DOCSLIB.ORG

Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. Discus) Growth Under Low-Salinity Stress After Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia Cava Disuse (ECD) As Feed Additives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. Discus) Growth Under Low-Salinity Stress After Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia Cava Disuse (ECD) As Feed Additives Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. discus) Growth under Low-Salinity Stress after Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse (ECD) as Feed Additives Min-Seok Jwa 1 and Chang-Yu Hong 2,* 1 Department of Future Strategy Research, Jeju Research Institute, Busan 63147, Korea; [email protected] 2 Division of Global & Interdisciplinary Studies, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-51-629-5623 Abstract: This study addressed the effects of adding citrus peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse extract (ECD) in the diet of abalones, which are a highly utilized marine species in Korea. As interest in abalone farming is increasing around the fishing community, the installation of land tanks and fish farms on the southern coast and Jeju Island in South Korea is spreading remarkably. In order to create the best opportunities for survival and reproduction, immunity to disease, and growth potential of abalones, we must consider the diet implemented in abalone farming. The survival rate of abalone has shown positive results when their diet is supplemented with CP and ECD. Our research also concluded that the addition of ECD may have a significant effect on the abalone growth and physiology. Keywords: Abalone (H. discus); Ecklonia cava; citrus peel; low salinity; survival rate; diets Citation: Jwa, M.-S.; Hong, C.-Y. Prospecting the Effects on Abalone (H. discus) Growth under Low-Salinity 1. Introduction Stress after Feeding Citrus Peel (CP) and Ecklonia cava disuse (ECD) as As interest in abalone marine life has increased, means of catching and storing them Feed Additives. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, have also become significantly more common along the southern coast of South Korea [1]. 9, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse Abalone (H. discus) is rich in protein and taurine, so it has benefits when used in skin care, 9070707 postpartum cooking, fatigue recovery, and in the prevention of myocardial infarction. Making a suitable environment for abalone is the most important consideration. An Academic Editor: Gualtiero Basilone ideal environment can potentially aid in growth and their ability to fight off disease. For these benefits, the feeding supply should also be considered. Unlike the environment and Received: 8 May 2021 the sources of diseases, which cannot be controlled totally at the farm, diets are under Accepted: 24 June 2021 full control. Published: 26 June 2021 In particular, diet is an important factor that accounts for more than half of the operating costs of aquaculture [2]. It is one of the more important factors that can be Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral modified artificially. with regard to jurisdictional claims in Raw seaweed and raw kelp are supplied as food in abalone aquaculture. The supply published maps and institutional affil- of these natural foods is not only unstable, depending on the crop conditions, but the price iations. fluctuations are also severe and the effect on growth is reported to be lower than that of nurtured feeds [3–6]. Accordingly, some studies on the development of abalone feed have already been carried out in some countries such as Australia, China, Japan, Chile [7–11]. These researchers aim to develop economically blended feeds suitable for the domestic Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. aquacultural situation. Citrus peel, which is produced in the citrus agriculture industry—a Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. major primary industry in Jeju Island, is a byproduct generated after processing citrus This article is an open access article fruits. It is a great financial burden for the agricultural households of Jeju because it costs a distributed under the terms and lot to dispose of citrus peel. conditions of the Creative Commons Citrus fruits are known to contain various flavonoid compounds, which are polyphe- Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// nols, such as naringin, hesperidin, naringenin, hesperetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin; thus, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ they have good physiological activity [12,13]. It has also been reported that citrus peel, a 4.0/). J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 707. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070707 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jmse J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 707 2 of 10 byproduct of citrus fruits, contain a large amount of flavonoids and thus have antioxidant activity. Research to extract these functional substances is being actively conducted [14]. In addition, Ecklonia cava is a perennial brown algae belonging to the taxonomic rank Phaeophyta, Phaeophyceae, Laminariales, Laminariaceae. It is one of the largest seaweed species in Korea, along with other members of the genus Ecklonia. As phlorotannin is known to have excellent antioxidant, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, and anticancer properties, it is emerging as an important ingredient in the “health food” and pharmaceuti- cal industries [15,16]. However, because the Ecklonia stalk, which accounts for approximately 25% of Ecklonia cava weight, is discarded without being used as a processing byproduct, a method of utilization is required. Because polyphenolic substances have been reported to impart high antioxidant activity in the stems of Ecklonia cava [17], we expect the use of Ecklonia byproducts in the feed of abalones, which contain seaweed, to create new added value as well as aid environmental preservation. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of citrus fruit and Ecklonia byproducts, on growth and salinity stress, as additives for abalone blended feed, which is a major aquaculture target species in Korea. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Experimental Materials and Breeding Management The abalone (H. discus) used in the experiment was purchased and used at a private marine life farm near Jeju City, Jeju Province. Individual abalones with an average length of 3.8 ± 0.2 cm, a width of 2.5 ± 0.2 cm, and a weight of 6.4 ± 0.1 g were used. The experimental abalones were bred at 18 ± 0.3 ◦C for one week beforehand, and after they were acclimatized, bred in a tank with a circulatory filtration system. At this time, the salinity was maintained at approximately 33.5 psu and air was supplied by putting a shelter through a PVC pipe that was cut vertically (Æ 20 cm, L 20 cm). During the preliminary breeding period, raw seaweed, weighing 2% of the abalone weight, was put in the tank as a food source and 80 abalones were placed in each tank. 2.2. Production of Feed for Abalones In this breeding experiment, a total of four types of feed were prepared and each experimental group had three replicates. Casein was used as the main protein source, and fish oil and soybean were used as the dextrin lipid sources. The amount of carbohydrate sources was controlled using oil, and wheat flour was added to control the change in carbohydrates that occurred because of the citrus peel (CP) and the fermented Ecklonia cava disuse extract (ECD). For the test feed, the test feed was added so that the concentration of CP and ECD was 6% and mixed at a ratio of 1:1. The composition of the experimental feed is shown in Table1. 2.3. Survival Rate and Growth Rate Measurement Experiment According to Feed To measure the survival rates, abalones that naturally died at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 were recorded in a timely manner. The dead abalones that were not attached to the shelter or tank wall were counted. Subjects that did not respond even when their feet and tentacles were stimulated with a glass rod were considered dead. In addition, to measure the growth of the abalones, we measured their change in size immediately after the start of the experiment, and on the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. A digit caliper (0.01 mm) was used for the shell length and shell width (Figure1), and a mobile scale (0.01 g) was used for the weight. Following the addition of ECD and CP to the abalone diet, the differences in growth were then compared and analyzed. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 707 3 of 11 J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9, 707 3 of 10 Casein 20 20 20 20 Sodium alginate 23 23 23 23 Mineral 4 4 4 4 Table 1. Ingredients (%) of the experimental diets. Vitamin 2 2 2 2 Choline 0.5 0.5 Experimental Diets0.5 (%) 0.5 Soybean oil Ingredients1.5 1.5 Control CP1.5 ECD1.5 ECD + CP Fish oil CP2 (Citrus Peel)2 62 2 3 Total ECD (100.0Ecklonia cava disuse) 100.0 100.0 6100.0 3 Proximate analysis (%) Fish meal 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 Crude protein 28.8Dextrin 28.8 25 2528.5 2528.6 25 Crude lipid 1.47Wheat flour2.22 6.5 0.51.77 0.51.99 0.5 Casein 20 20 20 20 Crude carbohydrate 4.97 5.72 5.27 5.49 Sodium alginate 23 23 23 23 Mineral 4 4 4 4 2.3. SurvivalVitamin Rate and Growth Rate Measurement 2 Experiment 2 According 2 to Feed 2 To measureCholine the survival rates, 0.5 abalones that naturally 0.5 died at 0.5 weeks 0, 1, 2, 0.5 3, 4, 8, and 12 wereSoybean recorded oil in a timely manner. 1.5 The dead 1.5 abalones that 1.5 were not attached 1.5 to the shelter orFish tank oil wall were counted. 2 Subjects that 2did not respond 2 even when their 2 feet and tentaclesTotal were stimulated with 100.0 a glass rod 100.0were considered 100.0 dead. In addition, 100.0 to measure the growth of the abalones, we measured their change in size immediately after Proximate analysis (%) the start of the experiment, and on the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Values of Seaweeds
    Medicinal Values of Seaweeds Authors Abdul Kader Mohiuddin Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, World University, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh Publication Month and Year: November 2019 Pages: 69 E-BOOK ISBN: 978-81-943354-3-6 Academic Publications C-11, 169, Sector-3, Rohini, Delhi Website: www.publishbookonline.com Email: [email protected] Phone: +91-9999744933 Page | 1 Page | 2 Medicinal Values of Seaweeds Abstract The global economic effect of the five driving chronic diseases- malignancy, diabetes, psychological instability, CVD, and respiratory disease- could reach $47 trillion throughout the following 20 years, as indicated by an examination by the World Economic Forum (WEF). As per the WHO, 80% of the total people principally those of developing countries depend on plant- inferred medicines for social insurance. The indicated efficacies of seaweed inferred phytochemicals are demonstrating incredible potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and a few cancers. Hence, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have indicated a developing enthusiasm for these offbeat nourishments with wellbeing advancing impacts. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of intrigue in view of their incentive in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain a few bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have useful wellbeing properties. People devour seaweed as nourishment in different structures: crude as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or improved jams and furthermore cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood just as propelling their lives. In 2005, world seaweed generation totaled 14.7 million tons which has dramatically increased (30.4 million tons) in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Large Body Size in Abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and Implications
    Paleobiology, 31(4), 2005, pp. 591±606 Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications James A. Estes, David R. Lindberg, and Charlie Wray Abstract.ÐKelps and other ¯eshy macroalgaeÐdominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool seasÐ may have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60±75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosys- tems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our ®ndings support the view that ¯eshy-algal dominated ecosys- tems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients As Used in Cosmetics
    Safety Assessment of Brown Algae-Derived Ingredients as Used in Cosmetics Status: Draft Report for Panel Review Release Date: August 29, 2018 Panel Meeting Date: September 24-25, 2018 The 2018 Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel members are: Chair, Wilma F. Bergfeld, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Donald V. Belsito, M.D.; Ronald A. Hill, Ph.D.; Curtis D. Klaassen, Ph.D.; Daniel C. Liebler, Ph.D.; James G. Marks, Jr., M.D.; Ronald C. Shank, Ph.D.; Thomas J. Slaga, Ph.D.; and Paul W. Snyder, D.V.M., Ph.D. The CIR Executive Director is Bart Heldreth, Ph.D. This report was prepared by Lillian C. Becker, former Scientific Analyst/Writer and Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer. © Cosmetic Ingredient Review 1620 L Street, NW, Suite 1200 ♢ Washington, DC 20036-4702 ♢ ph 202.331.0651 ♢ fax 202.331.0088 [email protected] Distributed for Comment Only -- Do Not Cite or Quote Commitment & Credibility since 1976 Memorandum To: CIR Expert Panel Members and Liaisons From: Priya Cherian, Scientific Analyst/Writer Date: August 29, 2018 Subject: Safety Assessment of Brown Algae as Used in Cosmetics Enclosed is the Draft Report of 83 brown algae-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. (It is identified as broalg092018rep in this pdf.) This is the first time the Panel is reviewing this document. The ingredients in this review are extracts, powders, juices, or waters derived from one or multiple species of brown algae. Information received from the Personal Care Products Council (Council) are attached: • use concentration data of brown algae and algae-derived ingredients (broalg092018data1, broalg092018data2, broalg092018data3); • Information regarding hydrolyzed fucoidan extracted from Laminaria digitata has been included in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Biologically Active Compounds in Seaweed Extracts Useful in Animal Diet
    20 The Open Conference Proceedings Journal, 2012, 3, (Suppl 1-M4) 20-28 Open Access Biologically Active Compounds in Seaweed Extracts - the Prospects for the Application Katarzyna Chojnacka*, Agnieszka Saeid, Zuzanna Witkowska and Łukasz Tuhy Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers, Wroclaw University of Technology ul. Smoluchowskiego 25, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland Abstract: The paper covers the latest developments in research on the utilitarian properties of algal extracts. Their appli- cation as the components of pharmaceuticals, feeds for animals and fertilizers was discussed. The classes of various bio- logically active compounds were characterized in terms of their role and the mechanism of action in an organism of hu- man, animal and plant. Recently, many papers have been published which discuss the methods of manufacture and the composition of algal ex- tracts. The general conclusion is that the composition of extracts strongly depends on the raw material (geographical loca- tion of harvested algae and algal species) as well as on the extraction method. The biologically active compounds which are transferred from the biomass of algae to the liquid phase include polysaccharides, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids, pigments, polyphenols, minerals, plant growth hormones and other. They have well documented beneficial effect on humans, animals and plants, mainly by protection of an organism from biotic and abiotic stress (antibacterial activity, scavenging of free radicals, host defense activity etc.) and can be valuable components of pharmaceuticals, feed additives and fertilizers. Keywords: Algal extracts, feed additives, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, biologically active compounds. 1. INTRODUCTION was paid to biologically active compounds, useful as the components of pharmaceuticals, feeds and fertilizers.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Rates of Haliotis Rufescens and Haliotis Discus Hannai in Tank Culture Systems in Southern Chile (41.5ºS)
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 41(5): 959-967,Growth 2013 rates of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai 959 DOI: 103856/vol41-issue5-fulltext-14 Research Article Growth rates of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai in tank culture systems in southern Chile (41.5ºS) Alfonso Mardones,1 Alberto Augsburger1, Rolando Vega1 & Patricio de Los Ríos-Escalante2,3 1Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile 2Laboratorio de Ecología Aplicada y Biodiversidad, Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile. 3Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile ABSTRACT. The increased activity of aquaculture in Chile involves cultivation of salmonids, oysters mussels and other species such, and to a lesser extent species such as red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and Japanese abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth rate of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai fed with different pellet based diets with Macrocystis sp. and Ulva sp., grown in ponds for 13 months. The results for both species denoted that there was an increase in length and biomass during experimental period, existing low growth rates during the austral winter (July-September) and increase during the austral summer (December-January). Results are consistent with descriptions of literature that there is high rate of growth during the summer and using diet of brown algae. From the economic standpoint abalone farming would be an economically viable activity for local aquaculture, considering the water quality and food requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Shelled Molluscs
    Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • View Article: Open Access
    Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Research JPDR, 3(2): 276-310 ISSN: 2640-6152 www.scitcentral.com Review Article: Open Access Therapeutic Values of Microalgae: A Comprehensive Review Abdul Kader Mohiuddin* *Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust, Tejgaon, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Received November 14, 2019; Accepted November 19, 2019; Published March 26, 2020 ABSTRACT The global economic effect of the five driving chronic diseases — malignancy, diabetes, psychological instability, CVD and respiratory disease — could reach $47 trillion throughout the following 20 years, as indicated by an examination by the World Economic Forum (WEF). As per the WHO, 80% of the total people principally those of developing countries depend on plant-inferred medicines for social insurance. The indicated efficacies of seaweed inferred phytochemicals are demonstrating incredible potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and a few cancers. Hence, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have indicated a developing enthusiasm for these offbeat nourishments with well-being advancing impacts. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of intrigue in view of their incentive in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain a few bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols and pigments, all of which may have useful wellbeing properties. People devour seaweed as nourishment in different structures: crude as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or improved jams and furthermore cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood just as propelling their lives. In 2005, world seaweed generation totaled 14.7 million tons which has dramatically increased (30.4 million tons) in 2015. The present market worth is almost $6.5 billion and is anticipated to arrive at some $9 billion in the seaweed global market by 2024.
    [Show full text]
  • Antioxidative Properties of Brown Algae Polyphenolics and Their Perspectives As Chemopreventive Agents Against Vascular Risk Factors
    Arch Pharm Res Vol 26, No 4, 286-293, 2003 http://apr.psk.or.kr Antioxidative Properties of Brown Algae Polyphenolics and Their Perspectives as Chemopreventive Agents Against Vascular Risk Factors Keejung Kang , Yongju Park, Hye Jeong Hwang, Seong Ho Kim, Jeong Gu Lee1, and Hyeon-Cheol Shin Laboratory of Aging and Degenerative Diseases, Hanbat National University, Dukmyung-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Dae- jeon 305-719, Korea and 1Department of Urology, Korea University, Anam Hospital, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ka, Sung- buk-ku, Seoul 136-705, Korea (Received January 27, 2003) Several polyphenolic compounds and complex mixtures were isolated from brown algae spe- cies. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydarzyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of these compounds were evaluated to determine their physiologi- cal usefulness as antioxidants for vascular protection. The antioxidative protection of low-den- sity lipoprotein (LDL) was also evaluated and compared with that of catechin, because the generation of oxidized LDL is one of the most active and specific risk factors contributing to atherogenesis. Oral administration to rats of a commercially available sample (VNPTM) contain- ing 30% of these polyphenolic compounds and 70% dietary fiber revealed that the serum reducing capacity measured in terms of FRAP value was significantly elevated 30 min after the treatment, but declined rather quickly thereafter, indicating the good oral absorption of the compounds and their fast binding to the lumenal surface of the blood vessels. An eight-week, human, clinical trial (n=31) of VNPTM showed significant improvement in erectile function mea- sured by IIEF (international index of erectile function) score.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquaculture Environment Interactions 11:129
    Vol. 11: 129–142, 2019 AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS Published March 28 https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00300 Aquacult Environ Interact OPENPEN ACCESSCCESS Anti-predator response of Haliotis tuberculata is modified after only one generation of domestication Sabine Roussel1,*, Thomas Bisch1,2, Sébastien Lachambre1,3, Pierre Boudry4, Jean-Lou Gervois3, Christophe Lambert1, Sylvain Huchette3, Rob Day5 1Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France 2AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 3France Haliotis, 29880 Plouguerneau, France 4Ifremer, Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, 29280 Plouzané, France 5School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia ABSTRACT: Domestication of Haliotis tuberculata has only recently begun. During the process, we expect that behavioural and physiological traits may evolve to become more adapted to their captive environment. These modifications may result from intentional selection of production traits or unconscious and unintentional selection due to conditions experienced in the farm envi- ronment. To study this process at the earliest stage, the progeny of 3 different broodstocks obtained from wild parents, selected farmed abalone and randomly sampled farmed abalone, were studied. After rearing for 16 mo in separate tanks, offspring from the 3 progenies were placed together in sea cages at the same density. After 3 yr, behavioural traits were studied, and the immune status after a stress situation was assessed. Mortality and growth were also recorded. In spite of the fact that no significant differences were observed in survival, growth or immune sta- tus traits between the 3 progenies, less progeny from the selected broodstock performed the com- plete sequence of anti-predation behaviour, and they took more time to reach their hides com- pared to the wild progeny.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Algae: an Extensive Review of Medicinal & Therapeutic Interests
    Symbiosis www.symbiosisonlinepublishing.com ISSN Online: 2475-4706 Review Article International Journal of Marine Biology and Research Open Access Marine Algae: An Extensive Review of Medicinal & Therapeutic Interests Abdul Kader Mohiuddin* Secretary & Treasurer, Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust Received: September 09, 2019; Accepted: September 23, 2019; Published: October 04, 2019 *Corresponding author: Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, Secretary & Treasurer Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh, Contact: +8801716477485, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The global economic impact of the five leading chronic diseases — cancer, diabetes, mental illness, CVD, and respiratory disease — could reach $47 trillion over the next 20 years, according to a study by the World Economic Forum (WEF). According to the WHO, 80% of the world’s population primarily those of developing countries rely on plant-derived medicines for healthcare. The purported efficacies of seaweed derived phytochemicals is showing great potential in obesity, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, CVD, IBD, sexual dysfunction and some cancers. Therefore, WHO, UN-FAO, UNICEF and governments have shown a growing interest in these unconventional foods with health-promoting effects. Edible marine macro-algae (seaweed) are of interest because of their value in nutrition and medicine. Seaweeds contain several bioactive substances like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, and pigments, all of which may have beneficial health properties. People consume seaweed as food in various forms: raw as salad and vegetable, pickle with sauce or with vinegar, relish or sweetened jellies and also cooked for vegetable soup. By cultivating seaweed, coastal people are getting an alternative livelihood as well as advancing their lives. In 2005, world seaweed production totaled 14.7 million tons which has more than doubled (30.4 million tons) in 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Confused About Supplements?
    https://examine.com/supplements/ecklonia-cava/#ref61 Ecklonia Cava is a brown seaweed with a rich polyphenolic content (this particular subset being known as eckols or phlorotannins) that confers anti-oxidant properties, it is being investigated for health properties. This page features 65 unique references to scientific papers. History Discussion Summary Things To Know How To Take Human Effect Matrix Scientific Research Citations Summary All Essential Benefits/Effects/Facts & Information Ecklonia Cava is a type of seaweed which is known to be one of the highest sources of phloroglucinols, a type of antioxidant compound that appears to be unique to sea plants. The phloroglucinols appear to be very potent anti-oxidants, and these benefits have been noted after oral ingestion as well. That being said, the potency of Phloroglucinols being anti-oxidants seems to be a bit separate from the magnitude of benefit one gets from ingesting these compounds. Benefits have been noted on Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose, and Inflammation but for the most part these are statistically sound but practically small benefits. The current human evidence is unconvincing for the most part, although these compounds and seaweed are undoubtedly 'healthy' as a general statement. Other effects that seem interesting for Ecklonia Cava are an apparently anti-allergic potential that is not highly explored, and there appears to be some anti-cancer properties as well (mostly tested in regards to melanoma). Topical application of Ecklonia is one of a few compounds that can enhance hair growth, and it appears to be novel in the sense that it both inhibits androgen-induced hair loss and also directly enhances hair growth (so it, by itself, appears to be some form of combination therapy).
    [Show full text]