Atlas 35: Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs from Manta (surface) samples collected on CalCOFI surveys from 1977 to 2000. Published May 2002.

23 May 2007

References to the data, published in annual ichthyoplankton data reports are given in the introduction to the Atlas. In addition, these data are available in PDF format on the SWFSC web site at http://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/swcpub/qryPublications.asp, enter "ichthyoplankton" in the Subject line and "California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations" in the Title line. Checking the ALL YEARS button will produce the entire list of available data.

The report for each year usually is published about 7-9 months after the fall cruise, and includes notes about nomenclature changes, etc. The ultimate goal is to update the old ichthyoplankton identifications to current standards; the database is updated as re- identifications for each cruise are completed.

CRLlFORIllR COOPERRTIUE OIEUIlIC FI5tiERIES IIlUE5TlGRTlOIl5 ATLAS No. 35 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS

Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY

MAY, 2002 THE CALCOFI ATLAS SERIES

This is the thirty-fifth in a series of atlases containing data on the hydrography and plankton from the region of the California Current. The field work was carried out by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations', a program sponsored by the following agencies:

California Department of Fish and Game National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

CalCOFI atlases2are issued as individual units as they become available. They provide processed physical, chemical, and biological measurements of the California Current region. Each number may contain one or more contributions. A general description ofthe CalCOFI program with its objectives appears in the preface of Atlas No. 2.

CalCOFI Atlas Editorial Board: CalCOFI Coordinator:

Elizabeth L. Venrick Kevin T. Hill Richard A. Neal Laura Rogers-Bennett

CalCOFI atlases in this series, through May 2000 are:

No. 1. Anonymous. 1963. CalCOFI atlas of 10-meter temperatures and salinities 1949-1 959. No. 2. Fleminger, A. 1964. Distributional atlas of calanoid copepods in the California Current region, Part 1. No. 3. Alvariiio, A. 1965. Distributional atlas of Chaetognatha in the California Current region. No. 4. Wyllie, J. G. 1966. Geostrophic flow ofthe California Current at the surface and at 200 meters. No. 5. Brinton, E. 1967. Distributional atlas of Euphausiacea (Crustacea) in the California Current region, Part I. No. 6. McGowan, J. A. 1967. Distributional atlas of pelagic molluscs in the California Current region. No. 7. Fleminger, A. 1967. Distributional atlas of calanoid copepods in the California Current region, Part 11. No. 8. Berner, L. D. 1967. Distributional atlas of Thaliacea in the California Current region. No. 9. Kramer, D. and E. H. Ahlstrom. 1968. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax (Girard), 195 1-1 965. No. 10. Isaacs, J. D., A. Fleminger, and J. K. Miller. 1969. Distributional atlas of zooplankton biomass in the California Current region: Spring and Fall, 1955-1959. No. 11. Ahlstrom, E. H. 1969. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: jack mackerel, Trachurus symmetricus, and Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, 195 1-1959. No. 12. Kramer, D. 1970. Distributional atlas of fish eggs and larvae in the California Current region: Pacific sardine, Sardinops caerulea (Girard), 1951-1 966. No. 13. Smith, P. E. 197 1. Distributional atlas of zooplankton volume in the California Current region, 195 1-1966. No. 14. Isaacs, J. D., A. Fleminger, and J. K. Miller. 1971. Distributional atlas of zooplankton biomass in the California Current region: Winter, 1955-1959.

Usually abbreviated CalCOFI, sometimes CALCOFI

* For citation this issue in the series should be referred to as CalCOFI Atlas No. 35. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 67-4236.

11 No. 15. Wyllie, J. G. and R. J. Lynn. 1971. Distribution of temperature and salinity at 10 meters, 1960-1969 and mean temperature, salinity and oxygen at 150 meters, 1950-1968 in the California Current. No. 16. Crowe, F. J. and R. A. Schwartzlose. 1972. Release and recovery records of drift bottles in the California Current region, 1955-1971. No. 17. Ahlstrom, E. H. 1972. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: six common mesopelagic species -Vinciguerria lucetia, Triphoturus mexicanus, Stenobrachius leucopsarus, Leuroglossus stilbius, Bathylagus wesethi, and Bathylagus ochotensis, 1955-1 960. No. 18. Brinton, E. 1973. Distributional atlas of Euphausiacea (Crustacea) in the California Current region, Part 11. No. 19. Bowman, T. E. and M. W. Johnson. 1973. Distributional atlas of calanoid copepods in the California Current region, 1949 and 1950. No. 20. Thomas, W. H. and D. L. R. Seibert. 1974. Distribution of nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, and silicate in the California Current region, 1969. Owen, R. W., Jr. 1974. Distribution of primary production, plant pigments and Secchi depth in the California Current region, 1969. Smith, P. E. 1974. Distribution of zooplankton volumes in the California Current region, 1969. No. 2 1. Fleminger, A., J. D. Isaacs, and J. G. Wyllie. 1974. Zooplankton biomass measurements from CalCOFI cruises of July 1955 to 1959 and remarks on comparison with results from October, January, and April cruises of 1955 to 1959. No. 22. Namias, J. 1975. Northern hemisphere seasonal sea level pressure and anomaly charts, 1947- 1974. No. 23. Ahlstrom, E. H. and H. G. Moser. 1975. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California current region: flatfishes, 1955-1 960. No. 24. Brinton, E. and J. G. Wyllie. 1976. Distributional atlas of euphausiid growth stages off southern California, 1953-1 956. No. 25. Eber, L. E. 1977. Contoured depth-time charts (0 to 200 m, 1950-1966) oftemperature, salinity, oxygen and sigma-t at 23 CalCOFI stations in the California Current. No. 26. Ahlstrom, E. H., H. G. Moser, and E. M. Sandknop. 1978. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: rockfishes, Sebastes spp., 1950-1975. No. 27. Namias, J. 1979. Northern hemisphere seasonal 700 mb height and anomaly charts, 1947-1978, and associated North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies. No. 28. Hewitt, R. 1980. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax (Girard), 1966-1 979. No. 29. Namias, J. 1981. Teleconnections of 700 mb height anomalies for the northern hemisphere. No. 30. Lynn, R. J., K. A. Bliss, and L. E. Eber. 1982. Vertical and horizontal distributions of seasonal mean temperature, salinity, sigma-t, stability, dynamic height, oxygen, and oxygen saturation in the California Current, 1950-1978. No. 31. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, S. R. Charter, C. A. Meyer, E. M. Sandknop, and W. Watson. 1993. Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs in the California Current region: taxa with 1000 or more total larvae, 195 1-1984. No. 32. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, S. R. Charter, C. A. Meyer, E. M. Sandknop, and W. Watson. 1994. Distributional atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: taxa with less than 1000 total larvae, 1951-1984. No. 33. Moser, H. G. (ed.). 1996. The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. No. 34. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. 2001. Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs in the Southern California Bight region: 195 1-1998. No. 35. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. 2002. Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs from Manta (surface) samples collected on CalCOFI surveys from 1977 to 2000.

... 111 DISTRIBUTIONAL ATLAS OF FISH LARVAE AND EGGS FROM MANTA (SURFACE) SAMPLES COLLECTED ON CALCOFI SURVEYS FROM 1977 TO 2000

Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop

CalCOFI ATLAS NO. 35

Kevin T. Hill, CalCOFI Coordinator California Department of Fish and Game Southwest Fisheries Science Center 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive La Jolla, CA 92037-1508

May, 2002 DISTRIBUTIONAL ATLAS OF FISH LARVAE AND EGGS FROM MANTA (SURFACE) SAMPLES COLLECTED ON CALCOFI SURVEYS FROM 1977 TO 2000

Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop3

CONTENTS early survey (Ahlstrom and Stevens 1976) in the northeast Pacific (20”-48” N, seaward to 148”W), Introduction ...... vii employing a neuston4 net, provided initial Relative Abundance: Manta vs. Oblique .....xi information on the distribution and abundance of Larval Fish Assemblages ...... xi surface-living ichthyoplankton in this region. Gruber Length Frequencies ...... xii et al. (1982) used a neuston net of the same design Explanation of Charts and Graphs ...... to sample ichthyoplankton in a two-year study in the xii... Southern California Bight (SCB). These early Acknowledgments ...... xiii... Literature Cited ...... xi11 studies provided useful information; however, the Tables ...... xviii volume of water filtered by the nets could not be Text Figures ...... xxxiv measured, thus the catches could not be List of Taxa ...... XI standardized. Doyle (1992a, b), used a quantitative surface sampler (Sameoto and Jaroszynski 1969) in Charts and Graphs ...... 1 a study of the distribution and abundance of ichthyoplankton off northern California, Oregon, Indices and Washington. The Manta net (Brown and Cheng Alphabetical ...... 95 1981) was used to sample surface ichthyoplankton Phylogenetic ...... 96 in a number of site-intensive studies off the southern California coast (Brewer et al. 198 1 ; Schlotterbeck Introduction and Connally 1982; Barnett et al. 1984; Moser and Pommeranz 1999). Surface waters are inhabited by the early life stages and adults of a large array of fish species. This atlas summarizes the spatial and temporal Eggs and larvae of some species occur throughout the distribution and abundance of 93 ichthyoplankton upper water column whereas those of others are taxa or categories collected in Manta net tows on found exclusively in surface waters and have evolved CalCOFI biological-oceanographic survey cruises special adaptations for life in that zone (Zaitsev from December, 1977 to October, 2000. CalCOFI 1970; Hempel and Weichert 1972; Moser 1981). An Atlases 3 1 and 32 presented distributional

’Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California Usage of the term “neuston” for surface-living marine organisms is controversial because it was applied originally to organisms associated with the surface film in freshwater habitats (Naumann 1917). Banse (1 975) reviewed in detail the evolution of the usage of this term, a related term, “pleuston”, and the various subdivisions of each. Neuston is now used by most workers in referring to the uppermost (upper -10-20 cm) layer of the sea and to the assemblage of organisms that lives in that zone, either permanently or facultatively (Zaitsev 1970; Hempel and Weikert 1972; Peres 1982; Doyle 1992b). We accept this definition and use it interchangeably with the more general term “surface” (e.g., surface waters, surface zone, surface tow, surface assemblage). The net used by Ahlstrom and Stevens (1976) consisted of a rectangular frame, modified from 1-m ring net frame, with Styrofoam floats attached inside the ends. The netting was identical to that used in a standard CalCOFI 1-m ring net with 0.505 mm mesh. There was no flow meter attached to the net frame, which was partially out of the water during the tow.

vii summaries for all taxa taken in oblique tows on extend coastal habitats > 100 n.m. offshore and the surveys that covered the greater CalCOFI sampling basins provide deep-water habitats and area (Figure 1) extending from northern California to zoogeographic refugia for a wealth of midwater Cab0 San Lucas, Mexico during 1951-84. Since species (Moser et al. 2001a). 1985, CalCOFI surveys have been conducted on a quarterly basis over a sampling grid consisting of 66 The cyclic warming and cooling of equatorial standard stations in the SCB region (Figure 2). waters, known as the El NiiiolSouthern Oscillation CalCOFI Atlas 34 summarized distributions and (ENSO), has produced a series of El Niiios abundances of fish eggs and larvae taken in oblique (1957-58, 1963, 1982-83, 1992-93, and 1997) and tows from 195 1 to 1998 in the area defined by the La Niiias (1954-56, 1988-89, 1998-99) in the present survey pattern. Surface sampling with the California Current region. ENSO episodes are Manta net was initiated during the 1977-78 survey. embedded in a low frequency oscillation in the Manta tows were taken on some (- 40%) of the total North Pacific, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation net tow stations during 1977-78 because surface tows (PDO), that is related to basin scale changes in were not yet part ofthe standard station protocol. On atmospheric pressure, particularly the intensification subsequent surveys Manta tows were taken on most and position of the Aleutian Low Pressure System net tow stations (8648% of the stations during (Mantua et a1.1997; Hollowed et al. 1998; Schwing surveys in 1980-85,92% during 1986-87, and >97% et al., in press.). The resulting 20-30 year cooling during1988-2000). and warming cycle produced two cool ocean regimes (1900-24 and 1947-76) and two warm A data base for ichthyoplankton and station data for regimes (1925-46 and 1977-present?) during the all Manta tows taken on 19 CalCOFI surveys from past century. Some investigators (e.g., Minobe 2000; 1977 to 2000 has been established. A data report for Schwing and Moore 2000) have suggested that the the 1977-78 survey is published (Moser et al. 2001 b) 1998-99 La NiAa may have marked a shift from a and the remaining reports are in press (Table 1). warm to a cool regime in the northeast Pacific. Recently, Hare and Mantua (2000) hypothesized The California Current region is one of the most another regime shift in 1989. They found that the oceanographically and zoogeographically complex biological signals associated with this shift were regions in the world ocean. The CalCOFI sampling much clearer than the physical climate indices and grid overlays the California Current, three coastal that the shift did not result in a return to pre-1977 zoogeographic provinces (Oregonian, San Diegan, ocean conditions. Among the apparent biological and Panamic), a coastal upwelling zone, and three consequences of these regime shifts are basin-wide oceanic water masses (Subarctic, Pacific Central, and changes in primary and secondary production and in equatorial water of the eastern tropical Pacific) the abundance of eastern Pacific fish stocks. (Moser 1996; Moser et al. 2001a). These water Production in the California Current region masses converge in the SCB region where decreased dramatically after the regime shift of 1977 complexity is heightened by a field of mesoscale (Brodeur and Ware 1992; Roemmich and McGowan eddies that extends from the inner margin of the 1995a, b; Ware 1995; Hayward 1997; McGowan et California Current into the Bight, an undercurrent al. 1998) as did groundfish and salmon stocks flowing poleward along the slope, a poleward (Francis and Hare 1994; Mantua et al. 1997; flowing inshore countercurrent, and a persistent Francis et a1.1998; Hollowed et al. 1998). Major frontal zone (Ensenada Front) at the southwest corner shifts occurred in the distributions of larval fishes in of the Bight (Lynn and Simpson 1987; Haury et al. response to ENSO events and the PDO, as the 1993). The inner third ofthe present CalCOFI survey boundaries between Subarctic and Equatorial water pattern overlies the continental borderland off masses shifted latitudinally and intrusion of the southern California, a region of complex topography Central Water Mass into the SCB region waxed and that includes the mainland continental shelf and waned (Moser et. al. 1987,2001a; Smith and Moser slope, -13 deep-water basins, and numerous islands 1988). The time series for surface-caught fish and banks and their shelves. The islands and banks larvae represents primarily the warm ocean regime ... VI11 initiated in 1977; however, it spans the regime shifts nominal stations of the present pattern were hypothesized for 1988-89 and 1998-99 and includes assigned to the closest of the 66 nominal stations El Niiio events in 1982-83, 1992-93, and 1997 and (Table 3). Maps and graphs summarizing seasonal La Niiia events in 1988 and 1998-99. In the SCB and annual occurrence and abundance in the SCB region the long-term trend of increasing surface region from 1977 to 2000 are based on the part of temperatures during the warm regime was punctuated the time series defined by the present survey pattern. by episodic increases and decreases during El Niiio Tows prior to 1985 are a subset from the wider- and La Niiia events, respectively (Figure 3A). The ranging CalCOFI surveys (Hewitt 1988; Moser et al. trend for zooplankton volumes during this period was 1993, 1994). An additional 1,415 tows taken north opposite to temperature, with short-term increases and south of the present survey area during 1977- during La Niiia episodes (Figure 3A). During this 78, 1980-8 1, and 1984 were used in the preparation period the average seasonal temperature range was - of broad-scale maps that show the overall 4.5"C, with a March minimum and a September distribution and abundance of taxa taken in Manta maximum (Figure 3B). Maximum zooplankton tows on CalCOFI surveys. volume preceded the temperature peak by 3-4 months with highest values in May-June (Figure 3B). Surface tows were made with a modified version Average temperatures in the borderland region of the of the Manta net originally designed by Brown and CalCOFI survey pattern generally were slightly lower Cheng (1981). It consists of a rectangular mouth than in the offshore region, except during 1981 and 15.5 cm deep and 86 cm wide attached to a frame 1984 when they were - 0.5-1.0 "C higher (Figure that supports square lateral extensions covered with 3C). Average borderland surface temperatures were plywood and urethane foam (Figure 4). These lower than offshore during the first five months of extensions stabilize the net when it is towed and the year, became slightly higher during June and keep the top of the net at the sea surface. The net is August, and were lower during October and constructed of 0.505 mm nylon mesh. The towing November (Figure 3D). Zooplankton volumes in the bridle is asymmetrical with one side longer than the borderland region were consistently slightly higher other; when the net is towed this bridle arrangement than in offshore waters during most years (Figure 3E) forces the mouth away from the ship at a slight and during most months (Figure 3F). The seasonal angle. A General Oceanics flowmeter is suspended peaks differed by one month between the two across the center of the net mouth to measure the regions, with the maximum in May in the borderland amount of water filtered during each tow. At each and in June in offshore waters (Figure 3F). The Manta tow station the tow line from the bridle is information in this atlas is presented in a format that attached to the hydrographic wire and then lowered permits the reader to interpret, in general terms, the to slightly below the surface of the water before the affects that high and low frequency changes in ocean net is deployed. The net is towed at a ship speed of conditions may have had on larval fish populations 1.0-2.0 knots. In 1977-78 tow duration was 3 inhabiting surface waters of the SCB region from minutes; in subsequent survey years the towing time December 1977 to October 2000. for each tow was 15 min. Procedures for sample handling and preservation were the same as those The primary time series for this atlas is composed used for samples from oblique net tows (Kramer et of 4,704 net tows taken during 1977-2000 within the al. 1972). boundaries of the present CalCOFI survey (Tables 2 and 3). These include all standard CalCOFI survey All taxa from the part of the CalCOFI time series Manta tows taken since 1985 when occupancy of the used in this atlas are listed in rank order of present pattern was initiated. On surveys prior to abundance (raw larval count) summed for all 1985 in the Southern California Bight nearshore occurrences (Table 4) and in rank order of total stations did not always correspond to the exact occurrences (Table 5). These tables include 188 positions of the 66 nominal stations used on surveys total larval taxa (including the unidentified and since 1985. In order to expedite the construction of disintegrated categories). Distributional summaries the distribution maps, data for stations other than the are presented for the larval fish taxa that had -1 0 or

ix more total larvae and also for five other categories: species; the generic category is used because a total fish larvae, total fish eggs, and the eggs of small proportion of the Diaphus larvae captured at northern anchovy Engraulis mordax, Pacific sardine the outer margin of the survey pattern may Sardinops sagax, and Pacific saury Cololabis saira. represent other species whose larvae are identical These summaries were not produced for some higher to those of D. theta. taxonomic categories (genera, families, orders) that contained >10 total larvae (Table 4) because their Disintegrated fish larvae - larvae that could not be distributions were better represented in analyses of identified because of their poor condition; component taxa. In one case, Sebastolobus altivelis separated from the "unidentified" category to and Sebastolobus spp. were combined in order to monitor the general condition of the show the distribution and abundance of the genus. ichthyoplankton samples through the time series.

Since 195 1, fish larvae in CalCOFI samples have Nannobrachium spp. - most of the larvae in this been identified to species or to the lowest taxon that category are small (< 5 mm), often poorly knowledge and specimen condition permitted. The preserved specimens of this genus, recently number of identifiable taxa increased with the separated from Lampanyctus by Zahuranec (2000) improvement of taxonomic knowledge and on the basis of small or absent pectoral fins in competency. Historical identifications were evaluated adults; two Nannobrachium species, N. ritteri thoroughly during the development of the CalCOFI (formerly L. ritteri) and N. regale (formerly L. ichthyoplankton computer data base in 1984-88 and regalis), occur commonly in the present CalCOFI historical advances in the identification process were survey pattern; larvae of these species > - 5 mm standardized at approximately decadal intervals. Our have been identified since 1954 and were referred ability to identify larvae in the California Current to the genus Lampanyctus in CalCOFI Atlases 3 1 region improved greatly during 1988-95 as a result and 32; adults of Nannobrachium species are of taxonomic research that culminated in a much more common than those of Lampanyctus taxonomic monograph on the ontogenetic stages of in the present CalCOFI survey pattern, however, in fishes ofthis region (Moser 1996). This resulted in a samples from the subtropical-tropical eastern - 60% increase in the number of identifiable taxa Pacific the opposite may be true. beginning in 1985. These changes are documented in previous CalCOFI ichthyoplankton data reports and Parophrys vetulus-Sakamoto (1 984) changed atlases; the following interpretive notes and caveats pleuronectid generic designations for some of the are pertinent to this atlas: species in the CalCOFI area, including Parophrys vetulus, which was transferred into Pleuronectes; Ceratoscopelus townsendi - Ceratoscopelus larvae in the CalCOFI sampling region are C. townsendi, although these changes were incorporated in the a species associated with the California Current; at 1istsofRobinsetal.(1991)andEschmeyer(l998) the western margin of the California Current we follow Nelson (1994) in retaining the older (approx. westward of station 200), C. townsendi is nomenclature because Sakamoto's ( 1984) changes replaced by the tropical-subtropical cosmopolite, were based on a phenetic study; also, the older C. warmingii (Wisner 1976; Butler et al. 1997); names are used in the major identification guides larvae of the two species are not distinguishable. to fishes of our region (Miller and Lea 1972, Eschmeyer et al. 1983, Matarese et al. 1989, and Cheilopogon spp. - small damaged specimens that Moser 1996). could not be identified to species; most, perhaps all, are C. heterurus or C. pinnatibarbatus. Unidentified fish larvae-larvae that were generally in good condition but could not be identified Diaphus spp. - Diaphus theta is the dominant because of their small size or early stage of Diaphus species in the survey area and most, if not development. all, of the larvae from the SCB region are this

X Vinciguerria lucetia-V. lucetia, an eastern tropical well as integrated tows, particularly for sampling Pacific species, is common in the present CalCOFI obligate neustonic larvae of heavily impacted region whereas the central water mass species V. nearshore fishes such as cabezon, greenlings, and poweriae is rarely encountered; a small percentage lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus). of V. poweriae larvae may have been included in the V. lucetia category because of the difficulty in Larval Fish Assemblages separating early larvae of the two species. A robust method of revealing assemblages of Relative Abundance: Manta vs. Oblique organisms is to examine their degree of co- occurrence. Recurrent group analysis (Fager 1957, Northern anchovy was the most abundant taxon in 1963) defines groups of taxa that occur together both the Manta and the oblique time series during frequently and thus share a common environment. 1977-2000 in the present survey area (Table 6), Two procedures are used: first an index of affinity accounting for 64.6% of the total larvae in Manta (program name AFFINITY) is calculated for each samples and for 43.2% of the total in oblique pair of taxa that ever occur together and then taxa samples. Other species that were represented in are formed into groups (program name REGROUP) relatively large numbers in Manta samples were using a chosen minimum affinity index (0.2 in this poorly sampled by oblique net tows. For example, study). The category "group member" is Pacific saury ranked third in total count in Manta supplemented by the term "associate" for taxa that samples but only 87" in oblique samples. Mussel have significant affinity indices with one or more blenny Hypsoblennius jenkinsi ranked fourth in total but not all members in one or more of the groups. count in Manta samples and 7 1St in oblique samples; Previous recurrent group analyses of the CalCOFI its congener, H. gilberti, ranked 18" in Manta icthyoplankton time series (Moser et al. 1987; samples and 1931d in oblique samples. Jacksmelt Moser and Smith 1993) have defined larval fish Atherinopsis callforniensis and grunion Leuresthes assemblages from oblique tows taken over the tenuis ranked 10" and 13* in Manta catches but only extended CalCOFI survey pattern from 195 1-84. A 162"d and 2 15", respectively, in oblique catches. recurrent group analysis of neuston and oblique This also was true for some commercially important ichthyoplankton samples from 17 stations within the species such as kelp greenling Hexagrammos continental borderland of the SCB during 1974-76 decagrammus and cabezon Scorpaenichthys revealed two neustonic recurrent groups (Gruber et marmoratus, which ranked 8" and 11" in Manta al. 1982). Group 1 consisted of northern anchovy, samples but only 197* and 105", respectively in the rockfish genus Sebastes, and white croaker oblique samples. Three flyingfish categories (Family Genyonemus lineatus, with the blenny genus Exocoetidae) were captured in moderate numbers by Hypsoblennius, the silversides family Atherinidae, Manta nets but were not taken at all in oblique tows and kelp greenling as associates, and Group 2 (Table 6). Some taxa that were relatively abundant in contained Pacific saury and the flyingfish family oblique samples were rare in Manta catches. For Exocoetidae (Gruber et al. 1982). Our analysis of example, the blacksmelt (Bathylagidae) species, 4,704 net tows taken during 1977-2000 within the Leuroglossus stilbius, Bathylagus ochotensis, and B. boundaries of the present CalCOFI survey pattern, wesethi, have relatively deep-living larvae (Ahlstrom extending seaward to a maximum of - 376 n. mi. 1959; Moser and Smith 1993), and ranked 5", S", and revealed four neustonic recurrent groups (Figure 1 l", respectively, in oblique samples but ranked 8 lst, 5A; Table 7). One group, consisting of northern 70", and 1 12*, in Manta samples. Other examples are anchovy, Sebastes spp., and cabezon, had Pacific the myctophids Protomyctophum crockeri and sardine as an associate and was weakly connected to Diogenichthys utlanticus, which ranked 12" and 17", another three-member group consisting of Pacific respectively, in oblique samples but ranked 84" and barracuda Sphyraena urgentea, mussel blenny, and 81st in Manta net catches during 1977-2000. blacksmith Chromis punctipinnis. The latter group Comparison of catches from the two types of tows had the kelp and sandbass genus Paralabrax and emphasizes the importance of taking surface tows as chub mackerel Scomber japonicus as associates

xi (Figure 5A; Table 7). The other two groups each sablefish), and species that attach their eggs to contained two members and lacked connections with flotsam (e.g., sauries, flyingfishes). For facultative each other or with the three-member groups. Panama taxa the larger sizes may indicate movement of lightfish Vinciguerria lucetia and dogtooth lampfish larger larvae to surface waters during ontogeny or Ceratoscopelus townsendi comprised one group and may reflect diel movements. Hunter and Sanchez the other consisted of two haemulids, sargo (1 976) suggested that northern anchovy larvae swim Anisotremus davidsoni and salema Xenistius to the surface at night, fill their gas bladders with cal ijorn iens is, with gar ibald i Hypsypops rub ic undus air, and remain suspended near the surface during as an associate. Only two taxa, cabezon and mussel non-feeding hours as an energy conservation blenny, in the neustonic recurrent groups are neuston mechanism. Another possibility for the presence of obligates; the others have relatively shallow larger larvae in neuston samples may be related to distributions or, in the case of multiple-species taxa the fact that the upper escape plane is eliminated in (e.g., Sebastes), include species with shallow a surface tow, thus limiting the avoidance options distributions. for a larva trying to escape capture.

The recurrent group assemblage structure for the In the CalCOFI time series, body lengths are oblique samples from the same part of the time series measured for five species during the sorting and was considerably more complex, consisting of two identification processes. Of these species, northern large groups representing the “northern” and anchovy shows the largest disparity in length “southern” complexes of Moser et al. (1987) and frequencies between Manta and oblique catches Moser and Smith (1993) (Figure 5B; Table 8). The (Figure 6A). In oblique samples, the peak is at - 34 eight-member southern complex group (Oblique mm whereas it is at - 10 mm in neuston samples, Group 2) is a mix of species from several of the the length which Hunter and Sanchez (1976) southern complex groups described by Moser et al. proposed for migration to the surface. In Pacific (1987) and has 1 1 southern-complex associate taxa. sardine, peak lengths are at - 5-6 mm for both The six-member northern complex group (Oblique surface and oblique nets; however, the length Group 1) contains two species (E. mordax and frequency curve declines abruptly in oblique Sebastes spp.) in common with one of the neustonic samples whereas relatively large numbers of larvae groups and is strongly interconnected to a group are present in the neuston in length classes up to 20 (Oblique Group 3) composed of three northern mm (Figure 6B). Sardine larvae, like anchovy, are complex midwater species (Figure 5B). Oblique physostomous and may undergo a diel migration Group 3 also is strongly connected to the 1 1-member similar to that suggested for northern anchovy. southern complex group. Associate taxa to the three- Length distributions of the other measured species member group are two rockfish species, Pacific are less disparate for the two samplers. In chub sardine, and jack mackerel. The remaining two mackerel (Figure 6C), the peak length in Manta groups, each with two members, contain shorefish of catches is - 1 mm larger than in oblique net catches the San Diegan province and lack critical affinities (3-4 mm vs. 4-5 mm); otherwise the length with the other recurrent groups and with each other frequency curves are similar. In jack mackerel the (Figure 5B; Table 8). curves are similar with slightly larger larvae in Manta catches (Figure 6D). Pacific hake samples are Length Frequencies dominated by small size classes and average larval lengths of oblique net catches are slightly larger Neuston nets tend to capture relatively larger larvae than those from Manta nets (Figure 6E) (Moser et (both average and maximum lengths) within a given al. 1997). taxon, compared to oblique nets (Moser 198 1 ; Doyle 1992b). Obligate neustonic species generally hatch Explanation of Charts and Graphs from large eggs that produce relatively large larvae. This is true for demersal spawners (e.g., cabezon and The distributions are summarized in a series of other cottids, hexagrammids), pelagic spawners (e.g., maps and graphs, one page per taxon. Abundance of

xii larvae or eggs is expressed as the number per 100 responsible for entry of data into the m3 of water filtered or as the raw count when ichthyoplankton data base. We are especially appropriate. Occurrence is expressed as the grateful for Susan Jacobson's assistance in proportion of positive tows for larvae or eggs of a constructing computer files for the atlas and for her particular taxon. The upper left panel is a map of skillful programming throughout the project. We are average abundance at individual CalCOFI stations grateful to Henry Orr for his excellent work in on the wide-ranging surveys of 1977-78, 1980-81, producing the final versions of the maps and graphs and 1984. The upper right panel is a map of average for this atlas. We thank Kevin Hill, CalCOFI abundance at stations within the boundaries of the Coordinator, and the CalCOFI Committee for their present survey pattern from 1977 to 2000. If a taxon support of this project and for their helpful did not occur during 1977-84 there is no map in the comments on the manuscript. We are indebted to upper left panel. The total raw count of larvae John Hunter, Chief of the Fisheries Resources represented in each map is listed on the map below Division, for his support and encouragement. the range of years. The middle left panel is a graph of seasonal occurrence for the stations where the taxon Literature Cited occurred consistently within the survey area (see Table 9 for the range of stations used in these Ahlstrom, E. H. 1959. Vertical distribution of calculations). The middle right panel is a graph of pelagic fish eggs and larvae off California and average seasonal abundance for the stations where Baja California. Fish. Bull. 60:107-146. the taxon occurred consistently within the survey area (see Table 9). The lower left panel is a graph of Ahlstrom, E. H. and E. G. Stevens. 1976. Report of annual occurrence during the principal spawning neuston (surface) collections made on an extended period at the stations where the taxon occurred CalCOFI cruise during May 1972. Calif. Coop. consistently within the survey area (see Table 9 for Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 18:167-180. the range of months used in these calculations). The lower right panel is a graph of average annual Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. abundance during the principal spawning period of 2002a. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta the taxon for the stations where its larvae were (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative consistently found within the survey area (see Table Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in 9). ENS0 events are indicated by vertical bars (El 1980-81. US. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. NiAo, shading; La Niiia, hatching). Dashed lines Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-3 19. 100 pp. indicate the period of triennial CalCOFI surveys. Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Acknowledgments 2002b. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative The atlas is a result of the dedicated efforts of many Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in people. We are indebted to the founders of the 1985. US. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. CalCOFI program and the many scientists, tech- NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-321.36pp. nicians, and ships' crews who have carried out the surveys. We are especially indebted to David Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Griffith, Ronald Dotson, and Amy Hays, who 2002c. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta conducted the plankton collections during CalCOFI (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative survey cruises for the past decade or more and who Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in are responsible for the high quality of the net tows 1989. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. and associated data and for the excellent condition of NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-325.45pp. the fish eggs and larvae captured in the nets. The samples were sorted by Lucy Dunn, Mary Farrel, Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Jeanne Haddox, Connie Fey, Alice Lumpkins, and 2002d. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Frances Pocinich. Amy Hays and Susan Manion were (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Butler, J. L., H. G. Moser, W. Watson, D. A. 1993. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. Ambrose, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-329.41pp. 1997. Fishes collected by midwater trawl during two cruises of the David Starr Jordan in the Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. northeastern Pacific Ocean, April-June and 2002e. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta September-October, 1972. U.S. Dep. Commer., (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative NOAA Tech. Memo., NOAA-TM-NMFS- Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in SWFSC-244. 83 pp. 1997. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-333.41pp. Charter, S. R, R. L. Charter, and H. G.Moser, 2002a. Ichthyoplankton and the station data for Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Manta (surface) tows taken on California 2002f. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations suvey (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative cruises in 1984. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-320.84pp. 1998. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-S WF SC-33 4.43 pp. Charter, S. R, R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. 2002b. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Ambrose, D. A., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative 2002g. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative 1986. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in NOAA-TM-NMFS-S WFSC-3 22.40 pp. 1999. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-335.39pp, Charter, S. R, R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. 2002c. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Banse, K. 1975. Pleuston and neuston: on the (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative categories of organisms in the uppermost pelagial. Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 60(4):439447. 1990. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-326.41pp. Barnett, M. A., A. E. Jahn, P. D. Sertic, and W. Watson. 1984. Distribution of ichthyoplankton off Charter, S. R, R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. San Onofre, California, and methods for sampling 2002d. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta very shallow coastal waters. Fish. Bull. 82:97-111. (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Brewer, G. D., R. J. Lavenberg, and G. E. McGowen. 1994. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. 1981. Abundance and vertical distribution of fish NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-330.40pp. eggs and larvae in the Southern California Bight: June and October 1978. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons. Doyle, M. J. 1992a. Patterns in distribution and int. Explor. Mer 178: 165-1 67. abundance of ichthyoplankton off Washington, Oregon, and northern California (1 980-1987). Brodeur, R. D. and D. M. Ware. 1992. Long-term U.S. Dep. Commer., Nat. Mar. Fish. Serv., Alaska variability in zooplankton biomass in the subarctic Fish. Sci. Ctr. Proc. Rep. 92-14. 344 pp. Pacific Ocean. Fish. Oceanogr. 1(1):32-38. Doyle, M. J. 1992b. Neustonic ichthyoplankton in Brown, D. M. and L. Cheng. 1981. New net for the northern region of the California Current sampling the ocean surface. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. ecosystem. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 51224-227. 33:141-161.

xiv Eschmeyer, W. N. (ed.). 1998. Catalog of fishes. Hewitt, R. P. 1988. Historical review of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information. oceanographic approach to fishery research. Calif. California Academy of Sciences. Spec. Publ. 1. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 29:27- 41. Vols. 1-111. 2905 pp. Hollowed, A. B., S. R. Hare, and W. S. Wooster. Eschmeyer, W. N., E. S. Herald, and H. Hammann. 1998. Pacific Basin climate variability and 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North patterns of Northeast Pacific marine fish America. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston. 336 pp. production. Pages 89-104 in G. Holloway, P. Muller, and D. Henderson (eds.) Biotic impacts of Fager, E. W. 1957. Determination and analysis of extratropical climate variability in the Pacific. recurrent groups. Ecology 38:586-595. Proc. ‘Aha Huliko’a Hawaiian Winter Workshop, Univ. Hawaii at Manoa, January 25-29, 1998. Fager, E. W. 1963.Communities of organisms. Pages SOEST Spec. Publ. 156 pp. 415-437. In M. N. Hill (ed.). The sea. Vol. 11. Interscience. New York, N.Y. Hunter, J. R. and C. Sanchez. 1976. Diel changes in swim bladder inflation of the larvae of the Francis, R. C. and S. R. Hare. 1994. Decadal-scale northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fish. Bull. regime shifts in the large marine ecosystems of the 74: 847-855. North-east Pacific: a case for historical science. Fish. Oceanogr. 3(4):279-29 1. Kramer, D., M. J. Kalin, E. G. Stevens, J. R. Thrailkill, and J. R. Zwiefel. 1972. Collecting and S. S. Francis, R. C., R. Hare, A. B. Hollowed, and W. processing data on fish eggs and larvae in the Wooster. 1998. Effects of interdecadal climate California Current region. NOAA Tech. Rep. variability on the oceanic ecosystems of the NE NMFS Circ-370, 38 pp. Pacific. Fish. Oceanogr. 7( 1):1-21. Lynn, R. J. and J. J. Simpson. 1987. The California Gruber, D., E. H. Ahlstrom, and M. M. Mullin. 1982. Current System: The seasonal variability of its Distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Southern physical characteristics. J. Geophys. Res. 92 California Bight. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. (C12): 12,947-12,966. Rep. 23 : 172- 179. Mantua, N. J., S. R. Hare, Y. Zhang, J. M. Wallace, Hare, S. R. and N. J. Mantua. 2000. Empirical and R. C. Francis. 1997. A Pacific interdecadal evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989. Prog. Oceanogr. 47: 103-145. climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull. Amer. Meteor. SOC. Haury, L. R., E. L. Venrick, C. L. Fey, J. A. 78: 1069-1 079. McGowan, and P. P. Niiler. 1993. The Ensenada Front: July 1985. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Matarese, A. C., A. W. Kendall, Jr., D. M. Blood, Rep. 34:69-88. and B. M. Vinter. 1989. Laboratory guide to early life history stages of northeast Pacific fishes. U.S. Hayward, T. L. 1997. Pacific ocean climate change: Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS 80. atmospheric forcing, ocean circulation and 652 pp. ecosystem response. TREE. 12(4): 150-1 54. McGowan, J. S., D. R. Cayan, and L. M. Dorman. Hempel, G. and H. Weikert. 1972. The neuston ofthe 1998. Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem subtropical and boreal northeastern Atlantic Ocean. response in the northeast Pacific. Science. A review. Mar. Biol. 13:70-88. 281 :210-217.

xv Miller, D. J. and R. N. Lea. 1972. Guide to the Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, D. A. Ambrose, and E. coastal marine fishes ofCalifornia. Calif. Dep. Fish M. Sandknop. 2001 b. Ichthyoplankton and station Game Fish Bull. 157. 235 pp. data for Manta (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Maser, H, G. 1981. Morphological and functional survey cruises in 1977-78. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC- aspects of marine fish larvae. Pages 89-13 1 in R. 313.58 pp. Lasker, ed. Marine fish larvae. Morphology, ecology, and relation to fisheries. Univ. Wash. Moser, H. G., N. C. H. Lo, and P. E. Smith. 1997. Press, Seattle. Vertical distribution of Pacific hake eggs in relation to stage of development and temperature. Moser, H. G. (ed.). 1996. The early stages of fishes Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. Rep. 38:120- in the California Current region. CalCOFI Atlas 33. 126. 1505 pp, Moser, H. G., P. E. Smith, and L. E. Eber. 1987. Moser, H. G. and T. Pommeranz. 1999. Vertical Larval fish assemblages in the California Current distribution of eggs and larvae of northern anchovy, region, 1954-1960, a period of dynamic Engraulis mordax, and of the larvae of associated environmental change. Calif. Coop. Oceanic Fish. fishes at two sites in the Southern California Bight. Invest. Rep. 28:97-127. Fish. Bull. 97:920-943. Naumann, E. 1917. Beitrage zur Kenntnis des Teichnannoplanktons. 11. Uber das Neuston das Moser, H. G. and P. E. Smith. 1993. Larval fish Siisswassers. Bioi. Zentralbl. 37:98-106. assemblages of the California Current region and their horizontal and vertical distributions across a ~~l~~~,J. s. 1994. Fishes of the world, Third front. Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 645-691. edition. John Wiley and Sons, N.Y. 600 pp.

Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. Peres, J. M. 1982. Specific pelagic assemblages: 1. Ambrose, S. R. Charter, C. A. Meyer, E. M. Assemblages at the air-ocean interface In Marine Sandknop, and W. Watson. 1993. Distributional Ecology. 0. Kinne (ed.). 5 (1):313-372. atlas of fish larvae and eggs in the California Current region: taxa with IO00 or more total larvae, Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. W. 195 1 through 1984. CalCOFI Atlas 3 1.233 pp. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea, and B. Scott. 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada, fifth Maser' H’ G” R. L’ Charter’ p‘ E’ Smith’ D. A’ edition, Am. Fish. SOC.Spec, Publ. 20. 183 pp. Ambrose, S. R. Charter, C. A. Meyer, E. M. Sandknop, and W. Watson. 1994. Distributional Roemmich, D. and J. McGowan. 1995a. Climatic atlas of fish larvae in the California Current region: warming and decline of zooplankton in the taxa with less than 1000 total larvae, 195 1 through California Current. Science. 267: 1324-1 326. 1984. CalCOFI Atlas 32. 181 pp. Roemmich, D. and J. McGowan. 1995b. Sampling Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, P. E. Smith, D. A. zooplankton: correction. Science. 268:352-353. Ambrose, W. Watson, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. 200 1a. Distributional atlas of fish larvae Sakamoto, K. 1984. Interrelationships of the family and eggs in the Southern California Bight region: Pleuronectidae (Pisces: Pleuronectiformes). Mem. 1951-1998. CalCOFI Atlas 34. 166 pp. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. 31:95-215.

xvi Sameoto, D. D. and L. 0. Jaroszynski. 1969. Otter Minobe, S. 2000. Spatio-temporal structure of the surface trawl: a new neuston net. J. Fish. Res. Bd. pentadecadal variability over the North Pacific. Can. 26:2240-2244. Prog. Oceanogr.47:38 1408.

Sandknop, E. M., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Watson, W., R. L. Charter, andH. G. Moser. 2002a. 2002a. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative (surface ) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in 1987. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOM Tech. Memo. 1988. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo., NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-323.40pp. NOAA-TM-NMF S- S WFSC-324.44 pp.

Sandknop, E. M., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Watson, W., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. 2002b. 2002b. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in 1991. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. 1992. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-S WF SC-327.4 1 pp. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-328.40pp.

Sandknop, E. M., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. Watson, W., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. 2002c. 2002c. Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in 1995. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. 1996. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-33 1.42 pp. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-332.45pp.

Schlotterbeck, R. E. and D. W. Connally. 1982. Watson, W., R. L. Charter, and H. G. Moser. 2002d. Vertical stratification of three nearshore southern Ichthyoplankton and station data for Manta California larval fishes (Engraulis mordax, (surface) tows taken on California Cooperative Genyonemus lineatus, and Seriphus politus). Fish. Oceanic Fisheries Investigations survey cruises in Bull. 801895-902. 2000. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NOM-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-3 3 6.40 pp. Schwing, F. B. and C. S. Moore. 2000. A year without summer for California or a harbinger of a Wisner, R. L. 1976. The taxonomy and distribution climate shift. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union. 81 :301. of lanternfishes (family Myctophidae) of the eastern Pacific Ocean. U.S. Government Printing Schwing, F. B., T. Murphree, and P. M. Green. In Office, Washington, D.C. 229 pp. press. A climate index for the northeast Pacific. Prog. Oceanogr. Zahuranec, B. J. 2000. Zoogeography and systematics of the lanternfishes of the genus Smith, P. E. and H. G. Moser. 1988. CalCOFI time Nannobrachium (Myctophidae: Lampanyctini). series: an overview of fishes. Calif.Coop. Oceanic Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 607. 69 pp. Fish. Invest. Rep. 29:66-78. Zaitsev, Y. P. 1970. Marine neustonology. Naukova Ware, D. M. 1995. A century and a half of change in Dumka. Kiev. 264 pp.[In Russian]. [English the climate of the NE Pacific. Fish. Oceanogr. 4 transl.: 1971. Israel Progr. Sci. Transl. No. 5976. (4):267-277. 207 PP.1

xvii Table 1. List of ichthyoplankton data reports for Manta (surface) net samples from CalCOFI surveys for 1977 to 2000. Citations for each report are included in the Literature Cited section of this atlas.

Survey Year Senior Author Publication Year

1977-78 Moser et al. 200 1 1980-81 Ambrose et. al. 2002a 1984 Charter et al. 2002a 1985 Ambrose et al. 2002b 1986 Charter et al. 2002b 1987 Sandknop et al. 2002a 1988 Watson et al. 2002a 1989 Ambrose et al. 2002c 1990 Charter et al. 2002c 1991 Sandknop et al. 2002b 1992 Watson et al. 2002b 1993 Ambrose et al. 2002d 1994 Charter et al. 2002d 1995 Sandknop et al. 2002c 1996 Watson et al. 2002c 1997 Ambrose et al. 2002e 1998 Ambrose et al. 2002f 1999 Ambrose et al. 2002g 2000 Watson et al. 2002d

xviii Table 2. Total stations within the current CalCOFI survey pattern used in this atlas, listed by month and year.

Month Year 1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total 1977 2 2 1978 4 4 11 31 33 15 19 50 167 1980 29 24 53 1981 48 32 7 29 48 47 21 1 1984 61 42 19 50 27 29 63 47 338 1985 42 4139 55 47 188 1986 54 50 51 2 50 207 1987 60 3 63 62 45 233 1988 58 4 10 42 65 66 245 1989 51 10 63 12 53 5 66 260 1990 56 47 31 34 65 233 1991 60 12 42 36 29 13 50 242 1992 17 43 65 66 22 42 255 1993 65 9 57 65 66 262 1994 44 22 38 27 66 4 60 26 1 1995 65 51 66 66 248 1996 10 56 60 2 66 61 4 259 1997 13 53 61 66 46 12 9 260 1998 38 26 66 66 66 262 1999 65 61 65 64 255 2000 66 66 10 56 65 263 Total 665 400 246 748 3 16 54 569 500 264 60 1 306 35 4704

xix Table 3. Total stations within the current CalCOFI survey pattern used in this atlas, listed by line and station.

Line Station 76.7 80.0 82.0 83.3 86.7 90.0 93.3 Total 27 76 76 28 81 81 162 30 81 81 162 33 75 75 35 80 71 80 23 1 37 80 80 40 80 79 159 40.6 79 79 42 80 80 45 77 78 77 232 46.9 74 74 49 65 65 50 72 78 150 51 74 79 72 225 53 76 76 55 72 76 72 71 77 368 60 77 80 72 73 76 75 453 70 65 75 68 69 72 75 424 80 64 72 62 65 77 73 413 90 63 71 63 66 74 73 410 100 55 58 63 59 72 65 372 110 50 49 61 60 220 120 59 59 118 Total 535 51 1 74 68 1 836 958 1109 4704

xx Table 4. Ranked abundance of larval fish taxa taken in Manta net tows on CalCOFI surveys from 1977 to 2000. The total for each taxon is the summed raw count for all recorded occurrences.

Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

1 Engraulis mordax 149592 44 Citharichthys sordidus 75 2 Sardinops sagax 27247 46 Pleuronichthys verticalis 71 3 Cololabis saira 7459 47 Icichthys lockingtoni 66 4 Hypsoblenn ius jenkins i 6155 48 Neoclinus blanchardi 64 5 Scomber japonicus 5633 49 Oxylebius pictus 62 6 Sebastes spp. 5348 50 Anisotremus duvidsoni 60 7 Scorpaenidae 3791 51 Nannobrachium spp. 52 8 Merluccius productus 3501 52 Unidentified fish larvae 49 9 Hexagrammos decagrammus 2190 52 Stomias atriventer 49 10 Chromis punctipinnis 2155 52 Cottidae 49 11 Ather inops is calijorn iens is 1996 55 Aristostomias scintillans 42 12 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus 1868 55 Nannobrachium ritteri 42 13 Trachurus symmetricus 1526 57 Sebastes aurora 39 14 Leuresthes tenuis 1384 58 Halichoeres semicinctus 38 15 Vinciguerria lucetia 1086 58 Semicossyphus pulcher 38 16 Sebastes jordani 683 60 Peprilus simillimus 37 17 Oxyjulis cal iforn ica 642 61 Cyclothone spp. 32 18 Sphyraena argentea 620 61 Anoplopoma$mbria 32 19 Hypsoblennius gilberti 592 63 Atherinops affinis 30 20 Sebastes diploproa 560 63 Neoclinus stephensae 30 21 Ceratoscopelus townsendi 506 63 Coryphopterus nicholsii 30 22 Scorpaena guttata 463 66 Se bastes paucisp inis 26 23 Xen istius cal ijorn iensis 398 67 Macroramphosus gracilis 25 24 Paralabrax spp . 3 89 68 Fodiator acutus 24 25 GirelIa nigricans 360 69 Gigantactis spp. 20 26 Hypsoblennius spp. 3 07 70 Bathylagus ochotensis 19 27 Genyonemus lineatus 29 1 70 Pleuronichthys decurrens 19 28 Ophiodon elongatus 255 72 Hermosilla azurea 18 29 Stenobrachius leucopsarus 229 72 Neoclinus spp. 18 30 Medialuna calijorniensis 223 74 Diaphus spp. 17 31 Tetragonurus cuvieri 187 74 Rathb unella alleni 17 32 Pleuronichthys coenosus 185 74 Ophidion scr ippsae 17 33 Citharichthys stigmaeus 158 77 Symbolophorus calflorniensis 16 34 Triphoturus mexicanus 151 77 Atherinidae 16 35 Seriphus politus 142 79 Bolinichthys longipes 15 36 Disintegrated fish larvae 123 80 Hemilepidotus spinosus 14 37 Cheilopogon heterurus 119 81 Synodus lucioceps 13 38 Hypsoblennius gentilis 116 81 Diogenichthys atlanticus 13 39 Hypsypops rub ic undus 102 81 Leuroglossus stilbius 13 40 Cheilopogon pinnutibarbatus 99 84 Protomyctophum crockeri 12 41 Cheilopogon spp. 88 84 Citharichthys spp. 12 42 Lampadena urophaos 81 84 Bathophilus flemingi 12 43 Paralichthys calijornicus 76 87 Nannobrachium regale 11 44 Cyclothone signata 75 87 Icosteus aenigmaticus 11

xxi Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

87 Rathbunella spp. 11 126 Sarda chiliensis 4 87 Cryptotrema corallinum 11 137 Myctophum nitidulum 3 91 Tactostoma macropus 10 137 Clinocottus analis 3 91 Parophrys vetulus 10 137 Lythrypnus dalli 3 93 Pleuronichthys ritteri 9 140 Taaningichthys minimus 2 93 Oneirodes spp. 9 140 Argyropelecus sladeni 2 93 Hippoglossina stomata 9 140 Artedius harringtoni 2 93 Brosmophycis marginata 9 140 Icelinus spp. 2 97 Clupeidae 8 140 Labrisomidae 2 97 Symphurus atricaudus 8 140 Oligocottus spp. 2 97 Typhlogo b ius cal iforn iens is 8 140 Cyclothone pseudopallida 2 97 Odontopyxis trispinosa 8 140 Notoscopelus resplendens 2 97 Hexagrammos lagocephalus 8 140 Diplophos taenia 2 97 Sebastolobus spp. 8 149 Stemonosudis macrura 1 97 Kyphosidae 8 149 Umbrina roncador 1 97 Atractoscion nobilis 8 149 Roncador stearnsii 1 97 Seriola lalandi 8 149 Diplospinus multistriatus 1 97 Hirundichthys marginatus 8 149 Coryphaena hippurus 1 107 Etrumeus teres 7 149 Pteraclis aesticola 1 107 Cyclothone acclinidens 7 149 Psenes pellucidus 1 107 Howella spp. 7 149 Carangidae 1 107 Hygophum reinhardtii 7 149 Scope logadus bispin os us 1 107 Liparis mucosus 7 149 Trachipteridae 1 112 Bathylagus wesethi 6 149 Zaniolepis penata 1 112 Micros tomus pacijic us 6 149 Lestidiops ringens 1 112 Sebastes levis 6 149 Parvilux ingens 1 112 Sternoptyx spp. 6 149 Nannobrachium hawaiiensis 1 I16 Cheilotrema saturnum 5 149 Diogenichthys laternatus 1 116 Chiasmodon niger 5 149 Bathypterois spp. 1 116 Hirundichthys sp p. 5 149 Scopelosaurus spp. 1 116 Trachipterus altivelis 5 149 Idiacanthus antrostomus 1 116 Desmodema lorum 5 149 Argentina sialis 1 116 Hypsopsetta guttulata 5 149 Melamphaes lugubris 1 116 Vinciguerria poweriae 5 149 Xystreurys liolepis 1 116 Leptocottus armatus 5 149 Stomiiformes 1 116 Tarletonbeania crenularis 5 149 Dolichopteryx longipes 1 116 Ruscarius creaseri 5 149 Lampanyctus bristori 1 126 Menticirrhus undulatus 4 149 Caulophryne pelagica 1 126 Myctophidae 4 149 Caulophryne spp. 1 126 Brama japonica 4 149 Antennarius avalonis 1 126 Sciaenidae 4 149 Pleuronichthys spp. 1 126 Sebastes goodei 4 149 Mugil cephalus 1 126 Artedius lateralis 4 149 Glyptocephalus zachirus 1 126 Lepidogobius lepidus 4 149 Sebastolobus altivelis 1 126 Chilara taylori 4 149 Cataetyx rubrirostris 1 126 Lyopsetta exilis 4 149 Stichaeidae 1 126 Exocoetidae 4 149 Clinidae 1

xxii Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

149 Gobiidae 1 149 Cyclopteridae 149 Liparis fucensis 1 149 Ruscarius meanyi 149 LiparisfIorae 1 149 Lepidopsetta bilineata

xxiii Table 5. Ranked occurrence of larval fish taxa taken in Manta net tows on CalCOFI surveys from 1977 to 2000. The total for each taxon is the sum of all recorded occurrences.

Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

1 Cololabis saira 1421 44 Sebastes aurora 34 2 Engraulis mordux 1365 45 Disintegrated fish larvae 32 3 Sebastes spp. 720 46 Ophiodon elongatus 30 4 Sardinops sagax 647 46 Neoclinus blanchardi 30 5 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi 349 46 Seriphus politus 30 6 Scomber japonicus 321 49 Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus 28 6 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus 32 1 50 Stomias atriventer 26 8 Trachurus symmetricus 299 51 Unidentified fish larvae 25 9 Vinciguerria lucetia 262 52 Cyclothone spp. 22 10 Sebastes diploproa 188 52 Coryphopterus nicholsii 22 11 Chromis punctipinnis 183 54 Semicossyphus pulcher 21 12 Ceratoscopelus townsendi 172 54 Neoclinus stephensae 21 13 Oxyjulis calijornica 168 56 Pepr ilus s imillimus 20 14 Atherinopsis californiensis 161 57 Halichoeres semicinctus 19 15 Merluccius productus 127 58 Gigantactis spp. 18 16 Tetragonurus cuvieri 122 59 Pleuronichthys decurrens 17 17 Medialuna calijorniensis 111 59 Xenistius californiensis 17 18 Hypsoblennius gilberti 106 59 Anoplopoma fimbria 17 19 Sphyraena argentea 97 62 Diaphus spp. 16 20 Stenobrachius leucopsarus 95 63 Atherinops affinis 15 21 Leuresthes tenuis 90 63 Fodiator acutus 15 22 Pleuronichthys coenosus 89 63 Se bastes pauc ispin is 15 23 Triphoturus mexicanus 84 63 Macroramp hos us gracilis 15 24 Sebastes jordan i 80 67 Diogenichthys attanticus 13 24 Girella nigricans 80 67 Symbolophorus calijorniensis 13 26 Paralabrax spp. 60 69 Protomyctophum crockeri 12 27 Citharichthys stigmaeus 58 70 Bathoph ilusjlemingi 11 28 Icichthys lockingtoni 56 70 Hypsypops rubicundus 11 29 Cyclothone signata 54 70 Nannobrachium regale 11 29 Hexagrammos decagramm us 54 73 Anisotremus davidsoni 10 31 Citharichthys sordidus 50 74 Tactostonia nzacropus 9 32 Cheilopogon heterurus 49 74 Icosteus aenigmaticus 9 33 Genyonemus lineatus 43 74 Ophidion scrippsae 9 34 Nannobrachium ritteri 39 74 Hippoglossina stomata 9 35 Lampadena urophaos 38 74 Oneirodes spp. 9 35 Nannobrachium spp. 38 79 Parophrys vetulus 8 37 Pleuronichthys verticalis 37 79 Pleuronichthys ritteri 8 37 Hypsoblennius spp. 37 79 Synodus lucioceps 8 39 Cheilopogon spp. 36 79 Seriola lalandi 8 39 Oxylebius pictus 36 79 Hir undichthys marginat us 8 41 Aristostomias scintillans 35 79 Typhlogobius californiensis 8 41 Paralichthys californicus 35 85 Bathylagus ochotensis 7 41 Hypsoblennius gentilis 35 85 Leuroglossus stilbius 7

xxiv Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

85 Cyclothone acclinidens 7 132 Kyphosidae 2 85 Hemilepidotus spinosus 7 132 Argyropelecus sladeni 2 85 Cottidae 7 132 Icelinus spp. 2 85 Hermosilla azurea 7 132 Lythrypnus dalli 2 85 Howella spp. 7 132 Oligocottus spp. 2 85 Hygophum reinhardtii 7 132 Vinciguerr ia poweriae 2 93 Sebastes levis 6 132 Bolinichthys longipes 2 93 Atractoscion nobilis 6 140 Mugil cephalus 1 93 Bathylagus wesethi 6 140 Parvilux ingens 1 93 Neoclinus spp. 6 140 Lestidiops ringens 1 97 Brosmophycis marginata 5 140 Stemonosudis macrura 1 97 Hypsopsetta guttulata 5 140 Nannobrachium hawaiiensis 1 97 Symphurus atricaudus 5 140 Scorpaenidae 1 97 Microstomus pacijicus 5 140 Sebastolobus altivelis 1 97 Rathbunella spp. 5 140 Lampanyctus bristori 1 97 Desmodema lorum 5 140 Ruscarius meanyi 1 97 Liparis mucosus 5 140 Diplophos taenia 1 97 Trachipterus altivelis 5 140 Artedius harringtoni 1 97 Citharichthys spp. 5 140 Zaniolepis frenata 1 97 Chiasmodon niger 5 140 Taaningichthys min imus 1 107 Tarletonbeania crenularis 4 140 Diogenichthys laternatus 1 107 Leptocottus armatus 4 140 Bathypterois spp. 1 107 Hexagrammos lagocephalus 4 140 Scopelogadus bispinosus 1 107 Sebastes goodei 4 140 Idiacanthus antrostomus 1 107 Scorpaena guttata 4 140 Umbrina roncador 1 107 Cheilotrema saturnum 4 140 Cyclothone pseudopallida 1 107 Sarda chiliensis 4 140 Scopelosaurus spp. 1 107 Ruscarius creaseri 4 140 Stomiiformes 1 107 Lyopsetta exilis 4 140 Dolichopteryx longipes 1 107 Sci aen idae 4 140 Artedius lateralis 1 107 Odontopyxis trispinosa 4 140 Melamphaes lugubris 1 107 Lepidogo b ius Iepidus 4 140 Pleuronichthys spp. 1 107 Cryptotrema corallinum 4 140 Etrumeus teres 1 107 Chilara taylori 4 140 Argentina sialis 1 107 Myctophidae 4 140 Roncador stearnsii 1 107 Hirundichthys spp. 4 140 Coryphaena hippurus 1 107 Sternoptyx spp. 4 140 Pteraclis aesticola 1 107 Clupeidae 4 140 Psenes pellucidus 1 107 Rathbunella alleni 4 140 Carangidae 1 126 Sebastolobus spp. 3 140 Atherinidae 1 126 Clinocottus analis 3 140 Trachipteridae 1 126 Myctophum nitidulum 3 140 Caulophryne pelagica 1 126 Exocoetidae 3 140 Diplospinus multistriatus 1 126 Brama japonica 3 140 Antennarius avalonis 1 126 Menticirrhus undulatus 3 140 Cyclopteridae 1 132 Notoscopelus resplendens 2 140 Lepidopsetta bilineata 1

xxv Rank Taxon Total Rank Taxon Total

140 Glyptocephalus zachirus 1 140 Labrisomidae 140 Xystreurys liolepis 1 140 Gobiidae 140 Cataetyx rubrirostris 1 140 Liparis fucensis 140 Stichaeidae 1 140 Liparisflorae 140 Clinidae 1 140 Caulophryne spp.

XXVl Table 6. Total counts of fifty most abundant larval fish from CalCOFI Manta net catches, 1977-2000, compared with standardized total counts of the same taxa from concurrent oblique net catches. Manta Oblique Taxon Family Rank Total Rank Total

~ Engraulis mordax Engraulidae 1 149,592 1 1,182,698.5

Sardinops sagax Clupeidae 2 27,247 6 120,223.8 Cololabis saira Scomberesocidae 3 7,459 87 404.5 Hypso blennius jenkinsi Blenniidae 4 6,155 71 824.9 Scomber japonicus Scombridae 5 5,633 15 16,564.5 Sebastes spp. Sebastidae 6 5,348 4 128,896.8 Merluccius productus Merlucciidae 7 3,501 2 439,873.4 Hexagrammos decagrammus Hexagrammidae 8 2,190 197 28.0 Chromis punctipinnis Pomacentridae 9 2,155 50 1,560.0 Atherinopsis californiensis Atherinidae 10 1,996 162 70.0 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Cottidae 11 1,868 105 256.5 Trachurus symmetricus Carangidae 12 1,526 10 2 1,414.7 Leuresthes tenuis Atherinidae 13 1,384 215 19.2 Vinciguerria lucetia Phosichthyidae 14 1,086 3 216,998.1 Sebastes jordani Sebastidae 15 683 9 23,546.5 Oxy'ulis californica Labridae 16 642 33 3,990.3 Sphyraena argentea Sphyraenidae 17 620 54 1,484.6 Hypsoblennius gilberti Blenniidae 18 592 193 30.2 Sebastes diploproa Sebastidae 19 560 60 1,121.6 Ceratoscopelus townsendi Myctophidae 20 506 13 20,504.3 Scorpaena guttata Scorpaenidae 21 463 210 20.5 Xenistius callforniensis Haemulidae 22 398 161 70.3 Paralabrax spp. Serranidae 23 3 89 40 2,153.3 Girella nigricans Kyphosidae 24 3 60 168 65.4 Hypsoblennius spp. Blenniidae 25 3 07 61 1.091.1

xxvii Manta Oblique Taxon Family Rank Total Rank Total Genyonemus lineatus Sciaenidae 26 29 1 18 14,236.6 Ophiodon elongatus Hexagrammidae 27 255 160 75.4 Stenobrachius Ieucopsarus Myctophidae 28 229 7 87,912.6 Medialuna calijorniensis Kyphosidae 29 223 163 69.1 Tetragonurus cuvieri Tetragonuridae 30 187 43 1,93 1.4 Pleuronichthys coenosus Pleuronectidae 31 185 123 163.9 Citharichthys stigmaeus Paralichthyidae 32 158 19 13,35 1.1 Triphoturus mexicanus Myctophidae 33 151 14 19,847.8 Seriphus politus Sciaenidae 34 142 44 1,900.8 Cheilopogon heterurus Exocoetidae 35 119 - 0 Hypsoblennius gentilis Blenniidae 36 116 150 93.6 Hypsypops rubicundus Pomacentridae 37 102 234 12.1

Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus Exocoetidae 38 99 - 0 Cheilopogon spp. Exocoetidae 39 88 - 0 Lampadena urophaos Myctophidae 40 81 93 342.8 Para1ic hthys cal ijorn ic us Paralichthyidae 41 76 46 1,781.0 Cyclothone signata Gonostomatidae 42 75 16 15,868.2 Citharichthys sordidus Paralichthyidae 43 75 21 1 1,726.9 Pleuronichthys verticalis Pleuronectidae 44 71 58 1,296.3 Icichthys lockingtoni Centrolophidae 45 66 48 1,589.5 Neocl inus blanchardi Chaenopsidae 46 64 255 5.6 Oxylebius pictus Hexagrammidae 47 62 108 233.0 Anistremus davidsoni Haemulidae 48 60 190 33.1 Nannobrachium spp. Myctophidae 49 52 24 9,447.3 Stomias atriventer Stomiidae 50 49 55 1,369.0 Proportion of Total for All Taxa 0.978 0.865

xxviii Table 7. Results of recurrent group analyses of larval fish in Manta and oblique net samples from CalCOFI surveys (current station pattern) during 1977-2000. Each taxon is preceded by its taxonomic code and followed by the affinity index and taxa to which it is linked.

Manta Recurrent Group 1 3 I Engraulis mordax Has 0.462 link to 683 and 0.334 linkto 736 683 Sebastes spp. Has 0.339 linkto 736 73 6 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus

Associates 853 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi Has 0.311 linkto 31 19 Sardinops sagax Has 0.362 linkto 31

Manta Recurrent Group 2 486 Sphyraena argentea Has 0.316 link to 626 and 0.332 linkto 853 626 Chromis punctipinnis Has 0.381 linkto 853 85 3 Hypso blennius jenkinsi

Associates 514 Scomber japonicus Has 0.357 linkto 486 43 1 Paralabrax spp. Has 0.408 link to 486

Manta Recurrent Group 3 93 Vinciguerria lucetia Has 0.331 linkto 226 226 Ceratoscopelus townsendi

Manta Recurrent Group 4 60 1 Anisotremus davidsoni Has 0.416 linkto 452 452 Xenistius californiensis

Associates 628 Hypsypopsrubicundus Has 0.326 link to 601

xxix Table 8. Results of recurrent group analyses of larval fish in oblique net samples from CalCOFI surveys (current station pattern) during 1977-2000. Each taxon is preceded by its taxonomic code and followed by the affinity index and taxa to which it is linked.

Oblique Recurrent Group 1 72 Le ur ogloss us st ilbius Has 0.624 link to 683 and 0.61 5 link to 901 and 0.333 link to 923 and 0.3 19 link to 925 3 1 Engraulis mordax Has 0.579 linkto 72 and 0.667 link to 683 and 0.537 link to 901 and 0.345 link to 923 and 0.365 link to 925 90 1 Merluccius productus Has 0.356 linkto 923 and 0.315 linkto 925 683 Sebastes spp. Has 0.546 link to 901 and 0.356 link to 923 and 0.356 link to 925 923 Citharichthys sordidus Has 0.420 linkto 925 925 Citharichthys stigmaeus

Associates 68 Bathylagus ochotensis Has 0.429 link to 31 and 0.546 link to 901 and 0.588 link to 72 and 0.470 link to 683 19 Sardinops sagax Has 0.352 linkto 31 and 0.3 13 link to 901 and 0.316 link to 72 and 0.315 link to 683 292 Stenobrachius leucopsarus Has 0.546 link to 31 and 0.610 link to 901 and 0.660 link to 72 and 0.584 linkto 683 684 Sebastes jordani Has 0.398 link to 31 and 0.3 89 link to 901 and -0.385 linkto 72 and 0.426 link to 683 686 Sebastes paucispinis Has 0.318 linkto 72 and 0.338 link to 901 and 0.3 17 linkto 683 924 Citharichthys spp. Has 0.327 linkto 31 and 0.306 link to 683

xxx Oblique Recurrent Group 2 7 1 Bathylagus wesethi Has 0.522 link to 78 and 0.560 link to 93 and 0.511 link to 226 and 0.489 link to 239 and 0.346 link to 261 and 0.387 link to 288 and 0.500 link to 296 78 Cyclothone signata Has 0.6 17 link to 93 and 0.61 1 link to 226 and 0.558 link to 239 and 0.357 link to 261 and 0.379 linkto 288 and 0.489 link to 296 93 Vinciguerria lucetia Has 0.627 link to 226 and 0.553 link to 239 and 0.3 10 link to 261 and 0.407 link to 288 and 0.454 link to 296 226 Ceratoscopelus townsendi Has 0.536 link to 239 and 0.326 link to 261 and 0.345 linkto 288 and 0.447 link to 296 239 Diogenichthys atlanticus Has 0.366 link to 261 and 0.445 link to 288 and 0.497 link to 296 26 I Nannobrachium spp. Has 0.367 linkto 288 and 0.697 linkto 296 288 Protomyctophum crockeri Has 0.4 13 linkto 296 296 Symbolophorus californiensis

Associates 68 Bathylagus ochotensis Has 0.317 link to 261 and 0.417 linkto 288 72 Leuroglossus stilbius Has 0.338 link to 288 76 Cyclothone spp. Has 0.346 link to 93 and 0.341 link to 226 and 0.322 linkto 239 94 Vinciguerria poweriae Has 0.332 link to 78 and 0.347 link to 226 105 Argyropelecus sladeni Has 0.32 1 link to 78 107 Sternoptyx spp. Has 0.324 link to 78 and 0.317 linkto 226 161 Idiacanthus antrostomus Has 0.397 link to 71 and 0.365 linkto 78 and 0.433 linkto 93 and 0.396 linkto 226 and 0.304 linkto 296 and 0.344 link to 239

xxxi 90 1 Merluccius productus Has 0.320 linkto 288 3 1 1 Lestidiops ringens Has 0.336 link to 71 and 0.320 link to 93 2 5 2 Hygop hum reinhardtii Has 0.3 10 link to 78 and 0.348 link to 226 273 Myctophum nitidulum Has 0.301 link to 93 and 0.332 linkto 226 260 Nannobrachium ritteri Has 0.354 link to 71 and 0.339 linkto 78 and 0.3 18 linkto 296 and 0.359 link to 239 and 0.306 link to 261 and 0.419 linkto 288 283 Notoscopelus resplendens Has 0.3 18 link to 226 292 Stenobrachius leucopsarus Has 0.376 link to 288 30 1 Triphoturus mexicanus Has 0.381 link to 71 and 0.333 linkto 78 and 0.444 link to 93 and 0.338 link to 226 5 14 Trachurus symmetricus Has 0.331 link to 71 and 0.322 link to 296 and 0.303 link to 261 546 Tetragonurus cuvieri Has 0.314 link to 78 and 0.328 link to 93 and 0.306 link to 226

Oblique Recurrent Group 3 68 Bathylagus ochotensis Has 0.339 link to 260 and 0.612 linkto 292 260 Nannobrachium ritteri Has 0.322 link to 292 292 Stenobrachius leucopsarus

Associates 19 Sardinops sagax Has 0.327 linkto 292 684 Sebastes jordani Has 0.400 linkto 292 686 Sebastes paucispinis Has 0.310 linkto 292 5 14 Trachurus symmetricus Has 0.346 linkto 260

Oblique Recurrent Group 4 43 1 Paralabrax spp. Has 0.374 linkto 486 486 Sphyraena argentea

Oblique Recurrent Group 5 53 1 Peprilus simillimus Has 0.354 link to 610 6 10 Sciaenidae

xxxii Table 9. List of taxa with station and month ranges used in calculating averages for atlas graphs.

Taxon Stations Months Taxon Stations Months

Anisotremus davidsoni 27-33 6-8 Neoclinus blanchardi 27-55 1-12 Anoplopoma fimbria 42-90 1-5 Neoclinus stephensae 27-55 1-12 Aristostomias scintillans 53-120 1-12 Ophidion scrippsae 27-60 3-8 Atherinops afJinis 27-5 1 3-1 1 Ophiodon elongatus 27-55 14 A therinops is californ iens is 2 7-5 5 11-7 Oxyjulis californ ica 27-70 4-10 Atractoscion nobilis 27-55 4-8 Oxylebius pictus 28-90 10-7 Bathophilus flem ingi 80-120 1-12 Paralabrax spp. 2740 6-10 Bathylagus ochotensis 50-100 1-5 Paralichthys californicus 27-60 1-10 Bolinichthys longipes 90-120 9-1 1 Parophrys vetulus 3040 1-5 Ceratoscopelus townsendi 53-120 1-12 Peprilus s im illim us 27-70 3-1 1 Cheilopogon heterurus 27-80 6-10 Pleuronichthys coenosus 2740 1-12 Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus 27-53 5-1 1 Pleuronichthys decurrens 30-70 10-5 Chromis punctipinnis 27-60 7-10 Pleuronichthys verticalis 2740 1-10 Citharichthys sordidus 28-90 1-12 Protomyctophum crockeri 51-120 1-7 Citharichthys stigmaeus 30-100 1-12 Rathbunella alleni 33-5 1 2-5 Cololabis saira 27-120 1-12 Sarda chiliensis 2742 4-8 Cololabis saira eggs 27-120 1-12 Sardinops sagax 27-120 1-12 Coryphopterus nicholsii 33-70 1-9 Sardinops sagax eggs 27-120 1-12 Cryptotrema corallinum 42-5 1 3-7 Scomber japonicus 27-1 00 3-10 Cyclothone signata 60-120 1-1 1 Scorpaena guttata 2745 7-8 Diaphus spp. 60-120 4-10 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus 27-70 10-5 Diogenichthys atlanticus 45-120 1-12 Sebastes aurora 30-80 1-8 Engraulis mordax 27-120 1-12 Sebastes diploproa 27-100 1-12 Engraulis mordax eggs 27-120 1-12 Sebastes jordani 2740 1-5 Etrumeus teres 27-5 1 4-1 0 Sebastes levis 2740 1-5 Fodiator acutus 2740 7-10 Sebastes paucispinis 2840 1-5 Genyonemus lineatus 27-55 10-3 Sebastes spp. 27-80 1-12 Gigantactis spp. 70-120 7- 1 Sebastolobus spp. 55-60 3-7 Girella nigricans 2740 4-1 1 Semicossyphus pulcher 4040 4-10 Halichoeres semicinctus 27-70 4-10 Seriola lalandi 2740 8-10 Hemilepidotus spinosus ' 46.940 1-3 Seriphus politus 27-5 1 2-8 Hermosilla azurea 2740 7-8 Sphyraena argentea 27-55 4-10 Hexagramm os decagram mus 33-60 14 Stenobrachius leucopsarus 27-120 12-5 Hexagrammos lagocephalus ' 33-55 1-3 Stomias atriventer 45-120 1-12 Hypsoblennius gentilis 27-5 1 4-12 Symbolophorus californiensis 55-120 1-7 Hypsoblennius gilberti 2740 4-10 Synodus lucioceps 2740 7-1 Hypso blenn ius jenkins i 27-55 4-1 1 Tactostoma macropus 50-120 1-10 Hypsypops rubicundus 27-53 6-9 Tetragonurus cuvieri 35-120 1-12 Icichthys lockingtoni 51-110 1-12 Total eggs 27-120 1-12 Icosteus aenigmaticus 55-80 1-5 Total larvae 27-120 1-12 Lampadena urophaos 80-1 20 7-1 1 Trachurus symmetricus 27-1 10 2-10 Leuresthes tenuis 27-5 1 4-8 Triphoturus mexicanus 28-120 3-10 Leuroglossus stilbius 33-100 14 Vinciguerria lucetia 55-120 1-12 Macroramphosus gracilis 28-70 1-12 Xenistius californiensis 27-5 1 6-10 Medialuna cal iforniensis 27-100 5-1 1 Merluccius productus 28-1 10 104 a lines 80-83 lines 77-80 Microstomus pacificus 50-90 3-8 lines 77-82 lines 77-87 Nannobrachium regale 55-120 1-10 Nannobrachium ritteri 40-120 1-12

xxxiii Figure 1. The basic CalCOFI station pattern occupied, in part, by cruises during 1951-1984.

xxxiv 36

34'

32'

30'

124' 122" 120" 118" 116"

Figure 2. Basic station plan for CalCOFI survey cruises from 1985 to the present.

xxxv A B 17.5 400 19 - - 350 350 "E- - 17 300 0 18 - E 0 300 8 e - 250 r- e 16.5 250 17 - 2 a 2 - 200 3 16 200 g E 5 5 - 150 6 W 150 16 - 5 L z 15.5 - 100 2 t 100 $22 0 15- - 0 15 50 8 50 8

141 " " " " " "0 123456789101112

YEAR MONTH C D 18 2o r - 17.5 - 19 P -e 18 - w '7 a U 3 2 2 16.5 !$ 17- W zn P 16 16- k I- 15.5 15 -

15 14l " " " " " " 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 123456789101112 YEAR MONTH E F

500 r - 450 . 400 - 0 2 350 - & 300 .

z ~ 0 250 I- - Yz 200 4 150 ~ n 0 100 - 8 50-

01 " " " " " " 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 YEAR MONTH

Figure 3. Average seasonal and annual temperatures and zooplankton volumes for CalCOFI stations used in this study. A) Annual temperatures (dots) and zooplankton volumes (circles) during 1978- 2000; B) Monthly temperatures (dots) and zooplankton volumes (circles); C) Annual temperatures, borderland vs. offshore regions; D) Monthly temperatures, borderland vs. offshore regions; E) Annual zooplankton volumes, borderland vs. offshore regions; F) Monthly zooplankton volumes, borderland vs. offshore regions. ENS0 events are indicated by vertical bars (El Niiio, shading; La Niiia, hatching.)

xxxvi Figure 4. Diagram of the Manta net used on CalCOFI surveys, modified from the original Manta net developed by Brown and Cheng (198 1).

xxxvii A Manta Group 1 Manta Group 2 Engraulis mordax Sebastes spp. Hypsoblennius jenkinsi Scorpaenichthys marmoratus Chromis punctipinnis 0.33 I I 0.33 Sardinops sagax Paralabrax spp. 0.33

Scomber japonicus

I Manta Group 3 I Wnciguerria lucetia Anisotremus davidsoni Ceratoscopelus townsendi Xenistius californiensis I 0.50 Hypsypops rubicundus B

Oblique Group 1 Oblique Group 2

Bathylagus wesethi

Citharichthys spp. Oblique Group 4 , ' 0.441 / Paralabrax spp. Sphyraena.- argentea

Bathylagus ochotensis Nannobrachium ritteri Peprilus simillimus Sciaenidae

Figure 5. Recurrent groups of fish larvae from Manta net (A) and oblique net (B) samples taken on CalCOFI survey cruises during 1978-2000 in the SCB region. Fractions near lines connecting groups with other groups or with associate taxa indicate the number of significant pairs (affinity indices 2 0.3) divided by the number of possible pairs.

xxxviii A B 50000 25000 45000 1 4000 6000 , 3500 40000 20000 - 8 3000 35000 s z 8 30000 15000 5 2500 -2 c 25000 2000 z z 20000 Y 1500 2 15000 c 1000 ; 10000 5000 e 1000 . 5000 500 0 0 0- 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 LENGTH (mm) LENGTH (mm)

C D 1800 - 3500 r 1 1 I6O 1600 140 - 3000 70 1400 - 8 - 120 s 60 0 8 2500 s 1200 . z z 100 3 50 2 $1000 - - 8 2000 - 80 z V 40 800 ; - Y $ 1500 Y 60 3 3 30 2 600 - W Y I000 W 40 20 400 . e e 500 200 - 20 10 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 0 5 10 15 20 LENGTH (mm) LENGTH (mm)

E 45000 r 1 6000 40000 - 5000 35000 - 8 -s 8 30000 - 4000 5 I 25000 - - u 3000 z 5 20000 - Y 2 2000 ; c 1000

0 0 5 IO I5 20 15 20 LENGTH (mm)

Figure 6. Length frequency distributions for larvae of five fish species taken in Manta (dots) and oblique (circles) net tows on CalCOFI surveys during 1978-2000 in the SCB region: A) northern anchovy Engraulis mordax; B) Pacific sardine Surdinops sagux; C) chub mackerel Scomber juponicus; D) j ack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus; E) Pacific hake Merlucciusproductus.

xxxix List of Taxa

Page Page Total larvae ...... 2 Icichthys lockingtoni ...... 49 Total eggs ...... 3 Neoclinus blanchardi ...... 50 Engraulis mordax ...... 4 Oxylebius pictus ...... 51 Engraulis mordax eggs ...... 5 Anisotremus davidsoni ...... 52 Sardinopssagax ...... 6 Stomias atriventer ...... 53 Sardinops sagax eggs ...... 7 Aristostomias scintillans ...... 54 Cololabis saira ...... 8 Nannobrachium ritteri ...... 55 Cololabis saira eggs ...... 9 Sebastes aurora ...... 56 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi ...... 10 Halichoeres semicinctus ...... 57 Scomber japonicus ...... 1 1 Semicossyphus pulcher ...... 58 Sebastes spp ...... 12 Peprilus simillimus ...... 59 Merluccius productus ...... 13 Anoplopoma fimbria ...... 60 Hexagrammos decagrammus ...... 14 Atherinops affinis ...... 61 Chromis punctipinnis ...... 15 Coryphopterus nicholsii ...... 62 Atherinopsis californiensis ...... 16 Neoclinus stephensae ...... 63 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus ...... 1 7 Sebastes paucispinis ...... 64 Trachurus symmetricus ...... 18 Macroramphosus gracilis ...... 65 Leuresthes tenuis ...... 19 Fodiator acutus ...... 66 Vinciguerria lucetia ...... 20 Gigantactis spp ...... 67 Sebastes jordani ...... 2 1 Bathylagus ochotensis ...... 68 Oxyjulis californica ...... 22 Pleuronichthys decurrens ...... 69 Sphyraena argentea ...... 23 Hermosilla azurea ...... 70 Hypsoblennius gilberti ...... 24 Diaphus spp ...... 71 Sebastes diploproa ...... 25 Rathbunella alleni ...... 72 Ceratoscopelus townsendi ...... 26 Ophidion scrippsae ...... 73 Scorpaena guttata ...... 27 Symbolophorus californiensis ...... 74 Xenistius callforniensis ...... 28 Bolinichthys longipes ...... 75 Paralabrax spp ...... 29 Hemilepidotus spinosus ...... 76 Girella nigricans ...... 30 Leuroglossus stilbius ...... 77 Genyonemus lineatus ...... 3 1 Synodus lucioceps ...... 78 Ophiodon elongatus ...... 32 Diogenichthys atlanticus ...... 79 Stenobrachius leucopsarus ...... 33 Bathophilus flemingi ...... 80 Medialuna californiensis ...... 34 Protomyctophpm crockeri ...... 81 Tetragonurus cuvieri ...... 35 Nannobrachium regale ...... 82 Pleuronichthys cQenosus ...... 36 Icosteus aenigmaticus ...... 83 Citharichthys stigmaeus ...... 37 Cryptotrema corallinum ...... 84 Triphoturus mexicanus ...... 3 8 Tactostoma macropus ...... 85 Seriphus politus ...... 39 Parophrys vetulus ...... 86 Cheilopogon heterurus ...... 40 Sebastolobus spp ...... 87 Hypsoblennius gentilis ...... 4 1 Seriola lalandi ...... 88 Hypsypops rubicundus ...... 42 Hexagrammos lagocephalus ...... 89 Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus ...... 43 Atractoscion nobilis ...... 90 Lampadena urophaos ...... 44 Etrumeus teres ...... 91 Paralichthys callfornicus ...... 45 Microstomus paciJicus ...... 92 Cyclothone signata ...... 46 Sebastes levis ...... 93 Citharichthys sordidus ...... 47 Sarda chiliensis ...... 94 Pleuronichthys verticalis ...... 48

xl CHARTS AND GRAPHS TOTAL FISH LARVAE TOTAL FISH LARVAE

' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' _i

38'

36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' @

0 28' m m 26' m m MII I I 130. 46.8 16.8 83.9 167.8 335.6 Average Larvae per: 00 m3 I 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116. 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.9 - 160 r

0.8 - 140 W - 2 0.7 "E 120 t 0 v) 0.6 - g 100 2 0.5 - PI 0 2 80 0.4 - W PI 60 g 0.3 - OC 0 - 4 40 aPI 0.2 0.1 - 20

0 I23456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

I 400

0.9 350 !$ 0.8 - "E 300 f 0.7 0 0 250 0.6 PI 0.5 2 200 W PIF 0.4 0 150 0.3 PI 2 100 g 0.2 0.1 50

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 2 TOTAL FISH EGGS TOTAL FISH EGGS

128' 126' 124' , 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

Q m 0 0 0

m m 30' e235.2 235.2 1176.02352.1 4704.2 - m '1 Average Eggs per 100 m' m Average Eggs per 100 m' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

1 1200

0.95 1000 2 t v) 0.9 800 12 2z z lY 0 0.85 w 600 n z v) g 0.8 400 0 s '0.75 200

0.7 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 MONTH

1 1200

0.95 1000

2 0 t E v) 0.9 800 0 g c- $ 0.85 600 F n lY v) g 0.8 400 0 o! E 0.75 200

0.7 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 3 Engraulis mordax larvae Northern anchovy larvae ENGRAULIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' @QQO II I I I I 45.2 15.2 76.2 152.5 305.0 I Average Larvae per 100 ms I 24' f t 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.6 - 140 -

0.5 - L t - :v) 0.4 2 0 0.3 - F g p 0.2 - s 0.1 -

0 1

0.6 350

0.5 300 2 0 t E 250 v) 0.4 0 Y g 200 W n. W 150 d 5 100 J 50

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 4 ENGRAULIDAE Northern anchovy eggs Engraulis mordax eggs

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118. 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

8 Q 0 0 0

455.0 155.0 775.2 1550.53101.0 Average Eggs per 100 m5 -0 Average Eggs per 100 ma 1, \ 24. . , . , , , , , 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.45 700 r

0.4 600 W -> 0.35 t "E 500 v) 0.3 0 0 I? 0.25 400 0 5 F 0.2 re 300 g 0.15 (3 0 200 0.1 100 0.05

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.5 900

0.45 800 0.4 700 0 0.35 E 600 I? 0.3 0 z g 0.25 500 I- ii 400 CT 0.2 v) 0 300 $ 0.15 I 0.1 200 0.05 100

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 5 Sardinops sagax larvae Pacific sardine larvae CLUPEIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 0

26' -2.7 2.7 13.7 27.4 54.8 5 Average Larvae per 100 m3 I 24' t ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.35 r

0.3 w 2 b 0.25 v) g 0.2 2 0 C 0.15 n! 2 0.1 2n 0.05

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.3 25

0.25 20 2 E t 0 v) 0.2 0 2 15 E5 5 0.15 n F :10 2 0.1 2 0 4 n! 5 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 6 CLUPEIDAE Pacific sardine eggs Sardinops sagax eggs

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

30' zw.6 1271.a 635.9 127.2 427.2 Average Eggs per 100 rn'

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

140 0.25 -

2 0 120 t E v) 0.2 - 8 100 : r z 0 0.15 - E 80 F n o? 60 0.1 - ' 40 0.05 - 20

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.2 140 0.18 120

z 0 0.1 F e 0.08 0 8 0.06 E 0.04 20 0.02 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 7 Cololabis saira larvae Pacific saury larvae SCOMBERESOCIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

30'

e.4 .4 1.8 3.6 7.2 Average Larvae par? 00 m' Average Larvae per 100 m3 24' I 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.45 r 5 0.4 - 4.5 I h W 4- 2 0.35 - E t 3.5 - v) 0.3 - 3- 2 0.25 - o! 0 2.5 - F 0.2 - K 2- 0.15 - d 2 1.5 - 0 0.1 - 4 1- 0.05 1 0.5 -

01 '' I''' " " '' 01 ' '' I'' ' ' 'I" 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1 2 3.4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MONTH MONTH

0.5 6

0.45 5 9 0.4 II - E 5 0.35 84 2 0.3 7 W 0.25 n3 F UI 8 o.2 $2 $ 0.15 0.1 4 E 1 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 8 SCOMBERESOCIDAE Pacific saury eggs Cololabis saira eggs

128' 126' 124' I122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28 0

26' 4.0 1.0 4.8 9.6 19.2 21 Average Eggs per 100 m' hverage Eggs per 100 ma 0 24' 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.08 0.09 1 3 W 2 0.07 - "E 2.5 b 0.06 - 0 0 I? - F2 0.05 w 0 W F 0.04 - w 1.5 (3 A SI 0.5

O.O10 ~ 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456709101112 MONTH MONTH

0.09 4.5

0.08 4

$ 0.07 3.5 t "E v) 0.06 03 0 B r 0.05 2.5 0 3 F 0.04 a2 w u) 0.03 1.5 0 2 0.02 1

0.01 0.5

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 9 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi Mussel blenny BLEN NI IDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 0

26' 130' 4.2 1.2 5.8 11.6 23.1 " Average Larvae per,lW m3 Average Lawas per 100 ma I 0 24' I 1 I. 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.35 r r 0.3 . w L -I- 0.25 . v)

12 0.2 ' z 2 0.15 - ;0.1 . n 0.05 rn

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234567891Oll12 MONTH MONTH

0.3 25

0.25 20 2 E 0 5 0.2 0 15 P 5 -5 0.15 n I- w y 10 g 0.1 L 0 4 5 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 10 SCOMBRIDAE Chub mackerel Scomber japonicus

124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' Q 34' Q 0 Q 32' Q "1 30' Q 32' 0

0 20' 3 Q 0 0 0 Q 26' 0 30' <.5 .5 2.5 5.0 10.0 4 Average Larvae per 100 m' 24' t 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.25 r g 0.2 z- B 0.15 z 0 c & 0.1 B 0.05

0 123456789101112 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 MONTH MONTH

0.45 20

0.4 18 W 2 0.35 16 I- E v) 0.3 0 l4 0 12 B 0.25 0 10 p 0.2 & 20 2 0.15 0 &6 0.1 4 4

0.05 2 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 11 YEAR Rockfishes SEBASTIDAE Sebastes sppil 128' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36

34'

32'

30' <.9 .9 4.7 9.5 18.9 Average Larvae per? 00 m' I 24.1. I,I~,.~~I~I~I~~ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.5 r 9 r 0.45 8

$ 0.4 -7 - E 5 0.35 86 g 0.3 r er5 W 0.25 n F w4 PI 0.2 a 0 8 0.15 43 -12 :: 0.1 0.05 1 0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234S6789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.35 12

0.3 10 W 1 n k 0.25 E 008 v ;0.2 E6 P W t-er 0.15 24 [ 0.1 5 n 2 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 12 MERLUCCIIDAE Pacific hake or whiting Merluccius productus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.9 .9 4.6 9.3 18.5 Average Larvae per 1W ma 24'!., . , , ,. , . , . , .", , 1 n 1- 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r 'r 0.12 w 2 t 0.1 v) g 0.08 z 0 $ 0.06 0 & 0.04 % 0.02

0 123456789101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.16

0.14 UJ 2 0.12 t rn 2 0.1

$ 0.08 F $ 0.06 $ 0.04 n 0.02

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 13 Hexagrammos decagrammus Kelp greenling HEXAGRAMMI DAE

124'~ 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36' 36'

36

34' 34' 0 34' 0 0 32' 0 0 0 0 30' 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 0

26 30 130' 4.6 1.6 8.0 16.0 32.0 Average Larvae per 100 ms B 24' 118' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 116'

14 r

5 0.08

0z 0.06 F p? 0.04 P 0.02

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.18 50

0.16 45 u 40 0.14 2 E I= 0 35 v) 0.12 0 30 :0.1 p? 0 25 F 0.08 p? :20 2 0.06 15 0 4 0.04 10 0.02 5

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 14 POMACENTRIDAE Blacksmith Chromis punctipinnis

128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 0 28' 3 0 0 0 0 0 26' 0 0 30'

Average Larvae per: 00 ma 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

-g 0.2 k g 0.15 z w; 0.1 2

0.05

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.6 35

0.5 30 2 " t E 25 u) 0.4 0 : 0 z 2 20 0 0.3 n wF W 15 g 0.2 s 0 5j IO 0.1 5

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 15 A fherinopsis californiensis Jacksmelt ATHERINIDAE

128'- 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 28' 0

26' <.3 .3 1.7 3.3 6.7 " Averago Larvae per 100 m3 Avenge Larvas per 100 m' 0 n 24' 128' 126. 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

3.5 r

0.18o.2 1 A 3

$ 0.16 - r) - - E 2.5 5 0.14 0 - 0Y g 0.12 / u2 W 5 0.1 - P W 1.5 F 0.08 - 4 0 8 0.06 - 214 E 0.04 - 0.5

0.020 ~ 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.25

-$ 0.2 5 2 0.15 z +P u 0.1 B 8 0.05

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 16 COTTIDAE Cabezon Scorpaenich thys marmora tus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116

38' 36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 28' 0

26' 130' <.2 .2 .9 1.7 3.4 4 Average Larvae par100 m' I 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.25 r 716 t 9 0.2 0 c E5 I z0 8 0.15 L4n 2 0.1 23 g 422 0.05 1

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.3 2.5

0.25 2 2 E I- 0 rn 0.2 0 1.5 8 p! w $ 0.15 n 2 :I g 0.1 2 0 K 3 0.5 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 17I, Trachurus symme tricus Jack mackerel CARANGI DAE

. 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 3

26'

c.2 .2 .7 1.5 3.0 0 iverage Larvae per 100 m' 0 Average Larvae per 100 m3 24' & 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' I 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

o.2 r 0.18 1.8 - 0.16 1.6 5 0.14 E 1.4 0 g 0.12 1.2 z K- 0 0.1 E1 z 0.08 0.8 0 >: 8 0.06 0.04 3 0.4

0.02 0.2

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.18 2.5

0.16 W -> 0.14 2 t E v) 0.12 0 0 5! 1.5 0.1 E w P 0.08 L 0.06 $I 0 a 0.04 -I 0.5 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 18 ATHERINIDAE California grunion Leuresfhes fenuis

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.6 .6 3.1 6.2 12.5 Average Lanrae pe'200 ma I 24'! 1,1 I, I ' I ', I ', 1 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

4.5 r 4

o 3.5 E 83 F PI 2.5 Z W n +4! w2 PI 0.1 a 2 2 1.5 0 4 i1 0.05 0.5

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.3 8

7 ,,, ,,, 0.25 1 "E t 0 u) 0.2 E5 2 PI E 0.15 24 FL g 0.1 $3 s 42 0.05 1

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 19 Wncig uerria luce tia Panama lightfish PHOSICHTHY I DAE

1 * 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

32'

30'

28'

26'

.1 .1 .6 1.1 2.3 Average Larvae per 1W ma {{, 24' t i 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' I

1 0.2 9 D c E 5 8 0.8 g 0.15 .r z [y: 0 2 0.6 I- W II: 0.1 a 2 2 0.4 4 0.05 2 0.2

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.25 1.8

I.6 9 0.2 - 0 1.4 t E v) g 1.2 2 0.15 F z wII:1 0 n I- w 0.8 L 0.1 a 2 2 0.6 2 0.05 0.4 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 20 Shortbelly rockfish Sebastes jordani SEBASTIDAEI 128' 126 124' 11 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30' 0 *.l .1 .5 1.0 2.1 0 Avenge Law- par 100 ma 0

24'1, I,I I, ~ ~, , , I 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.09 r 1.4 r 0.08 - I.2 W 2 0.07 - 0 El 0.06 - 0 5 0 r 2 - p! 0.8 0.05 w 0 n F 0.04 - PI 8 0.03 - 0 - nPI 0.02

0'010 o.20 ~ 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.2 -3 0.18 2.5 $ 0.16 CI - E 5 0.14 82 2 0.12 r PI -g 0.1 1.5 W 2 0.08 0 81 8 0.06 4 0.04 0.5 0.02 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR Oxyjulis californica Seriorita LABRIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 3

26' 1 30' <.1 .1 .3 J 1.3 Average Larvae per 100 ms (< 24' I 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.14 1 0.9 0.12 W 0.8 L E t 0.1 0.1 fn 0 0.6 0.08 Q! 2 0 2 0.5 0.06 0.4 0.04 4 0.3 a 0.2 0.02 0.1 0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.3 1.2

0.25 1 1 0 c E VI 0.2 8 0.8 Y w 0.15 2 0.6 F W Q! a g 0.1 $ 0.4 0 Q! 4 a 0.05 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 22 SPHYRAENIDAE Pacific barracuda Sphyraena argentea

124' 122' 120' 116'

38'

36

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 0

26' 0 11111 130' e.2 .z .a 1.8 3.5 Avenge Larvae per: 00 ms I 24' t I 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118- 116'

0.18 - 1.6 r

0.16 - 1.4 w 2 0.14 - t 1.2 v) 0.12 - 0 :I B 0.1 - n! 2 0.8 0.08 - w n! 12 0.06 - 2 0 2 0.4 E 0.04 - 0.02 - 0.2

0 123456789101112 1234567~9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.18 3

0.16 w 2.5 2 0.14 CI E 5 0.12 82 r B 0.1 n! 0 2 1.5 F 0.08 u n! 2 0.06 $1 0 0.04 2 0.5 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 I985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 23 Hypsoblen nius gilb erti Rockpool blenny BLENN II DAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 28' 0

26' 1 30' <.z .z 1.0 1.9 3.9 Average Larvae per? 00 m3 I 24' t . 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.1 1.6 r

0.09 1 1.4 "E 1.2 0 ZI p! L 0.8 W 0.6 p! 2 0.4

0.2

0 I23456789101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 2.5

0.12 W 2 L t 0.1 E 0 u) 0 0 1.5 2 0.08 au 0 n 0.06 du1 0.04 4 n 0.5 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 24 SEBASTIDAE Splitnose rockfish Sebastes diploproa

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

< .1 .1 .5 1.0 2.0 Average Larvae pr100 ma 0 Average Larvae per 100 ma 0 6 i I 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.45 r 0.080'09 [: / 0.4 $ 0.07 o 0.35 I- E 0.06 8 0.3 r B 0.05 $ 0.25 n 0.04 w 0.2 ct a g 0.03 2 0.15 0 a E 0.02 0.1 0.01 1 0.05

01 ' 'I' ' ' " " ' ' 0 123456789101112 MONTH

0.09 0.7

0.08 0.6 Lu 2 0.07 m E 0.5 t 0 v) 0.06 2 B 0.05 & 0.4 Lu 0 n F 0.04 Lu 0.3 0.03 5 0.2 J2 n2 0.02 0.1 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 25 Cerafoscopelus townsendi Dogtooth lampfish MYCTOPHIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

28'

26' 130' 1 <.I I .3 .5 1.0 Avorage Larvae perW0 in3 24' t 1 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.45 -

0.4 - 0.1 L o 0.35 - t E u) 0.08 8 0.3 - r 2 E 0.25 W 0.06 a W 0.2 n z 6 0.04 2 0.15 6 2 -I 0.1 a 0.02 0.05

0 1 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.18 0.7

0.16 0.6 W 2 0.14 c1 t E 0.5 u) 0.12 0 2 0r 0.1 5 0.4 a 0.08 W 0.3 p! 6 2 0.06 0 4 0.2 0.04 -I 0.1 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 26 SCORPAENIDAE Sculpin Scorpaena guttata

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 0

26' 130' e.3 .3 1.6 3.2 6.4 0 Average L~N~oper 1 MI Averaga LWVES per 100 ma 0 m3 24' 6 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

3.5 r 0.02 r 0.018 3 $ 0.016 - 0 0.014 E 2.5 5 0 0F 0.012 g g2 z w 0 0.01 n W 1.5 z 0.008 0 8 0.006 z1 4 0.004 0.5 0.002 0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 35

0.12 30 W 1 0 t 0.1 E 25 u) 0 0r g 0.08 w 20 z W 0 n 0.06 % 0.04 3 10

YP 0.02 5

0 0 1975 1980 4985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 27 Xenistius californiensis Salema HAEMU LI DAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

28'

26 30' <.I .1 .7 1.3 2.6 Avorag. Larvae per 100 m' R 24'!, , , 1 ',', ' 1 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' I 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.045 r 0.04 1.8 w 2 0.035 1.6 k E 1.4 v) 0.03 0 1.2 B 0.025 IY 21 2 0.02 g y 0.8 0.015 g 0.6 0 4 0.01 0.4 0.005 0.2

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 12

0.12 UI 10 2 *I t 0.1 E v) 88 r 0.08 2 P E6 2 0.06 UI $4 0.04 4 n 0.02 2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 28 SERRANIDAE Kelp and sand basses Paralabrax spp.

128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' L

36'

0

34'

32'

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30' <.I .I .3 .5 1.1 Average Larvae per 100 ma " {<, 24.1, I, I, I, ,., . 1 128 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.08 0.8 W 2 0.07 CI 0.7 E 5 0.06 8 0.6 8 F 0.05 Kt 0.5 W cL 8 0.04 w 0.4 a! 8 0.03 2 0.3 0 a p: 0.02 -I P 0.2 0.01 0.1

"_____ 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.3 4

3.5 ,,, 0.25 L t "E v) 0.2 0 8 $ 2.5 0.15 E2 W p:F g 0.1 $ 8 41 0.05 0.5

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 29 Girella nigricans Opaleye KYPHOSIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.I .I .s .9 1.8 Average Larvae per 100 in' - \5 24'!, ,'I'I'>.I'I'I'~ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

r 0.9 r 0.8 0.1 2 m 0.7 t E u) 0.08 8 0.6 r :: O! 0.5 W 0.06 a F w 0.4 p! 0.04 2 0.3 U s -I 0.2 0.02 0.1

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.2 2 0.18 I.8 9 0.16 I.6 - E 5 0.14 1.4 0 0.12 1.2 2 pz W 5 0.1 a1 F 2 0.8 8 0.08 8 0.06 0.6 0.04 0.4

0.02 0.2 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 30 SCIAENIDAE , White croaker Genyonemus lineatus

128' 126' 124' 22' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' A II

38'

36'

34

32'

30'

0

0 28' 0

26' 130' i <.I .1 .3 .7 1.3 Average Larvae per 100 m3 -0 Avenge b~aeper 100 ma 24' 6 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.8 0.1 2 W 2 rn 0.7 t 0.1 E u) 8 0.6 F g 0.08 0.5 z Wa 0 n k 0.06 w 0.4 2 0.3 0.04 U n -I 0.2 0.02 0.1

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 3

0.12 W 2.5 2 0 L= 0.1 E fn 82 F 0.08 z a 0 1.5 2 0.06 W $1 0.04 4 n 0.02 0.5

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 31 Ophiodon elon Lingcod HEXAGRAMMIDAE

128' 126' 124' b22. 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34' 0 0 32' 0 0

0 30' 0 32' 0

0 28' 0

26' <.1 .I .4 .8 1.5 3 Average Larvae perJW ma 24' t . 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r

0.05 1 0 z E 8 0.8 7 U 2 0.6 : 2 0.4 4 0.2

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 2.5

0.07 W 2 0.06 E - 0 v) 0 0 0.05 1.5 n p? W n Wa1 2 5 0.5 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 32 Northern lampfish Stenobrachius leucopsarus

128'MYCTopH'DrE 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' i

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 28' 0

26' '130' <.02 .02 .1 .2 .4 Average Larvae perJW ma Average Larvae per 100 m' no '1 1 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.06 - 1.18 1.16 1 0.05 . A -> m 0.14 . t E u) 0.04 . 8 0.12 . r B = 0.1 ' z W 0 0.03 - n 2 w 0.08 ' g 0.02 . 2 0.06 a 2 -I 0.04 0.01 . 0.02 '

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.09 0.4

0.08 0.35 w 2 0.07 "E 0.3 0.06 0 5 0.25 B 0.05 E 0 2 0.2 F 0.04 w Lz 0.15 g 0.03 Lz 0 0.1 0.02 4

0.01 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 33 Medialuna californiensis Halfmoon KYPHOS I DAE

128' 126' 124' I 122' 120' 118 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

1 34' b "1 1 b 0 0 32' 0

30' e.02 .02 .07 .15 .3 Average Larvae per 100 rns ($ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.09 0.3

0.08 W 0.25 2 0.07 l.7 t E v) 0.06 8 0.2 2 Y 0.05 a 0 0.15 F 0.04 a aW g 0.03 g 0.1 0 0.02 4 0.05 0.01

0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.12 0.3

0.1 0.25 2 0 t E v) 0.08 8 0.2 7 2 a 5 0.06 f 0.15 ii W 2 0.04 2 0.1 0 K 9 0.02 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 34 TETRAGONURIDAE S malleye squaretail Tetragonurus cuvieri

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36

34'

32'

30'

28'

26'

<.02 .02 d .2 .4 Average Larvae pe'_100 rnJ 1 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.2 - 0.07 I 0.18 - 0.06 W 0.16 - 1 E k 0.05 0.14 - u) 0 0.12 - 0.04 E I / \ 0.1 - nn.. I / A c

0.04 -

123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234567891Oll12 MONTH MONTH

0.09 0.25

0.08 w 0.2 2 0.07 I- E u) 0.06 0 0 0 n 0.15 0.05 0 zn F 0.04 0.1 L >2 I2 0.03 1 0 4 0.02 0.05 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 35 Pleuronichthys coenosus C-0 turbot PLEURONECTIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.02 .02 I .2 .4 " Average Larvae per; 00 ma i 24'! , , ' I ' I ' I ' , ' , ' I ' c 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.16 0.06 W L o 0.14 k 0.05 E u) 8 0.12 r 0.04 w 0.1 z W P n I- 0.03 0.08 [I: 2 0.06 [ 0.02 U n A 0.04 0.01 0.02

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.07 0.2 0.18 0.06 W L 0.16 k 0.05 E 0.14 cn 0 0 r 0.12 $ 0.04 [I: 0 0.1 0.03 2 0.08 :0.02 3 0.06 0.04 E 0.01 0.02 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 36 PAWLICHTHY I DAE Speckled sanddab Citharichthys stigmaeus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 3 0

26' 130' 1 q.04 .04 .2 .4 .a Average Larvae per 100 rn3 24' (<, 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.03 0.12

0.025 0.1 2 m E 5 0.02 g 0.08 2 r z p! 0 0.015 0.06 F W p! g 0.01 2 0.04 U 2 J a 0.005 0.02

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.035 0.35

0.03 0.3 W 1 m k 0.025 E 0.25 u) 0 0r g 0.02 p! 0.2 z W P a 2 0.015 w 0.15 2 s 0 0.01 0.1 E -I 0.005 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 37 Tripho turus mexican us Mexican lam pfish MY CTOPHI DAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

00

0 28' 0 8 0 0 26' 30' 0 I 1 <.02 .02 I .2 .3 4.7 2.4 1.2 .2 e.2 Average Larvse per100 Average Larvae per 100 m' m' I 24' * 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118 116'

,,, 0.05 0.1 1 CI t E u) 0.04 8 0.08 r g p! 0.06 w 2 0.04 4 0.02

0 0 123456789101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.07 0.25

0.06 w 0.2 2 0.05 E t 0 fn 0 .- 0.15 0.04 p! 2 w 0 n 0.03 9 0.1 L ;0.02 4 n 0.05 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 38 SClAENl DAE Queenfish Seriphus politus

128' 126' 124' 12F 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.1 .1 .s 1.0 1.9 Average Larvae per-1 00 ms 1 24'1, I,, , , , , . , , , ,", ,+ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.07 0.8

0.06 0.7 W "E 0.6 0.05 v) 0 $ 0.5 z 0.04 & 0 2 0.4 $ 0.03 W 9 0.3 & 0.02 [ 4 0.2 n. 0.01 0.1

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.16 1.4

0.14 1.2 w 0.12 0 2 El 5 0 0 0.1 0F a p! 0.8 W 3 0.08 n F W 0.6 $ 0.06 a 0.4 2 0.04 -I a 0.02 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 39 Cheilopogon he ferurus Blotchwing flyingfish EXOCOETIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

c.02 .02 .07 .15 .3 Average Larvae per 1W ms

24') , , ' I ' I ' I ' , ' , ' 1 ' + 128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.14 r 0.35 r 0.12 0.3 W 1 m 0.1 E 0.25 t 0 In 0F 0.08 0.2 z W 0 n 2 0.06 W 0.15 5 0.04 4 0.1 n 0.02 0.05

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.16 1.2

0.14 1 W 0 1 0.12 E f 8 0.8 0 0.1 F n E 0.08 2 0.6 F W $ 0.06 2 0.4 2 0.04 4 0.2 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 40 BLE N N I I DAE Bay blenny Hypsoblennius genfilis

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 0 28' 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 30' 0 <.02 .02 .1 .2 .5 I " Average Larvae per100 m' Average hwae per 100 m3 0 1 24' 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.09 r 0.3

c) E 0.25 0 0 9- p! 0.2 W n sW 0.15 0.1 42 0.05

0'010 I0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.8

0.07 0.7 W 2 0.06 "E 0.6 t u) 0 0 0.05 0.5 a p! 0.04 0.4 w 0.03 g' 2 0.3 2 0.02 4 0.2 a 0.01 0.1

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 41 Hypsypops rubicundus Garibaldi POMACENTRIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.I .1 .3 .5 1.1 U Average Lervaa per 1W mr 0 Average Larvae per 100 ms

I,,,,, 1 I,I i 24',, , I, 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.07 r 0.6 r

0.06 W 0.5 2 n t 0.05 E 8 0.4 8 r 0.04 z 0 0.3 0.03 W 2 0.2 [ 0.02 3 n 0.1 0.01

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.09 1.8

0.08 1.6 W 2 0.07 n 1.4 t E v) 0.06 8 1.2 : F 0.05 11 0 n F 0.04 W 0.8 o! a :0.03 2 0.6 0 a 0.02 A 0.4

0.01 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 42 EXOCOETIDAE California flyingfish Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 30' 0 <.04 .04 .2 .4 .7 Average Larvae per 100 m3 24' t 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.04 r 0.3 r

0.035 W 0.25 2 0.03 c1 t E v) 0.2 0.025 r Q! 2 0- 0.02 E 0.15 L W 0.015 a 2 0.1 2 0.01 4 n 0.05 0.005

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 0.6

0.12 W 0.5 2 0 t 0.1 E v) .?8 0.4 'z 0.08 Q! 9 0.3 0.06 Lua 2 0.2 0.04 4 n 0.02 0.1

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 43 Lampadena urophaos Sunbeam lampfish MYCTOPH I DAE

128. 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36

34' 34' 0 0 32' 0

30' 32' 0

0 28' 0

26 30' <.03 .03 I .3 .5 Average Larvae per-100 ms 24' t * 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.3 r

0.08 1.25 E 8 0.2 F

0.15 W U 5 0.1 4 0.05 0.01

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.1 0.5

0.09 0.45 9 0.08 0.4 - E 5 0.07 0.35 0 a0 0.06 0.3 0.05 $ 0.25 W 0.04 Q 0.2 0 8 0:03 0.15 4 g 0.02 0.1 0.01 0.05 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 44 PARALICHTHY IDAE California halibut Paralic h thys californicus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

30' -Lo2 .02 .I .z .3 Averege hrvne per 100 ma 0 Average Larvae pe51 W ma i 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.035 r 0.09O'I 1. 0.03 w I 0.08 k 0.025 E 0.07 In 0 I- 0.06 2 0.02 z w 0 2 0.05 0.015 $ 0.04 0.01 I! 0.03 ci 0.02 0.005 0.01 0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.07 0.2

0.18 0.06 w 0.16 1 E k 0.05 0.14 u) 0 0 .- 0.12 2 0.04 0 0.1 2 0.03 2 0.08 g 0.02 0.06 E 0.04 0.01 0.02 0 0 1975 I980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 45 Cyclofhone signata Showy bristlemouth GONOSTOMATIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 0

26' 30' c.01 .01 .os .1 .2 Average Larvae perJM) ma 24' t ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r

0.05 0.1 1 rn t E u) 0.04 8 0.08 F : PI 0.03 2 0.06 W z U g 0.02 2 0.04 2 5 0.01 0.02

0 I 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.05 0.14

0.045 0.12

9 0.04 0 - E 0.1 5 0.035 0 0F g 0.03 p! 0.08 w 5 0.025 n W 0.06 0.02 0z 8 0.015 42 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.005 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 YEAR YEAR 46 PAWLI C HTHY IDAE Pacific sanddab Citharichthys sordidus

128' 126' 124' lZI!' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 3 0 0 0 0 26' 0 0 II <.01 .01 .05 .1 .Z Average Larvae per loo ma 24' t B 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.05 r 0.045 0.1 0.04 -5 0 0.035 E 5 8 0.08 g 0.03 F z 1 0 0.025 E 0.06 LF 0.02 0 2 0.04 8 0.015 2 4 E 0.01 0.02 0.005

0 0 1234567891011 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.07

0.035 0.06 W 0.03 " L E 0.05 0 rn 0 8 0.025 r p! 0.04 z w 0 0.02 n c W 0.03 0.015 5 0.02 2 0.01 5 n 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 I980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 47 Pleuronichthys verticalis Hornyhead turbot PLEURONECTIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.01 .01 .05 .I .Z " Average Larvae per,lOO m' Average Larvae per 1W m' 0 b. 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.04 r 0.06 r

0.035 0.05 W CI 2 0.03 E

25 0.025

5 0.02 0.03 F w 2 0.02 B 0.0q5 a s 0.01 -I n 0.01 0.005

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234567a91oii12 MONTH MONTH

0.09 0.3

0.08 0.25 W 2 0.07 t v) 0.06

B 0.05

0.04 W 0: 0.03 2 0.1 0 0.02 0.05 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 48 CENTROLOPHIDAE Medusafish lcic h thys lockingtoni

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

<.Ol .01 .04 .1 .2 " Average Larvae per 100 m' Average Larvae per 100 m' 0 I i 1 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.06 r 0.09 r 0.08 0.05 1 m 0.07 t E v) 0.04 8 0.06 F g 5 0.05 0.03 n 5 w 0.04 E a g 0.02 2 0.03 0 a 0.02 0.01 0.01

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.18

0.035 0.16 Lu o 0.14 2 0.03 t E u) 8 0.12 g 0.025 F 0.1 Lue 5 0.02 n c- w 0.08 0.015 8 2 0.06 8 0.01 0.04 n 0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 49 Neoclinus blan chardi Sarcastic fringehead CHAENOPSIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

000 32'

30' .3 .z 1 . <.01 .01 .OJ I .2

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.07 r r 0.06 0.07 w 2 "E 0.06 t 0.05 v) 0 0.05 0.04 'z fx P 0.04 $ 0.03 W 0 0.03 b 0.02 a: fx 5 0.02 n 0.01 0.01

0 0 123456789101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 1 0.14

0.035 0.12 w 1 0.03 - L E 0.1 v) 0 0 0.025 r fx 0.08 5 0.02 w F n E 0.015 g 0.01 a 0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 50 YEAR HEXAGRAMMIDAE Painted greenling Oxyle bius pic tus

128' 126' 124' 122. 120' 118 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

g.01 .01 .Ob .1 .2 .2 .1 .06 .01 Average Larvae per100 m' I Average Larvae per 100 m' I L7 I 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118 116'

0.025 0.07 -

0.06 -

9 0.02 c) Lc E 0.05 - u) 0 0r g 0.015 z 0 n + W 0.03 w 0.01 - g

0.005

0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.16

0.035 0.14 W 2 0.03 0.12 Int 0 0 0.025 g 0.1 n g 0.02 0.08 F W 0.015 2 0.06 s 0.01 4 0.04 n 0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 51 Anisotrem us da vidsoni Sargo HAEMULIDAE

128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

30' c.03 .03 .2 .3 .6 Averaga Larvae per 100 m' 24.!,, ',, , ',', , , ,", , n 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.12

0.1 2.5 A c) L E 5 0.08 82 r o! z 0.06 1.5 g 0.04 8 0.02 0.5

0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 I\MONTH MONTH

0.6 5

4.5 0.5 2 4 E 3.5 0.4 5 0 -3 2 0 0.3 $ 2.5 F w 22 g 0.2 0 3 1.5 o! J 1 n. 0.1 0.5 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 52 STOMl IDAE Blackbelly dragonfish Stomias atriventer

128'- 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

0 36'

34' 0 0 1 32' 0 01 30' A 0 0

0 28' 0

26' 130' g.01 .01 .06 .1 .2 Avoreg. Larvae per 100 ms 0 Average Larvae pet"00 ma 1 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.0350.04 [ 0.06 W 0.07 f CI I 2 0.03 E 0.05 0 5 0.025 0r p! 0.04 z W 0 0.02 n F W 0.03 $ 0.015 3 0.02 0E 0.01 -I 0.005 0.01

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.1 0.09 0.035 w 0.08 2 0.03 E t 0.07 v) 0 g 0.025 0.06 p! 0z 0.02 0.05 -c $ 0.015 9 0.04 0.03 2 0.01 4 n 0.02 0.005 0.01 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 53 Aristostomias scintillans Shining loosejaw STOMllDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

0 32'

30'

28 1

26'

Average Latvw par 100 rn' 0 24' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118 116'

0.045 0.25

0.04 W 0.2 2 0.035 E t 0 v) 0.03 0 0.15 12 0.025 p? W 0 n F 0.02 p? :0.1 2 0.015 2 0 4 0.01 0.05 0.005

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234567891Oll12 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.07

0.06 0.025 I 0 t E 0.05 v) 0.02 0 r0 12 p? 0.04 Lu 5 0.015 LL F W 0.03 p? U g 0.01 8 3 0.02 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 54 MYCTOPHI DAE Broadfin lampfish Nannobrachium ritteri

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

.01 .03 .05 .1 - Average Larvae p"y,lOO ms i 24'1 ,,,I',.,',',','I 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.08 r 0.035 r 0.07 - -5 "E 0.06 - k~ 0.0250.03 fn t I 0 0 0.05 -

0.04 -

123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.09

0.08 0.025 2 o 0.07 I- E fn 0.02 8 0.06 12 Y rr: 0.05 w 0.015 n F w 0.04 K g 0.01 2 0.03 0 a K -I 0.02 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 55 Sebastes aurora Aurora rockfish S EBASTlDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0 1 "1

0 0 0 O0 I io^^ 0 0 0 O 1

0 0 0 0 1 I I I 130. .Ol .03 .05 .1 Average Lawee per 100 rn' G 24'!,,' I~I~,~I~,~I~~ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.04 r 0.03 r 0.035 0.025 2 "E 0.03 t In 0.02 0 9 0.025 2 Q! 5 0.015 0.02 c W bc 9 0.015 2 0.01 Q! 2 5 0.01 a 0.005 0.005

0 0 123456789101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.14

0.07 0.12 W 2 0.06 0 c E 0.1 0 rn 0 2 0.05 r 0: 0.08 z W 0 0.04 a c % 0.06 '2 0.03 5 0.04 2 0.02 -I a 0.01 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 56 LABRl DAE Rock wrasse Ha lic h oeres s em icin c tus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 0 28' 3 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 I Ill 2 .01 .03 .06 .1 U Average Larvae pr-1 W ma Lverage Larvae per 100 tn' 0 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112'

0.1 - 0.035 r 0.09 - 0.03 W 0.08 - 2 0.025 E 0.07 - 0 l- 0.06 - ;0.02 PI G 2 0.05 - 0.015 0.04 - 0 - g 0.01 4 0.03 g 0.02 - 0.005 0.01 -

0 0 ='=I-=' 123456789101112 MONTH

0.045 0.18

0.04 0.16

$ 0.035 o 0.14 t E v) 0.03 8 0.12 l- B 0.025 PI 0.1 W a 0.02 w 0.08 2 0.015 0.06 0 U9 0.01 0.04

0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 57 Semicossyphus pulcher Sheephead LABRIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36

36

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 3

26' 130' s.01 .01 .05 .1 .Z Average Larvae per 'JOO ms 1 24' t 1 * 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.05 - 0.045 - 0.12 0.04 - - 0 0.035 - E 0.1 0 v) - g 0.03 0.08 W 0.025 - a W 0.06 z 0.02 - 0 5 8 0.015 - 0.04 -I2 g 0.01 - 0.02 0.005 - 0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 MONTH

0.07 0.2 0.18 0.06 W 0.16 2 k 0.05 E 0.14 0 0.12 5 0.04 z P 0.1 0.03 0.08 8 0.02 4 0.06 n 0.04 0.01 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 58 STROMATEIDAEI Pacific butterfish Peprilus simillimus 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30' .01 .03 .06 .1 Avenge Larvae par 100 ma 0 I Average Larvae per 1W ma i 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.025 r r 0.1 g 0.02 - c1 E~ 5 g 0.08 g 0.015 'c- z 0 0.06 I- w g 0.01 a 2 0.04 0B a J 0.005 0.02

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.25

0.035 W 0.2 2 0.03 t E fn 0 0.025 0 2 0.15 0: w 5 0.02 n. F 5 0.015 8 0.01 n 0.05 0.005

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 59 A noplopoma fimbria Sablefish ANOPLOPOMATIDAE

128' 126' 124' I 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

.Ol .04 .07 .I4 Average Larvae r 100 ma Average Larvae p.r 100 ma 0 < 24.r. 1,I~I~I'I.~.~~ 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.035 r 0.16

L 0.03 0.14 W > "E 0.12 E 0.025 u) 0 g 0.1 52z 0.02 4! :0.08 0.015 W 0.06 0.01 lx ; 2 0.04 n 0.005 0.02

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.35

0.07 0.3 w 0 2 0.06 t E 0.25 u) 0 0 0.05 0F n 0.2 z W 0 0.04 n F W 0.15 $ 0.03 a 0.1 2 0.02 Fj n 0.01 0.05

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 60 ATH ERINI DAE Tops meIt Atherinops affinis

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 26' 0 0 1 II .01 .04 .08 .2 Average L.t~eper 100 m3 24' B 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.06 r 0.16

0.14 0.05 L "E 0.12 t v) 0.04 0 :0.1 g w 0.03 0.08 F w w 0.06 g 0.02 DZ 2 4 0.04 0.01 0.02

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.3

0.07 w 0.25 2 0.06 CI I- E v) g 0.2 2 0.05 F z w 0 0.04 E 0.15 F W 0.03 2 0.1 2 0.02 4 n 0.05 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 61 Coryphopterus nicholsii Blackeye goby GOBI I DAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34' 0 0 0 0 32' 0 0

0 30'

0

0 28' 0

26'

, , , , .ol .04, .1 (T ;2 , Avaraga ~~rvaepar 100 ma .fj 24' 1 1' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.025 0.05 r 1 0.045 g 0.02 - 0.04 - E t 0.035 v) 0 g 0.015 w 0.03 z 2 f 0.025 I- ai: 0.01 2 0.02 2 4 0.015 -I 0.005 0.01 0.005

0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.08

0.035 0.07 Lu 2 0.03 "E 0.06 t v) 0 0.025 $ 0.05 ai: 0z 0.02 0.04 F u1 0.015 2 0.03 0.01 4 0.02 E0 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 62 CHAENOPSIDAE Yellowfin fringehead Neoclinus stephensae

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

.01 .03 .07 .1 -0 Average Larvae per 100 m1 Average Larvae per 1W ma 24' ,','I.,. d r 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.02 r 0.04 r 0.018 0.035 0.016 - "E 0.03 0.014 6 0 g 0.012 0.025 8 0.01 0.02 F w n! 0.008 0 8 0.006 2 0.0i5 4 0.01 0.004 0.002 0.005

0 0 123456789101112 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.08

0.07 0.025 2 "E 0.06 t u) 0.02 0 2 $ 0.05 n! 5 0.015 0.04 w z 0.03 0.01 3 12 n! 2 4 0.02 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 63 Sebasfes paucispinis Bocaccio SEBASTIDAE

128' 126' 1241 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' e< 34' I0 y 32'

30' 0 32'

0

0 I -\ I 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 30' 0 .01 .04 I .z 0 Average Larvae pr1 W In' Average Larvae per 1W fn' 0 24' ~ I' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 0.025 1 -!j 0.02 - t u) 2 0.015 - z E! t- o! 0.01 - B 0.005 -

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03

0.025 L t fn 0.02 B 0.015 5 g 0.01 0 0.005

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 64 CENTRISCIDAE S ni pefish Ma croramph os us gracilis

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 0 u 28' 0

26' 130' .02 .04 .07 1.5 .7 .2 e.2 .OM Average Larvae per 100 m' Avenga Larvae per 100 m' 0 B 24' 1 I. 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.035

0.014 - 0.03 W 2 0.012 - t v) 0, 0.01 - 0.008 - n

123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.02 0.06

0.018 0.05 9 0.016 - - E 0.014 v) 8 0.04 r 0.012 g p? 5 0.01 0.03 W ii 0.008 0 2 0.02 8 0.006 1a 0.004 0.01 0.002 0 0 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 65 Fodia for acufus Sharpchin flyingfish EXOCOETIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38

36

34'

32'

30'

28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 0 0 .Ol .04 .1 .z Avenge Larvae per 100 ma O 7 Average Larvae per 100 m' 6 24' 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.03 r 0.025 0.1 c 2 0 E 5 0.02 8 0.08 : F z 0 0.015 0.06 F a aW g 0.01 2 0.04 s 4 0.005 0.02

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.18

0.07 0.16 W *I 0.14 2 0.06 E 5 0" 0.12 g 0.05 r ~ [L: 0.1 z W 0 0.04 n F w 0.08 0.03 a 2 0.06 0.02 a n 0.04 0.01 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 66 YEAR GIGANTACTINIDAE W hi pnoses Giganfacfis spp.

128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0

0 28' 3

26' 130' .01 .03 .05 .1 .2 .l , Average Larvae per 1W ma Average Lanrae per 100 ma 0 24' ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.04 r r 0.045 0.035 W 0.04 2 0.03 E 0.035 5 0 2 0.025 0.03 n! 5 0.02 0.025 F 0.02 0.015 : 3 0.015 g 0.01 A n 0.01 0.005 0.005

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.05 0.09

0.045 0.08

9 0.04 o 0.07 - E 5 0.035 8 0.06 2 0.03 r 5 0.05 5 0.025 n w 0.04 5 0.02 a 0 2 0.03 0.015 4 0.02 s 0.01 0.005 0.01 0 0 1975 1980 1985 I990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 67 Bathylagus ocho tensis Popeye blacksmelt BATHYLAGIDAE

128' 126' 14. 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 110' 116'

38'

0 36'

34' 0 0 0 0 0 0 32' 0 0 0 0 0 30' 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 0 0

0 I I 0 111 'i 26' 30' 0 1111 .01 .04 .1 .Z Average Larvae qer 100 ms 24' I L, 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.016 r 0.045 r 0.04

c) 0.035 E 8 0.03 r 0.025 n w 0.02 2 0.015 a 0.01

0.005

0 I23 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.045 0.2

0.04 0.18

$ 0.035 0.16 t E 0.14 u) 0.03 0 0.12 B 0.025 0: 0.1 0.02 5 :0.08 2 0.015 0 0.06 0.01 4 0.04 0.005 0.02 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 68 PLEURONECTIDAE Curlfin turbot Pleuronichthys decurrens

124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

34'

32'

30' .2 .I .05 .01 .02 .M

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.02 r 0.025 r 0.018 -5 0.016 0.02 E~ $ 0.014 0 2 0.012 0.015 PI z w 0 0.01 n F PI 0.008 $ 0.01 0 > 8 0.006 aPI PI d 0.004 0.005 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.05 0.045 0.025 ,,, 0.04 c1 E 0.035 0.02 I 0 2 0.03 z PI -0 0.015 0.025 2 9 0.02 g 0.01 $ 0.015 2 0.01 0.005 0.005 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 69 Hermosilla azurea Zebraperch KYPHOSIDAE

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 30' 0 .01 .03 .05 .1

~ 0 .y Average Larvae Der 100 ma n Average Larvae rr100 ma 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

1.16 c 0.05 0 0.14 E E 0.04 8 0.12 7 x w 0.1 z W 0- 0.03 n k W 0.08 g 0.02 2 0.06 a 2 0.04 n. 0.01 0.02

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.4 1.4

0.35 1.2 W 0 2 0.3 k El 0 u) 0 2 0.25 F g 0.8 W 5 0.2 n F W 0.6 0.15 a 0.4 0 0.1 4-I E 0.05 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 70 MYCTOPHI DAE Headlightfishes Diaphus spp,

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

32'

30'

0

28' 0

26'

.01 .03 .05 .1 Averaga Larvae per-100 mJ 24' 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118 116'

0.016 0.05 r 0.014 0.045 W - 0.04 2 0.012 - t E 0.035 u) 0.01 - 0 g 0.03 z o! 0 0.008 - 0.025 F - 0.02 0.006 >:

2 0.004 - 0.015 n 3 0.01 0.002 - 0.005 01-,-. 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.045 I 0.25 0.04 1 w 2 0.035 ~ 0.2 t E u) 0.03 0 0 g 0.15 0.025 0 n5 F 0.02 a ;0.1 2 0.015 > 0 a 0.01 4 0.05 0.005

0 0 .. 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 71 Rafhbunella alleni Rough ronquil BATHYMASTERIDAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36' 36'

34' 34'

32' 32'

30' I30' c.01 .01 .07 .1 .3 Average Larvae per 100 m' (5 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.25 !$ 0.02 ", - E 8 0.2 5 r 2 0.015 a z f 0.15 P W k 0.01 B 2 0.1 0 -Ia 0.005 0.05

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.09 0.9

0.08 0.8 W 2 0.07 p1 0.7 k E v) 0.06 8 0.6 Y B K 0.5 0.05 W n 0.04 w 0.4 a2 4 0.03 2 0.3 0 a 0.02 -I 0.2

0.01 0.1

0 0 1975 I980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 72 OPHI DI IDAE Basketweave cusk-eel Ophidion scrippsae

124' 122' 120' 116'

.02 .03 .07 Average Larvae yr1 W rn' 1 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

r 0.06 r 0.014 w 0.05 1 0.012 0 t E v) 8 0.04 0 0.01 r n w 5 0.008 E 0.03 0.006 z g' G 0.02 a 0.004 -I E 0.01 0.002

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.18

0.035 0.16 w o 0.14 2 0.03 E 6 8 0.12 0.025 n0 F z wm! 0.1 0 0.02 n Fr w 0.08 E 0.015 a 2 0.06 2 0.01 n 0.04 0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 I985 1990 I995 2000 1975 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 73 128' 126 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

32'

30' 0 O Io Io 0 \I 28' 0 0 I. 0 0 26' 0 I II 30' .01 .03 .06 '1 ,003 Average Larvae yr100 rn' Averago Larvae per 100 ma 0 1 24' /. 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r

12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.025

-9 0.02 t v) g 0.015 2 0 2 0.01 2 8 0.005

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 74 MYCTOPHI DAE Popeye lampfish Bolinichthys longipes

128 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118 116'

36'

34-

0 0 0 P, 1

.01 .06 .1 .Z Average Larvae per 100 m' Average Larvae perJ00 rn' 1 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.016 r 0.014 W 0.2 2 0.012 t E rn 0 0.01 0 g 0.15 z 0 0.008 n5 F :0.1 0.006 2 0.004 Is 0.05 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 1234567a9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.07 0.9

0.8 0.06 W 2 o 0.7 k 0.05 E rn 8 0.6 0 Y 0.04 0.5 Wa 0 n 2 0.03 w 0.4 4 2 0.3 0.02 a n 0.2 0.01 0.1

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 7c YEAR Brown Irish Lord COTTIDAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

36'

.M)4 .02 .04 .07 U , Avenge Larvae per 100 m' Avmrag. Larva. par 1W m' 0 1 24'1, I I,I ',1 I,I,, 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.02 r 0.04 r 0.018 0.035

"E 0.03 0 5 0.025 z E 0 0.01 2 0.02 W z 0.008 0 $ 0.006 2 O.OI5 4 0.01 0.004 0.005 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.08

0.07 Lu 0.025 L "E 0.06 k u) 0.02 0 $ 0.05 B IY 0.015 E 0.04 s W p 0.01 2 0.03 2 4 0.02 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 76 BATHYLAGIDAE California smoothtongue Leuroglossus stilbius

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112'

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 .01 .03 .06 .I3

24'!, , . , . , , , , , , , ,", , 1 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.009 0.04 r 0.008 0.035 W 2 0.007 c "E 0.03 u) 0.006 0 g 0.025 0.005 p! 0 y 0.02 F 0.004 ' p! u 0.015 0.003 . 2 p! 0 0.002 - 9 0.01 n 0.005 O.Ool t \ 0 123456789101112 1234567a9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.03 0.1

~ 0.09 0.025 1 0.08 t E fn 0.02 0.07 0 g 0.06 p! 0.015 0.05 F W p! 4 0.04 2 0.01 8 4 0.03 0.005 0.02 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 77 Synodus lucioceps California lizardfish SY NODONTIDAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 136' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' A CaiCOFI: 1977 - 2000 38' Total hffae 13 36'

36'

0 0 n,. I 1 34' 34' 0 0 0 0 0 Ot 0 0, 32' 0 CP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28' 0

30' 26' 1 ,003 .01 .03 .OS Average Larvae pr100 ma 1 f 24' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112'

0.016 0.025 r

0.014 W 0.02 2 0.012 E L 0 fn 0 g 0.01 0.015 w w -g 0.008 n c !$ 0.01 $ 0.006 2a 2 0.004 A n 0.005 0.002

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.035 0.05 0.045 0.03 UI 0.04 1 E t 0.025 0.035 fn 0 0 0.03 0.02 fY z 2 0.025 0 0.015 !$ 0.02 > 0.01 5 O.OI5 n 0.01 0.005 0.005

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 78 MYCTOPHI DAE Longfin lanternfish Diogenic h thys a tlan ticus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' i 122' 120' 118' 116'

36' 0

34'

32' -

30' - 0 32' -0 0

28'- 0

26' - 0 30' .01 .02 .03

24'!, I,, , , . , , , , , ,", ,c 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r 0.009O.O1 1 0.01 >" 0.008 1 - *I 0.007 E 5 8 0.008 2 0.006 r z K 0 0.005 E 0.006 W E 0.004 U 0 0.004 8 0.003 2 4 g 0.002 0.002 0.001

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.025 0.025

-g 0.02 0.02 t E u) 0 0 2 0.015 0.015 z K 0 UI I- K 0.01 :0.01 2 > 8 0.005 0.005

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 I980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 79 YEAR Bathophilus flemingi Highfin dragonfish STOMIIDAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 12s 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' -

38

36

34'

32'

30'

28' 0

26 ,004 .02 .04 I " Average Larvae per; 00 m' 0 1 24 1 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112

0.016 0.025 r

0.014 W 0.02 2 0.012 E t 0 v) 0 0 0.01 0.015 n ez. W - 0.008 n 5 0.01 ez. U -I 0.005 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.035

0.03 W 2 k 0.025 v) 0 n. 0.02 z 0 0.015 0 g 0.01 E 0.005

0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 80 MYCTO PH I DAE California flashlightfish Protomyctophum crockeri

128' 126' 12V 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' I 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

0 30' 0 0 0 32' 00

0 28' 0 0

0 0; 26' lo .01 .02 .03 Average Larvae per 100 m3 (7. 24' t r 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 0.014 r r 0.012 0.014 W 2 "E 0.012 t 0.01 v) 0 s 0.01 0.008 'z p! 0 0.008 2 0.006 W 0.006 0.004 p! 3 0.004 n 0.002 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.04 0.05

0.035 0.045 W 0.04 2 0.03 E 0.035 5J 5J 0.025 0 2 0.03 L g 0.02 0.025 F W 0.015 a 0.02 0.015 8 0.01 9 n 0.01 0.005 0.005 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 81 Nannobrachium regale Pinpoint Iig htfis h MYCTOPHIDAE

1 258 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

36'

34' 1 34' 0 0 32' 0 0

30' 32'

28'

26' 30' <.a04 .004 .a2 .a4 .I Y Average Larvae pe5100 m3 Avenge Laww per 100 m' 0 1 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116

0.03 r

0.012 w 0.025 n 2 E t 0.01 8 0.02 8 r 0.008 z fY P E 0.015 $ 0.006 W 2 0.01 0.004 a n. 0.005 0.002

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.025 0.14

0.12 0.02 -3 0 t E 0.1 u) 0 Y0 2 0.015 a 0.08 z w 0 n W 0.06 2 0.01 s g 0.04 2 2 0.005 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 82 ICOSTEIDAE Ragfish lcosteus aenigmaticus

128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38

36'

34'

32'

30' 0

00

0 28' 3

26'

.01 .03 .06 " Average Layea per 100 Average Larvae per 100 m' 0 'I ma 24' I 1 ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 11 8' 11 6' 1 14' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.03 r 0.025 1.05 . 2 t E u) 0.02 8 0.04 . B r 0.015 $ 0.03 . F w K 6 g 0.01 2 0.02 . 2 5 0.005 0.01 - '

0 0 --- 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH

0.09 0.1

0.08 0.09 ul 2 0.07 0.08 t E 0.07 u) 0.06 0 0.06 f 0.05 p! 0 2 0.05 F 0.04 K 0.04 g 0.03 > 0 0.02 5 0.03 0.02. .~

0.01 0.01 0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 83 fofrema corallinum Deepwater kel pf ish LABRlS OM I DAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' i

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32'

0 0 0 0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 30' 0 " Average bwae per 100 m' 0 24' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.09

0.08 0.35

"E 0.3 0 Z 0.25 e E 0.2 w 0.15 w 4 0.1

0.05 0.01

0 0 1234567a91011 1234567891011 MONTH MONTH

0.3 1.6

1.4 0.25 1: 1.2 t rn 0.2 0 52 $1 5 0.15 0.8 w E 0.6 p! 8 O.' 4 0.4 0.05 0.2

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 84 STOMllDAE Longfin dragonfish Tacfostoma macropus

38

36'

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 0

26'

.01 .03 .06 Average Larvae per 100 m' 24' d 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.006 r O.OI4 r 0.005 0.012 1

c) : E 0.01 0.004 0 g 0 z 2 0.008 0 0.003 W F n K W 0.006 g 0.002 5 2 0.004 s 4 0.001 0.002

0 0 I23456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.018 0.03 0.016 0.025 $ 0.014 0 E 5 0.012 8 0.02 r g 0.01 0 0.015 F 0.008 $ K W g 0.006 0.01 0 9 0.004 4 0.005 0.002

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 85 YEAR J

Parophrys vetulus English sole PLE URON ECTl DAE

I 122' 120' 118' 116' 124' ,

36'

34'

32'

0 0 0 0 0 0 I 130- .01 I .06 .03 I Average L81Vne per 100 In' ,. 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' r

W 2 0.012 .

g5 0.01 '

T, 0.008 ' F !i?0.0°6 B 0.0°4 0.002

123456789101112 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 MONTH MONTH

0.035 0.07

0.03 0.06 W 0 L E 0.05 t 0.025 0 v) 0 0v 0. 0.02 0.04 z w E! n 0.015 Lu 0.03

0.01 9 0.02 -I n 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 86 S EBASTlDAE Thornyheads Sebastolobus spp.

124' 122' 120'

0

30' - 0

00

28' - 0 O

26' -

.004 .02 .04 .1 Average Larvae per 100 m' <5 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.009 0.04 r O.O1 F A 0.035 -2 0.008 - "E 0.03 5 0.007 0 2 0.006 0.025 z 0 0.005 0.02 F : K 0.004 w 0 0.015 0.003 K 4 0.01 i? 0.002 0.001 0.005

0 0 123456r89101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.006 0.03

,,, 0.005 0.025 L (* c E 0 0.004 0 0.02 B .?0 z 0 0.003 c 0.015 iY iY g 0.002 0.01 2 0.001 0.005

0 0 1975 I980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 ____2000 YEAR 87 YEAR CARANGIDAE Seriola lalandi YeI I ow ta iI

12

38'

36'

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 .007 .01 .03

24 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112'

0.05 0.045 r 0.045 - 0.04 A w 0.04 - 2 0.035 - E 0.035 - 0.03 . 0 5 0.03 - g m! 0.025 ' 2 0.025 - g 0.02 $ 0.02 - a! g 0.015 0.015 - 0 4 g 0.01 0.01 - 0.005 0.005 0 jOL='='='='=~/' 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112'L.' 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.09 0.1 0.09 0.08 Lu 0.08 2 0.07 E t 0.07 v) 0.06 0 0.06 0, 0.05 m! 2 0.05 0 w F 0.04 0.04 m! a 0.03 0.03 0 9 g 0.02 0.02

0.01 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 88 HEXAGRAMM IDAE Rock greenling Hexagrammos lagocephalus I 128'- 126' 124' 1122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 0 II .01 .02 .04 Average L~NO?per 100 rn' Average bNae pr100 rn5 oo 24' P 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.08 r 0.04 r 0.035 0.07 W 2 0.03 "E 0.06 t v) 0 g 0.025 $ 0.05 rY 0.02 t- 0.04 5 F w 0.015 - 2 0.03 Q 0.01 - 4 0.02 E c 0.005 1 0.01 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.14 0.3

0.12 w 0.25 2 c) t 0.1 E v) 8 0.2 0 r 0.08 z 0 0.15 0.06 w 4 2 0.1 [ 0.04 4 n 0.05 0.02

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 89 Atractoscion nobilis White seabass SCIAENIDAE

728' -126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38' 36'

0 36'

34' 34'

32'

30' 32' 0

0 0 0 28' 3 0 0 0 0 0 26' 30' 0 ,007 .01 .03 -0 Average Larvae par 100 m3 Averag. Larvae pr100 ms & 24' 1- ' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' r 0.016 0.01 2 c) 0.014 c E v) 0.008 .?8 0.012 12 g 0.01 8 0.006 n z 0.008 g 0.004 2 0.006 0 U p! 0.004 0.002 0.002

0 0 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.045 0.09

0.04 0.08 w 2 0.035 rn 0.07 t E v) 0.03 8 0.06 12 7 0.025 wp! 0.05 n 0.02 w 0.04 p! 12 0.015 $ 0.03 0 U g 0.01 A 0.02 0.005 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 90 CLUPEIDAE Round herring Etrumeus teres

* 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

38'

36'

34'

32'

30'

0

0 28' 3

26' 0 0 130' 6 1 Average Larvae per 1W rn' -0 Average Larvae per 1W ma 24' 1 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.035 r 0.0°5 r 0.0045 0.03 1 0.004 " 0.0035 E 0.025 5 0 0.003 z g & 0.02 z W 0 0.0025 n W 0.015 z 0.002 0 3 8 0.0015 :0.01 1 I 0.001 0.005 0.0005

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.012 0.09

0.08 0.01 L 0 0.07 E 5 0.008 0.06 2 c- wW 0.05 $ 0.006 n z w 0.04 2 0.004 2 0.03 8 5 0.02 0.002 0.01

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR 91 YEAR Microstomus pacificus Dover sole PLEURON ECTIDAE

124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116' 114' 112'

38' 36'

36'

34' 34'

U 32' 0 0 U n " oo I" 0 30' - 0 0 00

0 0 " 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 26' II 30' 0 Ill 1 .01 .02 .04 U , Average Larvae per 1W ma 0 24' 128' 126' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116 114' 112' 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.025 r 0'03 r 0.025 g 0.02 -L E z 8 0.02 2 0.015 r z 5 0.015 W :u 0.01 a g 2 0.01 ia 0.005 0.005

0 0 123 4 5 6 7 8 9101112 I23456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.035 0.05 0.045 0.03 w 0.04 L k 0.025 E 0.035 v) 0 0.03 2 0.02 z U 0 0.025 0.015 !$ 0.02 0 8 0.01 4 0.015 8 0.01 0.005 0.005

0 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

YEAR YEAR 92 S EBASTlDAE I Cowcod Sebasfes levis

34

32'

30'

0 0 0 0 0 28' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26' 0 0 .01 .03 .OS 1 24' Avenge Larvae par 1DO ma 1: f( 124' 122' 120' 118' 116'

0.025

r) E 8 0.02 K 0.015 2 2 0.01 U d 0.005

MONTH MONTH

E 0

YEAR 93 YEAR Pacific bonito SCOMBRIDAE Sarda chiliensis

0.016 r O.OI6 r 0.014 0.014 UI 0.012 2 0.012 t u) 0.01 0 0.01 0. 0.008 0.008 F 0.006 0.0°6 E 0.004 0.004 \I \ I 0.002 0.002 0 0 123456789101112 123456789101112 MONTH MONTH

0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 W "E 0.06 2 0.06 t 0 u) 0.05 0, 0.05 0.04 0.04 c- UI '0.03 0, 2 0.03 0.02 2 0.02 4 n 0.01 0.01 n n " 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 YEAR YEAR 94 Alphabetical Index

Anisotremus davidsoni ...... 52 Nannobrachium regale ...... 82 Anoplopomafimbria ...... 60 Nannobrachium ritteri ...... 55 Aristostomias scintillans ...... 54 Neoclinus blanchardi ...... 50 Atherinops affinis ...... 6 1 Neoclinus stephensae ...... 63 Atherinopsis californiensis ...... 16 Ophidion scrippsae ...... 73 Atractoscion nobilis ...... 90 Ophiodon elongatus ...... 32 Bathophilussemingi ...... 80 Oxyjulis californica ...... 22 Bathylagus ochotensis ...... 68 Oxylebius pictus ...... 51 Bolinichthys longipes ...... 75 Paralabrax spp ...... 29 Ceratoscopelus townsendi ...... 26 Paralichthys callfornicus ...... 45 Cheilopogon heterurus ...... 40 Parophrys vetulus ...... 86 Che ilopogon pinnat ibar bat us ...... 4 3 Peprilus simillimus ...... 59 Chromis punctipinnis ...... 15 Pleuronichthys coenosus ...... 36 Citharichthys sordidus ...... 47 Pleuronichthys decurrens ...... 69 Citharichthys stigmaeus ...... 37 Pleuronichthys verticalis ...... 48 Cololabis saira ...... 8 Protomyctophum crockeri ...... 81 Cololabis saira eggs ...... 9 Rathbunella alleni ...... 72 Coryphopterus nicholsii ...... 62 Sarda chiliensis ...... 94 Cryptotrema corallinum ...... 84 Sardinops sagax ...... 6 Cyclothone signata ...... 46 Sardinops sagax eggs ...... 7 Diaphus spp ...... 71 Scomberjaponicus ...... 11 Diogenichthys atlanticus ...... 79 Scorpaena guttata ...... 27 Engraulis mordax ...... 4 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus ...... 17 Engraulis mordax eggs ...... 5 Sebastes aurora ...... 56 Etrumeus teres ...... 9 1 Sebastes diploproa ...... 25 Fodiator acutus ...... 66 Sebastes jordani ...... 21 Genyonemus lineatus ...... 3 1 Sebastes levis ...... 93 Gigantactis spp ...... 67 Sebastes paucispinis ...... 64 Girella nigricans ...... 30 Sebastes spp ...... 12 Halichoeres semicinctus ...... 57 Sebastolobus ~pp...... 87 Hemilepidotus spinosus ...... 76 Semicossyphuspulcher ...... 58 Hermosilla azurea ...... 70 Seriola lalandi ...... 88 Hexagrammos decagrammus ...... 14 Seriphus politus ...... 39 Hexagrammos lagocephalus ...... 89 Sphyraena argentea ...... 23 Hypsoblennius gentilis ...... 4 1 Stenobrachius leucopsarus ...... 33 Hypsoblennius gilberti ...... 24 Stomias atriventer ...... 53 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi ...... 10 Symbolophorus californiensis ...... 74 Hypsypops rubicundus ...... 42 Synodus lucioceps ...... 78 Icichthys lockingtoni ...... 49 Tactostoma macropus ...... 85 Icosteus aenigmaticus ...... 83 Tetragonurus cuvieri ...... 35 Lampadena urophaos ...... 44 Total eggs ...... 3 Leuresthes tenuis ...... 19 Total larvae ...... 2 Leuroglossus stilbius ...... 77 Trachurus symmetricus ...... 18 Macroramphosus gracilis ...... 6 5 Triphoturus mexicanus ...... 38 Medialuna californiensis ...... 34 Vinciguerria lucetia ...... 20 Merluccius productus ...... 13 Xenistius californiensis ...... 28 Microstomus pacijicus ...... 92

95

.. Phylogenetic Index

Ophidion scrippsae ...... Clupeiformes 73 Clupeidae Lophiiformes Etrumeus teres ...... 91 Gigantactinidae Sardinops sagax ...... 6 Gigantactis spp ...... 61 Sardinopssagaxeggs ...... I Atheriniformes Engraul idae Atherinidae Engraulis mordax ...... 4 Atherinops affinis ...... 61 Engraulis mordax eggs ...... 5 Atherinopsis callforniensis ...... 16 Osmeri formes Leuresthes tenuis ...... 19 Bathylagidae Beloniformes Bathylagus ochotensis ...... 68 Scomberesocidae Leuroglossus stilbius ...... I1 Cololabis saira ...... 8 Stomiiformes Cololabis saira eggs ...... 9 Gonostomatidae Exocoetidae Cyclothone signata ...... 46 Cheilopogon heterurus ...... 40 Phosichthyidae Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus ...... 43 Vinciguerria lucetia ...... 20 Fodiator acutus ...... 66 Stomiidae Syngnathiformes Stomiinae Centriscidae Stomias atriventer ...... 53 Macroramphosus gracilis ...... 65 Melanostomiinae Scorpaeniformes Bathophilus Jlemingi ...... 80 Sebastidae Tactostoma macropus ...... 85 Sebastes spp...... 12 Malacosteinae Sebastes aurora ...... 56 Aristostomias scintillans ...... 54 Sebastes diploproa ...... 25 Aulopiformes Sebastes jordani ...... 21 Synodontidae Sebastes levis ...... 93 Synodus lucioceps ...... 78 Sebastes paucispinis ...... 64 Myctophiformes Sebastolobus spp ...... 53 Myctophidae Scorpaenidae Lampanyctinae Scorpaena guttata ...... 21 Bolinichthys longipes ...... 15 Anoplopomatidae Ceratoscopelus townsendi ...... 26 Anoplopomafimbria ...... 60 Diaphus spp ...... 71 Zaniolepididae Lampadena urophaos ...... 44 Oxylebius pictus ...... 51 Nannobrachium regale ...... 82 Hexagrammidae Nannobrachium ritteri ...... 55 Hexagrainmos decagrammus ...... 14 Stenobrachius leucopsarus ...... 33 Hexagrammos lagocephalus ...... 89 Triphoturus mexicanus ...... 38 Ophiodon elongatus ...... 32 Myctophinae Cottidae Diogenichthys atlanticus ...... 79 Hem ilepidotus spinosus ...... 16 Protomyctophum crockeri ...... 8 1 Scorpaenichthys marmoratus ...... 17 Symbo Iophorus californiensis ...... 14 Perciformes Gadiformes Percoidei Merlucciidae Serran idae Merluccius productus ...... 13 Paralabrax spp ...... 29 Ophidiiformes Carangidae Ophidiidae Seriola lalandi ...... 88

96 Trachurus symmetricus ...... 18 Icosteoidei Haemulidae Icosteidae Anisotremus davidsoni ...... 52 Icosteus aenigmaticus ...... 83 Xenistius callforniensis ...... 28 Gobioidei Sciaenidae ...... 15 Gobiidae Atractoscion nobilis ...... 90 Coryphopterus nicholsii ...... 62 Genyonemus lineatus ...... 3 1 Sphyraenoidei Seriphus politus ...... 39 Sphyraenidae Kyphosidae Sphyraena argentea ...... 23 GirelIa nigricans ...... 30 Scombroidei Hermosilla azurea ...... 70 Scombridae Medialuna callforniensis ...... 34 Sarda chiliensis ...... 94 Labroidei Scomber japonicus ...... 11 Pomacentridae Stromateoidei Chromis punctipinnis ...... 15 Centrolophidae Hypsypops rubicundus ...... 42 Icichthys lockingtoni ...... 49 Labridae Tetragonuridae Halichoeres semicinctus ...... 57 Tetragonurus cuvieri ...... 35 Oxyjulis californica ...... 22 Stromateidae Semicossyphus pulcher ...... 5 8 Peprilus simillimus ...... 59 Zoarcoidei Pleuronectiformes Bathymasteridae Paralichthyidae Rathbunella alleni ...... 72 Citharichthys sordidus ...... 41 Blennioidei Citharichthys stigmaeus ...... 37 Labrisomidae Paralichthys calrfornicus ...... 45 Cryptotrema corallinum ...... 84 Pleuronectidae Chaenopsidae Microstomus pacijicus ...... 92 Neoclinus blanchardi ...... 50 Parophrys vetulus ...... 86 Neoclinus stephensae ...... 63 Pleuronichthys coenosus ...... 36 Blenniidae Pleuronichthys decurrens ...... 69 Hypsoblennius gentilis ...... 4 1 Pleuronichthys verticalis ...... 48 Hypsoblennius gilberti ...... 24 Total fish larvae ...... 2 Hypsoblennius jenkinsi ...... 10 Total fish eggs ...... 3

97

. 70 WASHINGTOI 9 9

80 s"

Is' 5./ OREGO)

C

_____-

bo

I

These maps are designed to show essential details of the area most intensively studied by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations. This is approximately the same area as is shown in color on the front cover. Geographical place names are those most commonly used in the various publications emerging from the re- search. The cardinal station lines extending southwestward from the coast are shown. They are 120 miles apart. Additional lines are uti- lized as needed and can be as closely spaced as 12 miles apart and still have individual numbers. The stations along the lines are num- bered with respect to the station 60 line, the numbers increasing to the west and decreasing to the east. Most of them are 40 miles apart, and are numbered in groups of 10. This permits adding stations as close as 4 miles apart as needed. An example of the usual identifica- tion is 120.65. This station is on line 120, 20 nautical miles south- west of station 60. The projection of the front cover is Lambert's Azimuthal Equal Area Projection. The detail maps are a Mercator projection. CONTENTS

Moser H.G.., R.L. Charter, P.E. Smith, D.A. Ambrose, W. Watson, S.R. Charter, and E.M. Sandknop

Distributional atlas of fish larvae and eggs from Manta (surface) samples collected on CalCOFI surveys from 1977 to 2000.

Charts ...... 2-94

Indexes ...... 95-97