Radula Development in Abalone Haliotis Discus Hannai from Larva to Adult in Relation to Feeding Transitions

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Radula Development in Abalone Haliotis Discus Hannai from Larva to Adult in Relation to Feeding Transitions FISHERIES SCIENCE 2001; 67: 596–605 Original Article Radula development in abalone Haliotis discus hannai from larva to adult in relation to feeding transitions Tomohiko KAWAMURA,*1a Hideki TAKAMI,1 Rodney D ROBERTS2 AND Yoh YAMASHITA1 1Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001, Japan and 2Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand ABSTRACT: The radula morphology of Haliotis discus hannai was examined by scanning elec- tron microscope from the larval to the adult stage. The radula of competent larvae contained 11–13 transverse rows of teeth after 6–7 days at 20°C. The number of rows increased to 25–30 during the first several days after settlement, but then remained approximately constant throughout the post- larval period, increasing again in abalone larger than 4 mm in shell length (SL). In post-larvae <~1 mm SL, only two pairs of lateral teeth (L1, L2) were present in the larval radula. An additional three pairs of lateral teeth (L3–L5) were added progressively as post-larvae grew from 0.9 mm to 1.9 mm SL. Marginal teeth were added steadily from one pair in larvae to 30–40 pairs at 3–4 mm SL, 70–80 pairs in 30–40 mm juveniles, and 70–90 pairs in 90–100 mm adults. The serrations on the working edges of the rachidian (R) and lateral teeth became less pronounced as the abalone grew. Nearly all serrations disappeared from the rachidian (R) and inner lateral teeth (L1, L2) by ~2 mm SL, and from the outer lateral teeth (L3–L5) by 20 mm SL. For abalone larger than 1.5 mm SL, the L3–L5 teeth became longer and more pointed, which increased the space between adjacent rows of teeth. Post-larvae < 1 mm SL had highly curved teeth with clearance angles of approximately or less than zero, whereas larger abalone had positive clearance angles. These radula developments appear to be related to transitions in feeding habits from microbial to macroalgal diets. KEY WORDS: abalone, development, diet, feeding, larvae, postlarvae, radula. INTRODUCTION diatom diets (sensu Kawamura et al.2 and grow more rapidly on efficiently digested diatom strains Feeding habits in the early life stages of abalone (the second transition). The final transition is at have been studied in detail in recent years1–8 and approximately 5–10 mm SL, from a diatom- three major transitions in feeding have been iden- dominated diet to a macroalgae-dominated diet. tified.9 The first is the transition from lecithotrophy The ingestion and digestion of diatoms appear to particle feeding around the time of metamor- to be affected by the action of the radula. The phosis. Benthic diatoms are a principal food for ability of post-larvae to ingest large diatom cells post-larval abalone after metamorphosis, and increases as post-larvae grow.7,8 Physical rupturing post-larvae smaller than approximately 0.8 mm of diatom cells, which directly affects digestibility, shell length (SL) grow at similar rates regardless of frequently results from the action of the radula.2 diatom strain, provided they receive an adequate Radula morphology is also important when ju- supply of biofilm material. Post-larvae bigger than venile and adult abalone graze macroalgae,10,11 but this size become responsive to the ‘digestibility’ of information on the action of the abalone radula during grazing macroalgae is limited. We previously observed the morphological *Corresponding author: Tel: 81-3-5351-6499. Fax: 81-3-5351- changes in the radula of a New Zealand abalone 6498. Email: [email protected] aPresent address: Ocean Research Institute, The University of Haliotis iris during the post-larval period, and Tokyo, 1-15-1, Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan. showed that post-larval radula developments are Received 14 April 2000. Accepted 15 December 2000. consistent with preparation for the transition from Radula development in abalone FISHERIES SCIENCE 597 microbial to macro-algal diets.12 It was suggested older post-larvae and young juveniles (~1–15 mm that the teeth of post-larvae < 1 mm SL probably SL) for radula observations. The main food source function as ‘scoops’ that slide across the surface for the abalone on the pregrazed plates was the collecting small diatoms and other fine, loose par- diatom film, which was dominated by Cocconeis ticles. Radulae of post-larvae > 1 mm SL became spp. more suitable for collecting larger particles and gouging feeding substrata. That paper is the first report to describe the progressive development of Radula observation the abalone radula throughout the post-larval period.12 Other reports present only limited infor- Samples of post-larvae and young juveniles were mation about the abalone radula, often at a single preserved in 5% seawater formalin at intervals point of larval or post-larval development.4,13–17 of 4–17 days from 6 to 109 days post-settlement. Larval and post-larval radula development has Competent larvae after 6–7 days at 20°C were also been studied only for polyplacophorans, apla- preserved in the same manner for observing the cophorans and pulmonates.18 larval radula. Radulae of these larvae, post-larvae In the present paper, changes in radula mor- and young juveniles were removed with a pipette phology of abalone Haliotis discus hannai from and an inverted microscope following dissolution larva to adult are described. We focus on radula of tissues by soaking in sodium hypochlorite (0.6% development in relation to transitions in feeding, Cl concentration; Wako Pure Chemical Industries and compare these developments with those of Ltd, Osaka, Japan) for several minutes. Radulae H. iris. were then serially pipetted through several distilled water baths to remove residual sodium hypochlo- rite. This procedure was selected after we con- MATERIALS AND METHODS firmed that the structure of radula teeth was not changed by the procedure. Post-larval and juvenile Abalone rearing SL (the longest shell dimension) were measured individually before dissolution. Radulae of older Larval abalone were hatched in May 1997 at the juveniles and adult abalone (~15–98 mm SL) were Iwate Sea Farming Association (Iwate, Japan) or dissected from fresh animals obtained from Iwate in October 1997 at the Akita Prefectural Hatchery Sea Farming Association and reared at TNFRI in a Center (Akita, Japan) using the procedures running seawater tank at 20∞C and fed brown alga described by Uki and Kikuchi.19 Four days after fer- Laminaria japonica. tilization at 20°C, the veliger larvae from Iwate were Radula length, width, number of transverse rows transported to Tohoku National Fisheries Research of teeth (Fig. 1a), and gap between rachidian teeth Institute (TNFRI, Miyagi, Japan) within 4 h. of adjacent rows (only for older juveniles and Five-day-old larvae from Iwate reared at 20°C, adult) were determined using an inverted micro- which were competent to metamorphose,20 were scope and video micrometer. Radulae were then transferred to plastic water tanks (diameter 28 cm, transferred to scanning electron microscope (SEM) height 14 cm), the inside of which were covered stubs, laid flat with the teeth upwards, and allowed with a mono-cultured benthic diatom Cocconeis to air dry before sputter coating with gold for SEM scutellum that had been pregrazed overnight observations. by juvenile abalone (2 cm SL). Cocconeis scutel- The length and width of the rachidian tooth, lum coated with trail mucus of juvenile abalone lengths of the L3 teeth and the gap between the has a high potential for the induction of settle- rachidian teeth of adjacent transverse rows ment/metamorphosis of larvae and provides a (Fig. 1b) were measured using SEM photographs. suitable food source for all stages of post-larval The clearance angle of rachidian and lateral teeth abalone.5 The metamorphosed animals were (Fig. 1c) of post-larval radula was also measured as maintained as a source of young post-larvae described elsewhere.12 The clearance angle of teeth (<~1.5 mm SL) for radula observations by being fed was defined by Padilla, who suggested that it pro- C. scutellum, as described elsewhere.21 vides information on the function of radula teeth.11 Four-day-old competent larvae from Akita were Rake angle (Fig. 1c) was also suggested to be settled on pregrazed plates and reared continu- important in the function of radula teeth,11 but ously in running seawater at 20°C at the hatchery. we could not measure it directly on most teeth Seven days after settlement, post-larvae were because of their shape and orientation in the SEM transported to TNFRI on the plates in a water tank preparations. We did not measure the clearance within 5 h. These post-larvae were reared on the and rake angles of juvenile and adult radula plates in running seawater at 20°C as a source of because accurate measurements were difficult 598 FISHERIES SCIENCE T Kawamura et al. Fig. 1 Scanning electron micro- scope photographs showing terms used in the text to describe radula morphology. (a) An entire radula showing length and width. (b) Transverse rows of radula teeth. R, rachidian tooth; L1–L5, lateral teeth 1–5; M, marginal teeth; G, gap between rachidian teeth of adjacent transverse rows; WR, width of rachidian tooth; LR, length of rachidian tooth; LL3, length of L3 tooth. (c) Side view of a row of radula teeth showing individual teeth. CA, clearance angle (positive); TTA, tooth tip angle; RA, rake angle. even on the outside laterals because of obstruction by the overhanging marginal teeth. Measurements of the angles of rachidian tooth and inner lateral teeth of juveniles and adults were impossible because of their positions behind the lengthened outer laterals. These measurements were done for several teeth rows located in the middle part of the whole radula.
Recommended publications
  • Gonad Development in Farmed Male and Female South African Abalone, Haliotis Midae, Fed Artifcial and Natural Diets Under a Range of Husbandry Conditions
    Gonad development in farmed male and female South African abalone, Haliotis midae, fed articial and natural diets under a range of husbandry conditions Esther Meusel Vetmeduni Vienna: Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Simon Menanteau-Ledouble ( [email protected] ) Aalborg University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3435-9287 Matthew Naylor HIK Abalone Farm Horst Kaiser Rhodes University Mansour El-Matbouli Vetmeduni Vienna: Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien Research Keywords: abalone, Haliotis midae, articial diet, soya, phytoestrogens, husbandry, gonad bulk index, sexual maturation rate Posted Date: July 27th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-735927/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/18 Abstract Background Growth rate is considered one of the most important factors in the farming of Haliotis midae and somatic growth rates decline after abalone reach sexual maturity. Articial diets are suspected to accelerate maturation, in particular when soya meal is used as a protein source, because of this plant’s high concentration of phytoestrogens. Results We fed two articial diets and a natural diet, kelp. The rst articial diet had shmeal as its main source of protein while the other, Abfeed® S34, replaced some of the sh proteins with soya meal. The effect of diet on the gonad development of 27-month-old farmed Haliotis midae, raised at two stocking densities, was analysed. For each gonad sample the development phase was determined based on both histological criteria and the gonad bulk index (GBIn). The hypothesized link between dietary protein source and gonad development could not be established by either morphological criteria or GBIn.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Large Body Size in Abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and Implications
    Paleobiology, 31(4), 2005, pp. 591±606 Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications James A. Estes, David R. Lindberg, and Charlie Wray Abstract.ÐKelps and other ¯eshy macroalgaeÐdominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool seasÐ may have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60±75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosys- tems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our ®ndings support the view that ¯eshy-algal dominated ecosys- tems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Diet and Sex-Sorting on Growth and Gonad Development in Farmed South African Abalone, Haliotis Midae
    Effect of diet and sex-sorting on growth and gonad development in farmed South African abalone, Haliotis midae A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE of RHODES UNIVERSITY By DEVIN WILLIAM PHILIP AYRES December 2013 ABSTRACT Abalone, Haliotis midae, farmers in South Africa that feed formulated diets reported a periodic drop in abalone growth during periods of increased gonad development. A large drop in abalone biomass was noticed after presumed spawning events. This study was aimed to determine the effect of diet and sex-sorting on gonad development in abalone. Experiments were conducted on a commercial abalone farm from July 2012 to the end of June 2013. Isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with two protein sources. A fishmeal and soybean meal (S-diet) diet and a fishmeal only (F-diet) diet were fed to abalone (50 - 70 g abalone-1) over 12 months. Weight and length gain, gonad bulk index (GBI), visceral index (%) and meat mass index (%) were determined monthly and seasonally. A histological study on the female gonads was conducted. This study also included an experiment to test the effect of sex-sorting (70 - 80 g abalone-1) on growth and body composition with treatments including males (M), females (F) and equal numbers of males and females (MF). Weight gain and length gain were faster in S-diet-fed abalone (RM-ANOVA, F (1, 16) = 7.77, p = 0.01; F (1, 69) = 49.9, p < 0.001, respectively). Gonad development was significantly affected by the inclusion of soybean meal with S-diet-fed abalone showing higher GBI-values than F- diet-fed abalone (RM-ANOVA, F (1, 33) = 16.22, p = 0.0003).
    [Show full text]
  • Localised Population Collapse of the Invasive Brown Alga, Undaria Pinnatifida: Twenty Years of Monitoring on Wellington’S South Coast
    Localised population collapse of the invasive brown alga, Undaria pinnatifida: Twenty years of monitoring on Wellington’s south coast By Cody Lorkin A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Biology Victoria University of Wellington 2019 Abstract Invasive species pose a significant threat to marine environments around the world. Monitoring and research of invasive species is needed to provide direction for management programmes. This thesis is a continuation of research conducted on the invasive alga Undaria pinnatifida following its discovery on Wellington’s south coast in 1997. By compiling the results from previous monitoring surveys (1997- 2000 and 2008) and carrying out additional seasonal surveys in 2018, I investigate the distribution and spread of U. pinnatifida on Wellington’s south coast, how this may have changed over time and what impacts it may have had on native macroalgal and invertebrate grazer communities. Intertidal macroalgal composition and U. pinnatifida abundance was recorded on fifteen occasions between 1997 and 2018 at two sites at Island Bay and two sites at Owhiro Bay. In addition, the subtidal abundance of six invertebrate grazers was recorded eight times within the same sampling period. Microtopography was also measured at each site to determine if topography had an influence on macroalgal composition. From 1997 to 2000 U. pinnatifida abundance gradually increased per year, but its spread remained localised to Island Bay. In 2008 U. pinnatifida had spread westward to Owhiro Bay where it was highly abundant. However, in 2018 no U. pinnatifida was recorded at any of the sites indicating a collapse of the invasion front.
    [Show full text]
  • New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document 8919 Paua
    Not to be cited without permission of the author(s) New Zealand Fisheries Assessment Research Document 8919 Paua fishery assessment 1989 D.R. Schiel MAFFish Fisheries Research Centre P 0 Box 297 Wellington May 1989 MAFFish, N.Z. Ministry of Agricultun and Fisheries This series documents the scientific basis for stock assessments and fisheries management advice in New Zealand. It addresses the issues of the day in the current legislative context and in the time frames required. The documents it contains are not intended as definitive statements on the subjects addressed but rather as progress reports on ongoing investigations. Paua Fishery Assessment 1989 D. R. Schiel 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview This paper contains background data and information on paua, Haliotis iris and H. australis. There is not a large literature on these species, and little published information exists on the fishery. What follows represents a summary of the literature, unpublished information available at MAFFish, and conversations with those involved with the paua fishery. 1.2 Description of Fishery Paua (usually called abalone in other countries) are marine molluscs which occur in shallow, rocky habitats throughout the shores of New Zealand. Two species are fished commercially in New Zealand. These are the black-footed H. iris, which is by far the commonest species, and the yellow-footed H. australis. Most of the commercial catch is comprised of H. iris, while only a small amount of H. australis is caught. This document concerns H, iris, as there is more information on this species, and separate fisheries records are not kept for the two species.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Haemocyanin Function in Haliotis Iris 255 Also Matched with Adductor Muscle Haemolymph Samples
    The Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 253–263 (2002) 253 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 JEB3731 The archaeogastropod mollusc Haliotis iris: tissue and blood metabolites and allosteric regulation of haemocyanin function Jane W. Behrens1,3, John P. Elias2,3, H. Harry Taylor3 and Roy E. Weber1,* 1Department of Zoophysiology, Institute Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, DK 8000 Aarhus, Denmark, 2School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia and 3Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 30 October 2001 Summary 2+ 2+ We investigated divalent cation and anaerobic end- Mg and Ca restored the native O2-binding properties product concentrations and the interactive effects of these and the reverse Bohr shift. L- and D-lactate exerted substances and pH on haemocyanin oxygen-binding (Hc- minor modulatory effects on O2-affinity. At in vivo 2+ 2+ O2) in the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris. During 24 h concentrations of Mg and Ca , the cooperativity is 2+ of environmental hypoxia (emersion), D-lactate and dependent largely on Mg , which modulates the O2 tauropine accumulated in the foot and shell adductor association equilibrium constants of both the high-affinity muscles and in the haemolymph of the aorta, the pedal (KR) and the low-affinity (KT) states (increasing and sinus and adductor muscle lacunae, whereas L-lactate was decreasing, respectively). This allosteric mechanism not detected. Intramuscular and haemolymph D-lactate contrasts with that encountered in other haemocyanins concentrations were similar, but tauropine accumulated and haemoglobins.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Rates of Haliotis Rufescens and Haliotis Discus Hannai in Tank Culture Systems in Southern Chile (41.5ºS)
    Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 41(5): 959-967,Growth 2013 rates of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai 959 DOI: 103856/vol41-issue5-fulltext-14 Research Article Growth rates of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai in tank culture systems in southern Chile (41.5ºS) Alfonso Mardones,1 Alberto Augsburger1, Rolando Vega1 & Patricio de Los Ríos-Escalante2,3 1Escuela de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile 2Laboratorio de Ecología Aplicada y Biodiversidad, Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile. 3Nucleo de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 15-D, Temuco, Chile ABSTRACT. The increased activity of aquaculture in Chile involves cultivation of salmonids, oysters mussels and other species such, and to a lesser extent species such as red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and Japanese abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth rate of Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus hannai fed with different pellet based diets with Macrocystis sp. and Ulva sp., grown in ponds for 13 months. The results for both species denoted that there was an increase in length and biomass during experimental period, existing low growth rates during the austral winter (July-September) and increase during the austral summer (December-January). Results are consistent with descriptions of literature that there is high rate of growth during the summer and using diet of brown algae. From the economic standpoint abalone farming would be an economically viable activity for local aquaculture, considering the water quality and food requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Shelled Molluscs
    Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) Archimer http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ ©UNESCO-EOLSS Archive Institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Shelled Molluscs Berthou P.1, Poutiers J.M.2, Goulletquer P.1, Dao J.C.1 1 : Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Plouzané, France 2 : Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France Abstract: Shelled molluscs are comprised of bivalves and gastropods. They are settled mainly on the continental shelf as benthic and sedentary animals due to their heavy protective shell. They can stand a wide range of environmental conditions. They are found in the whole trophic chain and are particle feeders, herbivorous, carnivorous, and predators. Exploited mollusc species are numerous. The main groups of gastropods are the whelks, conchs, abalones, tops, and turbans; and those of bivalve species are oysters, mussels, scallops, and clams. They are mainly used for food, but also for ornamental purposes, in shellcraft industries and jewelery. Consumed species are produced by fisheries and aquaculture, the latter representing 75% of the total 11.4 millions metric tons landed worldwide in 1996. Aquaculture, which mainly concerns bivalves (oysters, scallops, and mussels) relies on the simple techniques of producing juveniles, natural spat collection, and hatchery, and the fact that many species are planktivores. Keywords: bivalves, gastropods, fisheries, aquaculture, biology, fishing gears, management To cite this chapter Berthou P., Poutiers J.M., Goulletquer P., Dao J.C., SHELLED MOLLUSCS, in FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE, from Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO, Eolss Publishers, Oxford ,UK, [http://www.eolss.net] 1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Réponse Transcriptomique Et Cellulaire De L'ormeau Rouge
    R´eponse transcriptomique et cellulaire de l'ormeau rouge Haliotis rufescens, cultiv´een ´ecloserieindustrielle face aux stress m´etalliqueset aux pathog`enes: r^oledes probiotiques dans la survie des organismes Fernando Silva Aciares To cite this version: Fernando Silva Aciares. R´eponse transcriptomique et cellulaire de l'ormeau rouge Haliotis rufescens, cultiv´een ´ecloserieindustrielle face aux stress m´etalliqueset aux pathog`enes: r^ole des probiotiques dans la survie des organismes. Zoologie des invert´ebr´es.Universit´ede Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. Fran¸cais. <NNT : 2013BRES0058>. <tel-01089606> HAL Id: tel-01089606 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01089606 Submitted on 2 Dec 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THÈSE / UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE présentée par sous le sceau de l’Université européenne de Bretagne Fernando Silva Aciares pour obtenir le titre de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BRETAGNE OCCIDENTALE Préparée à L'institut Universitaire Européen Mention :Océanographie biologique de la Mer, Laboratoire des Sciences de École Doctorale Ecole Doctorale des Sciences de La Mer l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) Thèse soutenue le 22 mars 2013 Devant le jury composé de : Réponse transcriptomique et Nathalie Cochennec Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • D050p145.Pdf
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 50: 145–152, 2002 Published July 8 Dis Aquat Org Evaluation of radiography, ultrasonography and endoscopy for detection of shell lesions in live abalone Haliotis iris (Mollusca: Gastropoda) Hendrik H. Nollens1,*, John C. Schofield2, Jonathan A. Keogh1, P. Keith Probert1 1Department of Marine Science, and 2Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand ABSTRACT: Radiography, ultrasonography and endoscopy were examined for their efficacy as non- destructive techniques for the detection of shell lesions in the marine gastropod Haliotis iris Gmelin. X-rays provided 69% correct diagnoses, with detection being restricted to those lesions which were mineralised. Ultrasound also showed potential to reliably detect lesions (83% correct diagnoses), but only where the lesions demonstrated a clear 3-dimensional relief. Lesion dimensions were under- estimated using ultrasound. Endoscopy, applied to anaesthetised individuals, provided the most accurate method (92% correct diagnoses) for lesion detection and, although invasive, had no dis- cernible effect on survival of the abalone 8 mo after screening. KEY WORDS: Abalone · Haliotis · Gastropoda · Shell lesion · Detection · Radiography · Ultrasono- graphy · Endoscopy Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher INTRODUCTION Grindley et al. (1998) reported shells in which the lesion had invaded the adductor muscle attachment A range of shell-invading organisms associated with site, potentially resulting in the abalone losing its shell. live abalone has been reported in the literature Aquaculturists also reported this condition to cause (Kojima & Imajima 1982, Clavier 1992, Thomas & Day fatalities to abalone kept in captivity. In addition, it has 1995), although in most cases the effects of such organ- been suggested that wild populations with affected isms on their host remains to be ascertained.
    [Show full text]
  • White Abalone Recovery Plan
    FINAL WHITE ABALONE RECOVERY PLAN (Haliotis sorenseni) Prepared by The White Abalone Recovery Team for National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Protected Resources October 2008 RECOVERY PLAN FOR WHITE ABALONE (Haliotis sovenseni) Prepared by National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Regional Office ~ationalwarineFisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration White Abalone Recovery Plan DISCLAIMER DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions which are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), sometimes prepared with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, state agencies, and others. Objectives will be obtained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than NMFS. They represent the official position of NMFS only after they have been signed by the Assistant Administrator. Approved recovery plans are subject to modification as dictated by new findings, changes in species status and the completion of recovery actions. LITERATURE CITATION SHOULD READ AS FOLLOWS: National Marine Fisheries Service. 2008. White Abalone Recovery Plan (Haliotis sorenseni). National Marine Fisheries Service, Long Beach, CA. ADDITIONAL COPIES MAY BE OBTAINED FROM: United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Regional Office 501 W. Ocean Blvd., Suite 4200 Long Beach, CA 90802-4213 On Line: http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/ Recovery plans can be downloaded from the National Marine Fisheries Service website: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/recovery/plans.htm Cover photograph of a white abalone by John Butler of the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center.
    [Show full text]