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MALAYSIA AS INDONESIA's CLOSE BROTHER AS REPRESENTED in a POPULAR INDONESIAN ISLAMIC MAGAZINE, PANDJI MASJARAKAT (1960) By: He

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MALAYSIA AS INDONESIA's CLOSE BROTHER AS REPRESENTED in a POPULAR INDONESIAN ISLAMIC MAGAZINE, PANDJI MASJARAKAT (1960) By: He MALAYSIA AS INDONESIA’S CLOSE BROTHER AS REPRESENTED IN A POPULAR INDONESIAN ISLAMIC MAGAZINE, PANDJI MASJARAKAT (1960) By: Head of Research: Dr. Miftahuddin, M. Hum. Members: 1. Prof. Dr. Ajat Sudrajat, M.Ag. 2. Danar Widiyanta, M. Hum. 3. Muhammad Yuanda Zara, Ph.D. Partner Researcher: Associate Prof. Dr. Hanafi bin Hussin (University of Malaya) LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2020 LEMBAR PENGESAHAN HASIL PENELITIAN KERJASAMA INTERNASIONAL PROGRAM STUDI ILMU SEJARAH 1. Judul Penelitian : MALAYSIA AS INDONESIA‟S CLOSE BROTHER AS REPRESENTED IN A POPULAR INDONESIAN ISLAMIC MAGAZINE, PANDJI MASJARAKAT (1960) 2. Ketua Peneliti : a. Nama lengkap : Dr. Miftahuddin, M.Hum. b. Jabatan : Lektor Kepala c. Program Studi : Ilmu Sejarah - S1 d. Alamat : Gunduk RT.59 Pedusan Argosari Sedayu, Bantul e. Telepon : +6281392804474 f. e-mail : [email protected] 3. Bidang Keilmuan : Sosial 4. Skim : Penelitian Kerjasama Internasional Program Studi 5. Tema Penelitian Payung : Sejarah 6. Sub Temap Penelitian : Payung 7. Kelompok Peneliti : No Nama, Gelar NIP Bidang Keahlian 1. Danar Widiyanta, M.Hum. 19681010 199403 1 001 Sejarah Politik 2. Prof. Dr. Drs. Ajat Sudrajat, 19620321 198903 1 001 Filsafat Sejarah M.Ag. 3. Muhammad Yuanda Zara, 19850125 201803 1 001 Sejarah Sosial Ekonomi M.A. 8. Mahasiswa yang terlibat : No Nama NIM Prodi 1. Rela Satria Utama 17407141017 Ilmu Sejarah 2. Dony Agustio Wijaya 17407141022 Ilmu Sejarah 3. Wahyu Milantari 17407141029 Ilmu Sejarah 9. Lokasi Penelitian : Indonesia 10. Waktu Penelitian : 11 Maret 2020 s/d 20 November 2020 11. Dana yang diusulkan : Rp. 50.000.000,00 Mengetahui, Yogyakarta, 12 November 2020 Dekan FIS, Ketua Pelaksana Dr. Suhadi Purwantara, M.Si. Dr. Miftahuddin, M.Hum. NIP 19591129 198601 1 001 NIP 19740302 200312 1 006 ii ABSTRACT This study analyzes the representations of Malaysia in the context of the Indonesia-Malaysia relationship in a very popular Islamic magazine in Indonesia in the end of 1950s and early 1960s, Pandji Masjarakat, especially in editions published in 1960. Instead of focusing on aspects that have been widely explored in studies of Indonesian-Malaysian relationship, this study examines how the biweekly Pandji Masjarakat saw, imagined, and portrayed Malaysia and the Indonesia-Malaysia relationship in 1960. This study uses the method of historical inquiry. Communication studies, especially the media representation approach, helps this study. The primary sources used were the editions of the Pandji Masjarakat magazine published in 1960. News, opinions and photographs about Malaysia and the Indonesia- Malaysia relationship published by Pandji Masjarakat to a certain degree reflected the vision of its chief editor, Hamka, to promote good relationship between the two countries. We found a few general themes about how this magazine viewed Indonesia-Malaysia relationship and the urgency for Indonesians to adopt this perspective. First, Pandji Masjarakat built an awareness that Indonesia-Malaysia relationship had to be seen from the 13th century, when religious relations, kinship tie and intellectual networks had been formed between Indonesia and Malaysia. Secondly, this magazine emphasized that Islam played an important role as a unifying factor among regions in the Malay world before the era of the modern nation-state. Thirdly, Malay culture and especially the Malay language was a shared legacy of the Indonesians and Malaysians which had sunk because of European colonialism. Therefore, in the 1960s Pandji Masjarakat expected that linguists and the Indonesian/Malay-speakers in both countries would intensify cooperation to standardize Malay so that this language could keep up with the modern world. Fourthly, Hamka, as the core voice of the Pandji Masjarakat, highly respected the acts of preserving the Malay-Islamic culture in Malaysia. This can be seen in the amount of space provided by Hamka when the magazine reported the death of Yang Dipertuan Agung Malaysia Abdul Rahman in April 1960. This research presents a new approach in understanding the efforts made by the Indonesian press to promote shared history, beliefs and visions, rather than difference, between two countries at a time when both, as newly born countries, were still looking for the right path to achieve their goals, including in dealing with neighboring countries. Keywords: Indonesia-Malaysia relations, shared culture, common belief, media representation, Islamic press, modern Southeast Asia iii ABSTRAK Kajian ini menganalisis representasi Malaysia dalam konteks hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia dalam sebuah majalah Islam yang sangat populer di Indonesia pada akhir 1950-an dan awal 1960-an, Pandji Masjarakat, khususnya pada edisi terbitan 1960. Alih-alih berfokus pada aspek-aspek yang telah dieksplorasi secara luas dalam studi hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia, studi ini meneliti bagaimana Pandji Masjarakat, yang terbit dua mingguan, melihat, membayangkan, dan menggambarkan hubungan Malaysia dan Indonesia pada tahun 1960. Studi ini menggunakan metode penyelidikan sejarah. Studi komunikasi, khususnya pendekatan representasi media, membantu studi ini. Sumber utama yang digunakan adalah edisi majalah Pandji Masjarakat yang terbit tahun 1960. Berita, opini, dan foto-foto tentang Malaysia dan hubungan Indonesia- Malaysia yang diterbitkan oleh Pandji Masjarakat hingga taraf tertentu mencerminkan visi pemimpin redaksi, Hamka, untuk meningkatkan hubungan baik antara kedua negara. Kami menemukan beberapa tema umum tentang bagaimana majalah ini memandang hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia dan urgensi orang Indonesia untuk mengadopsi perspektif ini. Pertama, Pandji Masjarakat membangun kesadaran bahwa hubungan Indonesia-Malaysia harus dilihat sejak abad ke-13, ketika hubungan agama, ikatan kekerabatan, dan jaringan intelektual telah terbentuk antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Kedua, majalah ini menekankan bahwa Islam memainkan peran penting sebagai pemersatu antar wilayah di dunia Melayu sebelum era negara-bangsa modern. Ketiga, budaya Melayu dan khususnya bahasa Melayu merupakan warisan bersama antara bangsa Indonesia dan Malaysia yang telah tenggelam karena penjajahan Eropa. Oleh karena itu, pada tahun 1960-an Pandji Masjarakat berharap para ahli bahasa dan penutur bahasa Indonesia / Melayu di kedua negara tersebut akan mengintensifkan kerjasama untuk membakukan bahasa Melayu agar bahasa ini dapat mengikuti dunia modern. Keempat, Hamka selaku pengisi suara utama Pandji Masjarakat sangat menghormati aksi pelestarian budaya Melayu-Islam di Malaysia. Hal ini terlihat dari besarnya ruang yang disediakan Hamka ketika majalah Yang Dipertuan Agung Malaysia itu memberitakan Abdul Rahman pada April 1960. Penelitian ini menghadirkan pendekatan baru dalam memahami upaya pers Indonesia untuk mempromosikan sejarah, keyakinan dan visi bersama, bukan perbedaan, antara dua negara pada saat keduanya, sebagai negara yang baru lahir, masih mencari jalan yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuannya, termasuk dalam menghadapi negara tetangga. Kata Kunci: Asia Tenggara modern, budaya bersama, hubungan Indonesia- Malaysia, kepercayaan bersama, pers Islam, representasi media iv DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL………………………………………………………. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN…………………………………………….. ii ABSTRAC…………………………………………………………………. iii DAFTAR ISI………………………………………………………………. i BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ………………………………………… 1 BAB II. KAJIAN PUSTAKA………………………………………. 7 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN…………………………………. 13 BAB IV. PANDJI MASJARAKAT: SEBUAH MEDIA POPULER DAN MODERN DALAM MENDAKWAHKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA……………………………………………. 17 A. Hamka, Masjid Al-Azhar, dan Modernisme Islam di Indonesia…………………………………………………. 17 B. Pandji Masjarakat Menjawab Tantgangan Zaman………. 21 BAB V. MENGHIDUPKAN MEMORI TENTANG SEJARAH BERSAMA DI MASA PRAKOLONIAL………………… 24 A. Relasi Indonesia dan Malaysia di Masa Sebelum Kedatangan Bangsa Eropa……………………………….. 24 B. Pandji Masjarakat dan Narasi Sejarah Bersama Islam di Indonesia dan Malaysia………………………………….. 26 C. Indonesia Malaysia dan Kebangkitan Negara-Negara Bekas Jajahan……………………………………………. 32 BAB VI. MEMBANGUN KONSTRUKSI TENTANG KESAMAAN AKAR ISLAM MALAYSIA DAN INDONESIA ………………………………………………... 34 A. Masjid sebagai Identitas Bersama……………………….. 34 B. Penyebaran Pemikiran Kesislaman……………………… 43 BAB VII. MEMBINGKAI PERSAUDARAAN DUA BANGSA LEWAT BUDAYA MELAYU……………………………. 45 A. Bangsa Melayu, Bahasa Melayu, dan Islamisasi di Asia Tenggara…………………………………………………. 45 B. “Kita Sebahasa dan Seketurunan”: Pandji Masjarakat dan Penyeragaman Bahasa Melayu………………………….. 50 C. Turut Bersedih dengan Wafatnya Yang Dipertuan Agung PTM……………………………………………………… 62 BAB VIII. KESIMPULAN 71 v DAFTAR PUSTAKA 76 vi BAB I PENDAHULUAN Belakangan ini, perhatian dunia akademik dan publik, baik di Indonesia maupun di luar Indonesia, terhadap sejarah relasi Indonesia-Malaysia tengah mengalami peningkatan tajam. Ini tampak dari sejumlah laporan media massa Indonesia, mulai dari media cetak hingga televisi, tentang dinamika hubungan kedua negara, perdebatan yang ramai antara masyarakat kedua negara di media sosial, serta pada penelitian yang berkaitan dengan bagaimana kedua negara mengelola relasi bilateral mereka. Berbagai artikel telah ditulis oleh para sarjana di kedua negara untuk memahami akar, karakter dan perkembangan mutakhir hubungan kedua negara dari perspektif yang beragam, seperti sejarah, sosiologi, dan hubungan internasional. Pertanyaan pokok yang menjadi perhatian dan perdebatan para sarjana adalah apa karakteristik yang menonjol dalam relasi kedua negara dan faktor yang paling
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