The George B.and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1

1770 Fort Stockton Drive

By Allen Hazard and Janet O’Dea 1824 Sunset Blvd. , CA 92103 619-574-6247 “At-a-Glance” Report Summary Property Information & Applicable Criteria

Resource Addresses: 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr. San Diego CA 92103 APN: _443-462-02-00 Resource Name (per HRB naming policy): George B and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 Resource Type: Single Family Residence Will you be Submitting a Mills Act Application

Following Designation? Y ý N q Date of Construction: 1913 Architect/Builder: Samuel Calvin Prior Resource Address (if relocated): N/A Date of Relocation: Applicant’s Name: Allen Hazard & Janet O’Dea Owner’s Name: Deborah Krongard Address: 1824 Sunset Blvd. Address:. 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr. San Diego, CA 92103 San Diego, CA 92103 Phone #: (619)574-6247 Phone #: 619-309-8399 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] [email protected]

The resource is being nominated for designation as a historical resource under: o HRB Criterion A as a special element of the City’s, a community’s or a neighborhood’s o historical development o archaeological development o cultural development o social development o economic development o political development o aesthetic development o engineering development o landscaping development o architectural development for the following reason(s):

o HRB Criterion B for its association with who/which is significant in local, state or national history for the following reason(s):

ý HRB Criterion C as a good/excellent example of 1913 design House. oHRB Criterion D as a notable work of ______a Master . o Previously established as a Master o Proposed as a Master o HRB Criterion E as a property which has been determined eligible by the National Park Service for listing on the National Register of Historic Places or is listed or has been determined eligible by the State Historical Preservation Office for listing on the State Register of Historical Resources. o HRB Criterion F as a contributing resource to the Historical District. Are interior elements/features included in the nomination and proposed for designation? Y q N ý If Yes, list elements and location: “At-a-Glance” Report Summary Required Forms and Documentation

Check Yes or No, indicating whether or not the following required documentation has been provided:

Report Copies ýY ¨N Provide one copy of the Historical Resource Research Report, stapled at the corner

Department of Parks and Recreation Forms ýY ¨N Primary Record (523a) ¨Y ýN BSO Record (523b) ¨Y ýN Archaeological Record (523c) (if applicable) ¨Y ýN District Record (523d) (if applicable) ¨Y ýN Locational Map (523j) (if applicable) ¨Y ýN Sketch Map (523k) (if applicable) ýY ¨N Continuation Sheet (523l)

Attachment A Attachment B ýY ¨N Assessor’s Record ýY ¨N Chain of Title ýY ¨N Notice of Completion ýY ¨N Directory Search ýY ¨N Water Sewer Records ¨Y ýN Deed from Date of Construction* ýY ¨N Building Permits *Original deed is damaged and illegible ýY ¨N Site Plan with Footprint ýY ¨N County Lot and Block Book ýY ¨N Previous Survey Forms

Attachment C Attachment D ýY ¨N City SD 800 Scale Eng Maps ýY ¨N Historical and Transitional Photos ýY ¨N USGS Maps ýY ¨N Current Photos of North Elevation ýY ¨N Original Subdivision Map ýY ¨N Current Photos of East Elevation ¨Y ýN 1886/1887 Sanborn ýY ¨N Current Photos of South Elevation ¨Y ýN 1906 Sanborn ýY ¨N Current Photos of West Elevation ¨Y ýN 1921 Sanborn ¨Y ýN Photos with a key floor plan ýY ¨N 1940 Sanborn (for interiors under consideration) ¨Y ýN 1950 Sanborn ýY ¨N 1956 Sanborn Attachment E ¨Y ýN Criterion A Documentation ¨Y ýN Criterion B Documentation ýY ¨N Criterion C Documentation ¨Y ýN Criterion D Documentation ¨Y ýN Criterion E Documentation ¨Y ýN Criterion F Documentation

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 14 *Resource Name: George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1. 443-462-02-00

P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: o Not for Publication o Unrestricted *a. County: San Diego and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) *b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Date: T ; R ; ¼ of ¼ of Sec ; M.D. B.M. c. Address: 1770 Fort Stockton Drive City: San Diego Zip: 92103 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: This property is located in the U.S.G.S. quadrangle San Diego as a portion of Lot 1, Block 14 in the 1908 Mission Hills Subdivision, Map 1115, January 20, 1908. It also lies within a proposed expansion of the existing Mission Hills Historic District. *P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries): The 1913 George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 is an excellent example of a 1913 Prairie School design by builder Samuel Calvin. The house is 1,910 square feet. It has two-stories and is a, four-bedroom, two bathroom home with a detached garage on a 3,900 square foot lot. It is a two-story wood frame construction on a raised concrete foundation with a crawl space for plumbing. It has a smooth stucco exterior finish and symmetrical massing. It has a distinctive segmented arch over the entryway and Craftsman painted, paneled door with six beveled windows. Other Prairie School character-defining features include wide overhanging eaves, and a flat roof all of its features contribute to the overall historic feel of the house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive. (See Continuation Sheet). *P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) *P4. Resources Present: ýBuilding oStructure oObject oSite oDistrict oElement of District oOther (Isolates, etc.)

P5a. Photo or Drawing P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) Allen Hazard and Janet O’Dea. February 14, 2018

*P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: üHistoric oPrehistoric oBoth

P7. Owner and Address: Deborah S. Krongard 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr. San Diego, CA 92103 *P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Allen Hazard & Janet O’Dea 1824 Sunset Blvd. San Diego CA 92103 *P9. Date Recorded: February 14, 2018 *P10. Survey Type: Intensive. *P11. Report Citation: (Cite survey report and other sources or enter "none.") None. *Attachments: oNONE oLocation Map oSketch Map ýContinuation Sheet oBuilding, Structure, and Object Record oArchaeological Record oDistrict Record oLinear Feature Record oMilling Station Record oRock Art Record oArtifact Record oPhotograph Record o Other (List):

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# PRIMARY RECORD Page 2 of 14 *Resource Name: George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1. 443-462-02-00

B1. Historic Name: George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec.House#1 B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Single Family Residence B4. Present Use: Single Family Residence *B5. Architectural Style: Prairie School *B6. Construction History: (Construction date, alterations, and date of alteration) On June 10, 1911, Dr. George B. and Ethel M. Worthington purchased Lot 1, Block 14 of the Mission Hills subdivision from W. S. Kelly. The microfilmed deed at the County Assessors Office is illegible however an article from the San Diego Union dated June 18, 1911 refers to the transaction. The Worthingtons split the large irregular lot selling off the northern portion on October 24, 1912. Worthington took out a building permit for 180 Fort Stockton (the addresses changed to 1770 Ft. Stockton Drive in 1914) for a portion of Lot 1, Block 14 on November 12, 1912 in the San Diego Daily Transcript. An additional building permit notice was also filed the next day or November 13, 1912 in the Southwest Contractors and Manufacturers for a 2 story, 10 room residence. No Notice of Completion, Water or Sewer records were found. The dating of house is 1913 based upon a mid-November 1912 building notice and partial assessment on January 1, 2013 according to the Lot and Block book. The 1940 and 1956 Sanborn Fire Map shows the outline of the house and detached garage. In 1966, roof and Plumbing permits were pulled. The foundation was replaced in 1979. In 1980, electric service was increased. In 1993 the water heater was replaced. At some point during these upgrades, it appears that owners created a balcony on the second story. In 2004 utilities were upgraded and in 2008 electrical and an in-kind installation of a sliding door was added upstairs to access the balcony. *B7. Moved? ýNo oYes oUnknown Date: Original Location: *B8. Related Features: B9a. Architect: b. Builder: Samuel Calvin *B10. Significance: Theme: Residential Area: Mission Hills Period of Significance: 1913 Property Type: Single-family residence Map Applicable Criteria: C The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive merits historical designation under Criteria C, for retaining its integrity as a Prairie School style house. The 1913, George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 is an excellent example of the Prairie School style and retains its architectural integrity in location, design, setting, materials, workmanship and feeling. (See Continuation sheet) B13. Remarks: Google Maps é N *B14. Evaluator: Allen Hazard and Janet O’Dea *Date of Evaluation: February 14, 2018

(This space reserved for official comments.) *Required information

DPR 523A-Test (8/94)

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 3 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

P3 a. Description (continued): The 1913 George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec House #1 is an excellent example of a well-designed Prairie School house and should be designated as such. There is a direct walkway from the sidewalk up 16 steps to the front entryway. The upper concrete steps are original with curved sides, which create a motif complementary to the curved arch over the entry. The house is sited high above the street with a tall original monolithic stucco retaining wall at the edge of the sidewalk.

The Craftsman-style hardware on the front door is period in style but not original. Over the front door is a prominent, character-defining feature. The central stepped large segmented arch with two massive supporting sculpted brackets. The underside of the deep segmented arch are original tongue-and-groove boards. There is a reproduction Craftsman style light fixture hanging down from the segmented arch over the front entryway. Over the central entry are two original, six over one, double-hung wood windows. The front façade features a Prairie School, band of windows, grouped by -style windows on both the first and second stories. The second story has a prominent bay flanking each side of the central, front entry, with two supporting massive sculpted wood brackets and each bay has a set of Chicago-style windows. The Chicago-style windows are six over one and nine over one double-hung wood windows. Similar bands of windows are also featured on the first story.

The house has a smooth stucco exterior, which appears to be sympathetic to the original. A small patch of original stucco was discovered on the garage which, is a similar finish. The date of the current stucco is unknown as there was no stucco permits found, however, it is believed to be an older stucco job (more than 20 years old).

The roof is flat made of composition materials and also features broad overhanging eaves which wraps around the 1913 house and adds to its horizontal lines, that define the Prairie School genre. There are two bands of wood strips that run with the roof line, which further create the horizontal influence. A chevron effect is created on the eaves as they intersect and are easily viewed from the sidewalk. The gutter system forms a frame around the roof.

The southern façade features a sloped concrete driveway leading to the original single car garage. The concrete driveway is non-original but is historically scored. The stucco garage retains its original paneled wooden doors. At some point a balcony was added on the southern elevation. The first level on the southern façade features a pair of original wood six over one double-hung windows on the front bay. There are a pair of exterior sliding glass doors on the second story, which were replaced in-kind according to a 2008 permit that was reviewed by Historic Resources Board staff during the permitting process. The doors are hidden from the street view by a covered railing. The rear of the southern elevation features wood framed fixed windows, one to the left of the side-entry door and a matching pair on the right of the side door. The second story has two matched original wood six over one, double-hung windows.

The eastern elevation features a small backyard. On the lower level are a band of three wood framed casement windows and a single narrow original wood, six over one double-hung window. There is an original one story screened in porch with an access door. The space is used as storage and the water heater area. There is a single original wood clad six over one double-hung window to the right of the utility room. The second-story features three original single wood, six over one, double-hung windows.

The northern façade features two pairs of original wood, six over one, double-hung windows on the second story. There is a single original wood, six over one, double-hung window on the rear of the first-story. There is an original French door leading outside with four brick steps to the side yard. There is a pair of original wood, six over one, double-hung windows on the first-story toward the front of the northern façade.

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 4 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT FOR CRITERIA C – The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec House #1, built in 1912-1913, embodies the Prairie School architectural style in its design, period, timing, place and method of construction. The George B. and Ethel Worthington Spec House #1 is significant as a Prairie School design with its simple, bold, clean geometric design aesthetic during the height of the San Diego Prairie School period of 1905-1920. The George B. and Ethel Worthington Spec House #1 while bearing many similar features to other Mission Hills Prairie School designs, stands as a rare example for its straight lines, prominent entryway arch and geometric bays as a rare example in Mission Hills. -influenced the use of simple geometric designs in San Diego, however, this work more closely resembles the design aesthetic of Prairie School designs in Oak Park by George W. Maher, Thomas E. Tallmadge and Vernon S. Watson.

THE PRAIRIE SCHOOL 1901-1915) developed as an antidote to the excesses and eclecticism of Victorian styles. The Prairie School reaches back to the ideals and design philosophies of the that originated in England with , Charles Robert Ashbee, William Morris and others in the late nineteenth century. The Prairie School was heavily influenced by the Transcendentalist philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson and the Idealistic Romantics, who believed that better homes would create better people. The Prairie School was primarily a residential architectural movement that began in Chicago and rapidly spread across the Midwest and later the rest of America, north-central Europe and Australia. Its origins date to the 1890s with works by Louis Sullivan and later , William Drummond, , Barry Byrne, William Gray Purcell, Marion Mahony, , Francis Sullivan, George Washington Maher1, John S. Van Bergen and other young architects. The dominant horizontality of the Prairie School echoes the wide, flat, tree-less expanses of the . Wright promoted the idea of an “organic architecture”, the primary principle of which a structure should look like it belongs to the site, that it grew from that site.

British ideals of the Arts and Crafts Movement (1890-1920) were disseminated in America through journal and newspaper writing, as well as through societies that sponsored lectures and programs. The U.S. movement was multicentered, with societies forming nationwide. In June 1897, , historically linked to English culture, was the first city to found a Society of Arts and Crafts. In October 1897, Chicago's Arts and Crafts Society began at Hull House, one of the first American settlement houses for social reform.

Numerous societies followed in cities such as Minneapolis and , as well as rural towns, including Deerfield, . Unlike in England, the undercurrent of socialism of the Arts and Crafts movement in the United States did not spread much beyond the formation of a few Utopian communities. Rose Valley was one of these artistic and social experiments. (1861–1916), a architect, founded Rose Valley in 1901 near Moylan, Pennsylvania. The Rose Valley shops, like other Arts and Crafts communities, were committed to producing artistic handicraft, which included furnishings, pottery, metalwork, and bookbinding. The Byrdcliffe Arts and Crafts Colony was another Utopian Arts and Crafts community. Outside of Woodstock, New York, Englishman Ralph Radcliffe Whitehead (1854–1929) and his wife Jane Byrd McCall Whitehead (1861–1955) founded Byrdcliffe, which was completed and operating by 1903. Locally, in 1908, the San Ysidro Little Landers’ Land Colony was an attempt at a small-scale cooperative agricultural community. It lasted until 1925. (See Continuation Sheet)

1 George Washington Maher (1864- 1926) was born in Mill Creek, West Virginia and as a young boy moved to Chicago. He was apprenticed at the Chicago architectural firm of Augustus Bauer and Henry Hill at the age of 13. In 1887, he joined the office of architect Joseph L. Silsbee as a draftsman and worked alongside Frank Lloyd Wright and George Elmslie. In 1888, he formed a partnership with Charles Corwin which lasted only a brief time and then began his own practice. He was married in 1893 to Elizabeth Brooks and moved to Kenilworth Illinois.

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 5 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

In urban centers, socialist experiments were undertaken on a community level, frequently in the form of educating young women. Ideas of craftwork and simplicity themselves in decorative work, including the metalwork and pottery of the Arts and Crafts movement. Schools and training programs taught quality design, a cornerstone of the Arts and Crafts movement. The most successful enterprises to employ such principles were ceramic, furniture and metalworking companies founded by artist-entrepreneurs who could sustain both the financial and the aesthetic aspects of craft work. In 1894–95 Newcomb Pottery was formed in New Orleans under the auspices of the H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, an educational institution for women. In 1899, the Saturday Evening Girls Club was established as a reading group for immigrant girls. It was founded by the Paul Revere Pottery, which began producing pottery in 1908 and offered young women the ability to earn good wages within the community.

The interpretation of the vernacular in America varied widely in different areas of our country. Design reformers on the west coast looked to Spanish missions as well as bungalows with porches and other outdoor living spaces. In the Midwest, the Prairie served as inspiration. The east coast was most conscious of English precedent and the colonial past. Although the concept of regionalism in America was often subjective, California truly possessed a distinct local architecture. Sleeping porches, pergolas and patios were used more often and to a greater effect in California than elsewhere as the benign climate and lush vegetation were most conducive to the Arts and Crafts ideal of living close to nature. The Craftsman style was the dominant style for both smaller bungalows and larger Craftsman homes built throughout the country during the period from about 1900 until the early 1920s.

The Craftsman style had its origins in the Shingle Style of the east coast and northern California. In California, the Arts and Crafts house was interpreted by many architects, including Charles Sumner Greene 1868-1957) and Henry Mather Greene (1870-1954) in Pasadena, Bernard Maybeck (1862-1957) in Berkeley, and Irving Gill (1870-1936) and in San Diego. Craftsman houses were also inspired primarily by the work of – who practiced together in Pasadena, California from 1893 to 1914. Several influences – the English Arts and Crafts movement, an interest in oriental wooden architecture, and their early training in the manual arts – led the Greenes to design and build intricately detailed buildings.

In 1903 the Greene and Greene began by designing simple Craftsman-type bungalows. By 1909, they had designed and executed several exceptional landmark examples such as the Gamble House that has been called the “ultimate bungalow”. Greene and Greene represented Arts and Crafts at its most refined and elite, California also provided the movement with its most potent symbol of the democratization of art – the bungalow. While built throughout the country, the bungalow is always associated with California. Its open interior, one-story plan, wrap-around porch and low-pitched, overhanging roof offered the ventilation and protection from the sun suitable to the state’s climate, its rapid assembly, affordability and informality making it particularly suited to the state’s mobile and transient society.

In California, and other parts of the U.S., Arts and Crafts advocates promoted regional materials and rustic styles of resort architecture. The Woodstock art colony in New York’s Catskill Mountains, Frank Miller’s Riverside Inn in Riverside, California, Edward MacDowell’s New Hampshire, Connecticut’s Yelping Hill intellectual and David Curry’s Yosemite Valley tent colonies are a few examples of the widespread trend of the fin de siècle and the rustic life as a tonic for the ills of an industrial world. Americans yearned to recapture a rapidly vanishing virgin landscape, a way of life slipping inexorably away with the rush of modernism.

Arts and Crafts publications supported the virtues of the bungalow, including Gustave Stickley’s Craftsman and other popular shelter magazines such as the Western Architect, The Architect, House Beautiful, Good Housekeeping, Architectural Record, Country Life in America, and Ladies’ Home Journal. (See Continuation

DPR 523B

Sheet) State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 6 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

Whole journals such as Henry Wilson’s Bungalow Magazine, were devoted to publishing plans and elevations. People could order sets of drawings from Wilson or from contractors and builders who produced “bungalow books” containing photographs and floor plans. Those too impatient or impecunious to hire a builder could purchase a prefabricated bungalow from the California Ready-Cut Bungalow Company or from Aladdin Company. The Craftsman style was still in vogue in 1912 and these publications familiarized building contractor Samuel Calvin and the rest of the nation with the style that reflected the Arts and Crafts movement ideals.

Meanwhile, Prairie School designs started to spread throughout American without the socialism that was attributed to the Arts and Crafts Movement. Gustave Stickely, the Greene brothers in Pasadena, Bernard Maybeck, Irving Gill and other interpreted the Arts and Crafts Movement in different ways, yet all subscribed to the rejection of the machine in an attempt to bring about an American Democratic form of architecture and living. Its origins also lie in tandem with the ideals and design philosophies of the Arts and Crafts Movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Prairie School architecture is usually marked by its integration with the surrounding landscape, horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad eaves, windows assembled in horizontal bands, solid construction, craftsmanship, restraint in the use of decoration with a free flowing or open interior.

The Prairie School was considered to be the only true indigenous American style because it did not reflect or express the elements that were found in preceding historic styles. Along with the Arts and Crafts Movement, both served as an alternative to the then dominant Classical Revival influence, both new movements sharing a desire for simplicity and function. The relevance of a building to nature and the landscape, the visual expression of natural materials and the idea of abandoning small, boxy rooms in favor on more open, integrated interior spaces were all features of this new “Democratic” style of architecture.

The intense wave of conservative mood swept the country after the First World War, combined with the demise of the Arts and Crafts movement signaled a change in taste and away from the values of the Prairie School. The American proponents of historic architecture won the battle following World War One, the Prairie School architects simply left Oak Park, Chicago, the Midwest and began designing in the historic styles. Others gave up independent practice altogether. Louis Sullivan died in poverty in 1924. In San Diego, the Prairie School period lasted longer, until around 1920 with the historically designated Melhorn/Forward House on Lark Street likely being the final design for the Prairie School genre in Mission Hills and perhaps in San Diego.

Mission Hills has the greatest concentration of Prairie School houses in San Diego County with over 50 Prairie School designs built by master builders and architects. In 1912, Frank Lloyd Wright artist Orlando Giannini built a Prairie School house for his family on Alameda Drive. Mission Hills residents and master builders Frank P. Allen, Morris B. Irvin, Nathan Rigdon, Alexander Schreiber and Marvin V. Melhorn all contributed to the Prairie School appearance of Mission Hills with beautiful two-story stucco designs. Other Prairie School builders and designers in Mission Hills were John A. Robinson (recently historically designed Prairie School house at 1708 West Montecito Way), Walter Keller, William Wahrenberger, Joel Brown (Lark Street houses), Harry L. Turner (Altura Place). San Diego architects and builders who also were influenced by the mid-western Prairie School were William Simpson in Loma Portal, Emmor Brooke Weaver, William S. Hebbard and in Escondido. Perhaps the first and most important Prairie School architect in San Diego was Irving Gill, which are exemplified by his Seventh Avenue residences for Cossitt (Hebbard & Gill) and the three Teats and Lee houses. However, the 1913, George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 by Samuel Calvin stands as a rare and excellent example of early 20th century Modernism branch of the Prairie School genre. (See Continuation Sheet)

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 7 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

The 1913 house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive is significant for its rare design that embodies the aesthetic similar to those used by Prairie School architect George Maher.

Maher was a key figure, along with Frank Lloyd Wright in the creation of a new American residential architecture in the early 20th century. His designs reflected the new Modernism with simple geometric forms, rectangular blocks with low-pitched roofs. Their absence of ornamentation and smooth stucco surfaces gives this designs a “Modern” appearance. Maher was well-known for his symmetrical compositions based upon geometric simplification and the use of a Motif-Rhythm theory with the use of repeating motifs. Maher also used segmented arches as an ornamental motif.

George W. Maher first used the arched entryway design motif in his national register Pleasant House (1897- 99) in Oak Park, Illinois. Similar arched designs are also seen on Tallmadge and Watson’s 1908 Ashley C. Smith House also in Oak Park, Illinois with its arched dormer. Maher featured a similar arch over the front entrance in his Charles R. Erwin House in 1905 in Oak Park and the 1911, James Hall Taylor House in Oak Park, Illinois with a similar segmented arch over the entryway. Similar arches are also seen on Maher’s Grace Brackebush House (1909) in Chicago.

Like Maher, Irving Gill also worked alongside Frank Lloyd Wright when he worked under Louis Sullivan, the American father of the Modernism movement at Sullivan and Adler in Chicago from 1890 to 1893. Gill’s two years with Sullivan had armored him with faith in Gill’s own thinking and enriched him with what Sullivan called, “…the luminous idea of simplicity”. He grasped the organic aspect of architecture and regarding a building as a unified whole rather than a series of unrelated strands. Gill viewed Nature through the romantic eyes of Walt Whitman. Gill wrote, “…a building should be simple and bold with no decorated surfaces, architecture should reflect geometry – the straight line, the cube, the circle and the arch”.

Gill wrote little of his inspirations, however in the May 1916, The Craftsman magazine, Gill did write about four principles, “The straight line borrowed from the horizon is a symbol of greatness, grandeur and nobility; the arch patterned from the dome of the sky represents exultation, reverence, aspiration; the circle is the sign of completeness, motion and progression…the square is the symbol of power, justice, honesty and firmness. These are the bases, the units of architectural language…we must not weaken our message of beauty and strength by the stutter and mumble of useless ornaments.”

This house also has similarities to the proposed 1911 Marian Olmstead cubist house that Irving Gill designed for the daughter of the great Frederick Law Olmstead Sr. and sister to the famous national landscape Olmstead’s. It was to be built at the corner of Randolph Street and Stockton (today’s Arbor Drive), at the site of the present day 1912 William Templeton Johnson’s Francis Parker School. In April 1911, Irving Gill presented elevations for this design. The house was called, “The Home of the Future: New Architecture of the West: Small Homes for a Great Country” in Gustave Stickley’s May 1916 Craftsman magazine. Unfortunately, the house was never built, likely because in early September 1911, the Olmsteads resigned from their San Diego Exposition commission over an ongoing site-planning dispute with and the Exposition’s Director of Works Frank P. Allen. There was now no reason for Marion Olmstead to join her brothers in San Diego. She stayed in her native Connecticut. The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 bears a similar cubistic design with a flat roof and smooth stucco finish and also borrows some of the design aesthetic of the emerging Modernism style led by Irving Gill.

The progressive, bold design of the George B. and Ethel Worthington Spec. House #1 also has some similarities to Frank Mead and Irving Gill’s 1907 Russell Allen House in Bonita, called one of the first examples of Modernism in America. The Allen House is defined by its flat roof box design with punched-in porches and windows. This was Mead and Gill’s first essay in totally stripped-down architecture with no ornamentation. (See Continuation Sheet)

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 8 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

The Worthington House is also similar to Gill’s George Easton House at 3353 Second Avenue, built in 1909, one of Gill’s first designs after the breakup of the Mead & Gill architectural team; the Easton House has a flat roof, boxed entry with two graceful arches. The Worthington House is also similar to Gill’s G.W. Simmons House at 3506 Albatross Street, built in 1909. Both the Simmons and Kelly houses are excellent examples of the new Modernism architectural genre that moved radically past previous architectural styles, past historicism, past pre-tense2.

Gill also wrote, “There is something very restful and satisfying in my mind is the simple cube house with creamy walls, shear and plain, rising boldly into the sky, unrelieved by cornices or overhanging of roof, unornamented save the vines that soften a line or creepers that wreathe a pillar or flowers that inlay color…” Gill was designing the first Modern homes in America and perhaps the world. He was among the first American architects to eliminate ornamentation from his structures, and the buildings of his mature style, such as the Wilson Acton Hotel (1908; later the Hotel Cabrillo) in La Jolla, California, and the Dodge House (1916) in Los Angeles, have such severity of design that even moldings are omitted

The George B. and Ethel Worthington Spec House #1 was built at appropriately the same time period as the so-called, Albatross Canyon homes by Gill for Alice Lee and Katherine Teats, built 1912-1913. Gill used both low-hipped roofs and flat roofs on these four Modernism houses. The Albatross houses also had no ornamentation, each was composed of a series of squares, cubes and circles. The houses reflected Gill’s interest in the radical Modernism of German and Austrian early 20th century architectural styles of the Jugendstill (German) and Secessionism (Austrian) styles. The Worthington House may have been designed by drawing inspiration from Gill’s first Modern houses; however, builder Samuel Calvin did not break himself completely from the Prairie School, and his design is more reflective of George W. Maher’s works, as the Worthington House included the Prairie School overhanging roof.

Builder Samuel Calvin might have responded with a design influenced by Irving Gill, but it is difficult to ascertain because he was likely only in San Diego between 1911 and 1912. The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive also relates to the recent historically designated Kelly House built by John A. Robinson at 1708 West Montecito Way, also built in 1913 with its cubistic clean lines. Certainly, the Prairie School house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive represents a much more stripped-down design than the other Mission Hills Prairie School homes by Alexander Schreiber, Morris Irvin, Nathan Rigdon, Marvin V. Melhorn and others; it is akin to the Gill and Maher designs and is significant for representing an early Modernism design in Mission Hills and San Diego.

George and Ethel Worthington wanted a forward-thinking progressive house similar to what he likely saw of Gill’s Bonita and Bankers Hills work or read in journals about the Motif–Rhythm theory embraced by Maher to reflect the Prairie School style. The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive is significant for serving as an excellent example of the early 20th century Modernism design, influenced perhaps by Irving Gill and George Maher as Prairie School architects although it is not an exact copy of eithers work. Builder Samuel Calvin mostly used double-hung windows; however, he did employ bands of windows and overhanging roofs as did the Chicago-based Prairie School designers. Other similar attributes to the Chicago Prairie School designs are the flat roof, smooth stucco finish, and no ornamentation. (See Continuation Sheet)

2 Similar Modernism designs by Gill with sweeping graceful arches, simple cube designs built around the same time period as the Worthington House are the La Jolla Woman’s Club (1912-1914); the Hugo Klauber House (1908, destroyed), the Hamilton-Fulford House (1908, destroyed), the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church (1911-1912), the Mary Cossitt Cottages on Eighth Avenue (1910) and the Bishop’s School in La Jolla (1910-1916).

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 9 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive is significant for reflecting the Prairie School Modernism design. It has many character-defining features of the Prairie School genre including; a flat roof, smooth stucco exterior, wide overhanging eaves, symmetrical façade, wood-sash windows, a horizontal emphasis, restraint in decoration, except the character-defining feature of the prominent segmented central arch over the front entry and the supporting sculpted wood brackets. The George B. and Ethel Worthington Spec House #1 is also significant for its use of indigenous materials such as smooth stucco, exterior double-hung windows, casement windows, oak doors that are all reflective of the period. The forms and materials clearly demonstrate through the presence of essential physical features the function of the Prairie School style of the early 1910s when the Prairie School genre was at its peak. The house is also significant for the level of craftsmanship that is clearly evident. The craftsmanship reflects a gifted builder and is a tribute to Samuel Calvin, the builder and the craftsmen who constructed it. Calvin later practiced as an architect in his native Pennsylvania.

This 1913 Prairie School house lies in the original Mission Hills Subdivision, per Map 1115. The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive lies with the proposed Mission Hills Historic District Expansion Area. The 2016 Uptown Survey lists the house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive as “Minimally Altered” with an inaccurate built year of 1917. The proposed expansion areas include 1770 Fort Stockton Drive in the north area. The northern area includes about 158 parcels and the south area has about 67 parcels but have not been intensely surveyed yet. The period of significance for the additional areas is the same as the original Mission Hills Historic District, 1908 to 1942, or the filing of the Subdivision Map 1115 by George Marston et. al. and through the beginning of U.S. involvement in the Second World War.

The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive clearly reflects the Prairie School aesthetic and time in which it was built during the streetcar era (1909-1929). The interior is not a part of the designation package. The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 is significant for demonstrating the following Prairie School characteristics as defined by the 2016 Uptown Community Plan Area Historic Resources Survey Report: • Single or two-story • Modest bungalows, Craftsman, Prairie School, Streamline Moderne, Mission Revival or Spanish Revival architectural style • Wood frame construction • Gable, hip or flat roof • Stucco or wood cladding • Wood-sash widows (typically double-hung or casement) • Wood door (glazed or paneled) • Prominent front or side porch

According to the 2015 Uptown Community Plan Update, Draft Survey, Prairie School section: The style is predominately seen within single – family residences in Uptown. There are four principal sub-types of the style: hipped roof symmetrical with front entry, hipped roof symmetrical no front entry, hipped roof asymmetrical, and gabled roof. is characterized by: • Low-pitched or flat roofs. • Widely overhanging eaves. • Two stories with one story wings or porches. • Massive square porch supports. • Horizontal emphasis of lines, massing, and form, especially on eaves, cornices, and facades. • Symmetrical facades

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 10 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

The recognized exterior elements and characteristics associated with the Prairie School period include: • One or two-stories • Flat or low-hipped roof with wide overhanging eaves. • Stucco or smooth wall finish. • Windows assembled in horizontal bands, a ribbon of windows. • Geometric forms and horizontal lines. • Integration with the landscape • Open interior spaces • Restraint in the use of decoration, little to no ornamentation. • Horizontal lines were thought to evoke and relate to the native prairie landscape

The following is an analysis of the 1913 George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 to demonstrate how it meets the Secretary of the Interior Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties,

1. Location. The house has not been moved from its original location as shown by the 1940s and 1950s Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps. The Location is Excellent.

2. Design. The house has the original design elements that consist of the character-defining features of the Prairie School. The house features a symmetrical massing with a prominent segmented arch supported by massive, sculpted wood brackets over the central entryway. Two prominent geometric second-story bays feature groups or bands of Chicago-style double-hung windows which contribute to the horizontal design. There is also a grouped set of double-hung windows above the central front entryway and two groups or band of Chicago-style double-hung windows on the first story. The Prairie School house features prominent overhanging eaves, which, further emphasis the horizontal nature. At some point, there was an addition of a balcony on the southern elevation on the second story. The balcony utilized the bump out along the driveway and is balanced by the original second story bays with a sliding door that is not easily viewed from the street.

The 1931 advertisement is of poor quality but clearly shows these character defining original features. It was determined that pixels in the image along the roof line were reflections off of the gutter system that frames the roof. That photo also shows some brackets along the south east side along the driveway and those brackets are missing as the ghost lines of those brackets are easily visable. The Residential Building record refers to the flat roof, boxed eaves, gutters and four foot overhang.

Lastly, some of the original windows in this advertisement are blacked out in the image. All of the front facing windows are consistent using the same hardware, glass, mullins and wood casings. It is difficult to interpret the poor quality image and there may be several possible explanatins of the dark spaces including drawn curtains or closed blinds. The Residential Building record lists double hung windows and venetian blinds. Overall, the Design; shape, bulk, scale, height and design of the house reflects Excellent Design Integrity.

3. Setting. The house is in the proposed Mission Hills Historic District Expansion Area, which would join the Mission Hills Historic District (period of significance, 1908-1942). The 2015 Uptown Community Plan Area Draft Historic Resources Survey Report lists the house as a contributor to this proposed historic district. The 2016 Uptown Survey lists the house as “minimally altered” with an incorrect built date of 1917. This expansion of the existing Mission Hills Historic District includes 67 parcels in the “East/Southeast Expansion Area”, which is defined as north of the Middletown Addition, south of the Fort Stockton Line Historic District, west of Stephens Street and east of Saint James Place. (See Continuation Sheet) DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 11 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

There are 158 parcels in the Northern Expansion Area, which is defined as north of the Fort Stockton Line Historic District, south of Altamira Place and the bluff immediately north of Hortensia Street, west of Stephens Street and east of Fort Stockton Line Historic District. The house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive lies within the Northern Expansion Area. Most of the homes along Fort Stockton Drive, West Lewis Street and Sunset Boulevard have original integrity, the landscape and neighborhood Setting appears to be Excellent.

4. Materials. Materials appear to be mostly made with organic materials and are original or in-kind replacements. The window frames are wood and are original. The character-defining wood segmented arch and massive sculpted brackets are original. The Craftsman-style front oak door with its beveled glass windows are original. The front door hardware while not original is in the Craftsman-style. The smooth stucco, while not original, is appropriate to the design and matches the original. A small patch of original stucco is viewed on the garage. Overall, the Materials integrity is Excellent.

5. Workmanship. The house exhibits excellent craftsmanship because of its original wood windows, the massive sculpted brackets supporting the front façade geometric second-story bays, the wood steeped segmented arch over the entryway, the overhanging eaves with a decorative chevron pattern and the paneled front door. Though the interior is not part of the designation it includes the original sideboard, wood trim and moldings are painted but also original. Overall, the Workmanship aspect is Excellent.

6. Feeling. The overall feeling of the house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive is that of a Prairie School house that fits into the neighborhood of the 1910s to 1920s era-houses in nearby blocks. There are 1910s and 1920s bungalows, Craftsman, Mission and Spanish Revival and Prairie School homes nearby as well. Besides restoration efforts, very few changes have occurred since the early 20th century. The overall presence on the street would be nearly identical for someone today as it would be during the original building period. The 1913 Prairie School house has generally Excellent integrity.

7. Association. The house does not have an Association that would merit designation alone, although a few well-known San Diego figures called 1770 Fort Stockton Drive home. The builder is Samuel Calvin, who is little known and was likely only in San Diego for a few years in the early 1910s. Thomas N. Faulconer lived at the house in 1935 through 1936. From 1923 to 1925, Faulconer was the first executive director of the . Before that, in 1909, he was the assistant city editor of the Evening Tribune and was the executive secretary to the San Diego Park Board in 1913. During the 1930s he was a trust officer at the First National Bank. He was later involved in real estate, mostly in the Point Loma area. Then Lester and Sue Earnest family lived at the house between 1939 until Lester and then Sue’s death in 2007. Lester was the City of San Diego’s Park and Recreation Business Manager. He was later the City Budget Officer, the Assistant to the City Manager and the Parks and Recreation Director. He is credited with planning, developing and operating Mission Bay Park. There is a park bench at Mission Bay dedicated to him, a gift by friends to honor him posthumously.

Sue Wolfer Earnest was a long-time professor at San Diego State University. She taught at SDSU from 1948 until her retirement in 1973. She was the chairperson of the Speech Pathology and Audiology Department. She was recognized by the City of San Diego on her 100th birthday on September 19, 2007 with a Dr. Sue Wolfer Earnest Day proclamation. The Association Integrity Good.

The Prairie School house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive meets six “excellent” integrity values and one “good” integrity values under the National Register Guidelines. This constitutes integrity significant for landmarking under Criterion “C”.

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 12 of 14 *NRHP Status Code

*Resource Name or # George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-2

B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes)

*B12. References: Books Architectural Guidebook to Los Angeles, Robert Winter. City of San Diego and San Diego County, The Birthplace of California. By Clarence Alan McGrew (1922). American Historical Society. Mission Hills, Images Across America”, by Allen Hazard and Janet O’Dea, Arcadia Publishing, March 2, 2015. ISBN-10: 1-4671-3268-8. San Diego City Directories, City and County, San Diego. Virginia and Lee McAlester, A Field Guide to American Homes.

Maps Goggle Maps 1940, 1956 Sandborn Fire Maps, California Room, San Diego Public Library USGS map Topo: La Jolla 1903 USGS map Topo: LaJolla: 2015 City of San Diego 800 scale maps Paul Johnson, Johnson and Johnson Architecture, Site Plan, 2018

Photos and Photo Archives Present Day Photos: Allen Hazard Photograph Collection San Diego State University, Sue Earnest Archives

Historic Reports April 2003, Nomination of the Edgar G. and Sarah E. Davies House, 1753 West Lewis Street San Diego CA 92103 by Beth Montes 2017 Nomination of the Robert J. Kelly House, 1706 West M. Way, Allen Hazard and Janet O’Dea

Government Documents County of San Diego, Assessor, Mapping Division archive records, deeds and miscellaneous records. Residential Building Records, County of San Diego Water and Sewer Records: Permits application records - City of San Diego U.S. Census Records, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940 Subdivision Map

Booklets, Newspapers and Magazines San Diego Union, December 29, 1910, Thomas N. Faulconer marries Margaret Adams San Diego Union, April 9, 1911, Samuel Calvin sells his house in Chula Vista San Diego Union, June 18, 1911, George and Ethel Worthington purchase Lot 1, Block 14 San Diego Daily Transcript, November 12, 1912, building permit Southwest Builders and Contractors, November 13, 1912, building permit San Diego Union, December 29, 1919, Thomas N. Faulconer wedding announcement San Diego Union, October 7, 1921, Miss Grossmayer piano recital San Diego Union, June 29, 1924, Dolce Grossmayer ad for piano lessons San Diego Union, February 1, 1926, Dolce Grossmayer concert review San Diego Union, September 15, 1927, Dolce Grossmayer radio concert San Diego Union, May 31, 1934, Clara Grossmayer obituary

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 13 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

San Diego Union, December 3, 1935, Sue Earnest, Tea to Fete University Women article (See Continuation Sheet) San Diego Union, January 2, 1936, Thomas P. Faulconer engagement San Diego Union, December 16, 1951 Les and Sue Earnest Christmas photo San Diego Union, July 24, 1953, Sue Earnest hosting reception San Diego Union, January 11, 1955, Les Earnest article San Diego Union, April 29, 1957, Katherine Dickson obituary San Diego Union, April 22, 1958, Les Earnest Union Title Insurance article, July/August 1960, Les Earnest San Diego Union, September 2, 1960, Les Earnest appointed City Park Manager San Diego Union, January 26, 1961, Sue Earnest 1960 Woman of the Year article San Diego Union, February 10, 1961, Les Earnest Stadium article San Diego Union, June 4, 1961, Sue Earnest Ambassador article San Diego Union, October 31, 1961, Les Earnest with Senator Kuchel article San Diego Union, April 22, 1962, Sue Earnest, Alpha Gamma Delta article San Diego Union, June 17, 1962, Les Earnest Bay Park article San Diego Union, June 25, 1962, Dolce Grossmayer obituary San Diego Union, July 22, 1962, Les Earnest Mission Bay article San Diego Union, March 14, 1963, Les Earnest article San Diego Union, April 14, 1964 Les Earnest Zoo article San Diego Union, March 20, 1966, Sue Earnest article San Diego Union, March 2, 1969, Thomas P. Faulconer article San Diego State University, November 29, 1973, Oral History Program, interview with Sue Earnest San Diego Union, June 21, 1976, Thomas Faulconer article San Diego Union, January 27, 1984, Thomas N. Faulconer obi San Diego Union, June 17, 1985, Les Earnest, Mission Bay article San Diego Reader, February 15, 1996, Thomas N. Faulconer article San Diego Union, March 6, 2001, Les Earnest Obituary

Websites Ancestry.com

George Maher.com

Historic Homes of Chula Vista, George and Ethel Worthington 1912 bungalow. http://www.historichomesofchulavista.com/craftsman-style.html

Owlcation.com – The Houses of Architect George W. Maher San Diego History Center, Lester Earnest Collection San Diego Reader, Les Earnest, Mission Bay article, August 6, 1992 online. https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1992/aug/06/cover-bay-of-dreams-pirates-dolphin-races-volca

San Diego State University Special Collections online, Dr. Sue Earnest Papers, 1848-2007. https://scua2.sdsu.edu/archon/index.php?p=collections/controlcard&id=318&q=sue+earnest

Southwest Contractors and Manufacturers, November 16, 1912, Volume 10, 1912-1913, page 40 online, Building Permit.

Special Collections, Sue Earnest (1907-2007) scua2.sdsu.edu/archon/?p=creaters/creator&id=282 Uptown Historic Architectural and Cultural Landscape Reconnaissance Survey, Ione Stiegler and Vonn Marie May. (See Continuation Sheet)

DPR 523B

State of California ¾ The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD Page 14 of 14 *NRHP Status Code *Resource Name or # The George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 443-462-02-00

Uptown Community Plan Update, Draft Historic Context Statement, October 2010. http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/uptown/pdf/201010uptownhistoriccontext.p df

Uptown Survey: http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/programs/historical/pdf/Uptown/09chapter3.pdf Uptown Historic Context and Oral History Report. www.sandiego.gov/planning /community/pfd.

Uptown Community Plan Update, Public Review Draft, June 2015. http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/uptown/pdf/his.pdf Uptown Community Plan Area Draft Historic Resources Survey Report (November 2015) http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/uptown/pdf/1511uptowndraftsurvey.pdf

Miscellaneous George Washington Maher in Kenilworth. Guidebook published by the Kenilworth Historial Society. Sue Earnest San Diego State University Archives San Diego History Center Questionnaire, Lester Earnest, March 1, 1984 Letter from Thomas Faulconer February 17, 1996 April Boyle email correspondence to Deborah Krongard, January 23, 2018 L.B. Powers & Son Plumbing Co. Inc. Power Walks, Walking Tours, by Allen Hazard, 2010. The Chicago Connection in San Diego, How the Prairie School Influenced San Diego, Lecture by Allen Hazard at Save Our Heritage Organisation Craftsman Weekend, March 17, 2012.

DPR 523B George B. and Ethel M. Worthington Spec. House #1 1770 Fort Stockton Drive San Diego, CA 92103 Attachment A Building Development Information • A.1 – Assessor’s Building Record • A.2 – Notice of Completion • A.3 – Water/Sewer Records • A.4 – Building/Construction Permits • A.5 – Site Plan with Footprint Showing Additions • A.6 – County Lot and Block Book Page • A.7 – Previous Survey Forms A.1 Assessor’s Building Record Remarks show the foundation was replaced. A.3 Notice of Completion - none found A.4 Water and Sewer Records none found A.4 Building/Construction Permits

San Diego Daily Transcript, Nov 12, 1912

The address was identified as 180 Fort Stockton Drive in 1912 and changed 1o 1770 Fort Stockton Drive in 1914. A.4 Building/Construction Permits

San Diego Union Nov 13, 1912

Southwest Building and Contractor Nov 16, 1912 Plumbing permit May 23, 1966 Roofing permit Nov. 16, 1966 Foundation replaced May 2, 1979 Electric Service upgrade April 9, 1980 Plumbing permit September 22, 1993 Plumbing permit April 15, 1993 Electric /Utility upgrade April 8, 2004 Construction permit to Replace upstairs sliding door and rewiring Electrical December 10, 2008 A.5 Site Plan A.6 County Lot and Block Book Page

Shows that the lot was split by 1913 and Improvements were recorded on January 1, 1913 with the value of $300.00 and in January 1, 1914 a value of $900.00 A. 7 Previous Survey Forms

Uptown Survey, 2016 Attachment B Ownership and Occupant Information • B.1 – Chain of Title • B.2 – Directory Search of Occupants • B.3 – Deed from the Date of Construction B.1 Chain of Title Grantor Grantee Date Document

W. S. Kelly George B. and Ethel June 10, 1911 Book 513, Page 415 M. Worthington NOTE, the only existing record of the is damaged and blacked out and illegible, however this is the index referencing this deed and a San Diego Union article regarding this transaction.

George B. and Ethel E. W. Peterson Oct. 16, 1914 Book 669, Worthington Page 1

E.W. Peterson Crescent Reality May 24, 1920 Book 811, Page 415 Company Crescent Reality Abbie V. Hamilton August 21, Book 824 Company 1920 Page 438

Abbie V. Hamilton J.H. Crawford Oct. 14, 1920 Book 835 Page271

J.H. Crawford Jeanette N. Merriam March 31, Book 847 1921 Page 453

Jeanette N. Merriam Clara and Dolce May 10, 1921 Book 818 Grossmayer Page 476

Clara, George and First National Trust & July 7, 1931 Book 2 Dulce Grossmayer Savings Bank Page 232

First National Trust Margaret L. Clark Nov. 19, 1936 Book 597-97 & Savings Bank

Margaret L. Clark Lester and Sue Dec. 21, 1937 Book 726 Earnest Page 471

Lester D. Earnest, Deborah S. Krongard Nov. 23, 2016 2016-0671807 Successor Trustee of the Earnest Family Trust B.2 Directory Search of Occupants Name Year Notes Mrs. Katherine Dickson 1915 to 1920 Teacher at 1921, Mrs. Dickson moved to 3629 Third Avenue Charles, Elizabeth and Madeline 1921 National Bank Examiner Martin Elizabeth was a student, and moved to 1770 West Lewis Street in 1922 John H. and Gertrude Crawford 1921 to 1922 Clara, Dolce, George and Rachel 1923 to 1931 Clara was a teacher. Dolce was a private piano teacher Grossmayer George was a clerk at Kushel & Burnet – they moved to 4112 Eagle Street Edna M. Damon 1932 vacant 1933 Harry A. Faulconer 1934 Special agent, Assistant District Manager, Home Owners Loan Corp. Thomas Nichols and Margaret A. Faulconer Thomas P. Faulconer (son) Thomas N. and Margaret A. 1935 Faulconer Thomas P. Faulconer (son) Theo P. and Marian P. Hall 1936 Engineer Con Aircraft Corp Paul G. and Viola Helling 1937 Lab, Gas Company Moved to 2156 Sunset Cliffs Blvd vacant 1938 Lester Elvin and Sue Earnest 1939 to 2007 Engineer and Teacher

Various tenants including: Matthew Jones, V. 2008- 2014 Graf, D. Ellis, A. Ellis, O. Depinerez, Gary W.. Cashdollar Deborah S. Krongard 2014 to present Naval Officer B.3 Deed from Date of Construction B.3 Deed from Date of Construction

The original deed is illegible. The County Assessors office records show the deed transaction in the index of records. The original microfilmed deed is completely blacked out. The index shows on June 10, 1911, Book 513, Page 415 that William S. Kelly, is the Grantor to George and Emily Worthington, Grantees. Though the original deed is damaged, there is a collaborating article dated June 18, 1911 appearing in the San Diego Union describing the transaction. Attachment C Maps • C.1 – City of San Diego 800 Scale Engineering Map • C.2 – Current and Historical USGS Maps • C.3 – Original Subdivision Map • C.4 – Sanborn Maps 1886/1887 1906 1921 1940 1950 1956 C.1 – City of San Diego 800 Scale Engineering Map

1770 Ft. Stockton Dr. ^ C.2 – Current and Historical USGS Maps

1770 Ft. Stockton Dr.. La Jolla, 1903 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr.. La Jolla, 2015 C. 3 – Original Subdivision Map

1770 Ft. Stockton Dr.

Mission Hills Map #115 C. 4– Sanborn Maps

1940 Sanborn Map 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr.

. . 1956 Sanborn Map Paste up 1770 Ft. Stockton Dr. Attachment D Photographs

D.1 – Historical Photographs D.2 – Current Photographs D.1 – Historical Photographs

1770 Ft. Stockton Dr.

San Diego History Center San Diego Union August 9, 1931 D.2 – Current Photographs

Front/West Elevation Front/ West Elevation

The aerial image provides a view of the roof top. The gutter system is best seen from across the street South Elevation Garage and old stucco Back/East Elevation North Elevation Interior Details /Workmanship Attachment E HRB Criteria Supplemental Documentation • E.1 – Criterion A • E.2 – Criterion B • E.3 – Criterion C • E.4 – Criterion D • E.5 – Criterion E • E.6 – Criterion F Criterion A - Informational

Exemplifies or reflects special elements of the City's, a community's, or a neighborhood's, historical, archaeological, cultural, social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering, landscaping or architectural development.

A Brief History of Mission Hills

Mission Valley once extended due west and forked south about two miles out into what is now the Pacific Ocean. For in those ancient times, glaciers sucked seawater north and the ocean level lay at least thirty feet lower than it is today. Within the past 8,000 years, melting glaciers have changed the native landscape and people began changing the land. Such was the changing landscape at the time the Kumeyaay, Kwaimi, Cocopah, Pai Pai, and other tribal groups that first learned of Spanish explorers in the Arizona deserts. Word traveled fast, but people were not ready for European philosophical and political conquest. Nor were they prepared for the onslaught of disease and culture shock that would forever change their ancient ways of life.

The arrival of Spanish soldiers and Franciscan priests changed annual seasonal transhumance land use patterns, but native people adapted and simply kept out of their way. Only the fertile river valleys along the coast were essentially denied native people. Spanish authorities contained their populations in fortified towns. These were primarily limited to the Royal Presidio de Cosoy, about one mile west of Mission Hills, and the Mission San Diego De Alcalá. Spanish cattle wandered the uplifted marine sediment mesas and quite possibly denuded mixed chaparral, vernal pools and coastal sage scrub habitat. Mexican ranchers expanded up into the hills to plant horticulture, orchards, and vines and the feral cattle, goats, pigs and sheep increased. Residential expansion oriented toward San Diego Bay and Mission Valley, where fresh water and food resources were more plentiful. In 1825, Governor Jose Maria Echeandia moved the capital from Monterey to the nearby Presidio San Diego, as it became the capital for all of Baja and Alta California. During the Mexican Republic period, between 1823 and 1846, governors gave friends or relatives thousands of acres for ranching, Spanish-Mexican military officers also received plots of land below Presidio Hill and built houses there, which was the beginning of Old Town San Diego.

In 1850, following the Mexican War of 1846, the State of California formed the Common Council of the City of San Diego. Based on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1852, the Common Council hired land surveyor Charles Poole to mark the boundaries of the enormous tract of land set aside for the City of San Diego, known as Pueblo Lands. The Common Council approved a subdivision of those Pueblo Lands into “Pueblo Lots” and began to auction the land to raise funds to operate the City of San Diego. Americans and former Mexican citizens bought property in those auctions and cleared native brush for various kinds of farming, horticulture, and plant nurseries. The poorest quality areas, such as the dry mesas, were left alone at the end of the 19th century.

Captain Henry James Johnston, Kate O. Sessions and George Marston. The story of modern Mission Hills begins with three seminal figures, Sarah Johnston

1 (Cox) Miller, and George Marston. Captain Henry James Johnston became the first person to purchase property in the area when he bought about 65 acres of public land centered around what is now Sunset Boulevard and Witherby Streets. Johnston was the Captain of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company’s S.S. Orizaba, a wooden side- wheel steamer that ferried between San Francisco and San Diego. The Orizaba was regarded as the “Mayflower of San Diego” as it brought many future San Diegans to town for the first time. The Orizaba began its trips down the Pacific Coast to San Diego in 1865 and was broken up in 1887. For years, as Captain Johnston brought passengers and freight to San Diego, he rounded Point Loma and viewed the high promontory overlooking the great expanse of sea. This high plot of land so impressed the Captain that he resolved to buy it for his home when he retired. Mission Hills was comprised of weeds, scrub and chaparral, an area that the Native American tribes, such as the Kumeyaay, inhabited before the Spanish settlers.

Legend has it that Johnston purchased the property that includes what is now called Mission Hills, after a near disastrous voyage to San Diego. On February 2 1869, he paid $16.25 for the 65-plus acres, or 25 cents per acre, the price of land prevailing in San Diego at that time. Sixty plus acres being more than he needed, Johnston quickly sold about half his barren land to his First Mate, Ormsby Hite for $7.50. The Captain’s retirement was never realized. Johnston died at his home in San Francisco on December 28, 1878. The Captain’s widow, Ellen Johnston, gifted the property to her daughter, Sarah Johnston Miller, for “…love, affection and $1.00”. Sarah Miller named the land Johnston Heights in honor of her father.

During the winter of 1887-1888, Sarah Johnston Cox Miller built a home on the southern edge of the highest point of the hill and named it the Villa Orizaba. The old ship’s saloon sideboard and probably the railing from the salon up into the social hall were built into the grand Victorian home. Until 1908, the Villa Orizaba stood alone among the scrub and cactus amongst a few small dairies and chicken ranches.

In 1903, after losing her lease, horticulturalist and “Mother of Balboa Park” Kate Sessions and her brother Frank Sessions began buying up property in what was then known as North Florence Heights to establish her nursery business. She chose land near West Lewis Street and Stephens Street for both her nursery and growing grounds. The soil was rich with moist sea breezes at this remote location. She built lath and packinghouses at the north end of Lark Street, relocating them a few years later to where Grant Elementary School lies today. From these sites, poinsettias were grown, packed and shipped throughout North America. In 1922, Sessions sold the nursery to Giuseppe and Pasquale Antonicelli, and in 1925, they moved the nursery to its present site on Fort Stockton Drive.

In 1870, at the age of twenty, George White Marston arrived in San Diego, taking his first job as a clerk in the Horton House. In 1873, he bought a general store with Charles Nash. In 1878, they divided their interests, with Marston keeping the dry goods part of the business. In 1871, he led a group of citizens to keep City Park out of the hands of land speculators and developers; he served on the City Council; and he became an outspoken

2 Progressive who believed in the latest concepts of city planning. By the 1890’s, Marston was a wealthy merchant and civic leader. In 1902, Marston offered $10,000 of his own money to develop the plans for the 1,400-acre City Park and was a driving force behind bringing in John Nolan to develop a comprehensive city plan.

The Nolan Plan Around 1902, alarmed that enormous tracts of land were sold for private development, the Common Council had the vision and foresight to set aside some Pueblo Lots for future public use. Lots were reserved for cemetery and park lands. About 1905, the City of San Diego retained John Nolen to develop a general plan, just as had been done for big eastern cities like New York, as well as over 450 small and large cities across America. The Nolan Plan concepts found their basis in the City Beautiful Movement of the late 19th century

Nolen produced a small book and maps that outlined planned use of both Pueblo Lands and private property by ordinances to be enforced by the City of San Diego. Nolan wrote in his Comprehensive Plan of 1908 that “Not withstanding its advantages…San Diego is today neither interesting nor beautiful. Its city plan is not thoughtful, but on the contrary, ignorant and wasteful”. Nolan noticed that there were few contour streets in San Diego and often times the method of building city streets required cutting through hills and filling in of deep valleys and canyons.

“It has meant great and much uncalled-for expense and a destruction of a rare opportunity to secure significant beauty. The streets are not only straight; they are rectangular in arrangement, unrelieved by diagonals and of the same width, eighty feet. There is scarcely any recognition of the need for differentiation in the width and character of streets”.

Concerning the manner in which San Diego streets were laid out at the time, Nolan wrote, “The most glaring and serious…is the attempt to implant a rectangular system, almost unrelieved by diagonals, on so irregular a topography”. Among Nolan’s recommendations for San Diego was that there should be wider residential streets for the “…bigger and handsomer homes that are now being built” In his summary, Nolan quotes Robert S. Peabody when describing how streets should be laid out “…main roads may be interesting which curve or wind…not to have the main arteries all straight.”

The Nolen Plan of 1908 met stiff resistance from opposing philosophical power bosses in the Common Council, who prevented adoption of the ordinance. The city never adopted the Nolan Plan. But, it did provide a development guide that aligned with the City Beautiful Movement of the late 19th century and would later influence Mission Hills. Although the Nolan Plan and was never formally adopted, it clearly influenced laying out the subdivision map of Mission Hills. Progressive Party businessmen, bonded by family and financial ties, countered this failure by private acquisition of Mission Hills and design of their own communities to carry out their vision for the future. George W. Marston and his extended family, the Hamilton’s, the Kelly’s and Gunn’s formed small corporations to purchase land, hire land surveyors, engineers, and title companies, and

3 market land to like-minded people. Marston would leave his personal fingerprints on Mission Hills as he attempted to develop a planned community of progressive citizens.

As a social progressive, Marston believed in bringing nature into the city to give the urban working class a place to relax. In 1913, Marston ran for Mayor but was defeated by Louis Wilde in the so-called “Geraniums vs. Smokestacks” race. Marston was an advocate of cultural development, moral uplifting and beautification of San Diego.

The first subdivision, Mission Hills, January 20, 1908 In 1907, Percy H. Goodwin, George Marston and members of the Kelly family organized a syndicate buying up 60 acres for $36,000 adjoining the north end of Sarah Miller’s property (along Sunset Boulevard). On January 20, 1908, Marston, along with brothers- in-law Tom and Charles S. Hamilton, Hotel Del Coronado developer Elisha S. Babcock, Kelly Investment Company and co-investors John F., James D. Forward and John Kelly filed Subdivision Map number 1115, composed of 22 acres, known as Pueblo Lot A on Pascoe Map 1870.

They called their new subdivision Mission Hills, reflecting Nolan’s suggestion that San Diego embrace its “…romantic history….and give happy recognition to its topography”. The romantic name also set Mission Hills apart from other subdivisions, the location was close to the original site of the San Diego Presidio and the 1769 Mission San Diego de Alcala, known as the “birthplace of California” and “Plymouth Rock of the West”. Marston’s syndicate hired Frank A. Rhodes of the Southern Construction Company to survey the land and New York architect George Cook laid out the tract. Cook used the ideals from Nolan’s plan, such as following the topography of hilltops and deep ravines for streets, which were left undisturbed for the purposes of recreation, scenic enjoyment and open space. There was a hierarchy to the street pattern whereby they serve different functions. Queen Palms were planted along Sunset Boulevard to “dress the street… but avoid shading the homes”.

The Kelly Investment Company sold the lots and Union Title and Trust Company filed the deeds with the County Recorder. Real Estate vending companies like the Mission Hills Company and several other companies acquired groupings of undeveloped lots for resale to homebuilders. The early developers intended to make Mission Hills one of the most exclusive neighborhoods in San Diego. It was a restricted subdivision, requiring that homes cost at least $3,000 to build, when the average worker earned ten dollars per week.

In September 1909, Johnston Heights was re-subdivided by Harry L. Miller, the son of Sarah Johnston (Cox) Miller, it was renamed Inspiration Heights, (Map number 1212). Inspiration Heights was a more appealing name and promotional materials were created that attracted newcomers. The old street names Johnston Avenue, Dunkirk Avenue, Jerome Avenue, William Street and Leverett Street were renamed Sunset Boulevard, Orizaba Avenue, Bandini Street, Alameda Drive and Loma Pass. By 1953, there would be 53 subdivisions in what is now called, Mission Hills.

4 At the time, the area was mostly barren with the exception of a citrus grove on Trias Street, olive and lemon orchards on Fort Stockton Drive and Jackdaw Street, Calvary Cemetery (now located within Pioneer Memorial Park), Kate Sessions’ nursery and a few dairy and chicken farms.

Mission Hills was also planned to be an artistic community. Indeed, artists such as architectural critic and writer Eloise Roorbach, musician Alice Barnett Stevenson, poet John Vance Cheney, singer Augusta F. Sample, painters Hope Mercereau Bryson and Belle Baranceau, muralist Orlando Giannini, Bertha Bliss Taylor and the White Bungalow writers group all took up residence here. Mission Hills also had the Hillside Artist Colony.

Mission Hills is in close proximity to two parks rich in San Diego history. To the west lies Presidio Park, originally, home to the Kumeyaay people. In 1769, The Spanish built a presidio and the first mission, Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá. In 1907, after encouragement from Charles Kelly, George Marston, appreciating the importance of the site, purchased the land to preserve it. In 1925 he began to develop the park and had William Templeton Johnson design the Serra Museum. In 1929, he donated it to the City of San Diego.

The Progressive Era Broad historical movements or epic events are really the confluence of other historical movements at a sudden episode in time. After the boom and bust cycle of the 1880s and economic depression of 1893, citizens of San Diego were disillusioned and seeking new identities with purpose. Across America, utopian societies and religious movements swept westward. The British Arts & Crafts Movement came to San Diego about the same time national newspapers and magazines alarmed America with the social ills of waves of European immigrant groups. Seeking refuge and solace and good health, Americans readily joined the emerging American Arts & Crafts Movement into the early 20th Century. Ideals were expressed through popular architecture by open and airy houses with abundant windows, use of earthy wood and stone in construction, decoration with naturist sculptures, paintings, sculptures, and hand-made artistic furnishings. Popular magazines like the Land of Sunshine with energetic editorials by Charles Lummis and George Wharton James developed devoted followings. People retreated from the cities and sought refuge in new subdivisions created by idealists and popular leaders.

Progressives like George Marston and his relatives, the Hamilton’s and Kelly’s were successfully involved in merchandising and real estate. They shared the vision that magnanimous leadership and civic action that was necessary to shape the future of San Diego. Those powerful San Diego figures embraced city planning as a cure to urban problems and believed residential housing communities should surround civic parks, transportation routes and harbor resources. Marston and his associates carried out this progressive vision by forming the Mission Hills Company and Kelly Investment Company.

5 Progressive-minded acts such as buying up Presidio Park, extending the San Diego Electric Railway, under grounding water and sewer, and installing power and communication lines, building YMCA buildings and camps, promoting Boy and Girl Scout organizations, and getting advocates appointed to the Planning Commission, Harbor Commission, and Park Commission were ways for Marston and his supporters also implemented their progressive ideals. These acts were rewarded by a common belief that progressivism coincided with powerful religious expression.

Early Development and Promotion The developers intended to make Mission Hills one of the most exclusive neighborhoods in San Diego and indeed, Mission Hills became San Diego’s first restricted subdivision. The deed restrictions stated that only single-family homes costing at least $3,500 could be built (this during a time when the average worker made about $10 per week). Garages and barns had to cost at least $500 each. In 1933, San Diego Union columnist Oscar Cotton noted:

“It took optimism to visualize $3,500 homes in this inaccessible, wind-swept district, miles from the nearest street car line, through the greasewood and dust, in places a foot deep.”

So, advertising helped create some imagery for prospective purchasers. Some advertising stated that Mission Hills was the “Most desirable residence tract in all California” and it was “Just the Right Distance from Business – 12 minutes from U.S. Grant Hotel by Auto and 20 minutes by Cars”

Deed restriction #14 stated that “…no male poultry or farm animal of any kind” could be kept on the property. A real estate brochure claimed, “Natural beauty and artistic development unite in producing Mission Hills as ideal district for residence. The ‘cream’ of this favored section is that designated as George W. Marston’s Subdivision…” The subdivision desired to become a “…distinctly high-class neighborhood”. It would also be “Planned and protected for particular people” and “For those who want the best” and “No hotels or apartments” would be built in such an upscale community

Another early Mission Hills real estate promotion pamphlet stated: “At your feet lies the harbor its mirror of amethyst held safe from the surges of the outer sapphire sea by the gigantic elbow of Point Loma and the long low reaches of Coronado, whose gleaming line is fretted by the picturesque towers of the world-famed hotel and the aboriginal-looking thatched roofs of Tent City. Upon the brow of Point Loma rises the shaft of the Bennington Monument and hid under its sides the great guns of Fort Rosecrans. Far out upon the rim of sapphire looms the surprising triplet of lonely peaks known as the Coronado Rocks, while to the south and east tumble the glorious Mountains, purple and vast and solemn, linked in sublime skyline, from Table Mountain away off in old Mexico, to the glittering icy coronet of San Jacinto towering some four score leagues to the north, above the royal purple masses of Palomar. Then, looking to the west, you see first, the little ‘Old Town’ of San Diego and the hamlet of Pacific Beach, then

6 Mission Bay separated from the ocean by a silvery strand which the breakers are constantly pounding and foaming”.

San Diego’s population boom continued, and Mission Hills began to grow. The Panama California Exposition (1915-1916) brought over 3,000,000 people to San Diego. Many people, who visited the Exposition returned to San Diego to live, work, invest and retire. In, 1919, Spreckel’s San Diego and Eastern Railway expanded and in 1921, the Naval Training Center and the Marine Corp Recruiting Depot were established.

And so, Mission Hills became known as an area of wealth and affluence. Upper middle class and wealthy families who, during the late 19th century, had originally established prestigious neighborhoods south of Laurel Street in Bankers Hills, and later moved northward to form the up-scale neighborhood between Maple and Brant Streets, reestablished once again in Mission Hills during the 1910’s and 1920’s.

Street names in the original Mission Hills subdivision reflected San Diego’s early history. Fort Stockton Drive references the old United States Army fort at nearby Presidio Hill, from the United States/Mexican War. Sierra Vista, Valle Vista, Hermosa Way and West Montecito Way reflect Nolan’s vision that topographical descriptions should “express themselves in the soft words of the Spanish language”. Portola Place is named after the Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portola. Couts Street pays homage to the wealthy 19th century landowner Cave Johnson Couts. Cosoy Street was named after the Native Americans that lived below Presidio Hill, Altamirano was named after members of the important Spanish pioneer family. Arguello was named after Santiago Arguello, a former Californio and alcalde of San Diego. Bandini is named after Juan Bandini, a prominent Old Town leader. Witherby was named after a prominent local judge and Sheridan Avenue after the Civil War Union General. A literary reference represented by Arden Way, was supposedly named after a forest in Shakespeare’s play, As You Like It. Other streets were named after trees such as Palmetto, Pine and Hickory Streets.

The earliest houses in the original 1908 subdivision were the L. Eugene Fuller House at 1815 Sunset Boulevard and the Willis and Florence Ehrlich House at 1836 Sunset Boulevard. It is believed that in 1908, Fuller started to build his Dutch Colonial home after a handshake deal with Percy Goodwin. Fuller was a carpenter, mechanical engineer and a member of the radical International Workers of the World. By 1909, the Fuller Residence, the Ehrlich Residence, a stucco bungalow built by Powell & Fogg, the Cheney-Stevenson Craftsman designed by Emmor Brooke Weaver, at 1816 Sheridan Avenue and the John H. Ferry Craftsman at 4204 Randolph Street (unknown builder) were completed.

Nathan Rigdon built many Craftsman and Prairie-School houses along Fort Stockton Drive, West Lewis Street and Sunset Boulevard, all main thoroughfares in Mission Hills. The majority of these homes are two-stories, while the houses that he built along side streets are a mix of one and two-story homes. The use of two-story homes along main thoroughfares is quite likely a reflection of the influence of Nolan’s hierarchy of streets than would create a make navigable city as well as a more beautiful city. The houses that

7 Rigdon and Irvin & Rigdon built almost all reflect the hierarchy of streets in the construction of two-story homes along main streets.

In 1907, Kate Sessions led a fund-raising movement (contract of subscription) among property holders to pay for the widening of Lewis and Washington Streets (to widen both streets from 50 feet to 75 feet to accommodate double lanes of electric railroad tracks). Sessions and Alice Rainford sought support from John D. Spreckels, the owner of the San Diego Electric Railway Company, to extend the electric trolley line from First Avenue to Washington Street. While Session’s new growing grounds proved to be fertile, she found that it was too remote from her customers. In 1908, with property owner’s approval, the city widened the necessary roads (Lewis and Washington Streets) and J.D. Spreckels, the owner of the San Diego Electric Railway Company, began extending the trolley line. By 1909, one could travel from Market Street downtown to Lewis and Stephens. In 1913, the track was extended from Lewis to the intersection of Fort Stockton and Trias Street. Spreckles believed that “transportation determines the flow of population.” Wherever the tracks went, development followed, meaning more rides, fares and profits. Sessions succeeded to extend the Route 3 trolley line and by 1909 it stopped at West Lewis and Stephens Streets, right in front of her nursery. The fuse was lit for the Mission Hills boom.

The expansion of the electric streetcar lines from the inner city out into its new suburbs was critical to the growth of Mission Hills. Throughout the United States at this time, the new technology of the street railway, coupled with the advances in sanitary engineering methods, enabled families to move out from the old inner-city boundaries into near vacant and lightly settled land. The streetcar line would serve as quick, reliable transportation to the heart of the city from these subdivisions. John S. Spreckels, a self- proclaimed ‘Capitalist’, bought out and incorporated failed rail lines into his San Diego Electric Railway Company. Spreckels was convinced that the key to profit lay in the proportional increase in the number of passengers as the streetcar system expanded into the suburbs. Spreckels did not wish to control the form and direction of suburban expansion, but rather to leave suburban development to real estate builders and individual homeowners who would buy building materials from his company and obtain building loans from the various banks whose boards he sat on. The success or failure of the streetcar system centered around attempts to provide housing for people, each with a small parcel on which to build a house, achieving what previously had been available only to a few rich families with large houses and ample land.

In response, real estate speculators purchased and subdivided parcels of land along the streetcar routes. Initially, these streetcar lines served to attract prospective property owners to the newly laid-out subdivisions where lots would be auctioned off. Similar to subdivision development today, these developers installed the subdivision’s infrastructure – water and sewer hook-ups, street lighting, curbs, sidewalks, paving, street trees, etc. While several local real estate developers built speculative houses on their tracts to boost sales, most of these developers were interested in selling lots, not homes. It was up to the individual lot buyer to contact an architect or a craftsman/builder to design and construct the home.

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A 1913 lawsuit between Sessions and Mrs. Sara Johnston Cox Miller (who died in September 1909) followed a dispute and appeal that determined that Miller had not agreed to pay Sessions for widening Lewis Street. Apparently, Sessions wanted the new electric cars to run in front of her property (and business) and not down what is now Ft. Stockton Drive (then Getty Street). George Marston was among the citizens who testified during the hearing and he stated, “My recollection is that the street car company did not wish to lay their tracks unless the street was widened and therefore an effort was made to widen it…” Henry L. Miller (Miller’s son) testified, “It did not do us a bit of good to widen Lewis Street. Getti would have been a better street for us” (because the streetcar would have run down Fort Stockton Drive to Sunset Blvd instead of down Fort Stockton Drive west of Lewis Street as it eventually did – and this change would have placed the route in front of the planned subdivision Inspiration Heights).

This legal dispute also meant the re-platting of Mission Hills subdivision map #1115 (filed in 1908 and Inspiration Heights filed in 1909) and this lawsuit prolonged the time before the Mission Hills Syndicate could apply for the subdivision map which was eventually filed on January 20, 1908. In Exhibit A, Sessions (October 16, 1907) wrote a letter to Mrs. Miller and discussed how she envisioned the topography of Mission Hills – she wrote how Mr. Cook will draw the new plat “…he will begin at once to make a survey for the contour lines and accurate platting”. These court documents demonstrate that the widening of future streets was controversial and divided what would become the old guard represented by Miller vs. the new guard represented by Sessions. Personal interest may have dictated the location of the streetcar line.

In a letter from Sarah Johnston Cox to Sessions (c. 1907-1908), “ Bother your boulevards and street widening! I shall sell out to the Nome missing man the moment he returns and throw the lot of you over…

Don’t mourn for me now, and don’t mourn for me never. For I’m going to do nothin’ forever and ever… Rejoice with me Kathleen, and stretch out your hand, for I’m going to get rid of that pesky old land, and don’t think me selfish, don’t say that I am hard, just blame the whole thing on that darned boulevard.”

The remarks about the contouring of streets in these letters (1907-1909) might very well be in alignment with the Nolan Plan (1908) but also place the influence of curving streets in Mission Hills in Kate Session’s hands just as well as Nolan’s.

The July 9, 1909 announcement for the 1915 Panama Pacific Exposition drew builders from around the country to San Diego, creating a building boom that started in 1912 for

9 Mission Hills and lasted to World War One, with the area mostly developed as the United States entered World War Two.

During the early 20th century, most of San Diego’s important architects designed or built houses here, including notables such as Frank P. Allen Jr., Del Harris, Henry Lord Gay, William E. Gibb, Louis Gill, William Templeton Johnson, Walter Keller, Cliff May, Frank Mead, Richard Requa, Henry Preibisius, William S. Hebbard, Robert Raymond, the Quayle Brothers, Emmor Brooke Weaver, Henry J. Lang, Lillian J. Rice, Edward Depew, William Wheeler Sr., William Wahrenberger. Notable master builders such as Wayne McAllister, Richard Hathaway, Martin V. Melhorn, Nathan Rigdon, Morris B. Irvin, Parkinson & Parkinson, Alexander Schreiber, David Owen Dryden, Charles Tifal, Ralph Hurlburt and Frank O. Wells built homes here too. Talented builders such as Chester Eastman, John S. Graves, Robert Hall Orr, Edward L. Rambo, John A. Robinson, as well as building companies such as the Pacific Building Company, A.M. Southard Building Company and Trepte Builders and others built distinctive homes of fine craftsmanship in Mission Hills. Many of these architects and builders lived in Mission Hills, including Allen, Johnson, Requa, Wheeler Sr., Irvin, Melhorn, Rigdon, Schreiber, Graves Robinson, and later, Samuel Hamill and Modernist Architect Homer Delawie.

In 1970, Pioneer Memorial Park was established after the city closed Calvary Cemetery, removed the headstones and developed the land for use as a park but left the bodies for eternity. In 1873, Father Antonio Ubach dedicated Calvary Cemetery. Thousands of Catholics were laid to rest there including Old Town pioneers such as Cave Johnson Couts, the Altamirano and Serrano families, Juanita Wrightington, and aviation pioneer Charles Francis Walsh. Father Ubach was also laid to rest there with other Catholic priests, over 60 Civil War veterans, those in the potter’s field and about 200 infants. Burials continued until 1960. Though the markers were removed, this site remains a burial ground for thousands of souls. Parts of the 1939 WPA adobe wall, that once surrounded the cemetery can still be observed today.

The architecture of Mission Hills ranges from vernacular to spectacular. Styles include bungalow, Craftsman, Mission and Spanish Revival designs. The Midwestern Prairie School genre, popularized by Frank Lloyd Wright and his contemporaries like George W. Maher had a profound influence upon the physical appearance of Mission Hills. There are over 50 Prairie School houses in Mission Hills, more than any other San Diego community. Builders Nathan Rigdon, Morris B. Irvin, Joel E. Brown, Alexander Schreiber, Martin V. Melhorn, Joseph Burness, John A. Robinson, Samuel Calvin and Harry L. Turner embraced a San Diego version of the Prairie School architecture. This indigenous American style embodies a flat or slightly hipped roof with overhanging eaves, smooth stucco finishes, bands of window and horizontality that seems to be an outgrowth from the earth. Following World War Two, there was a significant shift in architectural designs as Delawie, Hamill, Henry Hester, Frank Hope Jr., Frank Liebhardt, Lloyd Ruocco, Sim Bruce Richards and John Lloyd Wright built Modernism homes in the remaining available land, usually along the steep hillsides or in the canyons.

10 During the early 20th century, many leading civic, business leaders and artists called Mission Hills home, including; members of the Kelly family, freeway builder Roscoe E. (“Pappy”) Hazard, Rough-rider Captain Thomas Rynning, tuna industry magnate Wiley Ambrose, District Attorney Stephen Connell, Catholic Bishop Buddy, San Diego Mayors Charles O’Neall, Percy Benbough and John F. Forward Jr., store owner Guilford Whitney, attorney Ralph Jenny, plumbing contractors Fred Heilbron and Calvin Powers, Kate Sessions, her brother Frank Sessions and her nephew, landscape architect Milt Sessions, State Senator Edwin Sample, mortician Claude Woolman, Arthur Hay, the grandson of John H. Hay who served in the McKinley and Lincoln Administrations, capitalist Edward Guymon, aviation pioneer T. Claude Ryan, journalism magnate Colonel Milton McRae as well as middle class residents such as dairy farmer Fred J. Allen, boxer, tavern owner and father to San Diego Mayor Maureen O’Conner, Jermone “The Kid” O’Connor and the family of future State Senator Jim Mills. Several Mission Hills residents had a connection to the Chicago Prairie School, including Frank P. Allen, Clara Sturgis Johnson founder of the Francis Parker School, artist Orlando Giannini who was associated with Frank Lloyd Wright, John Lloyd Wright and Clara Barck Wells, retired founder of Kalo Shops, (Arts & Crafts silversmith).

The Mission Revival 1912 Montclaire and Rigdon Apartment building became the centerpiece of the West Lewis commercial district. Nathan Rigdon and Morris B. Irvin built it for $12,000 as a mixed-use building. Powers Plumbing was established in 1914 downtown by Luther B. Powers. In 1917, Powers Plumbing moved the shop to West Lewis Street and in 1923 commissioned Martin V. Melhorn to build a Spanish Revival building on the corner of West Lewis and Stephens Street.

Along Washington Street, the 1912 Griswold Building and the 1927 Spanish Revival Florence Apartments anchored local businesses. The 1952 modernized Mission Hills Shopping Center was an important shopping center for the community with a Piggly Wiggly, Ace Drug Store and about twenty other businesses.

Mission Hills has three churches and three schools. Clara Sturgis Johnson came to San Diego from the University of Chicago. She followed the progressive educational philosophies of Colonel Francis Parker and established the Francis Parker School in 1912. Her husband, architect William Templeton Johnson designed it. In 1914, S. Grant Elementary School opened. By 1921 it was a beautiful Mission Revival building but was demolished in 1974 and is in the process of another major remodel.

The Mission Hills United Methodist Church began around 1909 in a small “old wooden” building at the corner of Falcon Street and West University. Needing a larger space, architect William E. Gibb designed a Mission Revival church at Lark Street and Fort Stockton Drive for $13,500 in 1914. It features outstanding art glass from the Pasadena firm, Judson Art Studio. Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic Church was built in 1910 as a Mission Revival church at Hawk Street. Unfortunately, it was demolished in 1968. The Mission Hills Congregational Church, now the United Church of Christ, began in 1911 in a redwood board and batten little bungalow chapel along Fort Stockton Drive and Jackdaw Street. In 1921, Louis Gill designed a larger Craftsman style church.

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Mission Hills would continue to evolve over the next 40+ years as it added more subdivisions including; Marine View 1909, Floral Place 1910, Crestline 1911, South Florence Heights 1911, Fort Stockton Heights 1912, Franklin Court 1912, Freemont Heights 1912, Royal Heights 1912, South Florence Heights 1912, Allen Terrace 1913, Avalon Heights 1913, Presidio Ridge 1923, Aloha Court 1924, Longview Manor 1925, Plumosa Terrace 1925, Presidio Hills 1926, Randolph Terrace 1927, Burnett Addition 1951, Mira Dera 1955, Randolph Terrace, Florence Heights, Middletown Addition, Rodefer Hills View Point 1953, Mira Dera 1955 and others.

Mission Hills would play a role during World War Two with many residents doubling up with Navy personal as housing was in great demand. Many residents worked at nearby Consolidated Aircraft. Balboa Park’s Fine Arts Gallery moved temporarily to the 1912 Milo C. Treat mansion (demolished) on Sunset Boulevard as Balboa Park was taken over for military training during the war.

Mission Hills has been written about in novels and seen in movies. The 1953 book entitled The Corpus of Joe Bailey by Oakley Hall was a semi-fictional novel set in Mission Hills. The opening scene of the 2000 film Almost Famous was shot along Arden Way.

Mission Hills continues to be an upscale community that celebrates its rich architectural heritage. Locals value the graceful old houses and businesses thrive here. Many historic sites have been lovingly restored and preserved. In 2007, the City of San Diego designated Mission Hills and Fort Stockton Line Historic Districts, which included over 175 houses and businesses. In June 2014, 99 additional homes were added to the Mission Hills Historic District. The story of Mission Hills and the people who live here continues onward. The dynamic community ambiance embodies a unique sense of history and romantic beginnings at a depth that is irresistible to natives, newcomers and visitors alike.

12 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Identified with persons or events significant in local, state or national history.

The first resident at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive was Katherine Belle Dickson, who lived at the house from 1915 until 1920. She was a tenant. She was born on August 27, 1870 in Michigan. According to the 1880 U.S Census, Katherine was 10 years old and was living with her family in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Her father was Albert Hardy, age 40. The census identified him as a teacher. He was born in Canada. Katherine’s mother was Cordelia Hardy, age 35 years, she was born in New York. Also living with the family was Katherine’s brother Edward L. age 12, brother Charles A. age 6 and little sister Ella, age 5 months.

In 1896, Katherine married Charles Austin Dickson in Lacrosse, Wisconsin. According to the 1900 U.S. Census, Katherine was living with her husband Charles in Sioux City, Iowa where Charles worked as a lawyer. In 1900, they had a daughter, Ruth, age 2 years old. According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Charles was 36 years old, Katherine was 34 years old with no identified profession and Ruth was 12 years old. Also living with the family is Emma D. Hardy, likely Charles’ sister, and she was 40 years old. According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Katherine was living at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive and was a widow living with her father, Albert Hardy, now 80 years old, Katherine’s daughter Ruth Ross, age 21 and Ruth’s daughter, Virginia Ross, age 1 and ½ years, Katherine was now working as a teacher. Katherine moved to 3629 3rd Avenue in 1921. KATHERINE DICKSON OBITUARY APRIL 29, 1957

According to her obituary she taught English for 21 years at San Diego High. She was a member of the University Women’s Club. Her brother Edward was a former president of San Diego State College (San Diego State University), he was the second president at the San Diego Normal

1 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

School and was responsible for its move from downtown to the Montezuma Mesa. She died on April 28, 1957 in San Diego.

The next residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive were renters Charles Henry and Elizabeth L. Martin and their daughter, Madeline. They lived at the house for just one year, 1921. Charles was born on September 17, 1879 in Black Rock, Arkansas. Charles’ father was born in California, his mother was born in Georgia. Elizabeth’s parents were both born in Arkansas. Charles married Elizabeth L. Williams on February 7, 1901 in Black Rock. According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Charles was a bank president in Black Rock. According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Charles’ profession was a bank examiner, Charles was about 40 years old, Elizabeth was about 41 years old and daughter Madeline was 17 years old. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Charles was again a bank president in San Diego. According to his World War Two registration, Charles was President of the Security Trust and Savings Bank and living at 39 G. Street in Chula Vista. He died on October 7, 1949 in San Diego.

CHARLES MARTIN WORLD WAR ONE DRAFT REGISTERATION

Also living at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive in 1921 and in 1922 were owners John H. and Gertrude Crawford. John was born on August 17, 1861 in Morgantown, Indiana. His father was Joshua W.

2 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Crawford and his mother was Ann M. King. Gertrude was born on May 3, 1881 in Terre Haute, Indiana. Her father was Albert P. Kivits and her mother was Mary T. Cramer. Her father was a merchant. Her father was born in Holland, her mother was born in Indiana. John and Gertrude married on April 17, 1911. According to the 1920 U.S. Census, John was now retired and living in Indianapolis, Indiana. After living in San Diego, they must have returned to Indiana. John died on September 9, 1936 in Terre Haute, Indiana and Gertrude died on May 28, 1947 there too.

The next residents at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive was owner Clara Grossmayer and her sisters Dolce and Rachel and their brother, George. The Grossmayers lived at the house from 1923 until 1931. Rachel was born on July 23, 1857, Clara was born on October 22, 1862, Dolce was born on January 3, 1872.

DOLCE GROSSMAYER PIANO LESSONS AT 1770 FORT STOCKTON DRIVE

According to the 1880 U.S. Census, the Grossmayer family was living in Bradford, PA, Nathan was their father, he was 57 years old in 1880 and working as an oil producer. He was born in Bavaria, Germany. Sarah was their mother, she was 52 years old then and was born in Darmstadt, Germany. Her maiden name was Baum. Rachel was 23, Max was 20, Clara was 17, George was 13 and Dolce was 8 years old in 1880. The family identified themselves as Jewish in the Census.

According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Rachel, Clara and Dolce were all living together in Denver, Colorado. Clara is identified as a teacher and Dolce as a music teacher at home. According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Clara was now 57 years old, the Census states that she was born in Hessen Darmstadt, Germany; Rachel was 62 years old; George was 54 years old and Dolce was 47 years old. Her profession is listed as a music teacher. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, the three sisters and one brother were all living together at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive. Rachel was the oldest at 73 years; Clara was 67 years old; George was 64 years old and Dolce was 58 years old. George’s profession was a salesman at a local department store. Dolce was still teaching music. According to an ad in the San Diego Union in 1924, Dolce was a “Teacher of Piano and Harmony”, giving lessons at her home at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive, she is also listed a pupil of Carreno, Joseffy and Rubin Goldmark.

3 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

DOLCE GROSSMAYER PIANO RECITAL, OCTOBER 7, 1921

According to Dolce Grossmayer’s obituary, their father was a prominent philanthropist. In 1865, he helped to get legislation to create the first home for disabled Civic War veterans. In 1883, he also sponsored the first concert by the New York Philharmonic, in Denver. Clara died on May 29, 1934 in San Diego, she was living at 4112 Eagle Street at the time of her death. Dolce died on June 23, 1962, she was living at 536 Maple Street at the time of her death.

4 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

DOLCE GROSSMAYER RADIO CONCERT, SEPTEMBER 15, 1927

5 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

DOLCE GROSSMAYER, PIANO RECITAL, February 1, 1926

The next resident at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive was tenant Edna M. Damon. In 1932, she lived at the house. According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Edna was 30 years old, she was living in Bridgewater, MA and was already a widow. She had married Ambrose H. Damon (born about 1885) on June 8, 1910. Edna’s father was born in Nova Scotia. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Edna was born in Massachusetts; her profession is listed as a dressmaker, Estate Restaurant dressmaking. In 1930, she was living at 818 Fort Stockton Drive.

6 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

The house was vacant in 1933.

DOLCE GROSSMAYER OBITUARY, JUNE 25, 1962

The next residents were renters Harry A. Faulconer, his profession was listed as a special agent in the City Directory and Thomas Nichols and Margaret A. Faulconer and their son, Thomas P. Harry was listed as a resident for only 1934, while Thomas and his family are listed as residents for both 1934 and 1935. Thomas N. Faulconer was born in Danville, Kentucky in 1887, he came to San Diego in 1907 from Butte, Montana to work as a police reporter at the San Diego Union. In 1909, he rose to the rank of assistant city editor at The Tribune and in 1913 he became the executive secretary to the San Diego Park Board. Thomas Nicholas married Margaret Adams in December 1910. He became San Diego Zoo’s first executive director, serving from 1923 to 1925 in that post. During the 1930s, he became a trust officer with the First National Bank, the Union Title Company and the federal government’s Home Owner’s Loan Corporation. He later opened a Point Loma real estate office. Thomas N. Faulconer is credited as building the first house in Point Loma in 1912.

7 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

THOMAS N. FAULCONER AND MARGARET ADAMS WEDDING, DEC. 29, 1910

According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Thomas was age 32. He was born, along with his parents in Kentucky. He was listed as an executive with a local park board. His wife Margaret was listed as 31 years old and she was born in Massachusetts. Their son Thomas P. was age 7. Their son was Thomas Pleasant Faulconer was later a business owner of aerospace parts, Thomas married Barbara Dauchy, the daughter of a prominent Mission Hills family, Samuel Dauchy, the

8 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive announcement in 1936 was at the Dauchy home, a William Templeton Johnson house on Hermosa Way.

THOMAS N. FAULCONER, 1923, SAN DIEGO ZOO’S FIRST DIRECTOR San Diego History Center Photo

THOMAS N. FAULCONER AT THE SAN DIEGO ZOO, 1920s San Diego History Center Photo

9 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

THOMAS N. FAULCONER, OBITUARY JAN. 27, 1984

The next resident at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive was Theodore P. and Marian P. Hall who lived at the house in 1936. The City Directory lists his profession as an engineer with Convair Aircraft Corporation.

10 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

The next residents at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive were Paul George and Viola Helling who lived at the house in 1937. Paul was born on September 7, 1909 in Cleveland, Ohio. According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Paul was working as a clerk with the local gas and oil company. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Paul was listed as a grounds man with the gas company; Viola was about 31 years old and was born in California. They were married on April 8, 1934 in Yuma, Arizona and in 1940 had a son, named Gilbert, age 5. Paul served during World War Two, entering the service on April 7, 1942. He was discharged from the military on October 25, 1945. The house was vacant in 1938.

The next residents were long-time owners Lester “Les” and Sue Earnest, who lived at the house from 1937 until Sue’s death in 2007.

Lester (Les) Elvin Earnest was born on April 24, 1905 in Nebraska. He grew up in North Loup, Nebraska, and Montrose, Colorado. His family moved to San Diego in June 1923. Earnest studied electrical engineering at San Diego State College (now San Diego State University) from 1924-1926, and later, public administration. Earnest married Sue Mable Wolfer on November 22, 1928 in Yuma, Arizona. Sue Earnest (1907-2007) was a professor in the Speech Pathology and Audiology Department at San Diego State College from 1947 to 1973. The Earnests had two children, Lester D. and Patricia (Boyle).

According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Les was 15 years old and living with his family in Colorado. Father Charles was 42 years old and working as a bank president. He was married to Lucy E. age 40; their children were Mildred 19, Nellie 17, Les and Lola L. age 11.

According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Les was now 34 years old and married to Sue age 32, living with them at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive were their children Lester D. age 9, Patricia age 6 and Miller Frances age 22 who is listed as a maid.

Prior to working for the City of San Diego, Les Earnest held management positions at several companies throughout the country. These included Gunnison Homes (a subsidiary of U.S. Steel) in New Albany, Indiana, Solar Aircraft (in both San Diego and Des Moines, Iowa), Tube Turns, Inc. in Louisville, Kentucky, and Fruehauf Trailer Company Ft. Wayne, Indiana. Earnest began his career with the City of San Diego in 1948 and would remain there until his retirement in 1971.

Lester was first hired by the City as Park and Recreation Business Manager, a position he held until 1951. In 1955, he became the City Budget Officer. In 1960, under a special assignment as Assistant to the City Manager, Earnest reorganized and combined the Mission Bay Park and the Park and Recreation Departments. Later that year, Earnest was promoted to Park and Recreation Director. His duties in this role included planning, development, and operation of Mission Bay Park as well as site selection, design, development, and maintenance of parks throughout San Diego. From 1964-1967, Earnest returned to the role of Assistant to the City Manager and served as the Executive Secretary of the Mayor’s Municipal Finance Committee. Earnest’s final position with the City of San Diego was Assistant Community Development Director (1967- 1971). This department was responsible for coordinating Citizen Community Planning and

11 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Development groups as well as Model Cities, Leased Housing, City College Redevelopment, and many other programs that served disadvantaged groups. Earnest also served as San Diego director of the federally funded Urban Observatory research program.

SUE EARNEST, DECEMBER 3, 1935

12 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

RECEPTION AT 1770 FORT STOCKTON DRIVE, 1953

13 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

SUE EARNEST, APRIL 22, 1962

14 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

SUE EARNEST AT HER 1770 FORT STOCKTON DRIVE HOME 1940s WITH HER TWO CHILDREN. Photo: San Diego History Center

15 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST APPOINTED BUDGET OFFICER, JANUARY 11, 1955

16 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES AND SUE EARNEST, DECEMBER 16, 1951

Besides his work for the City of San Diego, Earnest was also a lecturer in the Department of Public Administration and Urban Studies at San Diego State College in the early 1970s and served on the boards of the Conference of National Park Coordinating Associations, the Cabrillo Historical Society, the San Diego Lions Club, and the Blind Recreation Center. Les died on February 27, 2001 while living at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive.

17 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST, OCTOBER 31, 1961

18 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST, MARCH 14, 1963 and APRIL 14, 1964

19 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST, MISSION BAY ARTICLE, 1985

20 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

21 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST UNION LIFE INSURANCE ARTICLE, JULY/AUGUST 1960

22 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNET OBITURAY MARCH 6, 2001

23 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

LES EARNEST, SAN DIEGO HISTORY CENTER QUESTIONNAIRE, 1984

24 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Dr. Sue Earnest (nee Wolfer) was born September 19, 1906 in North Dakota. Her family moved to San Diego when she was four, where she spent most of her life. Earnest received a B.A in 1928 from San Diego State College, as well as an M.A. in 1938 and a Ph.D. in 1947 from the University of Southern California.

SUE EARNEST, 1959 SUE EARNEST WITH SDSU PRESIDENT THOMAS DAY, 1984 SDSU SUE EARNEST ARCHIVES

25 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Sue Earnest married her college sweetheart, Lester Earnest, in 1928. After teaching in local elementary schools, Earnest joined the faculty at Memorial Junior High School in 1934 and taught speech, public address, drama and speech therapy. She adapted and produced six plays during the nine years she spent at Memorial Junior High.

Dr. Earnest joined the faculty at San Diego State College in 1947 as an assistant professor in the English and Psychology departments. In 1948 she became an Associate Professor in the Speech Department and made full professor in 1954. The Speech Arts Department encompassed four areas, Dramatic Arts, Speech Communication, Speech Pathology, Audiology, and Telecommunications and Film. From approximately 1959-1965, Earnest held a special leadership role as professor in charge of Speech Pathology and Audiology.

SUE EARNEST, 1930 Sue Earnest SDSU Archives

26 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Sue chaired the Speech Arts department in 1959-1960 and then again from 1970 until her retirement in 1973. Earnest saw the department through two accreditations, and contributed countless hours of service to San Diego State through a variety of campus organizations after her retirement. Earnest founded the Speech and Hearing Clinic and was the director from 1953-1967. Her work and service inspired many who went on to work in the SDSU and San Diego communities. Her oral history states that she believed that Edward L. Hardy, first President of San Diego State Teachers College, also lived in the house at 1770 Ft. Stockton Drive. No records were found showing his residency there.

Earnest's contributions to the community and San Diego State after her retirement in 1973 are numerous. Her direction at the Speech and Hearing Clinic led to the development of a Speech and Hearing Center for the military at the U.S. Naval Hospital in Balboa Park. She was involved in various organizations, serving as president of the SDSU Alumni Association in 1940, of which she was a lifetime board member after 1948. She organized the first pre-1950's class reunion and located over 700 past alumni in the "lost alumni" campaign. The SDSU Alumni and Associates awarded Earnest in 1973 with the Distinguished Alumnus Award and again in 1998 with the Distinguished Alumni Service award.

SUE EARNEST, WOMAN OF THE YEAR, JANUARY 26, 1961

27 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

SUE EARNEST ORAL HISTORY, SDSU, NOVEMBER 29, 1973

28 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

SUE EARNEST, ORAL HISTORY, SDSU, 1973

29 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

Her involvement in the Mortar Board began in 1950, and prior to her retirement she was Mortar Board's faculty adviser for five years, facilitating the San Diego State Chapter's association with the National Board. In July 2000 the trustees of the National Mortar Board Foundation awarded Earnest as the sixth Distinguished Lifetime Board Member. In 1985 Earnest spearheaded the establishment of the SDSU Faculty and Staff Retirement Association. She was also a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, Pi Kappa Delta (debate), Zeta Phi Eta (speech) and Phi Beta Delta.

Throughout her life, Dr. Earnest traveled the U.S. and all over the world. The list of countries she traveled in include the United States, Australia, Austria, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Sicily, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Scandinavia, Spain, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Indonesia. She passed away on November 8, 2007.

SUE EARNEST, SDSU HOMECOMING 1983 SUE EARNEST SDSU ARCHIVES

30 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

SUE EARNEST’S 100TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION, SEPTEMBER 19, 2007 SUE EARNEST SDSU ARCHIVES

31 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

32 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

33 Criterion B- Informational -Residents of 1770 Fort Stockton Drive

34 Criteria C

George Washington Maher Prairie School designs Pleasant House,1897-99 (top left) James Hall Taylor House, 1911 (top right) Charles R. Erwin House, 1905 (bottom) Criteria D Informational – Builder Samuel Calvin

Representative of the notable work of a master builder, designer, architect, engineer, landscape architect, interior designer, artist or craftsman.

On March 19, 1880, Samuel Calvin was born in Rodman, Pennsylvania. Calvin served in the Spanish-American War from June 21 1898 to November 7, 1898 with an aviation signal corp according to his World War One draft registration.

According to the 1900 U.S. Census, he was a single man living in Hollidayburg, County Blair in Pennsylvania. He was living with his father, Matthew age 53, his mother Mary age 42 and younger brothers Webster age 18, Hayes age 16, King age 11, Matthew age 2 also with Martha Henry age 31 and Susana Henry age 27. Samuel was 19 years old and was listed as “at school”. Both of his parents were also born in Pennsylvania.

According to the 1910 U.S. Census, Calvin was still living in Pennsylvania and was 29 years old and married to Jean C., age 22 years. Calvin listed his occupation as a farmer.

According to the 1911 San Diego City Directory, Samuel Calvin was listed as living in Chula Vista, however, no address or profession was listed. On April 9, 1911, there was an article in the San Diego Union listing Calvin as selling his Chula Vista residence and five acres. According to the 1912 San Diego City Directory, Samuel Calvin was listed as a rancher living in Del Mar. There is no listing for Calvin in the city directory after that. The Prairie School house at 1770 Fort Stockton Drive was built between November, 1912 and early 1913.

1 Criteria D Informational – Builder Samuel Calvin

Calvin also served in World War One from December 15, 1917 to May 15, 1919. He was listed as serving with the 504th Aero Sig Squad and later with the 86th Aero Squad, he rose in rank from serving as a corporal to a sergeant

2 Criteria D Informational – Builder Samuel Calvin

According to the 1920 U.S. Census, Samuel returned to his native Pennsylvania and was living in Hollidayburg, County Blair. He listed himself as an architect and was 38 years old. His wife Jean C. was 31 years old, living with them are their children, Mathew age 9, Donald age 8 and daughter Jean age 3 months.

According to the 1930 U.S. Census, Samuel Calvin was living in Allegany, County Blair, Pennsylvania and listed his profession as a farmer. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, Calvin was living at the same residence in Pennsylvania, with his profession listed as a general foreman and having a college education. No further information was available about Samuel Calvin; however, it did not appear that he returned to San Diego.

3