Indian Polity
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Chapter 43 Electoral Statistics
CHAPTER 43 ELECTORAL STATISTICS 43.1 India is a constitutional democracy with a parliamentary system of government, and at the heart of the system is a commitment to hold regular, free and fair elections. These elections determine the composition of the Government, the membership of the two houses of parliament, the state and union territory legislative assemblies, and the Presidency and vice-presidency. Elections are conducted according to the constitutional provisions, supplemented by laws made by Parliament. The major laws are Representation of the People Act, 1950, which mainly deals with the preparation and revision of electoral rolls, the Representation of the People Act, 1951 which deals, in detail, with all aspects of conduct of elections and post election disputes. 43.2 The Election Commission of India is an autonomous, quasi-judiciary constitutional body of India. Its mission is to conduct free and fair elections in India. It was established on 25 January, 1950 under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. Since establishment of Election Commission of India, free and fair elections have been held at regular intervals as per the principles enshrined in the Constitution, Electoral Laws and System. The Constitution of India has vested in the Election Commission of India the superintendence, direction and control of the entire process for conduct of elections to Parliament and Legislature of every State and to the offices of President and Vice- President of India. The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. There was just one Chief Election Commissioner till October, 1989. In 1989, two Election Commissioners were appointed, but were removed again in January 1990. -
Parliament of India R a J Y a S a B H a Committees
Com. Co-ord. Sec. PARLIAMENT OF INDIA R A J Y A S A B H A COMMITTEES OF RAJYA SABHA AND OTHER PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES AND BODIES ON WHICH RAJYA SABHA IS REPRESENTED (Corrected upto 4th September, 2020) RAJYA SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI (4th September, 2020) Website: http://www.rajyasabha.nic.in E-mail: [email protected] OFFICERS OF RAJYA SABHA CHAIRMAN Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu SECRETARY-GENERAL Shri Desh Deepak Verma PREFACE The publication aims at providing information on Members of Rajya Sabha serving on various Committees of Rajya Sabha, Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees, Joint Committees and other Bodies as on 30th June, 2020. The names of Chairmen of the various Standing Committees and Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committees along with their local residential addresses and telephone numbers have also been shown at the beginning of the publication. The names of Members of the Lok Sabha serving on the Joint Committees on which Rajya Sabha is represented have also been included under the respective Committees for information. Change of nominations/elections of Members of Rajya Sabha in various Parliamentary Committees/Statutory Bodies is an ongoing process. As such, some information contained in the publication may undergo change by the time this is brought out. When new nominations/elections of Members to Committees/Statutory Bodies are made or changes in these take place, the same get updated in the Rajya Sabha website. The main purpose of this publication, however, is to serve as a primary source of information on Members representing various Committees and other Bodies on which Rajya Sabha is represented upto a particular period. -
Constitutional Development in India
1 Department – Political Science and Human Rights Semester- B.A. 2nd Semester Paper- Indian Government and Politics Note- I do not claim the material provided hereunder as my intellectual property as this is the collection from the writings of different scholars uploaded on websites. I have just collected, edited and arranged articles in one file according to syllabus for the purpose of enriching the students for preparation of their exams during the lockdown period. Students can also use various online sources for better understanding. I expressed my heartfelt thanks to all the authors whose writings have been incorporated in preparing this material. Constitutional Development in India Constitution is the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it. It is a written instrument embodying the rules of a political or social organization. It is a method in which a state or society is organized and sovereign power is distributed. A constitution is a set of fundamental principles according to which a state is constituted or governed. The Constitution specifies the basic allocation of power in a State and decides who gets to decide what the laws will be. The Constitution first defines how a Parliament will be organized and empowers the Parliament to decide the laws and policies. The Constitution sets some limitations on the Government as to what extent a Government can impose rules and policies on its citizen. These limits are fundamental in the sense that the Government may never trespass them. -
The Nehru Years in Indian Politics
Edinburgh Papers In South Asian Studies Number 16 (2001) ________________________________________________________________________ The Nehru Years in Indian Politics Suranjan Das Department of History University of Calcutta For further information about the Centre and its activities, please contact the Convenor Centre for South Asian Studies, School of Social & Political Studies, University of Edinburgh, 55 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LL. e-mail: [email protected] web page: www.ed.ac.uk/sas/ ISBN: 1 900 795 16 7 Paper Price: £2 inc. postage and packing 2 THE NEHRU YEARS IN INDIAN POLTICS: FROM A HISTORICAL HINDSIGHT Suranjan Das Professor, Department of History University of Calcutta and Director, Netaji Institute For Asian Studies, Calcutta The premise Not surprisingly, Jawaharlal Nehru’s years (1947-1964) as the first Prime Minister of the world’s largest democracy have attracted the attention of historians and other social scientists. Most of the works on Jawaharlal have, however, tended to be biographical in nature, and sympathetic in content. The best example of this trend is S. Gopal’s three-volume masterpiece. Amongst other historical biographies on Nehru, one should mention B.R. Nanda’s The Nehrus, R. Zakaria’s edited A Study of Nehru, Michael Brecher’s Nehru, a political biography, Norman Dorothy’s, Nehru: The First Sixty Years and Frank Moraes’ Jawaharlal Nehru: a biography. The latest in the biographical series comes from Judith Brown, and is simply entitled Nehru. Amongst the books celebrating Nehruvian ideals it also possible to include the earlier works of Rajni Kothari, particularly his Politics In India (1970) where he discussed the Congress system developed under Nehru. -
Political and Planning History of Delhi Date Event Colonial India 1819 Delhi Territory Divided City Into Northern and Southern Divisions
Political and Planning History of Delhi Date Event Colonial India 1819 Delhi Territory divided city into Northern and Southern divisions. Land acquisition and building of residential plots on East India Company’s lands 1824 Town Duties Committee for development of colonial quarters of Cantonment, Khyber Pass, Ridge and Civil Lines areas 1862 Delhi Municipal Commission (DMC) established under Act no. 26 of 1850 1863 Delhi Municipal Committee formed 1866 Railway lines, railway station and road links constructed 1883 First municipal committee set up 1911 Capital of colonial India shifts to Delhi 1912 Town Planning Committee constituted by colonial government with J.A. Brodie and E.L. Lutyens as members for choosing site of new capital 1914 Patrick Geddes visits Delhi and submits report on the walled city (now Old Delhi)1 1916 Establishment of Raisina Municipal Committee to provide municiap services to construction workers, became New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) 1931 Capital became functional; division of roles between CPWD, NDMC, DMC2 1936 A.P. Hume publishes Report on the Relief of Congestion in Delhi (commissioned by Govt. of India) to establish an industrial colony on outskirts of Delhi3 March 2, 1937 Delhi Improvement Trust (DIT) established with A.P. Hume as Chairman to de-congest Delhi4, continued till 1951 Post-colonial India 1947 Flux of refugees in Delhi post-Independence 1948 New neighbourhoods set up in urban fringe, later called ‘greater Delhi’ 1949 Central Coordination Committee for development of greater Delhi set up under -
July 2021.Cdr
St. Norbert Campus Chronicles Vol -2, Issue 2 St. Norbert School, CBSE Affliation No: 831041, Chowhalli, T. Narasipura - 571124 July - 2021 World Day for International Justice - By Amruth world as part of an effort to recognize fact that on the same day the year 2010 decided to celebrate July the system of international criminal International Criminal Court was 17 as World Day for International justice and for the people to pay established. The International Justice. In addition, 'Social Justice in attention to serious crimes happening Criminal Court which was the Digital Economy' has been around the world. This day is also established on this day along with adopted as this year's theme to known as international criminal ratification of the Rome Statute is a celebrate the World Day for "True peace is not merely the absence justice day, which aims at the mechanism to bring to book grave International Justice. The theme of of tension but it is the presence of importance of bringing justice to crimes and ensure harsh punishment Social Justice in the Digital Justice", famous quotation by Martin people against crimes, wars and for criminals resorting to crimes at Economy also points to the large Luther King which means that genocides. The world celebrates the the international level. Apart from digital divide between haves and genuine peace requires the presence World Day for International Justice paying homage to the people and have nots. The topic is extremely of Justice, but the absence of conflict celebrating the virtues of justice organisations committed to the cause relevant for this year as with the swift and violence. -
Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution - Article 246
Seventh Schedule of Indian Constitution - Article 246 The 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the division of powers between the Union government and State governments. It is a part of 12 Schedules of Indian Constitution. The division of powers between Union and State is notified through three kinds of the list mentioned in the seventh schedule: 1. Union List – List I 2. State List – List II 3. Concurrent List – List III Union List, State List, Concurrent List – Introduction As mentioned earlier, Article 246 deals with the 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution that mentions three lists named as Union List, State List and Concurrent List which specify the divisions of power between Union and States. The key features of Union List, State List & Concurrent List are mentioned in the tables below: 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution – Union List It originally had 97 subjects. Now, it has 100 subjects Centre has exclusive powers to makes laws on the subjects mentioned under the Union List of Indian Constitution The Union List signifies the strong centre as it has more subjects than state list It contains more important subjects than included in any of the other two lists All the issues/matters that are important for the nation and those requiring uniformity of legislation nationwide are included in the Union List The dominance of Union List over State List is secured by the Constitution of India as in any conflict between the two or overlapping, the Union List prevails Law made by the Parliament on a subject of the Union List can confer powers and impose duties on a state, or authorise the conferring of powers and imposition of duties by the Centre upon a state There are 15 subjects in the Union List on which Parliament has an exclusive power to levy taxes 88th Amendment added a new subject in the Union List called ‘taxes on services.’ Supreme Court’s jurisdiction and powers with respect to matters in the Union list can be enlarged by the Parliament 7th Schedule of Indian Constitution – State List It has 61 subjects. -
Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan for Sundarban Joint Management Platform
Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Stakeholderfor andAnalysis Plan Engagement Sund arban Joint ManagementarbanJoint Platform Document Information Title Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan for Sundarban Joint Management Platform Submitted to The World Bank Submitted by International Water Association (IWA) Contributors Bushra Nishat, AJM Zobaidur Rahman, Sushmita Mandal, Sakib Mahmud Deliverable Report on Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan for Sundarban description Joint Management Platform Version number Final Actual delivery date 05 April 2016 Dissemination level Members of the BISRCI Consortia Reference to be Bushra Nishat, AJM Zobaidur Rahman, Sushmita Mandal and Sakib used for citation Mahmud. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Plan for Sundarban Joint Management Platform (2016). International Water Association Cover picture Elderly woman pulling shrimp fry collecting nets in a river in Sundarban by AJM Zobaidur Rahman Contact Bushra Nishat, Programmes Manager South Asia, International Water Association. [email protected] Prepared for the project Bangladesh-India Sundarban Region Cooperation (BISRCI) supported by the World Bank under the South Asia Water Initiative: Sundarban Focus Area Table of Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... i 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... -
The Conservation Action Plan the Ganges River Dolphin
THE CONSERVATION ACTION PLAN FOR THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN 2010-2020 National Ganga River Basin Authority Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Prepared by R. K. Sinha, S. Behera and B. C. Choudhary 2 MINISTER’S FOREWORD I am pleased to introduce the Conservation Action Plan for the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) in the Ganga river basin. The Gangetic Dolphin is one of the last three surviving river dolphin species and we have declared it India's National Aquatic Animal. Its conservation is crucial to the welfare of the Ganga river ecosystem. Just as the Tiger represents the health of the forest and the Snow Leopard represents the health of the mountainous regions, the presence of the Dolphin in a river system signals its good health and biodiversity. This Plan has several important features that will ensure the existence of healthy populations of the Gangetic dolphin in the Ganga river system. First, this action plan proposes a set of detailed surveys to assess the population of the dolphin and the threats it faces. Second, immediate actions for dolphin conservation, such as the creation of protected areas and the restoration of degraded ecosystems, are detailed. Third, community involvement and the mitigation of human-dolphin conflict are proposed as methods that will ensure the long-term survival of the dolphin in the rivers of India. This Action Plan will aid in their conservation and reduce the threats that the Ganges river dolphin faces today. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. R. K. Sinha , Dr. S. K. Behera and Dr. -
Proposals for Constitutional Change in Myanmar from the Joint Parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Amendment International Idea Interim Analysis
PROPOSALS FOR CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN MYANMAR FROM THE JOINT PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT INTERNATIONAL IDEA INTERIM ANALYSIS 1. Background, Purpose and Scope of this Report: On 29 January Myanmar’s Parliament voted to establish a committee to review the constitution and receive proposals for amendments. On July 15 a report containing a catalogue of each of these proposals was circulated in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (Union Legislature). This International IDEA analysis contains an overview and initial assessment of the content of these proposals. From the outset, the Tatmadaw (as well as the Union Solidarity and Development Party - USDP) has objected to this process of constitutional review,i and unless that opposition changes it would mean that the constitutional review process will not be able to proceed much further. Passing a constitutional amendment requires a 75% supermajority in the Union Legislature, which gives the military an effective veto as they have 25% of the seats.1 Nevertheless, the report provides the first official public record of proposed amendments from different political parties, and with it a set of interesting insights into the areas of possible consensus and divergence in future constitutional reform. The importance of this record is amplified by the direct connection of many of the subjects proposed for amendment to the Panglong Peace Process agenda. Thus far, the analyses of this report available publicly have merely counted the number of proposals from each party, and sorted them according to which chapter of the constitution they pertain to. But simply counting proposals does nothing to reveal what changes are sought, and can be misleading – depending on its content, amending one significant article may bring about more actual change than amending fifty other articles. -
India Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in Advance Of
India Report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in advance of India’s initial report on the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict July 2013 Child Soldiers International 9 Marshalsea Road London SE1 1EP United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7367 4110 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7367 4129 [email protected] Director: Richard Clarke Who are child soldiers? Child Soldiers International considers the term child soldier to be equivalent to the following description of children associated with armed forces or groups: A child associated with an armed force or armed group refers to any person below 18 years of age who is, or who has been, recruited or used by an armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys and girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, spies or for sexual purposes. It does not only refer to a child who is taking, or has taken, a direct part in hostilities. Child Soldiers International was formerly the Coalition to Stop the use of Child Soldiers. Child Soldiers International is an international human rights research and advocacy organi- zation. Child Soldiers International seeks to end and prevent the military recruitment and use in hostilities of child soldiers (boys and girls below the age of 18), and other human rights abuses resulting from their association with armed forces or groups. It seeks the release of child soldiers from armed forces or groups, promotes their successful return to civilian life and accountability for those who recruit and use them. -
Union Executive MODULE - 3 Structure of Government
Union Executive MODULE - 3 Structure of Government 10 UNION EXECUTIVE Notes India is a democratic republic with a parliamentary form of government. The government at the Central level is called ‘Union Government’ and at the State level it is known as ‘State Government’. The Union Government has three organs – the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. The President, the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers collectively constitute the Union Executive. In this lesson you will read how the Union Executive is constituted and what functions does it perform. Objectives After studying this lesson, you will be able to l distinguish between the nominal and real executive in a parliamentary democracy; l recall that India is a republic with an elected head of state; l describe the qualifications and method of election of the President of India. l explain the executive, legislative, financial and judicial powers of the President; l explain the position of the President; l describe the role of the Vice-President in the Indian Political System; l describe how the Prime Minister is appointed and how his/her Council of Ministers is constituted; l explain the powers and functions of the Prime Minister and his/her Council of Ministers; l analyse the meaning and implications of the individual and collective responsibility. 10.1 The President We have already read that India is a sovereign democratic republic. The President of India who is head of State, is indirectly elected. 99 MODULE - 3 Political Science Structure of Government Qualifications: The qualifications for the office of President are: (i) should be a citizen of India; (ii) should have completed the age of 35 years; (iii) should be qualified to be elected as a member of Lok Sabha; and (iv) should not hold any office of profit i.e.