DOCSLIB.ORG

Drugs Thought to Be Safe in Porphyria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Drugs Thought to Be Safe in Porphyria Drugs Thought To Be Safe in Porphyria Acetazolamide acetylcholine Actinomycin D [6] Acyclovir Adenosine monophosphate Adrenaline Alclofenac Allopurinol Alpha tocopheryl Acetate Amethocaine Amiloride Aminocaproic acid Aminoglycosides Amoxicillin Amphotericin Ampicillin Ascorbic acid Aspirin Atenolol Atropine Azathioprine Beclomethasone Benzhexol HCl Beta-carotene Biguanides [Bromazepam] Bromides Buflomedil HCl Bumetanide Bupivacaine Buprenorphine Buserelin Butacaine SO4 Canthaxanthin Carbimazole [Carpipramine HCl] Chloral hydrate [Chlormethiazole] [Chloroquine] [Chlorothiazide] Chlorpheniramine Chlorpromazine Ciprofloxacin Cisapride Cisplatin Clavulanic acid Clofibrate Clomiphene Cloxacillin Co-codamol Codeine phosphate Colchicine [Corticosteroids] Corticotrophin (adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH]) Coumarins Cyclizine Cyclopenthiazide Cyclopropane [Cyproterone acetate] Danthron Desferrioxamine Dexamethasone [Dextromoramide] Dextrose Diamorphine Diazoxide Dicyclomine HCl Diflunisal Digoxin Dihydrocodeine Dimercaprol Dimethicone Dinoprost Diphenoxylate HCl Dipyridamole [Disopyramide] Domperidone Doxorubicin HCl Droperidol [Estazolam] Ethacrynic acid Ethambutol [Ethinyl oestradiol] Ethoheptazine citrate Etoposide Famotidine Fenbufen [Fenofibrate] Fenoprofen Fentanyl Flucytosine Flumazenil Fluoxetine HCl Flurbiprofen Fluvoxamine Maleate Folic acid Fructose Fusidic acid Follicle-stimulating hormone Gentamicin Glafenine Glucagon Glucose Glyceryl trinitrate Goserelin Guanethidine Guanfacine HCl Haem arginate [Haloperidol] Heparin Heptaminol HCl Hexamine [Hydrocortisone] Ibuprofen Indomethacin Insulin Iron Josamycin [Ketamine] Ketoprofen Ketotifen Labetalol Luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone Liquorice Lithium Salts lofepramine Loperamide [Lorazepam] Magnesium-sulphate [Mebendazole Mecamylamine Meclofenoxate HCl Meclozine Mefloquine HCl [Melphalan] Meptazinol Mequitazine Metformin Methadone [Methotrimeprazine] Methylphenidate Methyluracil Metipropranolol Metopimazine Metoprolol [Metronidazole] [Midazolam] Minaprine HCl Minaxolone Morphine Nadolol Naftidrofuryl Oxalate [Naproxen sodium] Natamycin Nefopam HCl Neostigmine Netilmicin Niflumic acid Nitrous oxide Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Oxolinic acid Oxybuprocaine [Oxyphenbutazone] Oxytocin [Pancuronium bromide] Paracetamol Paraldehyde Parapenzolate Br Penicillamine Penicillin Pentolinium Pericyazine Pethidine Phenformin Phenoperidine Phentolamine mesylate Pipotiazine Palmitate Piracetam Pirbuterol Pirenzepine Pizotifen [Prazosin] [Prednisolone] Primaquine Probucol Procainamide HCl Procaine Prochlorperazine Proguanil HCl Promazine Propantheline Br Propofol Propranolol Propylthiouracil [Proxymetacaine] Pseudoephedrine HCl Pyridoxine [Pyrimethamine] Quinidine Quinine [Ranitidine] Reserpine Resorcinol Salbutamol Senna Sodium bromide Sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Sodium fusidate Sorbitol Streptomycin Sulbutiamine Sulindac Sulfadoxine Suxamethonium Talampicillin Temazepam Tetracaine [Tetracyclines] Thiouracils Thyroxine Tiaprofenic acid Ticarcillin Tienilic acid Timolol maleate Tolazoline Tranexamic acid Triacetyloleandomycin Triamterene Triazolam [Trichlormethiazide] Trifluoperazine Trimeprazine Tartrate Trimetazidine HCl Tripelennamine Tubocurarine Vancomycin [Vincristine] Vitamins Warfarin sodium Zidovudine Zinc preparations .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What's the Best First Line Anticonvulsant?
    What’s the best first line anticonvulsant? Stephen Hanson, DVM, MS, Dip. ACVIM (Neurology) Recurring seizure activity is a relatively common problem in canine patients. Nowadays, there are several good options for medical treatment, which makes the choice of which drug to use a little more complicated. All anticonvulsant drugs have advantages and disadvantages, so the selection of a first-line drug should be tailored for the individual patient and client. Phenobarbital: This has been the standard first choice drug for decades. The nice thing about Phenobarbital is that it works fairly well, controlling seizures in about 70% of dogs with epilepsy. Also, it is inexpensive and readily available. The biggest down-sides are its induction of hepatic metabolism and the need for frequent upward dose adjustments, as well as its potential to cause hepatotoxicity. The potential for liver disease increases with time, so a 2 year old dog placed on this medication is more likely to develop hepatotoxicity in his life-time than a 10 year old dog. Phenobarbital can also cause sedation and ataxia. While this is usually mild/transient, it can be a real problem in dogs with other pre- existing signs of intracranial disease. Polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia are other common side effects. These signs vary widely in severity between patients. Pros: cheap, available at any corner pharmacy, works well Cons: higher doses required with time, possible serious liver side-effects Good first-line choice for middle-aged to older dogs without any pre-existing liver issues Poor choice for dogs with liver disease, dogs with other intracranial signs Questionable choice for young epileptic dogs Potassium/sodium bromide: This was the most commonly-used add on anticonvulsant drug for a long time.
    [Show full text]
  • FDA Warns About an Increased Risk of Serious Pancreatitis with Irritable Bowel Drug Viberzi (Eluxadoline) in Patients Without a Gallbladder
    FDA warns about an increased risk of serious pancreatitis with irritable bowel drug Viberzi (eluxadoline) in patients without a gallbladder Safety Announcement [03-15-2017] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that Viberzi (eluxadoline), a medicine used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), should not be used in patients who do not have a gallbladder. An FDA review found these patients have an increased risk of developing serious pancreatitis that could result in hospitalization or death. Pancreatitis may be caused by spasm of a certain digestive system muscle in the small intestine. As a result, we are working with the Viberzi manufacturer, Allergan, to address these safety concerns. Patients should talk to your health care professional about how to control your symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), particularly if you do not have a gallbladder. The gallbladder is an organ that stores bile, one of the body’s digestive juices that helps in the digestion of fat. Stop taking Viberzi right away and get emergency medical care if you develop new or worsening stomach-area or abdomen pain, or pain in the upper right side of your stomach-area or abdomen that may move to your back or shoulder. This pain may occur with nausea and vomiting. These may be symptoms of pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, an organ important in digestion; or spasm of the sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve in the small intestine that controls the flow of digestive juices to the gut. Health care professionals should not prescribe Viberzi in patients who do not have a gallbladder and should consider alternative treatment options in these patients.
    [Show full text]
  • MEDICATION GUIDE RESTORIL™ (Res-Tə-Ril) (Temazepam) Capsules
    MEDICATION GUIDE RESTORIL™ (res-tə-ril) (temazepam) Capsules, C-IV What is the most important information I should know about RESTORIL? RESTORIL is a benzodiazepine medicine. Taking benzodiazepines with opioid medicines, alcohol, or other central nervous system depressants (including street drugs) can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma and death. After taking RESTORIL, you may get up out of bed while not being fully awake and do an activity that you do not know you are doing. The next morning, you may not remember that you did anything during the night. You have a higher chance for doing these activities if you drink alcohol or take other medicines that make you sleepy with RESTORIL. Reported activities include: o driving a car (“sleep-driving”) o making and eating food o talking on the phone o having sex o sleep-walking Call your healthcare provider right away if you find out that you have done any of the above activities after taking RESTORIL. Do not take RESTORIL unless you are able to stay in bed a full night (7 to 8 hours) before you must be active again. Do not take more RESTORIL than prescribed. What is RESTORIL? RESTORIL is a prescription sleep medicine. RESTORIL is used in adults for the short-term (usually 7 to 10 days) treatment of a sleep problem called insomnia. Symptoms of insomnia include trouble falling asleep and waking up often during the night. RESTORIL is a federal controlled substance (C-IV) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep RESTORIL in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzodiazepines: Uses and Risks Charlie Reznikoff, MD Hennepin Healthcare
    Benzodiazepines: Uses and Risks Charlie Reznikoff, MD Hennepin healthcare 4/22/2020 Overview benzodiazepines • Examples of benzos and benzo like drugs • Indications for benzos • Pharmacology of benzos • Side effects and contraindications • Benzo withdrawal • Benzo tapers 12/06/2018 Sedative/Hypnotics • Benzodiazepines • Alcohol • Z-drugs (Benzo-like sleeping aids) • Barbiturates • GHB • Propofol • Some inhalants • Gabapentin? Pregabalin? 12/06/2018 Examples of benzodiazepines • Midazolam (Versed) • Triazolam (Halcion) • Alprazolam (Xanax) • Lorazepam (Ativan) • Temazepam (Restoril) • Oxazepam (Serax) • Clonazepam (Klonopin) • Diazepam (Valium) • Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 4/22/2020 Sedatives: gaba stimulating drugs have incomplete “cross tolerance” 12/06/2018 Effects from sedative (Benzo) use • Euphoria/bliss • Suppresses seizures • Amnesia • Muscle relaxation • Clumsiness, visio-spatial impairment • Sleep inducing • Respiratory suppression • Anxiolysis/disinhibition 12/06/2018 Tolerance to benzo effects? • Effects quickly diminish with repeated use (weeks) • Euphoria/bliss • Suppresses seizures • Effects incompletely diminish with repeated use • Amnesia • Muscle relaxation • Clumsiness, visio-spatial impairment • Seep inducing • Durable effects with repeated use • Respiratory suppression • Anxiolysis/disinhibition 12/06/2018 If you understand this pharmacology you can figure out the rest... • Potency • 1 mg diazepam <<< 1 mg alprazolam • Duration of action • Half life differences • Onset of action • Euphoria, clinical utility in acute
    [Show full text]
  • 2D6 Substrates 2D6 Inhibitors 2D6 Inducers
    Physician Guidelines: Drugs Metabolized by Cytochrome P450’s 1 2D6 Substrates Acetaminophen Captopril Dextroamphetamine Fluphenazine Methoxyphenamine Paroxetine Tacrine Ajmaline Carteolol Dextromethorphan Fluvoxamine Metoclopramide Perhexiline Tamoxifen Alprenolol Carvedilol Diazinon Galantamine Metoprolol Perphenazine Tamsulosin Amiflamine Cevimeline Dihydrocodeine Guanoxan Mexiletine Phenacetin Thioridazine Amitriptyline Chloropromazine Diltiazem Haloperidol Mianserin Phenformin Timolol Amphetamine Chlorpheniramine Diprafenone Hydrocodone Minaprine Procainamide Tolterodine Amprenavir Chlorpyrifos Dolasetron Ibogaine Mirtazapine Promethazine Tradodone Aprindine Cinnarizine Donepezil Iloperidone Nefazodone Propafenone Tramadol Aripiprazole Citalopram Doxepin Imipramine Nifedipine Propranolol Trimipramine Atomoxetine Clomipramine Encainide Indoramin Nisoldipine Quanoxan Tropisetron Benztropine Clozapine Ethylmorphine Lidocaine Norcodeine Quetiapine Venlafaxine Bisoprolol Codeine Ezlopitant Loratidine Nortriptyline Ranitidine Verapamil Brofaramine Debrisoquine Flecainide Maprotline olanzapine Remoxipride Zotepine Bufuralol Delavirdine Flunarizine Mequitazine Ondansetron Risperidone Zuclopenthixol Bunitrolol Desipramine Fluoxetine Methadone Oxycodone Sertraline Butylamphetamine Dexfenfluramine Fluperlapine Methamphetamine Parathion Sparteine 2D6 Inhibitors Ajmaline Chlorpromazine Diphenhydramine Indinavir Mibefradil Pimozide Terfenadine Amiodarone Cimetidine Doxorubicin Lasoprazole Moclobemide Quinidine Thioridazine Amitriptyline Cisapride
    [Show full text]
  • Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play
    The information and views set out in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Executive Agency for Health and Consumers Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play 24 January 2012 Final Report Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Acknowledgements Matrix Insight Ltd would like to thank everyone who has contributed to this research. We are especially grateful to the following institutions for their support throughout the study: the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU) including their national member associations in Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Poland and the United Kingdom; the European Medical Association (EMANET); the Observatoire Social Européen (OSE); and The Netherlands Institute for Health Service Research (NIVEL). For questions about the report, please contact Dr Gabriele Birnberg ([email protected] ). Matrix Insight | 24 January 2012 2 Health Reports for Mutual Recognition of Medical Prescriptions: State of Play Executive Summary This study has been carried out in the context of Directive 2011/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2011 on the application of patients’ rights in cross- border healthcare (CBHC). The CBHC Directive stipulates that the European Commission shall adopt measures to facilitate the recognition of prescriptions issued in another Member State (Article 11). At the time of submission of this report, the European Commission was preparing an impact assessment with regards to these measures, designed to help implement Article 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Screening of Diuretics in Human Urine Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    id5246609 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com AAnnaallyyttiiccaaISllS N : 0974-7419 Volume 13 Issue 7 CCHHEEAnMM IndIIiSaSnT TJoRuRrnYaYl Full Paper ACAIJ, 13(7) 2013 [270-283] Comprehensive screening of diuretics in human urine using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Shobha Ahi1, Alka Beotra1*, G.B.K.S.Prasad2 1National Dope Testing Laboratory, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi,-110003, (INDIA) 2SOS in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, (INDIA) E-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Diuretics are drugs that increase the rate of urine flow and sodium excretion Doping, diuretics; to adjust the volume and composition of body fluids. There are several LC-MS/MS; WADA; major categories of this drug class and the compounds vary greatly in Drugs of abuse. structure, physicochemical properties, effects on urinary composition and renal haemodynamics, and site mechanism of action. Diuretics are often abused by athletes to excrete water for rapid weight loss and to mask the presence of other banned substances. Because of their abuse by athletes, ’s (WADA) diuretics have been included in the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances. The diuretics are routinely screened by anti- doping laboratories as the use of diuretics is banned both in-competition and out-of-competition. This work provides an improved, fast and selective –tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method liquid chromatography for the screening of 22 diuretics and probenecid in human urine. The samples preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction. The limit of detection (LOD) for all substances was between 10-20 ng/ml or better.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
    WHO Model List of Essential Medicines 15th list, March 2007 Status of this document This is a reprint of the text on the WHO Medicines web site http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html 15th edition Essential Medicines WHO Model List (revised March 2007) Explanatory Notes The core list presents a list of minimum medicine needs for a basic health care system, listing the most efficacious, safe and cost‐effective medicines for priority conditions. Priority conditions are selected on the basis of current and estimated future public health relevance, and potential for safe and cost‐effective treatment. The complementary list presents essential medicines for priority diseases, for which specialized diagnostic or monitoring facilities, and/or specialist medical care, and/or specialist training are needed. In case of doubt medicines may also be listed as complementary on the basis of consistent higher costs or less attractive cost‐effectiveness in a variety of settings. The square box symbol () is primarily intended to indicate similar clinical performance within a pharmacological class. The listed medicine should be the example of the class for which there is the best evidence for effectiveness and safety. In some cases, this may be the first medicine that is licensed for marketing; in other instances, subsequently licensed compounds may be safer or more effective. Where there is no difference in terms of efficacy and safety data, the listed medicine should be the one that is generally available at the lowest price, based on international drug price information sources. Therapeutic equivalence is only indicated on the basis of reviews of efficacy and safety and when consistent with WHO clinical guidelines.
    [Show full text]
  • High-Throughput Screening Studies of Inhibition of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II and Bacterial Flagella Antimicrobial Activity
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Dissertations Graduate College 5-2010 High-Throughput Screening Studies of Inhibition of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II and Bacterial Flagella Antimicrobial Activity Albert A. Barrese III Western Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations Part of the Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons, and the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Barrese, Albert A. III, "High-Throughput Screening Studies of Inhibition of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II and Bacterial Flagella Antimicrobial Activity" (2010). Dissertations. 500. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/dissertations/500 This Dissertation-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING STUDIES OF INHIBITION OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II AND BACTERIAL FLAGELLA ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY by Albert A. Barrese III A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Biological Sciences Advisor: Brian C. Tripp, Ph.D. Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan May 2010 UMI Number: 3410393 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Dissertation Publishing UMI 3410393 Copyright 2010 by ProQuest LLC.
    [Show full text]
  • Adverse Health Effects of Heavy Metals in Children
    TRAINING FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS [Date …Place …Event …Sponsor …Organizer] ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS IN CHILDREN Children's Health and the Environment WHO Training Package for the Health Sector World Health Organization www.who.int/ceh October 2011 1 <<NOTE TO USER: Please add details of the date, time, place and sponsorship of the meeting for which you are using this presentation in the space indicated.>> <<NOTE TO USER: This is a large set of slides from which the presenter should select the most relevant ones to use in a specific presentation. These slides cover many facets of the problem. Present only those slides that apply most directly to the local situation in the region. Please replace the examples, data, pictures and case studies with ones that are relevant to your situation.>> <<NOTE TO USER: This slide set discusses routes of exposure, adverse health effects and case studies from environmental exposure to heavy metals, other than lead and mercury, please go to the modules on lead and mercury for more information on those. Please refer to other modules (e.g. water, neurodevelopment, biomonitoring, environmental and developmental origins of disease) for complementary information>> Children and heavy metals LEARNING OBJECTIVES To define the spectrum of heavy metals (others than lead and mercury) with adverse effects on human health To describe the epidemiology of adverse effects of heavy metals (Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper and Thallium) in children To describe sources and routes of exposure of children to those heavy metals To understand the mechanism and illustrate the clinical effects of heavy metals’ toxicity To discuss the strategy of prevention of heavy metals’ adverse effects 2 The scope of this module is to provide an overview of the public health impact, adverse health effects, epidemiology, mechanism of action and prevention of heavy metals (other than lead and mercury) toxicity in children.
    [Show full text]
  • A 0.70% E 0.80% Is 0.90%
    US 20080317666A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0317666 A1 Fattal et al. (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2008 (54) COLONIC DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. (76) Inventors: Elias Fattal, Paris (FR); Antoine A6IR 9/00 (2006.01) Andremont, Malakoff (FR); A61R 49/00 (2006.01) Patrick Couvreur, A6II 5L/12 (2006.01) Villebon-sur-Yvette (FR); Sandrine A6IPI/00 (2006.01) Bourgeois, Lyon (FR) (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 424/1.11; 424/423; 424/9.1 (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Drug delivery devices that are orally administered, and that David S. Bradlin release active ingredients in the colon, are disclosed. In one Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice embodiment, the active ingredients are those that inactivate P.O.BOX 7037 antibiotics, such as macrollides, quinolones and beta-lactam Atlanta, GA 30359-0037 (US) containing antibiotics. One example of a Suitable active agent is an enzyme Such as beta-lactamases. In another embodi ment, the active agents are those that specifically treat colonic (21) Appl. No.: 11/628,832 disorders, such as Chrohn's Disease, irritable bowel syn drome, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer or constipation. (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 9, 2006 The drug delivery devices are in the form of beads of pectin, crosslinked with calcium and reticulated with polyethylene imine. The high crosslink density of the polyethyleneimine is (86). PCT No.: PCT/GBO6/OO448 believed to stabilize the pectin beads for a sufficient amount of time such that a Substantial amount of the active ingredi S371 (c)(1), ents can be administered directly to the colon.
    [Show full text]
  • DIURETICS Diuretics Are Drugs That Promote the Output of Urine Excreted by the Kidneys
    DIURETICS Diuretics are drugs that promote the output of urine excreted by the Kidneys. The primary action of most diuretics is the direct inhibition of Na+ transport at one or more of the four major anatomical sites along the nephron, where Na+ reabsorption takes place. The increased excretion of water and electrolytes by the kidneys is dependent on three different processes viz., glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption (active and passive) and tubular secretion. Diuretics are very effective in the treatment of Cardiac oedema, specifically the one related with congestive heart failure. They are employed extensively in various types of disorders, for example, nephritic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, nutritional oedema, cirrhosis of the liver, hypertension, oedema of pregnancy and also to lower intraocular and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Therapeutic Uses of Diuretics i) Congestive Heart Failure: The choice of the diuretic would depend on the severity of the disorder. In an emergency like acute pulmonary oedema, intravenous Furosemide or Sodium ethacrynate may be given. In less severe cases. Hydrochlorothiazide or Chlorthalidone may be used. Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone or Triamterene may be added to thiazide therapy. ii) Essential hypertension: The thiazides usually sever as primary antihypertensive agents. They may be used as sole agents in patients with mild hypertension or combined with other antihypertensives in more severe cases. iii) Hepatic cirrhosis: Potassium-sparing diuretics like Spironolactone may be employed. If Spironolactone alone fails, then a thiazide diuretic can be added cautiously. Furosemide or Ethacrymnic acid may have to be used if the oedema is regractory, together with spironolactone to lessen potassium loss. Serum potassium levels should be monitored periodically.
    [Show full text]