Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Liver X Receptor Alpha As An
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2 to Modulate Hepatic Lipolysis and Fatty Acid Metabolism
Original article Bioenergetic cues shift FXR splicing towards FXRa2 to modulate hepatic lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism Jorge C. Correia 1,2, Julie Massart 3, Jan Freark de Boer 4, Margareta Porsmyr-Palmertz 1, Vicente Martínez-Redondo 1, Leandro Z. Agudelo 1, Indranil Sinha 5, David Meierhofer 6, Vera Ribeiro 2, Marie Björnholm 3, Sascha Sauer 6, Karin Dahlman-Wright 5, Juleen R. Zierath 3, Albert K. Groen 4, Jorge L. Ruas 1,* ABSTRACT Objective: Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a prominent role in hepatic lipid metabolism. The FXR gene encodes four proteins with structural differences suggestive of discrete biological functions about which little is known. Methods: We expressed each FXR variant in primary hepatocytes and evaluated global gene expression, lipid profile, and metabolic fluxes. Gene À À delivery of FXR variants to Fxr / mouse liver was performed to evaluate their role in vivo. The effects of fasting and physical exercise on hepatic Fxr splicing were determined. Results: We show that FXR splice isoforms regulate largely different gene sets and have specific effects on hepatic metabolism. FXRa2 (but not a1) activates a broad transcriptional program in hepatocytes conducive to lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Consequently, FXRa2 À À decreases cellular lipid accumulation and improves cellular insulin signaling to AKT. FXRa2 expression in Fxr / mouse liver activates a similar gene program and robustly decreases hepatic triglyceride levels. On the other hand, FXRa1 reduces hepatic triglyceride content to a lesser extent and does so through regulation of lipogenic gene expression. Bioenergetic cues, such as fasting and exercise, dynamically regulate Fxr splicing in mouse liver to increase Fxra2 expression. -
Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Activation Via the Liver X-Receptor/Retinoid X-Receptor Pathway
179 Regulation of thyroid hormone activation via the liver X-receptor/retinoid X-receptor pathway Marcelo A Christoffolete*, Ma´rton Doleschall1,*, Pe´ter Egri1, Zsolt Liposits1, Ann Marie Zavacki2, Antonio C Bianco3 and Bala´zs Gereben1 Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre-SP 09210-370, Brazil 1Laboratory of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szigony u. 43, Budapest H-1083, Hungary 2Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts MA 02115, USA 3Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida FL 33136, USA (Correspondence should be addressed to B Gereben; Email: [email protected]) *(M A Christoffolete and M Doleschall contributed equally to this work) (M Doleschall is now at Inflammation Biology and Immungenomics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary) Abstract Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and liver X-receptor (LXR) investigated if 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA), the ligand for are the master regulators of lipid metabolism. Remarkably, a the heterodimeric partner of TR and LXR, RXR, could mouse with a targeted deletion of both LXRa and LXRb is regulate the hDIO2 promoter. Notably, 9-cis RA repressed resistant to western diet-induced obesity, and exhibits ectopic the hDIO2 luciferase reporter (1 mM, approximately four- liver expression of the thyroid hormone activating type 2 fold) in a dose-dependent manner, while coexpression of an deiodinase (D2). We hypothesized that LXR/retinoid inactive mutant RXR abolished this effect. However, it is X-receptor (RXR) signaling inhibits hepatic D2 expression, unlikely that RXR homodimers mediate the repression of and studied this using a luciferase reporter containing the hDIO2 since mutagenesis of a DR-1 at K506 bp did not human DIO2 (hDIO2) promoter in HepG2 cells. -
(LXR/NR1H3) Regulates Differentiation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells Via
Liver X receptor α (LXRα/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4α Kai-Ting Chen, Kelig Pernelle, Yuan-Hau Tsai, Yu-Hsuan Wu, Jui-Yu Hsieh, Ko-Hsun Liao, Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo, Hsei-Wei Wang To cite this version: Kai-Ting Chen, Kelig Pernelle, Yuan-Hau Tsai, Yu-Hsuan Wu, Jui-Yu Hsieh, et al.. Liver X recep- tor α (LXRα/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4α. Journal of Hepatology, Elsevier, 2014, 61 (6), pp.1276-1286. 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.025. hal-01072495 HAL Id: hal-01072495 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01072495 Submitted on 8 Oct 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. This is the author’s final draft post-refeering (post-print) Find more peer-reviewed articles on our open access repository: http://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/ MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED Liver X receptor a (LXRa/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4a Kai-Ting Chen1,2,3, Kelig Pernelle4, Yuan-Hau -
Liver X-Receptors Alpha, Beta (Lxrs Α , Β) Level in Psoriasis
Liver X-receptors alpha, beta (LXRs α , β) level in psoriasis Thesis Submitted for the fulfillment of Master Degree in Dermatology and Venereology BY Mohammad AbdAllah Ibrahim Awad (M.B., B.Ch., Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University) Supervisors Prof. Randa Mohammad Ahmad Youssef Professor of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Prof. Laila Ahmed Rashed Professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Dr. Ghada Mohamed EL-hanafi Lecturer of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Faculty of Medicine Cairo University 2011 ﺑﺴﻢ اﷲ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ اﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ "وﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻲ إﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻮآﻠﺖ وإﻟﻴﻪ أﻧﻴﺐ" (هﻮد، ٨٨) Acknowledgement Acknowledgement First and foremost, I am thankful to God, for without his grace, this work would never have been accomplished. I am honored to have Prof.Dr. Randa Mohammad Ahmad Youssef, Professor of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, as a supervisor of this work. I am so grateful and most appreciative to her efforts. No words can express what I owe her for hers endless patience and continuous advice and support. My sincere appreciation goes to Dr. Ghada Mohamed EL-hanafi, Lecturer of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, for her advice, support and supervision during the course of this study. I am deeply thankful to Dr. Laila Ahmed Rashed, Assistant professor of biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, for her immense help, continuous support and encouragement. Furthermore, I wish to express my thanks to all my professors, my senior staff members, my wonderful friends and colleagues for their guidance and cooperation throughout the conduction of this work. Finally, I would like to thank my father who was very supportive and encouraging. -
Chain Hydroxycholesterols in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Oncogene (2021) 40:2872–2883 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-021-01720-w ARTICLE Liver x receptor alpha drives chemoresistance in response to side- chain hydroxycholesterols in triple negative breast cancer 1,2 1 1 3 1 Samantha A. Hutchinson ● Alex Websdale ● Giorgia Cioccoloni ● Hanne Røberg-Larsen ● Priscilia Lianto ● 4 5 1 5 4 4 Baek Kim ● Ailsa Rose ● Chrysa Soteriou ● Arindam Pramanik ● Laura M. Wastall ● Bethany J. Williams ● 6 6 6 1 6,7,8,9,10 Madeline A. Henn ● Joy J. Chen ● Liqian Ma ● J. Bernadette Moore ● Erik Nelson ● 5,11 1,11 Thomas A. Hughes ● James L. Thorne Received: 6 August 2020 / Revised: 15 February 2021 / Accepted: 18 February 2021 / Published online: 19 March 2021 © The Author(s) 2021. This article is published with open access Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging to treat successfully because targeted therapies do not exist. Instead, systemic therapy is typically restricted to cytotoxic chemotherapy, which fails more often in patients with elevated circulating cholesterol. Liver x receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are homeostatic regulators of cholesterol, and are linked to regulation of broad-affinity xenobiotic transporter activity in non-tumor tissues. We show that 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: LXR ligands confer chemotherapy resistance in TNBC cell lines and xenografts, and that LXRalpha is necessary and sufficient to mediate this resistance. Furthermore, in TNBC patients who had cancer recurrences, LXRalpha and ligands were independent markers of poor prognosis and correlated with P-glycoprotein expression. However, in patients who survived their disease, LXRalpha signaling and P-glycoprotein were decoupled. These data reveal a novel chemotherapy resistance mechanism in this poor prognosis subtype of breast cancer. -
Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism
University of Southern Denmark Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism Præstholm, Stine M.; Correia, Catarina M.; Grøntved, Lars Published in: Frontiers in Endocrinology DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572981 Publication date: 2020 Document version: Final published version Document license: CC BY Citation for pulished version (APA): Præstholm, S. M., Correia, C. M., & Grøntved, L. (2020). Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, [572981]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.572981 Go to publication entry in University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal Terms of use This work is brought to you by the University of Southern Denmark. Unless otherwise specified it has been shared according to the terms for self-archiving. If no other license is stated, these terms apply: • You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details and we will investigate your claim. Please direct all enquiries to [email protected] Download date: 29. Sep. 2021 REVIEW published: 08 October 2020 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572981 Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism Stine M. Præstholm †, Catarina M. Correia † and Lars Grøntved* Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Glucocorticoids (GCs) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are important regulators of development, inflammation, stress response and metabolism, demonstrated in various diseases including Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome and by the many side effects of prolonged clinical administration of GCs. -
Liver X Receptors: a Possible Link Between Lipid Disorders and Female Infertility
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Liver X Receptors: A Possible Link between Lipid Disorders and Female Infertility Sarah Dallel 1,2,3, Igor Tauveron 1,3, Florence Brugnon 4,5, Silvère Baron 1,2,*, Jean Marc A. Lobaccaro 1,2,* ID and Salwan Maqdasy 1,2,3 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, Place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (I.T.); [email protected] (S.M.) 2 Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d’Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France 3 Service d’Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Clermont Ferrand, Hôpital Gabriel Montpied, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France 4 Université Clermont Auvergne, ImoST, INSERM U1240, 58, rue Montalembert, BP184, F63005 Clermont-Ferrand, France; [email protected] 5 CHU Clermont Ferrand, Assistance Médicale à la Procréation-CECOS, Hôpital Estaing, Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand CEDEX 1, France * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (J.M.A.L.); Tel.: +33-473-407-412 (S.B.); +33-473-407-416 (J.M.A.L.) Received: 6 July 2018; Accepted: 19 July 2018; Published: 25 July 2018 Abstract: A close relationship exists between cholesterol and female reproductive physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is crucial for steroid synthesis by ovary and placenta, and primordial for cell structure during folliculogenesis. Furthermore, oxysterols, cholesterol-derived ligands, play a potential role in oocyte maturation. Anomalies of cholesterol metabolism are frequently linked to infertility. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms. -
African-Centric TP53 Variant Increases Iron Accumulation and Bacterial Pathogenesis but Improves Response to Malaria Toxin
ARTICLE There are amendments to this paper https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-14151-9 OPEN African-centric TP53 variant increases iron accumulation and bacterial pathogenesis but improves response to malaria toxin Kumar Sachin Singh1,8, Julia I-Ju Leu2,8, Thibaut Barnoud3,8, Prashanthi Vonteddu1, Keerthana Gnanapradeepan3,4, Cindy Lin5, Qin Liu 3, James C. Barton6, Andrew V. Kossenkov7, Donna L. George2,9*, Maureen E. Murphy3,9* & Farokh Dotiwala 1,9* 1234567890():,; A variant at amino acid 47 in human TP53 exists predominantly in individuals of African descent. P47S human and mouse cells show increased cancer risk due to defective ferrop- tosis. Here, we show that this ferroptotic defect causes iron accumulation in P47S macro- phages. This high iron content alters macrophage cytokine profiles, leads to higher arginase level and activity, and decreased nitric oxide synthase activity. This leads to more productive intracellular bacterial infections but is protective against malarial toxin hemozoin. Proteomics of macrophages reveal decreased liver X receptor (LXR) activation, inflammation and anti- bacterial defense in P47S macrophages. Both iron chelators and LXR agonists improve the response of P47S mice to bacterial infection. African Americans with elevated saturated transferrin and serum ferritin show higher prevalence of the P47S variant (OR = 1.68 (95%CI 1.07–2.65) p = 0.023), suggestive of its role in iron accumulation in humans. This altered macrophage phenotype may confer an advantage in malaria-endemic sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. 2 Department of Genetics, The Raymond and Ruth Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. -
Intestinal Toxicity of the Type B Trichothecene Mycotoxin Fusarenon-X
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Intestinal toxicity of the type B trichothecene mycotoxin fusarenon-X: whole transcriptome Received: 4 April 2017 Accepted: 23 June 2017 profling reveals new signaling Published online: 8 August 2017 pathways Imourana Alassane-Kpembi1,2, Juliana Rubira Gerez1,3, Anne-Marie Cossalter1, Manon Neves1, Joëlle Laftte1, Claire Naylies1, Yannick Lippi 1, Martine Kolf-Clauw1,4, Ana Paula L. Bracarense3, Philippe Pinton1 & Isabelle P. Oswald 1 The few data available on fusarenon-X (FX) do not support the derivation of health-based guidance values, although preliminary results suggest higher toxicity than other regulated trichothecenes. Using histo-morphological analysis and whole transcriptome profling, this study was designed to obtain a global view of the intestinal alterations induced by FX. Deoxynivalenol (DON) served as a benchmark. FX induced more severe histological alterations than DON. Infammation was the hallmark of the molecular toxicity of both mycotoxins. The benchmark doses for the up-regulation of key infammatory genes by FX were 4- to 45-fold higher than the previously reported values for DON. The transcriptome analysis revealed that both mycotoxins down-regulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and liver X receptor - retinoid X receptor (LXR-RXR) signaling pathways that control lipid metabolism. Interestingly, several pathways, including VDR/RXR activation, ephrin receptor signaling, and GNRH signaling, were specifc to FX and thus discriminated the transcriptomic fngerprints of the two mycotoxins. These results demonstrate that FX induces more potent intestinal infammation than DON. Moreover, although the mechanisms of toxicity of both mycotoxins are similar in many ways, this study emphasize specifc pathways targeted by each mycotoxin, highlighting the need for specifc mechanism-based risk assessments of Fusarium mycotoxins. -
(LXRα/NR1H3) Regulates Differentiation of Hepatocyte-Like
Research Article Liver X receptor a (LXRa/NR1H3) regulates differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells via reciprocal regulation of HNF4a Kai-Ting Chen1,2,3, Kelig Pernelle4, Yuan-Hau Tsai2, Yu-Hsuan Wu2, Jui-Yu Hsieh2, Ko-Hsun Liao2, ⇑ Christiane Guguen-Guillouzo4,5, Hsei-Wei Wang1,2,6,7, 1Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; 2Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 3Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 4Inserm UMR 991, Université de Rennes 1, Faculté de médecine, F-35043 Rennes cedex, France; 5Biopredic international, Parc d’activité Bretèche batA4, 35760 Saint-Grégoire, France; 6YM-VGH Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; 7Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Background & Aims: Hepatocyte-like cells, differentiated from Introduction different stem cell sources, are considered to have a range of pos- sible therapeutic applications, including drug discovery, meta- Liver development depends on a complex network, requiring sev- bolic disease modelling, and cell transplantation. However, little eral growth factors, genetic homeostasis and cell-extracellular is known about how stem cells differentiate into mature and matrix interactions [1]. Identifying the hepatogenesis-promoting functional hepatocytes. factors, favouring liver development, is thought to be essential for Methods: Using transcriptomic screening, a transcription factor, liver regeneration and could improve hepatocyte transplantation liver X receptor a (NR1H3), was identified as increased during for end-stage liver disease [2]. Different sources of progenitor HepaRG cell hepatogenesis; this protein was also upregulated cells have been investigated as potential sources for hepatic dif- during embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell ferentiation, including human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiation. -
Critical Role of PA28 in Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Steatogenesis And
Critical role of PA28␥ in hepatitis C virus-associated steatogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis Kohji Moriishi*, Rika Mochizuki*, Kyoji Moriya†, Hironobu Miyamoto*, Yoshio Mori*, Takayuki Abe*, Shigeo Murata‡, Keiji Tanaka‡, Tatsuo Miyamura§, Tetsuro Suzuki§, Kazuhiko Koike†, and Yoshiharu Matsuura*¶ *Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; †Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; ‡Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan; and §Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan Edited by Peter Palese, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, and approved December 1, 2006 (received for review August 23, 2006) Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease that the synthesis and uptake of cholesterol, fatty acids, triglycerides, and frequently leads to steatosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocel- phospholipids. Biosynthesis of cholesterol is regulated by SREBP-2, lular carcinoma (HCC). HCV core protein is not only a component of whereas that of fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids is viral particles but also a multifunctional protein because liver regulated by SREBP-1c (10–14). In chimpanzees, host genes in- steatosis and HCC are developed in HCV core gene-transgenic volved in SREBP signaling are induced during the early stages of (CoreTg) mice. Proteasome activator PA28␥/REG␥ regulates host HCV infection (8). SREBP-1c regulates the transcription of acetyl- and viral proteins such as nuclear hormone receptors and HCV core CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase, protein. Here we show that a knockout of the PA28␥ gene induces leading to the production of saturated and monounsaturated fatty the accumulation of HCV core protein in the nucleus of hepatocytes acids and triglycerides (15).