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Highlights of the Slides Administration in Three East Asian Countries Managing the Development Table of Contents of the study Process and Aid – Key Factors Affecting the Formulation and Ch.1: Introduction and Overview Ch.2: Institutional Framework for Development Enhancement of Development Administration Administration and the Role of Central in East Asia – Economic Agencies Ch.3: The Role, Characteristics and Evolution of Development Planning Ch.4: Mechanisms for Macroeconomic Coordination Ch.5: Public Investment Programming and Project Feb. 2007 (UK mission) Approval Masumi Shimamura Ch.6: Case Study: Eastern Seaboard Development GRIPS Development Forum Plan in Thailand National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Ch.7: Key Factors Affecting the Formulation and Enhancement of Development Administration 1. Major characteristics of development Highlights of the slides administration in three East Asian countries 1. Major characteristics of development <Thailand> administration in Thailand, Malaysia and the esp. in 1980s Delegate authority Philippines 2. Formulation and enhancement of development Leader “Bureaucratic polity” Centralized administration in three East Asian countries system Technocrats (Central Economic 3. Key factors affecting the development Centralized system Agencies) administration managed by elite 4. Final remarks technocrats who were delegated authority Ministries, departments, <Periods of focus> other state organs and Thailand and Malaysia: from the late 50s to the 80s from political leaders local governments (now emerging donors) The Philippines: before and after the 1986 “turning point” (enhancement of development administration still on-going) Major characteristics of development Major characteristics of development administration in three East Asian countries administration in three East Asian countries <The Philippines> <Malaysia> Support to realize Legislature leader’s vision esp. after 1986 “Top-down” development Leader “Dual track” development Leader administration Centralized system administration Intervention Technocrats Technocrats Executive Centralized system led by (Central Economic (Central Economic branch Agencies) Dual system administered Agencies) political leaders and by executive branch but supported by elite challenged by legislative technocrats to realize Ministries, departments, Ministries, departments, other state organs and intervention other state organs and leaders’ vision local governments local governments 1 Chronological Outline of the Development Plans and Political Leaders of Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines Thailand Thailand Prime Ministers Kukrit Suchinda Plaek PoteThanom Sarit Thanom San Sen Sen Tan Kriangsak Prem Chatcha Ana Ana ChuanBan Chavalit Chuan Thaksin NEB NEDB NESDB ↓↓ ↓ 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 National Economic Development P NEDP 1 NEDP 2 National Economic and Social Development Plans NESDP 3 NESDP 4 NESDP 5 NESDP 6 NESDP 7 NESDP 8 NESDP 9 Malaysia Prime Ministers Tunku Abdul Rahman Tun Abdul Razak Hussein Onn Dato' Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohamad Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi EPU ICU Independence(Malaya) Malaysia riot ↓↓↓↓↓ 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Malaya Plans 12 Malaysia Plans MP 1 MP 2 MP 3 MP 4 MP 5 MP 6 MP 7 MP 8 MP 9 Outline Perspective Plans OPP 1 OPP 2 OPP 3 National Policies New Economic Policy National Development Polic National Vision Policy Prime Minister Sarit Prime Minister Prem Other National Development Policues ↑ th rd th Look East Policy 30 Government 43 –45 Government ↑ Malaysia Incorporated 9 February 1959 - 8 December 1963 12 March 1980 - 19 March 1983 ↑ 30 April 1983 - 5 August 1986 Industrial Master Plan ↑ 5 August 1986 - 29 April 1988 Vision 2020 Philippines Presidents Carlos GarcDiosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos Corazon AquinoFidel Ramos J. Estrada Gloria Macapagal Arroyo NEC PIA PES NEDA Marshall Law Dr. Puey Ungphakorn ↓↓↓↓ Former Governor of (Central) 35 ……57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 Medium-Term Philippine Development Plans Bankf of Thailand (1959-1972) http://www.thaiembdc.org/bio/pms/pmlist.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Puey.gif Malaysia The Philippines President Marcos th Prime Minister Rahman Prime Minister Razak 10 President President Aquino st 1 Prime Minister 2nd Prime Minister 30 December 1965 – 25 February 1986 11th President 31 August 1957 – 22 September 22 September 1970 – 14 January 1976 25 February 1986 – 30 June 1992 Prime Minister Mahathir President Ramos th 4th Prime Minister 12 President 16 July 1981 – 31 October 2003 30 June 1992 – 30 June 1998 http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunku_Abdul_Rahman http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Razak http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_bin_Mohamad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos 2. Formulation and enhancement of development Formulation and enhancement of development administration in three East Asian countries administration in three East Asian countries Thailand Malaysia The Philippines <Thailand> Formulation of development administration Formulation Late 50s-early 60s: Late 50s-early 60s: 70s: centralized with donor advice with donor advice development of development Late 50s-early 60s: basic framework for coordination administration (WB, US etc), basic (WB, US, UK etc), administrative body foundations for basic foundations for (NEDA) created mechanism institutionalized among central economic coordination planning and After 86: NEDA agencies mechanisms coordination reorganized, and established among mechanisms inter-agency central economic established and the committees began to Prime Minister Sarit’s vision (1959-63) agencies, with PM’s Department facilitate Adopted “development through growth” concept and introduced “top-down” disciplinary functions strengthened (British coordination planning approach system adopted) Technocrats’ initiatives -- led by Dr. Puey Ungphakorn: Enhancement 80s: national-level 70s: new 90s: inter-agency the longest serving Governor of the Central Bank (1959-72) of development committees and sub- administrative committee functions Created the basis for coordination among central economic agencies administration committees machinery (esp.ICU) institutionalized, and Role of foreign assistance established to added to implement ODA management WB: assisted to establish and strengthen the govt’s planning capacity facilitate coordination New Economic Policy strengthened, but -- NEDB* created (1959) of priority policy 80s: coordination legislative US: provided free grant for academic and national defense objectives agenda and public- system between intervention private coordination public and private marginalizing such * NEDB: National Economic Development Board, the predecessor institution of the NESDB (National Economic and Social Development Board) strengthened sector strengthened executive efforts 2 Formulation and enhancement of development Formulation and enhancement of development administration in three East Asian countries administration in three East Asian countries <Malaysia> Formulation of development administration <Thailand> Enhancement of development administration Late 50s-early 60s: basic foundation for planning and 80s:national level committees and sub-committees coordination system formulated and the Prime Minister’s established to facilitate coordination for priority policy Department strengthened (British system adopted) agenda (e.g. rural development, regional development, private sector participation) First Prime Minister Rahman’s vision (1957-70) Emphasized socioeconomic development, especially rural development Deputy Prime Minister (and Second PM) Razak’sinitiatives Prime Minister Prem’s leadership (1980-88) Introduced “the Red Book” and the “the Operations Rooms” to administer Created PM-led national committees for priority policy agenda and development plans and to facilitate coordination delegated authority to competent technocrats for policy administration Role of foreign assistance Technocrats’ initiatives (especially NESDB* technocrats) WB: assisted to establish and strengthen the govt’s planning capacity Played a significant role as a coordination center for PM-led national -- EPU* created in PM’s Department (1961) committees (NESDB acted as Secretariat for major national committees) UK: assisted drafting the First (1957-1960) and the Second (1961-65) Malaya Plans * NESDB: National Economic and Social Development Board * EPU: Economic Planning Unit Formulation and enhancement of development Formulation and enhancement of development administration in three East Asian countries administration in three East Asian countries <Malaysia> Enhancement of development administration <The Philippines> Formulation of development administration 70s: new administrative machinery added to secure 70s: centralized development administrative body (NEDA*) enforcement of the New Economic Policy (1971-) created in support of President Marcos’s dictatorship 80s: coordination system between public and private After 86: NEDA reorganized and interagency coordination sector strengthened began through NEDA interagency committees Prime Minister Razak’s
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