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Gelogy and Minearal Deposits of the Western Cuddy Mountain District

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Gelogy and Minearal Deposits of the Western Cuddy Mountain District AN ABSTRACT OF THETHESIS OF for the Master of Science MICAL NEIL SLATER (Degree) (Name of student) presented on May7, 1969 Geology in (Date) (Major) DEPOSITS OF THEWE/7L/17CUDDY MOUNTAIN Title: GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DISTRICT, WESTERN IDAHORedacted forpnvacv Abstract approved: 7-Cyrus W1--Pi-1d miles in the westernpart The map areaincludes 16.5 square which is locatedbetween the Wallowa of the CuddyMountain District, River Mountains of Mountains of northeasternOregon and the Salmon western Idaho. glacial and streamerosion Folding, faulting,and more recent Jurassic(?) sedimentaryand volcanic have exhumedTriassic to Early rocks. A compositestratigraphic rocks andTriassic(?) plutonic of strata. section includes atleast 10,000 feet area are theTriassic The oldest exposedrocks in the thesis thickness This unit exceeds2,000 feet in Seven DevilsVolcanics. of volcanic andvolcaniclastic and includes acomplex assemblage correlative to the limestone, presumably rocks. The Cuddy Mountain Formation, has beentectonically em- Late TriassicMartin Bridge conglomerate The LateTriassic( ?) red placed into youngerunits. Volcanics. The red con- unconformably overliesthe Seven Devils of thick and iscomposed primarily glomerate is atleast 400 feet of sedimentary clasts of basaltic rockswith subordinate clasts porphyritic rhyolite and intrusive rocks. The Late Triassic( ?) probably both ash tuff is at least400 feet in thickness and is the older flow and air fall inorigin. The Lucile Series overlies to be of Early rocks with angularunconformity and is thought 5,000 feet in thickness Jurassic(?) age. The Lucile Series exceeds sandstones, and and is composed ofshales, slates, limestones, Pliocene Columbia conglomeratic schists. Flows of Miocene and and rest unconformably River Basalt exceed1,000 feet in thickness on all pre-Tertiaryrocks. (239 m.y.) and The major intrusivephases include gabbro porphyritic granodiorite(201 m.y.). during The pre - Tertiary units wereregionally metamorphosed facies. Alteration of the Middle Jurassic timeto the greenschist to the propylitic country rock near theintrusives is primarily type. specular hematite, Contact metasomaticdeposits of pyrite, limestone lenses within and magnetite arelocalized in silicified Hydrothermal deposits ofchalcopyrite the Seven DevilsVolcanics. primarily in the manganese and argentiferousgalena are localized rhyolite tuff near thered stained outcrops ofthe porphyritic conglomerate contact. Geology and Mineral Depositsof the Western Cuddy MountainDistrict, Western Idaho by Mical Neil Slater A TIESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillmentof the requirementsfor the degree of Master of Science June 1969 Approved: Redacted for privacy Profess Geology in charge of major Redacted for privacy Cha. t`? Department or neology 1;15r Redacted for privacy Dean of GraduateSchool May 7 , 1969 Date thesis ispresented Mical Neil Slater Typed by BeverlySlater for ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The writer is grateful tohis major professor, Dr. C.W. of the Field, for his guidance,field assistance, and editing Dr. D. A. Bostwick manuscript. Appreciation is also extended to Discussions and Dr. P. T. Robinsonfor manuscript criticism. problems. with W. R. Bruce were veryhelpful in solving regional. Financial aid from the NationalScience Foundation and The Bear Creek Mining Companyis gratefully acknowledged. Nixon, land writer is indebted to Mr.Hugh Beggs and Mr. Don cooperation and assistance owners in the areaof study, for their during the field season. The writer is grateful tohis wife, Beverly, for her study patience and encouragementthrough all aspects of the and especially fortyping the manuscript. TABTR OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION Purposes of Study 1 Previous Study 1 Location and Accessibility Topography, Climate, and Vegetation REGIONAL SETTING 7 STRATIGRAPHY Seven Devils Volcanics 7 Distribution and TopographicExpression 7 Stratigraphic Relationships andThickness 7 10 Lithology and Petrography 11 Origin and DepositionalEnvironment 11 Age and Correlation 13 Cuddy Mountain Limestone Distribution and TopographicExpression 1"; Stratigraphic Relationships andThickness 13 Lithology and Petrography 1)1 14 Origin and DepositionalEnvironment 14 Age and Correlation 16 Red Conglomerate 16 Distribution and TopographicExpression 16 Stratigraphic Relationships andThickness 17 Lithology and Petrography 17 Origin and DepositionalEnvironment 20 Age and Correlation 21 Porphyritic Rhyolite Tuff 21 Distribution and TopographicExpression 21 Stratigraphic Relationshipand Thickness 23 Lithology and Petrography 25 Origin Age and Correlation 27 Lucile Series 27 Distribution and TopographicExpression and ThicknesF. 27 Stratigraphic Relationships ,f) Lithology and Petrography Origin and Depositional Environment 32 Age and Correlation 32 34 Columbia River Basalt Distribution and TopographicExpression 34 Stratigraphic Relationships andThickness 34 Lithology and Petrography 35 38 Origin Age and Correlation 38 40 INTRUSIVE ROCKS 40 General Nature and Distribution 42 Gabbro 42 Field Characteristics 42 Lithology and Petrography 46 Chemical Analysis 48 Porphyritic Granodiorite 48 Field Characteristics 48 Lithology and Petrography 53 Chemical Analysis 55 Mode of Emplacement Origin, Correlation, and Age 55 58 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 58 history of Mining Distribution and Types ofAlteration 59 60 Classification of Deposits 61 Distribution and Types ofMineralization 64 Relation of Mineralizationto Intrusives 65 Relation of Mineralizationto Country Rocks 67 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY 67 Regional Structure 67 Periods of Tectonism Post Seven Devils Volcanics-Pre Red Conglomerate Deformation 69 Post Red Conglomerate-Pre Lucile Series Deformation 69 Post Lucile Series-Pre Columbia RiverBasalt Deformation 71 Post Columbia River Hasalt Deformation 75 GEOLOGIC HISTORY 77 80 ETBLIOGRAPHY LIST OF TABLES Page Table Modal and chemical analysesof porphyritic 1 24 rhyolite tuff sampleMNS-64. from Cuddy Mountain. 44 2 Modes of four gabbro samples Modal and chemical analysesof gabbro sample 3 47 MNS -15. Modes of four porphyriticgranodiorite samples 4 50 from Cuddy Mountain. of porphyritic 5 Modal and chemical analyses granodiorite sample MNS-74. 54 Trace element analyses ofsix samples from 6 62 Cuddy Mountain. LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 3 1 Index map of thesis area. Canyon. 8 2 View north down No Business Seven Devils Volcanicsunconfornably overlain by 3 9 Columbia River Basalt. in No Business Canyon. 18 4 Red conglomerate outcrop Quartz lenses within thered conglomerate on 5 19 north bank of Grade CreekCanyon. Bold porphyritic rhyolitetuff outcrops on the 6 22 north wall of Grade CreekCanyon. Typical outcrop of Lucileshale on the west 7 28 wall of No BusinessCanyon. Business Canyon. 29 8 View west across No Pencil slate in theLucile Series on thenorth 9 31 wall of Grade CreekCanyon. Columnar jointing in theColumbia River Basalt 10 36 on north wallof Dukes Creek Canyon. Canyon Outcrop of basaltintrusive in Grade Creek 11 37 displaying poorly definedfan jointing. 39 12 Columbia-Snake River plain. porphyritic granodiorite 13 Sharp contact between 41 to the right andgabbro to the left. Outcrop of gabbro in NoBusiness Canyon displaying 14 43 well defined jointsand a rusty, pitted appearance. in No Business Canyon. 49 15 Porphyritic granodiorite of west centralIdaho. 68 16 Late Cenozoic structure Seven Devils Volcanicsin 17 Drag fold in the 70 Grade Creek Canyon. red conglomeratein 18 Slickensided boulder of 72 No Business Canyon. 19 Fault contact between the CuddyMountain limestone above and the red conglomeratebelow. 74 20 Fault zone in Lucile Series onnorth wall of Grade Creek Canyon. 76 21 Map showing location of theeugeosyncline during Triassic time. 78 LIST OF PLAlhS Plate Page 1 Geologic Map of the Western Cuddy Mountain District, Western Idaho In pocket GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS OF WESTERN CUDDY MOUNTAIN DISTRICT, WESTERN IDAHO INTRODUCTION Purposes of Study The principal objectives of this study were(1) to construct a detailed geologic map,(2) to determine contact relationships of a heretofore unmapped intrusion with country rocksand between component intrusive phases, (3) to determine thestratigraphic occurrence and possible provenanceof a distinctive red conglomerate, (4) to determine types of mineralization, and(5) to determine relationships of mineralization to intrusives,country rocks, and structures. Field work was completed in a nine week periodduring the summer of 1968. Mapping was done on a Copperfield, Idaho,base map enlarged to a scale of 1:12,000. High altitude aerial photographs were used in conjunction withthe base map. Sixty thin sections were examined, andchemical analyses were obtained for threespecimens. Trace element studies and micro- chemical techniques were utilized indetermining types and distribution of mineralization. Previous Study Livingston (1923) published areport on the geology of the 2 Mineral and Cuddy Mountain Districts, and laterCook (1954) pub- lished a paper of the mining geology of the SevenDevils Region that included several mines adjacent to thethesis area. The most recent work in the district was done byD. A. Wracher (Master's thesis in preparation) at Peck Mountain tothe north of the area, R. E. Fankhauser (Master's thesis1969) to the south of the area, and W. R. Bruce (Doctoral thesis inpreparation) to the east of the area. Location and Accessibility The area of study includessections 13 through 25 of T. 17 N., R. 4 W. of the Copperfield, Idahoquadrangle (Fig. 1). The eastern part of the area may bereached by a
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