Serfdom in Russia

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Serfdom in Russia Presentation developed for the Center for Slavic and East European Studies at The Ohio State University by Kathryn Metz What is feudalism? • Tsar gave land to the nobility • Nobility repaid Tsar by serving in army • Serfs worked the land and gave harvest to nobility in exchange for military protection. Origins • Began in Kievan Rus’ in 11th Century • “Russkaya Pravda” – Russian Justice: a document from 1248 that was the source of Russian law and described how serfs should be treated • Full serfdom achieved in 15th Century under Ivan III • No freedom of movement • Russian landowners had control over serfs • Serfs were taxed if they did not bring the harvest to their masters • In Russia, serfdom only existed in central and southern Russia; not in the north nor in Siberia Life as a Serf • Serfs were bought and sold by landlords • Bound to land; leaving land was criminal offense • Some serfs were owned by the State, and others by private individuals • Serfs worked in Russian factories in the 1800s • Russian army conscripted serfs to serve in military Emancipation of Russian Serfs, 1861 • Tsar Alexander II lost the Crimean War • Realized Russia’s military was no longer a world power • Russia was backwards • Russia’s serf based military and economy could not compete with the technological and industrialized West • Alexander II told the nobility: “It is better to abolish serfdom from above than to wait for the time when it will begin to abolish itself from below.” • Alexander II introduced liberal reforms and freed the serfs in 1861 • 23 million serfs were freed Emancipation Manifesto • Freed serfs on farms and in households • Former serfs had right to own land • Villages had right to distribute land to former serfs • Freed serfs had rights to citizenship, land ownership, and could marry without needing permission from their owners. • However, there were problems… Problems with Freedom • Household serfs received no land, only freedom • Freed serfs given less land than they needed to survive • “redemption tax” was so high that they had to sell all their grain to pay it • For several years, famine struck many parts of Russia Russian Serfs vs. American Slaves • Compare and contrast life as a Russian serf with life as an American slave. .

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202 Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher S.R.O
European Journal of Contemporary Education, 2020, 9(1) Copyright © 2020 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. All rights reserved. Published in the Slovak Republic European Journal of Contemporary Education E-ISSN 2305-6746 2020, 9(1): 202-211 DOI: 10.13187/ejced.2020.1.202 www.ejournal1.com WARNING! Article copyright. Copying, reproduction, distribution, republication (in whole or in part), or otherwise commercial use of the violation of the author(s) rights will be pursued on the basis of international legislation. Using the hyperlinks to the article is not considered a violation of copyright. The History of Education The Public Education System in Voronezh Governorate in the Period 1703–1917. Part 1 Aleksandr А. Cherkasov a , b , с , *, Sergei N. Bratanovskii d , e, Larisa A. Koroleva f a International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research, Washington, USA b Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russian Federation с American Historical Association, Washington, USA d Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation e Institute of State and Law of RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation f Penza State University of Architecture and Construction, Penza, Russian Federation Abstract This paper examines the public education system in Voronezh Governorate in the period 1703–1917. This part of the collection represents an attempt to reproduce a picture of how the region’s public education system developed between 1703 and 1861. In putting this work together, the authors drew upon a pool of statistical data published in Memorandum Books for Voronezh Governorate, reports by the Minister of Public Education, and Memorandum Books for certain educational institutions (e.g., the Voronezh Male Gymnasium).
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Macmaster2016.Pdf (2.463Mb)
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. The Transformative Impact of the Slave Trade on the Roman World, 580 - 720 Thomas J. MacMaster Thesis submitted for PhD The University of Edinburgh 2015 T. J. MacMaster, The Transformative Impact of the Slave Trade on the Roman World, 1 580-720 T. J. MacMaster, The Transformative Impact of the Slave Trade on the Roman World, 2 580-720 Declaration: This is to certify that that the work contained within has been composed by me and is entirely my own work. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification. Signed: T. J. MacMaster, The Transformative Impact of the Slave Trade on the Roman World, 3 580-720 T. J. MacMaster, The Transformative Impact of the Slave Trade on the Roman World, 4 580-720 Table of contents 4 List of Abbreviations 6 Introduction: Slave trading between antiquity and the middle ages 8 1.
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