Proceedings of the American Elm Restoration Workshop 2016
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The Role of Earthworm Gut-Associated Microorganisms in the Fate of Prions in Soil
THE ROLE OF EARTHWORM GUT-ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS IN THE FATE OF PRIONS IN SOIL Von der Fakultät für Lebenswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigte D i s s e r t a t i o n von Taras Jur’evič Nechitaylo aus Krasnodar, Russland 2 Acknowledgement I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Kenneth N. Timmis for his guidance in the work and help. I thank Peter N. Golyshin for patience and strong support on this way. Many thanks to my other colleagues, which also taught me and made the life in the lab and studies easy: Manuel Ferrer, Alex Neef, Angelika Arnscheidt, Olga Golyshina, Tanja Chernikova, Christoph Gertler, Agnes Waliczek, Britta Scheithauer, Julia Sabirova, Oleg Kotsurbenko, and other wonderful labmates. I am also grateful to Michail Yakimov and Vitor Martins dos Santos for useful discussions and suggestions. I am very obliged to my family: my parents and my brother, my parents on low and of course to my wife, which made all of their best to support me. 3 Summary.....................................................………………………………………………... 5 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................……... 7 Prion diseases: early hypotheses...………...………………..........…......…......……….. 7 The basics of the prion concept………………………………………………….……... 8 Putative prion dissemination pathways………………………………………….……... 10 Earthworms: a putative factor of the dissemination of TSE infectivity in soil?.………. 11 Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………. 16 2. Materials and Methods.............................…......................................................……….. 17 2.1 Sampling and general experimental design..................................................………. 17 2.2 Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH)………..……………………….………. 18 2.2.1 FISH with soil, intestine, and casts samples…………………………….……... 18 Isolation of cells from environmental samples…………………………….………. -
Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus Rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba By
Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba by Sunday Oghiakhe A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Entomology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2014 Sunday Oghiakhe Abstract Hylurgopinus rufipes, the native elm bark beetle (NEBB), is the major vector of Dutch elm disease (DED) in Manitoba. Dissections of American elms (Ulmus americana), in the same year as DED symptoms appeared in them, showed that NEBB constructed brood galleries in which a generation completed development, and adult NEBB carrying DED spores would probably leave the newly-symptomatic trees. Rapid removal of freshly diseased trees, completed by mid-August, will prevent spore-bearing NEBB emergence, and is recommended. The relationship between presence of NEBB in stained branch sections and the total number of NEEB per tree could be the basis for methods to prioritize trees for rapid removal. Numbers and densities of overwintering NEBB in elm trees decreased with increasing height, with >70% of the population overwintering above ground doing so in the basal 15 cm. Substantial numbers of NEBB overwinter below the soil surface, and could be unaffected by basal spraying. Mark-recapture studies showed that frequency of spore bearing by overwintering beetles averaged 45% for the wild population and 2% for marked NEBB released from disease-free logs. Most NEBB overwintered close to their emergence site, but some traveled ≥4.8 km before wintering. Studies comparing efficacy of insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos gave 100% control of overwintering NEBB for two years as did bifenthrin: however, permethrin and carbaryl provided transient efficacy. -
The Identification of Ophiostoma Novo-Ulmi Subsp. Americana from Portland Elms
The Identification of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americana from Portland Elms by Benjamin K. Au A PROJECT Submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honor Baccalaureate of Science in Biology (Honors Scholar) Presented on March 5, 2014 Commencement June 2014 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Benjamin K. Au for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Biology presented on March 5th, 2014. Title: The Identification of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americana from Portland Elms. Abstract approved: Melodie Putnam Dutch elm disease (DED) is a disease of elm trees caused by three species of Ascomycota fungi: Ophiostoma ulmi, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. There are also two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi: subsp. americana and subsp. novo-ulmi. The pathogen is spread by bark beetles, which inhabit and traverse different elms. O. novo-ulmi is noted to be more aggressive than O. ulmi, and thus many areas in which O. ulmi had been dominant are being replaced by O. novo-ulmi. Epidemiology of DED has been studied in areas including Spain, New Zealand, and Austria. Studies of the disease in the United States are not as prevalent. This study attempts to identify to subspecies, 14 fungal strains isolated from diseased elms growing in Portland, Oregon. Goals include determination of the relative abundance of O. novo-ulmi and O. ulmi. Most elm surveys categorize diseased elms as having signs of DED, but do not specify the causal species or subspecies. Another goal is to develop methods that can be used to differentiate between the species and subspecies of Ophiostoma, based on growth rate and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). -
"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Genome Sequence Analysis of Auricularia Heimuer Combined with Genetic Linkage Map
Journal of Fungi Article Genome Sequence Analysis of Auricularia heimuer Combined with Genetic Linkage Map Ming Fang 1, Xiaoe Wang 2, Ying Chen 2, Peng Wang 2, Lixin Lu 2, Jia Lu 2, Fangjie Yao 1,2,* and Youmin Zhang 1,* 1 Lab of genetic breeding of edible mushromm, Horticultural, College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] 2 Engineering Research Centre of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; [email protected] (X.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.); [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (J.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.Y.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) Received: 3 March 2020; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 16 March 2020 Abstract: Auricularia heimuer is one of the most popular edible fungi in China. In this study, the whole genome of A. heimuer was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq X system and compared with other mushrooms genomes. As a wood-rotting fungus, a total of 509 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were annotated in order to explore its potential capabilities on wood degradation. The glycoside hydrolases (GH) family genes in the A. heimuer genome were more abundant than the genes in the other 11 mushrooms genomes. The A. heimuer genome contained 102 genes encoding class III, IV, and V ethanol dehydrogenases. Evolutionary analysis based on 562 orthologous single-copy genes from 15 mushrooms showed that Auricularia formed an early independent branch of Agaricomycetes. The mating-type locus of A. heimuer was located on linkage group 8 by genetic linkage analysis. -
Louisiana Certified Habitat Plant List Native Woody Plants (Trees
Louisiana Certified Habitat Plant List Native Woody Plants (trees, shrubs, woody vines) Common name Scientific name Stewartia Gum, Swamp Black Nyssa biflora Camellia, Silky malacodendron Acacia, Sweet Acacia farnesiana Catalpa Gum, Tupelo Nyssa aquatica Liquidambar Alder, Black/Hazel Alnus rugosa Catalpa, Southern bignonioides Gum, Sweet styriciflua Allspice, Carolina/ Cedar, Eastern Red Juniperus virginiana Sweet Shrub Calycanthus floridus Cedar, Hackberry Celtis laevigata Ashes, Native Fraxinus spp. Atlantic/Southern Chamaecyparis Hawthorn, Native Crataegus spp. White thyoides Hawthorn, Barberry- Ash, Green F. pennsylvanicum Cherry, Black Prunus serotina leaf C. berberifolia Ash, Carolina F. caroliniana Hawthorn, Cherry, Choke Aronia arbutifolia Ash, Pumpkin F. profunda Blueberry C. brachycantha Cherry-laurel Prunus caroliniana Hawthorn, Green C. viridis Ash, White F. americana Chinquapin Castanea pumila Hawthorn, Mayhaw C. aestivalis/opaca Rhododendron Coralbean, Azalea, Pink canescens Eastern/Mamou Erythrina herbacea Hawthorn, Parsley C. marshallii Azalea, Florida Rhododendron Crabapple, Southern Malus angustifolia Hickories, Native Carya spp. Flame austrinum Creeper, Trumpet Campsis radicans Hickory, Black C. texana Anise, Star Illicium floridanum Parthenocissus Anise, Hickory, Bitternut C. cordiformes Creeper, Virginia quinquefolia Yellow/Florida Illicium parviflorum Hickory, Mockernut C. tomentosa Azalea, Florida Rhododendron Crossvine Bignonia capreolata Flame austrinum Hickory, Nutmeg C. myristiciformes Cucumber Tree Magnolia acuminata Rhododendron Hickory, PECAN C. illinoensis Azalea, Pink canescens Cypress, Bald Taxodium distichum Hickory, Pignut C. glabra Rhododendron Cypress, Pond Taxodium ascendens serrulatum, Hickory, Shagbark C. ovata Cyrilla, Swamp/Titi Cyrilla racemiflora viscosum, Hickory, Azalea, White oblongifolium Cyrilla, Little-leaf Cyrilla parvifolia Water/Bitter Pecan C. aquatica Baccharis/ Groundsel Bush Baccharis halimifolia Devil’s Walkingstick Aralia spinosa Hollies, Native Ilex spp. Baccharis, Salt- Osmanthus Holly, American I. -
Recommended Urban Trees Wilmington, De Area (Usda Hardiness Zone 7)
RECOMMENDED URBAN TREES WILMINGTON, DE AREA (USDA HARDINESS ZONE 7) BEFORE PLANTING: THINGS TO REMEMBER! • Street trees provide many benefits beyond beautification of our neighborhoods and city. They can reduce cooling costs in summer, improve property values, attract residents and businesses, and revitalize communities. Contact the Delaware Center for Horticulture to learn more about the many benefits of urban trees and to get involved with your own neighborhood street tree project, for further recommendations, or to request a new Wilmington street tree through the DCH Tree Program. • The approval of a Wilmington Street Tree Permit is required before planting any tree in the public right-of-way (generally determined as between the sidewalk and the curb, in a tree lawn, grass strip or tree pit in sidewalk). According to the Wilmington City Code, Chapter 46 (Vegetation), street tree maintenance is the responsibility of the respective property owner. Contact the Delaware Center for Horticulture or the Wilmington Department of Public Works for a permit form or for more information. • The selection of an appropriate street tree is essential to its success. Criteria such as soil space, underground or overhead utilities, sidewalk and curbing considerations, ultimate size, tolerance of urban conditions, and general species information must be considered before selecting a street tree for planting. Proper care during establishment of a young tree is also crucial and can reduce the need for costly maintenance in the future. • Many popular trees do not appear on this list for a variety of reasons. The Delaware Center for Horticulture does NOT recommend nor approve the planting of Callery pear cultivars (Pyrus calleryana, e.g. -
Richard Chinn Environmental Training, Inc. Info
Scientific Name Common Name Region 6 Habit Scientific Name Common Name Region 6 Habit Abies balsamea FIR,BALSAM FACW NT Amaranthus californicus AMARANTH,CALIFORNIA NI ANF Abutilon theophrasti VELVET-LEAF NI AIF Amaranthus crassipes AMARANTH,TROPICAL FAC+ AIF Acacia greggii ACACIA,CATCLAW UPL NST Amaranthus greggii AMARANTH,GREGGIS FAC ANF Acacia smallii HUISACHE FACU NTS Amaranthus obcordatus AMARANTH,TRANS PECOS NI ANF Acalypha rhomboidea COPPER-LEAF,COMMON UPL* ANF Amaranthus palmeri AMARANTH,PALMER'S FACU- ANF Acalypha virginica MERCURY,THREE-SEEDED UPL* ANF Amaranthus retroflexus AMARANTH,RED-ROOT FACU- ANF Acer negundo BOX-ELDER FACW- NT Amaranthus rudis AMARANTH,TALL FAC ANF Acer rubrum MAPLE,DRUMMOND RED FACW NT Amaranthus spinosus AMARANTH,SPINY FACU- ANF Acer rubrum MAPLE,TRIDENT RED NI NT Amaranthus tuberculatus AMARANTH,ROUGH-FRUIT NI ANF Acer rubrum MAPLE,RED FAC NT Ambrosia artemisiifolia RAGWEED,ANNUAL FACU- ANF Acer saccharinum MAPLE,SILVER FAC NT Ambrosia grayi BURSAGE,WOOLLY-LEAF FACW PNF Acer saccharum MAPLE,SUGAR UPL NT Ambrosia psilostachya RAGWEED,NAKED-SPIKE FAC- PNF Achillea millefolium YARROW,COMMON FACU PNF Ambrosia trifida RAGWEED,GREAT FAC ANF Acorus calamus SWEETFLAG OBL PIEF Amelanchier alnifolia SERVICE-BERRY,SASKATOON FAC- NS Adiantum capillus-veneris FERN,SOUTHERN MAIDEN-HAIR FACW+ PNF3 Amelanchier arborea SERVICE-BERRY,DOWNY FACU NT Adiantum pedatum FERN,NORTHERN MAIDEN-HAIR FAC PNF3 Amianthium muscaetoxicum FLYPOISON FAC PNF Adiantum tricholepis FERN,HAIRY MAIDEN-HAIR FAC PNF3 Ammannia auriculata AMMANNIA,RED-STEM -
Fungal Evolution: Major Ecological Adaptations and Evolutionary Transitions
Biol. Rev. (2019), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12510 Fungal evolution: major ecological adaptations and evolutionary transitions Miguel A. Naranjo-Ortiz1 and Toni Gabaldon´ 1,2,3∗ 1Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain 2 Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain 3ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the absence of phagotrophy and the presence of a chitinous cell wall. While unicellular fungi are far from rare, part of the evolutionary success of the group resides in their ability to grow indefinitely as a cylindrical multinucleated cell (hypha). Armed with these morphological traits and with an extremely high metabolical diversity, fungi have conquered numerous ecological niches and have shaped a whole world of interactions with other living organisms. Herein we survey the main evolutionary and ecological processes that have guided fungal diversity. We will first review the ecology and evolution of the zoosporic lineages and the process of terrestrialization, as one of the major evolutionary transitions in this kingdom. Several plausible scenarios have been proposed for fungal terrestralization and we here propose a new scenario, which considers icy environments as a transitory niche between water and emerged land. We then focus on exploring the main ecological relationships of Fungi with other organisms (other fungi, protozoans, animals and plants), as well as the origin of adaptations to certain specialized ecological niches within the group (lichens, black fungi and yeasts). -
Stegophora Ulmea
EuropeanBlackwell Publishing, Ltd. and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization Organisation Européenne et Méditerranéenne pour la Protection des Plantes Data sheets on quarantine pests Fiches informatives sur les organismes de quarantaine Stegophora ulmea widespread from the Great Plains to the Atlantic Ocean. Sydow Identity (1936) reported a foliar disease of Ulmus davidiana caused by Name: Stegophora ulmea (Fries) Sydow & Sydow Stegophora aemula in China stating that the pathogen differs Synonyms: Gnomonia ulmea (Fries) Thümen, Sphaeria ulmea from ‘the closely related Gnomonia ulmea’ by the ‘mode of Fries, Dothidella ulmea (Fries) Ellis & Everhart, Lambro ulmea growth’ on elm. Since, 1999, S. ulmea has repeatedly been (Fries) E. Müller detected in consignments of bonsais from China, in UK and the Taxonomic position: Fungi: Ascomycetes: Diaporthales Netherlands, suggesting that the pathogen probably occurs in Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature: the anamorph is of China. In Europe, there is a doubtful record of ‘G. ulmicolum’ acervular type, containing both macroconidia, of ‘Gloeosporium’ on leaves and fruits of elm in Romania (Georgescu & Petrescu, type, and microconidia, of ‘Cylindrosporella’ type. Various cited by Peace (1962)), which has not been confirmed since. In anamorph names in different form-genera have been the Netherlands, S. ulmea was introduced into a glasshouse in used (‘Gloeosporium’ ulmeum ‘Gloeosporium’ ulmicolum, 2000, on ornamental bonsais, but was successfully eradicated Cylindrosporella ulmea, Asteroma ulmeum), -
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S. -
The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project Fungi Occurrence Dataset
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 15: 59–72 (2016)The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset 59 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9765 DATA PAPER MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset Francisco Pando1, Margarita Dueñas1, Carlos Lado1, María Teresa Telleria1 1 Real Jardín Botánico-CSIC, Claudio Moyano 1, 28014, Madrid, Spain Corresponding author: Francisco Pando ([email protected]) Academic editor: C. Gueidan | Received 5 July 2016 | Accepted 25 August 2016 | Published 13 September 2016 Citation: Pando F, Dueñas M, Lado C, Telleria MT (2016) The Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset. MycoKeys 15: 59–72. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.15.9765 Resource citation: Pando F, Dueñas M, Lado C, Telleria MT (2016) Flora Mycologica Iberica Project fungi occurrence dataset. v1.18. Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC). Dataset/Occurrence. http://www.gbif.es/ipt/resource?r=floramicologicaiberi ca&v=1.18, http://doi.org/10.15468/sssx1e Abstract The dataset contains detailed distribution information on several fungal groups. The information has been revised, and in many times compiled, by expert mycologist(s) working on the monographs for the Flora Mycologica Iberica Project (FMI). Records comprise both collection and observational data, obtained from a variety of sources including field work, herbaria, and the literature. The dataset contains 59,235 records, of which 21,393 are georeferenced. These correspond to 2,445 species, grouped in 18 classes. The geographical scope of the dataset is Iberian Peninsula (Continental Portugal and Spain, and Andorra) and Balearic Islands. The complete dataset is available in Darwin Core Archive format via the Global Biodi- versity Information Facility (GBIF).