Ophiostoma Novo-Ulmi Subsp. Novo-Ulmi(ニレ類立枯病 菌)に関する病害虫リスクアナリシス報告書
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Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus Rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba By
Biology and Management of the Dutch Elm Disease Vector, Hylurgopinus rufipes Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Manitoba by Sunday Oghiakhe A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Entomology University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2014 Sunday Oghiakhe Abstract Hylurgopinus rufipes, the native elm bark beetle (NEBB), is the major vector of Dutch elm disease (DED) in Manitoba. Dissections of American elms (Ulmus americana), in the same year as DED symptoms appeared in them, showed that NEBB constructed brood galleries in which a generation completed development, and adult NEBB carrying DED spores would probably leave the newly-symptomatic trees. Rapid removal of freshly diseased trees, completed by mid-August, will prevent spore-bearing NEBB emergence, and is recommended. The relationship between presence of NEBB in stained branch sections and the total number of NEEB per tree could be the basis for methods to prioritize trees for rapid removal. Numbers and densities of overwintering NEBB in elm trees decreased with increasing height, with >70% of the population overwintering above ground doing so in the basal 15 cm. Substantial numbers of NEBB overwinter below the soil surface, and could be unaffected by basal spraying. Mark-recapture studies showed that frequency of spore bearing by overwintering beetles averaged 45% for the wild population and 2% for marked NEBB released from disease-free logs. Most NEBB overwintered close to their emergence site, but some traveled ≥4.8 km before wintering. Studies comparing efficacy of insecticides showed that chlorpyrifos gave 100% control of overwintering NEBB for two years as did bifenthrin: however, permethrin and carbaryl provided transient efficacy. -
The Identification of Ophiostoma Novo-Ulmi Subsp. Americana from Portland Elms
The Identification of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americana from Portland Elms by Benjamin K. Au A PROJECT Submitted to Oregon State University University Honors College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Honor Baccalaureate of Science in Biology (Honors Scholar) Presented on March 5, 2014 Commencement June 2014 AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Benjamin K. Au for the degree of Honors Baccalaureate of Science in Biology presented on March 5th, 2014. Title: The Identification of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. americana from Portland Elms. Abstract approved: Melodie Putnam Dutch elm disease (DED) is a disease of elm trees caused by three species of Ascomycota fungi: Ophiostoma ulmi, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, and Ophiostoma himal-ulmi. There are also two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi: subsp. americana and subsp. novo-ulmi. The pathogen is spread by bark beetles, which inhabit and traverse different elms. O. novo-ulmi is noted to be more aggressive than O. ulmi, and thus many areas in which O. ulmi had been dominant are being replaced by O. novo-ulmi. Epidemiology of DED has been studied in areas including Spain, New Zealand, and Austria. Studies of the disease in the United States are not as prevalent. This study attempts to identify to subspecies, 14 fungal strains isolated from diseased elms growing in Portland, Oregon. Goals include determination of the relative abundance of O. novo-ulmi and O. ulmi. Most elm surveys categorize diseased elms as having signs of DED, but do not specify the causal species or subspecies. Another goal is to develop methods that can be used to differentiate between the species and subspecies of Ophiostoma, based on growth rate and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). -
The Mitochondrial Genome of Ophiostoma Himal-Ulmi and Comparison with Other Dutch Elm Disease Causing Fungi
Canadian Journal of Microbiology The mitochondrial genome of Ophiostoma himal-ulmi and comparison with other Dutch elm disease causing fungi. Journal: Canadian Journal of Microbiology Manuscript ID cjm-2020-0589.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Feb-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Wai, Alvan; University of Manitoba, Hausner, Georg; University of Manitoba, Buller Building 213 Keyword: Introns, Ophiostomatales, homing endonucleases, Dutch Elm Disease Is the invited manuscript for Draft consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 42 Canadian Journal of Microbiology 1 The mitochondrial genome of Ophiostoma himal-ulmi and comparison with other Dutch 2 elm disease causing fungi. 3 4 Alvan Wai and Georg Hausner# 5 Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 6 #Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 8 Draft 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Microbiology Page 2 of 42 9 Abstract 10 The mitochondrial genome of Ophiostoma himal-ulmi, a species endemic to the Western 11 Himalayas and a member of the Dutch elm disease-causing fungi, has been sequenced and 12 characterized. The mitochondrial genome was compared with other available genomes for 13 members of the Ophiostomatales, including other agents of Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi, 14 Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subspecies novo-ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subspecies americana) 15 and it was observed that gene synteny is highly conserved and variability among members of the 16 Dutch-elm disease-causing fungi is primarily due to the number of intron insertions. -
Fungi Associated with the North American Spruce Beetle, Dendroctonus Rufipennis
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen 1815 NOTE / NOTE Fungi associated with the North American spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis Diana L. Six and Barbara J. Bentz Abstract: Fungi were isolated from individual Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) collected from six populations in Alaska, Colorado, Utah, and Minnesota, U.S.A. In all populations, Leptographium abietinum (Peck) Wingfield was the most commonly isolated mycelial fungus (91–100% of beetles). All beetles in all populations were associated with yeasts and some with only yeasts (0–5%). In one population, Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannf. was also present on 5% of the beetles but always in combination with L. abietinum and yeasts. Ophiostoma piceae (Munch) H. & P. Sydow was found on 2% of beetles in another population. Ceratocystis rufipenni Wingfield, Harrington & Solheim, previously reported as an associate of D. rufipennis, was not isolated from beetles in this study. Ceratocystis rufipenni is a viru- lent pathogen of host Picea, which has led to speculation that C. rufipenni aids the beetle in overcoming tree defenses and therefore contributes positively to the overall success of the beetle during colonization. However, our results, con- sidered along with those of others, indicate that C. rufipenni may be absent from many populations of D. rufipennis and may be relatively rare in those populations in which it is found. If this is true, C. rufipenni may be only a minor or incidental associate of D. rufipennis and, as such, not likely to have significant impacts on beetle success or popula- tion dynamics. Alternatively, the rarity of C. rufipenni in our and others isolations may be due to difficulties in isolat- ing this fungus in the presence of other faster growing fungi such as L. -
Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Three Spruce-Infesting Bark Beetles
Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three spruce-infesting bark beetles in Slovenia Andreja Repe, Thomas Kirisits, Barbara Piškur, Maarten Groot, Bojka Kump, Maja Jurc To cite this version: Andreja Repe, Thomas Kirisits, Barbara Piškur, Maarten Groot, Bojka Kump, et al.. Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three spruce-infesting bark beetles in Slovenia. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2013, 70 (7), pp.717-727. 10.1007/s13595-013-0311-y. hal-01201512 HAL Id: hal-01201512 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01201512 Submitted on 17 Sep 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annals of Forest Science (2013) 70:717–727 DOI 10.1007/s13595-013-0311-y ORIGINAL PAPER Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three spruce-infesting bark beetles in Slovenia Andreja Repe & Thomas Kirisits & Barbara Piškur & Maarten de Groot & Bojka Kump & Maja Jurc Received: 5 December 2012 /Accepted: 1 July 2013 /Published online: 26 July 2013 # INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2013 Abstract & Methods Bark beetles were sampled in four phytogeo- & Context Ophiostomatoid fungi can severely affect the graphic regions in Slovenia. The fungi found on the bark health and economic value of Norway spruce trees (Picea beetles were identified based on morphology, DNA se- abies). -
Evaluation of Effect of Ophiostoma Novo-Ulmi on Four Major Wood Species of the Elm Family in Rasht (North West of Iran)
Vol. 7(8), pp. 794-798, August 2013 DOI: 10.5897/AJEST2013.1489 African Journal of Environmental Science and ISSN 1996-0786 © 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/AJEST Technology Full Length Research Paper Evaluation of effect of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi on four major wood species of the elm family in Rasht (North West of Iran) Shaghayegh Zolghadry1*, Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaee2 and Javad Torkaman3 1Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Guilan, Iran. 2Department of Forestry, University of Natural Resources, Guilan, Iran. 3Department of Forestry, University of Natural Resources, Guilan, Iran. Accepted 1 August, 2013 Dutch elm disease is the most common and destructive disease of the elm family. The pathogen of Ophiostoma novo-ulmi will systematically lead to the blockage of xylems and cavities, and will finally lead to the development of wilt symptoms. The present study aimed to compare the diameter size of vessels and the number of xylary rays in four species: Ulmus carpinifolia, Ulmus glabra, Zelkova carpinifolia and Celtis australis as important factors in host resistance to elm disease. To do this, some samples were randomly collected from 10 cm above the place of seedling’s inoculation. The test results showed that there was a significant difference at 1% probability level among the measured indicators in these four species, the maximum diameter of vessel and the maximum number of xylary rays belonged to U. carpinifolia. According to the results, Ulmus campestris was more sensitive towards Dutch elm disease as compared to the other three species, and C. australis had the greatest resistance to Dutch elm disease. -
Pathogenicity of Three Blue-Stain Fungi Associated with the Bark Beetle Ips Typographus to Norway Spruce in Austria
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde Jahr/Year: 1998 Band/Volume: 7 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kirisits Thomas Artikel/Article: Pathogenicity of three blue-stain fungi associated with the bark beetle Ips typographus to Norway spruce in Austria. 191-201 ©Österreichische Mykologische Gesellschaft, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Österr. Z. Pilzk. 7(1998) 191 Pathogenicity of three blue-stain fungi associated with the bark beetle Ipstypogruphus to Norway spruce in Austria THOMAS KIRISITS. e-mail: KiRiSiTS(<redvl.boku.ac.at Institute of Forest Entomology. Forest Pathology and Forest Protection University of Agricultural Sciences Vienna Hasenauerstraße 38 A-1190 Vienna. Austria Received July 6. 1998 Key words: Ascomycetes. ophiostomatoid blue-stain fungi. Ceratocxstis polonica, Ophiostoma bicolor. Ophiostoma europhionk's. lp\ typography. Piceu abies. - Pathogenicity. virulence. Abstract: In an inoculation experiment the pathogeniciry of Ceratocystis pnltmica. Ophiostoma hicolor and O. turophioidcs. associated with the spruce bark beetle Ips typographits was evaluated. All three fungi gave rise to lesions on the inoculated Norway spruce trees. However, only (". polonica caused obvious discoloration of the sapwood and it also killed one tree Ophiostoma ewophioides and O bi- color displayed also some levels of \ imlence. These species killed considerable portions of the phloem, but did not cause discoloration of the sapwood. Thus. C. polonica appears to play an important role in the tree killing process following attack by / typography. The role of the other fungi associated with this insect remains questionable. This is the first report of pathogenicity of ophiostomatoid fungi as- sociated with Ips typographic outside Scandinavia. -
Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch Elm Disease
Evira Research Reports 1/2016 Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Evira Research Reports 1/2016 Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Authors Salla Hannunen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Mariela Marinova-Todorova, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Project group Salla Hannunen, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Mariela Marinova-Todorova, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Minna Terho, City of Helsinki Anne Uimari, Natural Resources Institute Finland Special thanks J.A. (Jelle) Hiemstra, Wageningen UR Tytti Kontula, Finnish Environment Institute Åke Lindelöw, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Michail Yu Mandelshtam, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University Alberto Santini, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Italy Juha Siitonen, Natural Resources Institute Finland Halvor Solheim, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Joan Webber, Forest Research, UK Cover pictures: Audrius Menkis DESCRIPTION Publisher Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira Title Pest Risk Assessment for Dutch elm disease Authors Salla Hannunen, Mariela Marinova-Todorova Abstract Dutch elm disease (DED) is a fungal disease that causes high mortality of elms. DED and its vector beetles are widely present in most of the countries in the Northern Hemisphere, but they are not known to be present in Finland. DED is a major risk to plant health in Finland. DED and its vectors are moderately likely to enter Finland by natural spread aided by hitchhiking, because they are present in areas close to Finland. Entry via other pathways is much less likely, mainly due to the low volume of trade of untreated wood and plants for planting. DED and its vectors could likely establish in the southern parts of the country, since they currently occur in similar climatic conditions in other countries. -
Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a Novel Lineage
Mycologia, 103(6), 2011, pp. 1351–1371. DOI: 10.3852/11-102 # 2011 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 Savoryellales (Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes): a novel lineage of aquatic ascomycetes inferred from multiple-gene phylogenies of the genera Ascotaiwania, Ascothailandia, and Savoryella Nattawut Boonyuen1 Canalisporium) formed a new lineage that has Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology invaded both marine and freshwater habitats, indi- Unit (BTU), National Center for Genetic Engineering cating that these genera share a common ancestor and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science and are closely related. Because they show no clear Park, Phaholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, and Department of relationship with any named order we erect a new Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart order Savoryellales in the subclass Hypocreomyceti- University, 50 Phaholyothin Road, Chatuchak, dae, Sordariomycetes. The genera Savoryella and Bangkok 10900, Thailand Ascothailandia are monophyletic, while the position Charuwan Chuaseeharonnachai of Ascotaiwania is unresolved. All three genera are Satinee Suetrong phylogenetically related and form a distinct clade Veera Sri-indrasutdhi similar to the unclassified group of marine ascomy- Somsak Sivichai cetes comprising the genera Swampomyces, Torpedos- E.B. Gareth Jones pora and Juncigera (TBM clade: Torpedospora/Bertia/ Mycology Laboratory (BMYC), Bioresources Technology Melanospora) in the Hypocreomycetidae incertae -
A New Ophiostoma Species in the O. Pluriannulatum Complex from Loblolly Pine Roots
A new Ophiostoma species in the O. pluriannulatum complex from loblolly pine roots. *Zanzot, James W.1, de Beer, Z. Wilhelm2, Eckhardt, Lori G.1, and Wingfield, Michael J.2. 1. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, AL, 36849 2. Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Abstract: Various Ophiostomatoid fungi have been implicated as contributing factors to the decline of pines in the southeastern USA. During a survey for these fungi in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) roots at Fort Benning, GA, we encountered a species of Ophiostoma with a Sporothrix anamorph, morphologically similar to O. pluriannulatum. This species has not been reported from pine roots in this region. Moreover, a closely related congener, O. subannulatum, is reported to infect conifer roots, and we sought to identify this fungus based on morphology, as well as ITS and beta-tubulin sequence comparisons. Isolates observed were grossly similar to those of O. pluriannulatum, with unusually long perithecial necks, but different in culture morphology. Sequences of the ITS rDNA were identical to those of O. pluriannulatum, and similar to O.multiannulatum and O. subannulatum. Sequence data from the beta-tubulin gene region revealed the absence of intron 4 and presence of intron 5, similar to the latter two species, but distinct from O. pluriannulatum, which has intron 4 and not intron 5. Phylogenetic analyses of beta-tubulin sequences showed that all of our isolates group together in a clade distinct from O. multiannulatum and O. subannulatum. Given the arrangement of introns, we believe that our isolates represent a novel species. -
Elmcare.Com - All About Elm Trees and Elm Tree Care
Elmcare.com - All about elm trees and elm tree care. Home | Elm Care Products | Register your Elm | Forum Last Update 17/12/01 Customized Elm Tree Care Kits Did you know a new wild bird seed has been developed and tested that Custom care kits include actually repels squirrels? How Trees Work specialized and innovative soil Click here to learn about Squirrel Proof Wild Bird treatments designed to promote About Elm Trees Seed. root development and the long- Caring for Your Elm term health and vitality of your Elm Tree Diseases elm. A healthier elm will be better able to fight against Dutch elm disease. Elm Tree Links more Quick Elm Facts Elm Tree Registry Visit TreeHelp.com for all of your tree and shrub Register your elm tree to receive customized care care needs advice...more. Return of the Stately Elm Writer and broadcaster Jamie Swift examines the Canadian city of Winnipeg's struggle to combat Dutch elm disease. Through the work of community groups like the Coalition to Save the Elms and innovative technology, the city has achieved substantial success... more. http://www.elmcare.com/index.htm (1 of 2) [2/27/02 10:29:57 PM] Elmcare.com - All about elm trees and elm tree care. New Treatments for Elms in History Elm Tree Links Dutch Elm Disease? Look at elms in the context of Links to a growing community of Researchers examine new ways to human history. academics, homeowners and fight this devastating disease. professional tree care experts. Elms in Literature Elm Species Quick Elm Facts Read what some of the world's Elms come in many sizes and leading poets and authors have Discover something new and shapes...learn about them all. -
Dutch Elm Disease and Its Control
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service EPP-7602 Dutch Elm Disease and Its Control Eric Rebek Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets Associate Professor/State Extension Specialist are also available on our website at: Horticultural Entomology http://osufacts.okstate.edu Jennifer Olson Assistant Extension Specialist/Plant Disease Diagnostician Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Laboratory Fungal Transmission by Beetles Dutch elm disease (DED) is one of the most destructive In the U.S., the fungus can be spread from infected to healthy shade tree diseases in North America and has become one of elms by several species of elm bark beetle: smaller European the most widely known and destructive tree diseases in the world. elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus; banded elm bark beetle, All species of elms native to North America are susceptible to Scolytus schevyrewi; and the native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopi- DED, but it is most damaging to American elm, Ulmus americana. nus rufipes (Figures 4 to 6). Smaller European elm bark beetle American elm was one of the most widely planted shade trees is the original and primary vector of Ophiostoma species, and in the United States due to its unique vase-shaped growth form until recently it has been the only significant vector throughout and its hardiness under a wide range of conditions. most of its range. In the extreme northern edge of its range Dutch elm disease was first described in the Netherlands (i.e., upper Midwest), the native elm bark beetle is an important in 1919. The disease spread rapidly in Europe and by 1934 was vector, although not nearly as efficient as the smaller European found in most European countries.