpretation de% Emgangs mit In#ektionen und Seuchen #ordert der ES6 amerikanische Spielfilm The Man Beneath -ES; 1'1'& Jilliam Jorthington. ab. "er Protagonist "r. 3hindi ;shutor reist in sein Leimatland Indien& um eine unbekannte Seuche zu bekämp#en. "er Plot 4endet %ich schnell 5on der Seuchenthematik ab und e5olviert in eine Beheimbund67er6 sch4:rung, die den ;rzt und einen mitreisenden $reund bedroht. "ie 8e>ung 5or der Beheimor6 ganisation be4erkstelligt ein Scheintod6Fedikament& 4elche% den gejagten $reund als Seuchento6 ten CtarntD und da% "uo überleben lässt. "ie @rankheit 4ird hier instrumentalisiert& er4eist sich als äu2er%t nützlich und 4ird zur 8ahmenbedingung de% LappN6End%V 7erharmlost 4ird die @rankheit aber nicht& denn "r. ;shutor 4ird am Ende 5or ein ethisches "ilemma gestellt und mu%% sich -in einer langen& melodramatischen SeXuenz. z4ischen seinem Pri5atleben und seiner Pro#e%6 sion entscheiden: C7olksheil“ gehe über da% CLerzD& 5erkündet ein S4ischentitel * erneut eine ;rztfigur& 5on der er4artet 4ird& au# @osten de% Pri5atleben% gänzlich in der 8olle de% Leilers au#6
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