Mineral Exploration

EFFECTIVE USE OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY TOOLS IN MINISTRY OF MINES ISRO presentation Benefit in various activities of the ministry Mineral Exploration Time , cost , Mining activity coverage & Systematic temporal mapping effectiveness Disaster Management Space based inputs available to support ongoing / future programmes Indian EO Missions Present and The Near Future Resourcesat 2 Resourcesat 3 Wide Field LISS 3 TES : Hyperspectral (6 ch., 23.5m; 600 km) Cartosat 3 Hyper VNIR (64 ch., 25m, 25km) PAN (0.3 m, 10 Km) Hyper SWIR (64 ch., 25m, 25km) MX (4 ch., 1.2m, 10km) plus… RISAT-1 GEO-HR Imager Cartosat- 2C/2D HR VNIR (4 ch., 50m, 400km) PAN Stereo (< 1m) HR IR (10 ch., 1km, 340 km) MX (2.4 m) plus… Cartosat-3 RISAT-1 SARAL C-band SAR; 3-50 m Ka-Altimeter & Argos Resourcesat 1&2 SARAL AWiFS (55m;800 km) LISS 3 (23.5m; 140 km) Megha Tropiques LISS 4 (5.8m; 70 km) MADRAS, SAPHIR, ScaRab, GPS Occ. Cartosat- 1&2 INSAT 3D MeghaTropiques PAN Stereo (2.5&1m) (VHRR) Oceansat 2 OCM, Scatterometer, ROSA Oceansat -2 INSAT 3D International missions • Hyperion ( hyperspectral) • ASTER ( Multispectral in SWIR and TIR) • Landsat missions (Multispectral in SWIR and TIR) • RADARSAT mission – C band, multi incidence and poloraimetry • TERRA SAR missions – X band • ALOS missions – L band • GRACE – Gravity mission ( temporal gravity) • GOCE – Gravity mission ( Static gravity) • CORONA ( de classified data) for archives Major Space based Applications at National level Past Future … • Landslide inventory and Hazard • Landslide inventory, Susceptibility Zonation and Early warning (national level) • National Geomorphological and • Air / Space borne hyperspectral Lineament Mapping project studies for few mineralized belts • Mining related legal / environmental aspects Ongoing • National Geomorphological and lineament mapping project (National Mosaic) • Landslide inventory and early warning (selected sites) • Hyperspectral studies (case studies) Systematic mapping- Status • Satellite data is being used for Systematic geological mapping on 1:50,000 scale • National Geomorphological and lineament mapping on 1:50,000 scale was based on satellite data interpretation Systematic mapping – Future • National geomorphological mapping § Periodic updation of dynamic landforms is required especially coastal, fluvial, glacial and aeolian forms at least every 10 years § National Lineament mapping § Detail mapping using high resolution data & stereo data § Systematic geological mapping § updating existing maps with satellite data • Use of mobile applications during field work for better integration with spatial data Temporal changes Detail mapping Mineral exploration – Status • Use of multispectral data for regional mapping • Hyperspectral studies for few mineralized belt like gold, diamond, bauxite, limestone ( pilot scale) • Protocols for collection of spectra collections • Ground / Rock spectral for 700 samples • Capacity building • Processing of available satellite hyper spectral data sets • ISRO effort to develop sensor in the visible region and flying in few areas for calibrations • ISRO and NASA –JPL collaboration on flying AVIRIS sensor in visible and SWIR ( 380 to 2500 )region in year 2015 in few test areas in India 1 2 2 3 3 Index 2 1. Gossan 1 2. Quartzite 3 1 3. Carbonate rock Mineral exploration - Future • Regional mapping of geological / geomorhological and structural guides – Use of new generation of Multispectral data / High resolution data for revisiting some of the existing deposits • Alteration zones / Residual capping /Gossans • Requirement of air / satellite hyperspectral data sets for the country • Spectral library for rocks and mineral for Indian condition needs to be expanded to cover all the variability • Aero- Geophysical data ( Multi sensor) – Better resolution data for all the important explored and unexplored zones – Low flying with better line spacing Mining activity - issues • Monitoring of mining activity:- – Sub meter satellite data can be used provided the mine boundaries are fixed on the ground with good controls (DGPS) . – Mining related subsidence using DinSAR ( possible to understand broad zones in selective mining areas.) – Landuse / Landcover change can be monitored – Legality is difficult to address especially with respect to deviation , pollution and safety – Mine collapse & Slope instability limited potential Disaster - Status • Landslide Susceptible Maps for few areas • Event based landslide inventory • Few pilot studies on early warning (rainfall based) • Few pilot studies on ground instrumentation Landslide Susceptible Maps Landslide early warning Disaster Management- Future • Landslide susceptible mapping – Mapping for the vulnerable zones needs to done in shortest possible time at macro scale to cover large areas • Landslide inventory – seasonal inventory of landslide for the vulnerable zones – Volume estimation especially after major event to understand the material contribution to the environment • Landslide early warning (rainfall based) – To extend to all the vulnerable areas – . Improvement in the ground network of weather station Work flow proposed for NLSM for rapid coverage in shorter time through web mapping service and geo procesing Glacial studies- Status • Intensive ground survey for few glaciers • Remote sensing based change detection studies for few glaciers • Regional glacial mapping Glacial studies – Future • Systematic coverage of all the glacier with periodicity of updation especially using temporal data sets Corona 24-November-1962 1962 Cartosat-1 10-May-2013 Moraine-dammed lake 2010 Marine & coastal survey – possibilities • Altimeter based SSH for understanding the near shore bathymetry • Coastal sediment plume monitoring in near shore using multi spectral data • Coast line & landform changes using temporal satellite data • Oil slick mapping Outreach : BHUVAN Bhuvan 3D http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.i n Bhuvan 2D Pocket Bhuvan .

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