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SROVNÁNÍ POTRAVY DVOU DRUHŮ NETOPÝRŮ RODU Eptesicus MasarykovauniverzitavBrně Fakultapřírodovědecká DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE MartinGajdošík SROVNÁNÍPOTRAVY DVOUDRUHŮNETOPÝRŮ RODU Eptesicus Školitel:prof.RNDr.JiříGaisler,DrSc. Ostrava, dokončeno 14. července 2003 1 Poděkování: Za cenné rady a všestrannou pozornost a podporu, jíž mé práci věnoval, děkuji prof. RNDr. Jiřímu Gaislerovi DrSc.. Za spolupráci a konzultace při hodnocení dat pak děkuji Mgr. Michalu Andreasovi, PhD.a Mgr. Tomáši Bartoničkovi. Za pomoc při řešení entomologické problematiky děkuji prof. RNDr. Rudolfu Rozkošnému DrSc., RNDr. Pavlu Lautererovi, doc. RNDr. Edmundu Sedlákovi CSc.a ing. Jaroslavu Kalábovi. Za pomoc při tvorbě mikrofotografií jsem zavázán RNDr. Boženě Koubkové, PhD. a Petru Gajdošíkovi. Za poskytnutí dat a spolupráci děkuji RNDr. Pavlu Elederovi . Za podněty a připomínky při dokončování práce dále děkuji RNDr. Zdeňku Řehákovi, Phd. a Mgr. Janu Zukalovi, PhD.. V neposlední řadě patří mé poděkování i spolupracovníkům na středisku Brno AOPK ČR a matce, jež mi umožnili věnovat se této práci. 2 OBSAH 1. ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.1. Obecný úvod do problematiky ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Biologie studovaných druhů ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.2.1. Eptesicus serotinus SCHREBER, 1774 ................................................................................................ 9 1.2.2. Eptesicus nilssonii (KEYSERLING ET BLASIUS, 1839) ................................................................... 9 1.3. Cíle práce ................................................................................................................................................... 10 2. POPIS LOKALIT ............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1. Obecné údaje .............................................................................................................................................. 11 2.2. Lokality ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.1. Brod nad Dyjí ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Nové Město na Moravě ....................................................................................................................... 12 3. METODIKA ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Metodika terénních prací ........................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1. Sběr materiálu pro analýzu potravy .................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2. Sledování lovecké aktivity .................................................................................................................. 14 3.1.3. Vzorkování potravní nabídky ............................................................................................................. 15 3.2. Zpracování materiálu ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.2.1. Laboratorní analýza trusu .................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2. Taxonomie .......................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.3. Zpracování výsledků analýzy trusu ..................................................................................................... 17 3.2.4. Zpracování výsledků vzorkování potravní nabídky ............................................................................ 20 3.2.5. Zpracování dat získaných analýzou trusu ........................................................................................... 21 3.2.6. Zpracování dat získaných vzorkováním potravní nabídky ................................................................. 23 4. VÝSLEDKY ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 4.1. Celkové složení potravy studovaných druhů ............................................................................................. 27 4.1.1. Eptesicus serotinus SCHREBER, 1774 .............................................................................................. 27 4.1.2. Eptesicus nilssonii (KEYSERLING ET BLASIUS, 1839) ................................................................. 28 4.2. Sezónní dynamika potravy studovaných druhů ......................................................................................... 30 4.2.1. Eptesicus serotinus SCHREBER, 1774 .............................................................................................. 30 4.2.1.1. Jednotlivé části sezóny 1997 ........................................................................................................ 30 4.2.1.1.1. Jarní část sezóny 1997 ( 130-158. noc 1997) ........................................................................ 30 4.2.1.1.2. Letní část sezóny 1997 ( 169-224. noc 1997) ....................................................................... 32 4.2.1.1.3. Podzimní část sezóny 1997 ( 234-255. noc 1997) ................................................................ 34 4.2.1.2. Jednotlivé vzorkovací noci sezóny1997 ...................................................................................... 36 4.2.1.2.1. Noc z 10. na 11. května 1997 (130. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 36 4.2.1.2.2. Noc z 21. na 22. května 1997 (141. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 37 4.2.1.2.3. Noc z 30. na 31. května 1997 (150. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 38 4.2.1.2.4. Noc z 07. na 08. června 1997 (158. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 39 3 4.2.1.2.5. Noc z 18. na 19. června 1997 (169. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 40 4.2.1.2.6. Noc z 28. na 29. června 1997 (179. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 40 4.2.1.2.7. Noc z 09. na 10. července 1997 (190. noc 1997) .................................................................. 42 4.2.1.2.8. Noc z 20. na 21. července 1997 (201. noc 1997) .................................................................. 43 4.2.1.2.9. Noc z 01. na 02. srpna 1997 (213. noc 1997) ....................................................................... 44 4.2.1.2.10. Noc z 12. na 13. srpna 1997 (224. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 45 4.2.1.2.11. Noc z 22. na 23. srpna 1997 (234. noc 1997) ..................................................................... 46 4.2.1.2.12. Noc z 02. na 03. září 1997 (245. noc 1997) ........................................................................ 47 4.2.1.2.13. Noc z 12. na 13. září 1997 (255. noc 1997) ........................................................................ 48 4.2.1.3. Syntéza sezóny 1997 .................................................................................................................... 49 4.2.2. Eptesicus nilssonii (KEYSERLING ET BLASIUS, 1839) ................................................................. 51 4.2.2.1. Jednotlivé vzorkovací noci sezóny1998 ...................................................................................... 51 4.2.2.1.1. Noc z 16. na 17. června 1998 (167. noc 1998) ..................................................................... 51 4.2.2.1.2. Noc z 27. na 28. června 1998 (178. noc 1998) ..................................................................... 52 4.2.2.1.3. Noc z 09. na 10. července 1998 (190. noc 1998) .................................................................. 53 4.2.2.1.4. Noc z 22. na 23. července 1998 (203. noc 1998) .................................................................. 55 4.2.2.1.5. Noc z 03. na 04. srpna 1998 (215. noc 1998) ....................................................................... 56 4.2.2.1.6. Noc z 14. na 15. srpna 1998 (226. noc 1998) ....................................................................... 57 4.2.2.2. Syntéza sezóny 1998 .................................................................................................................... 58 4.3. Celková lovecká aktivita studovaných druhů ............................................................................................ 59 4.3.1. Eptesicus serotinus SCHREBER, 1774 .............................................................................................. 59 4.3.2. Eptesicus nilssonii (KEYSERLING ET BLASIUS, 1839) ................................................................. 59 4.4. Sezónní dynamika lovecké aktivity studovaných druhů ...........................................................................
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