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Symbolism in Jude the Obscure International Journal of Literature and Arts 2015; 3(6): 129-135 Published online November 11, 2015 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijla) doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20150306.11 ISSN: 2331-0553 (Print); ISSN: 2331-057X (Online) Symbolism in Jude the Obscure Zhou Haixia 1, Yang Zhaohui 2, * 1Department of International Changes, Hebei Institute of Communications, Shijiazhuang, China 2Department of Scientific and Research, Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China Email address: [email protected] (Yang Zhaohui) To cite this article: Zhou Haixia, Yang Zhaohui. Symbolism in Jude the Obscure. International Journal of Literature and Arts . Vol. 3, No. 6, 2015, pp. 129-135. doi: 10.11648/j.ijla.20150306.11 Abstrcat: Jude the Obscure is the last novel of Thomas Hardy, written at the end of 19 th century. Hardy renders many ways to convey his deep understanding of the society and the human being through the novel. However, the use of symbols in Jude the Obscure and in Hardy's other novels occupy the most prominent position. In modern period, in the decades after World War I, was a notable era of symbolism in literature. Many of the major writers of the period exploited symbols which were in part drawn from religious and esoteric traditions and in part invented. Symbols in Jude do not occur infrequently. Keywords: Jude the Obscure , Thomas Hardy, Symbols literal meaning. According to Northrop Frye's "Theory of 1. Introduction Symbolism" in Anatomy of Criticism, symbol can be defined Among the symbols employed by Hardy in Jude , biblical as "a word, or an image used with some kind of special archetypal character is the most deliberate and intentional. reference are all a phrase, symbols when they are Generally speaking, an archetype is an image that recalls distinguishable elements in critical analysis.”(Frye, 1973:71) basically psychological events common to all people and all Holman defines symbolism as the following: "In its broad cultures. A character or a pattern of images or events so sense symbolism is the use of one object to suggest another, fundamental that it has never been absent from literature, or in literature, the practice of representing objects or ideas religion, myth, and dream. by symbols or giving things a symbolic character and As a literary technique, symbolism in English literature meaning." In brief, words, symbolism is a kind of literary has a great tradition, and it plays an important role in Hardy's technique, which enables the details of a novel to become Jude the Obscure. This thesis mainly focuses on Hardy's use rich in associated meaning and significance. of symbolism, which includes biblical archetypes and the 2.2. The Symbolism in Nature Environment theme of the quest implied by the context. In this way, the author finds something new in the understanding of the novel. The various symbols from nature intensifies the cruelty of As in Hardy's other novels, symbolism in Jude the Obscure natural laws, and they foreshadow the fate of the main characters. tends to be taken from nature and religion. Surely, Hardy was bitterly aware of them. Symbolism from nature can be discussed from the following levels. As far as 2. The Symbolism in the Works symbols of animals are concerned, Hardy connects his characters with various animal images. When it comes to 2.1. The Definition of Symbolism symbols of colors, what Hardy unfolds before us is a bleak world. Part of the poetic force in this novel is carried by Hardy's Symbolism is an artistic movement in the late 19th century symbols of color. In terms of weather, such as fog, mists, wind, that tried to express abstract or mystical ideas through the and rain, are important in reflecting the emotional conflicts of symbolic use of images. In literature, it is a writing style of Jude the Obscure. Likewise, Hardy's skilled use of symbols of using something to stand for something else by reasoning of places is of significance. They all have their symbolic meanings. relationship, association, accident resemblance, or a visible sign of something invisible. 2.2.1. Animals In literature, a symbol is a thing that suggests more than its In the novel, Hardy used some animals’ images represent 130 Zhou Haixia and Yang Zhaohui: Symbolism in Jude the Obscure the main characters and their destiny. Firstly, Hardy shaped old-fashioned place in the novel. It is described in the most Arabella‘s image associated with a pig. Pig has meaning dismal and even sarcastic terms. From his description, we “sacrifice” in the novel. Jude for animals’ pity implied his can get some information about the social and historical own destiny like butcher killed pig. Arabella represented background of this novel. nature of false and evil. The book also twice let Arabella First, we see the little village disturbed by the departure of compared to female tiger. When Sue visited her in the hotel, Phillotson, the schoolmaster and abandoned by the rector Arabella shouted out just like a beast. Arabella kill Jude’s who is "a man who disliked the sight of changes". Jude, aged hope and aspiration, leaving him a limited material eleven, is in tears at his mentor's departure in this foggy satisfaction. She ignored any type of her husband’s morning. His aunt shouts at him to get on with bringing water obligation and responsibility. from the village well and he does so, although the weight too Meanwhile, falling into the trap of rabbit allude the fate of much for him and he has to walk to her cottage across a Jude. Also imply Sue in marriage cage. At the end of his life, “patch of clammy greensward”. The village is mere a hamlet, Jude hope someone would come to end his life, just like he old and decayed. Just look at the following description for it killed the rabbit. Arabella is representative of sensuality. Sue is is worthy to be studied carefully. representative of spiritual freedom. Sue likes a bird—a wounded It was as old-fashioned as it was small, and it rested in the bird in Jude’s heart. She is longing for a nest full of love and laps of an undulating upland adjoining the North Wessex warm. Sue sets pigeon free impress her desire for freedom. downs. Old as it was, however, the well-shaft was probably In Hardy’s works, birds are inherent symbolic object. the only relic of the local history that remained absolutely Jude’s heart grew sympathetic with the birds’ thwarted unchanged. Many of the thatched and dormered desires. They seemed, like himself, to be living in a world dwelling-houses had been pulled down of late years, and which did not want them. So Jude didn’t frighten them away. many trees felled on the green. Above all, the original church, “Poor little dears!” said Jude, aloud. “You shall have hump-backed, wood-turreted, and quaintly hipped, had been some dinner—you shall. There is enough for us all. taken down, and either cracked up into heaps of road metal in Farmer Troutham can afford to let you have some. Eat, the lane, or utilized as pig-sty walls, garden seats, guard then, my dear little birdies, and make a good meal!” stones to fences, and rockeries in the flower-beds of (Thomas Hardy,2000:6) neighbourhood. One of the most important symbols in the novel is 2.2.2. Color Christminster. From his very first glimpse of it, sitting on a In the novel, color’s description plays an important role. ladder atop the Brown House, Jude is enchanted with it. It is Those colors descriptions create a gloomy world. “Obscure” a symbol of all his dreams and aspirations, an ideal that he 、 is a description of Jude’s personality destiny and his social longs for. In his mind he calls it the New Jerusalem: "The position. The word “Obscure” also can be used in the visual city acquired tangibility, a permanence, a hold on his life..." image of the description. “Obscure” has many definitions in (Thomas Hardy, 2000:155). Even at the end of the novel, 、 、 、 English dictionary. Such as, dark gloomy dim fuzzy and when he is broken and beaten by life, Christminster continues sorrow. In the beginning of the story, young Jude wants to to exert its fascination over him, and he chooses to return to know the Christminster’s location. He saw: it to die there. Christminster in the novel is highly symbolic Grey—stoned and dun—roofed, it stood within hail of the since it consists of two religious words: Christ and minster. Wessex border, and almost with the tip of one small toe Christ refers to Jesus Christ while minster means church. To within it, at the northernmost point of the crinkled line Jude, Christminster is "a city of light". The word implies along which the leisurely Thomas strokes the fields of that Jude's religious pursuits: to enter the university and to be a ancient kingdom. The buildings now lay quiet in the sunset, priest. These two pursuits are given up several times because a vane here and there on their many spires and domes, of two women, Arabella and Sue. In the Bible Judas betrays giving sparkle to a picture of sober secondary and tertiary Jesus for desire of money while in the story of Jude, he hues. (Thomas Hardy, 2000:61) betrays Christminster for desire of lust. At last, the same as In the beginning of the story, Jude described the natural scene: Judas, Jude gets punished and commits suicide in despair. The brown surface of the field went right up towards the sky all round, where it was lost by degrees in the mist that 2.2.4.
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