DOCSLIB.ORG

Knowledge, Language and Logic: Questions for Quine Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Knowledge, Language and Logic: Questions for Quine Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science KNOWLEDGE, LANGUAGE AND LOGIC: QUESTIONS FOR QUINE BOSTON STUDIES IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Editors ROBERT S. COHEN, Boston University JURGEN RENN, Max-Planck-Institute for the History of Science KOSTAS GAVROGLU, University ofAthens Editorial Advisory Board THOMAS F. GLICK, Boston University ADOLF GRUNBAUM, University of Pittsburgh SYLVAN S. SCHWEBER, Brandeis University JOHN J. STACHEL, Boston University MARX W. WARTOFSKY t (Editor 1960-1997) VOLUME 210 w.v. Quine [Photo: Harvard News Office] KNOWLEDGE, LANGUAGE ANDLOGIC: QUESTIONS FOR QUINE Edited by: ALEX ORENSTEIN Queens College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York and PETR KOTATKO The Philosophical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-0253-3 ISBN 978-94-011-3933-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3933-5 Printed an acid·free paper All Rights Reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. For Professor Quine in celebration of his 90th birthday T ABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE xi EPISTEMOLOGY AND NATURALISM W.V. QUINE / I, You and It: an Epistemological Triangle T. SZUBKA / Quine and Davidson on Perceptual Knowledge 7 A. GEORGE / Quine and Observation 21 A.c. GRAYLING / Naturalistic Assumptions 47 K. LEHRER / Justification, Coherence and Quine 57 L. BERGSTROM / Quine, Empiricism and Truth 63 R.F. GIBSON / Quine, WiUgenstein and Holism 81 N. MISCEVIC / Quining The Apriori 95 O. GJELSVIK / The Epistemology of Decision-Making "Naturalised" 109 LANGUAGE AND INDETERMINACY OF MEANING G. SEGAL / Four Arguments for the Indeterminacy of Translation 131 L. ANTONY / Naturalizing Radical Translation 141 P. HORWICH / On the Existence of Meanings 151 P. P AGIN / Publicness and Indeterminacy 163 F. STOUTLAND / Individual and Social in Quine's Philosophy of Language 181 LOGIC AND PROBLEMS OF REFERENCE A. ORENSTEIN / Plato's Beard, Quine's Stubble and Ockham's Razor 195 T. PARSONS / Indeterminacy of Identity of Objects: An Exercise in Metaphysical Aesthetics 213 ix x TABLE OF CONTENTS P. WOODRUFF / Indefinite Objects of Higher Order 225 S. NEALE / On a Milestone of Empiricism 237 G. RAY / De Re Modality: Lessons from Quine 347 F. RECANATI / Opacity and the Attitudes 367 Quine's Responses 407 Index of Names 431 PREFACE This collection originated at a conference organized by the department of the philo­ sophy of language and philosophy of science of the Philosophical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences held in Karlovy Vary in August 1995. Most of the papers in this volume were presented on that occasion. Professor Quine presented the paper included here and also commented on those given at that time. The ques­ tions for Professor Quine put forward in the present volume are arranged into three sections. They bear on issues in the theory of knowledge, the philosophy of language and the philosophy of logic. To a some extent the organization parallels the treatment Quine himself gives to his views in some recent works. Quine's naturalizing of questions of epistemology involves a naturalistic account of the language employed in recording our knowledge claims and this in tum leads to questions about language and meaning, and logic and reference. The initial essays on naturalized epistemology deal with questions con­ cerning the role of observational factors, which Quine addresses in his paper on Triangulation and which Szubka and George then take up. Grayling and Lehrer ques­ tion the very project of naturalizing epistemology. Gibson considers Quine's relation­ ship to Wittgenstein, Bergstrom an empiricist definition of truth, Miscevic the status of the a priori and Gjelsvik offers a naturalistic account of decision making. The section on the philosophy of language concentrates on Quine's well known conjecture of the indeterminacy of translation. Segal, Antony, Horwich, Pagin and Stoutland examine the conjecture from varying vantage points: Segal suggests that a mentalistic semantics can mitigate against the indeterminacy and Antony that data concerning language acquisition argue that same result, Horwich focuses on whether translation provides the way to approach meaning, Pagin on the public nature of our knowledge of meanings, and Stoutland on the normative nature of rules of language. The last part on logic and reference begins with an examination of the problem concerning vacuous names which Quine dubbed Plato's beard. Parsons and Woodruff then take up matters concerning vagueness. Neale, Ray, and Recanati raise questions concerning issues surrounding opacity: Neale and Rayon modality and Recanati on propositional attitudes. We, and most particularly I, Alex Orenstein, would like to express indebtedness to Queens College of the City University of New York for a presidential research award which provided time to work on this project, to the Faculty Research Award Program of the City University of New York for a grant which aided us in preparing the manuscript for pUblication, to Wolfson, to St. Anne's and to Exeter Colleges, Oxford for the use of their facilities during much of the preparation of this work and to Roger Gibson and Douglas Quine for their help with the proofs. Last of all, we would like to record our gratitude to Marx Wartofsky, whose untimely death pre­ vented our thanking him in person. His help made it possible for this collection to appear in the Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science series. Alex Orenstein and Peter Kotatko xi .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Quine and Whitehead: Ontology and Methodology 3
    McHENRY I QUINE AND WHITEHEAD: ONTOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY 3 philosophical scene as of late (e.g., deconstructionism, postmodem relativism), the and Whitehead: Ontology and gulf that separates Whitehead and analytical philosophy is not as great as it used to Quine 'be.3 Before I begin to explore the affinities, as well as some contrasts, between Methodology . Quine and Whitehead, a word of caution is in order. It is well known that Quine wrote his doctoral dissertation, "The Logic of Sequences: A Generalization of LeemonMcHenry Principia Mathematica," under Whitehead's direction.4 Quine also took two of Whitehead's seminars at Harvard,"Science and the Modem World" and "Cosmol­ I LEEMON McHENRY reaches philosophy at Loyola Marymount University, Los ogies Ancient and Modem," but he says that he "responded little to these courses" Angeles, CA 90045, E-mail: [email protected] and "took refuge in his relatively mathematical material on 'extensive abstrac­ tion. "'s Despite Quine's statement that he "retained a vivid sense of being in the presence of the great," he does not acknowledge any philosophical influence from · Introduction . the ph!losoph!es o!'W.V . Qu�e an d Whitehead. Rather, Camap and Russell are cited as the inspirations of Quine's The very idea· of a basis for comparing . , mcluding Qume himself. early development. A.N. Whitehead may be surprising to most philosophe� . philosophy two completely Both produced systems of thought that have taken m When Quine overlapped with Whitehead at Harvard, Whitehead was deeply at the forefron: of c�ntemp�­ involved in working out the details of his metaphysics of process--a philosophic different directions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mathematics, Time, and Confirmation
    Mathematics, Time, and Confirmation Ulrich Meyer Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematics University of Cambridge, 1995 Submitted to the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy in partial fulfil- ment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. September 2001 Author: ................................. .. .... Department of Linguistics aKPhilosophy August 10, 2001 Certified by: .......................... Robert C. Stalnaker Professor of Philosophy Thesis Supervisor Accepted by: .............. Vann McGee Professor of Philosophy Chair, Committee on Graduate Students @Ulrich Meyer 2001. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants permission to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to reproduce and distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesis in whole or in part. MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OCT 11 2001 ARCMly LIBRARIES Mathematics, Time, and Confirmation by Ulrich Meyer Submitted to The Department of Linguistics and Philosophy on 10 August 2001 in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses two issues about abstract objects: their role in scientific theories, and their relation to time. Chapter 1, "Why Apply Mathematics?" argues that scientific theories are not about the mathematics that is applied in them, and defends this thesis against the Quine-Putnam Indispensability Argument. Chapter 2, "Scientific Ontology," is a critical study of W. V. Quine's claim that metaphysics and mathematics are epistemologically on a par with nat- ural science. It is argued that Quine's view relies on a unacceptable account of empirical confirmation. Chapter 3, "Prior and the Platonist," demonstrates the incompatibility of two popular views about time: the "Platonist" thesis that some objects exist "outside" time, and A.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy
    European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy XII-2 | 2020 Democracy as a Form of Life Quine’s Ontology The Interplay Between Commitment and Decision Andrei Ionuţ Mărășoiu Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejpap/2243 DOI: 10.4000/ejpap.2243 ISSN: 2036-4091 Publisher Associazione Pragma Electronic reference Andrei Ionuţ Mărășoiu, « Quine’s Ontology », European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy [Online], XII-2 | 2020, Online since 14 December 2020, connection on 15 December 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/ejpap/2243 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ejpap.2243 This text was automatically generated on 15 December 2020. Author retains copyright and grants the European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Quine’s Ontology 1 Quine’s Ontology The Interplay Between Commitment and Decision Andrei Ionuţ Mărășoiu AUTHOR'S NOTE Acknowledgments: A forerunner of this text was a part of my MA thesis in the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Bucharest in 2010, advised by professor Mircea Flonta. I owe him a debt of gratitude for his patient guidance and thorough scrutiny. Later versions of the text were also presented at the 3rd congress of the Société de Philosophie des Sciences (Paris, 2009), and the British Society for the Philosophy of Science (Dublin, 2010), and I thank their audiences. I am especially grateful for questions and suggestions coming from prof. James Cargile, dr. Nora Grigore, prof. Pierre Wagner and dr. Ioannis Votsis. In its current form, this work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research, CNCS - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2019-0535, within PNCDI III.
    [Show full text]
  • Book Reviews 120 This Volume of Thirty-Eight Essays, by An
    120 Book Reviews John R. Shook and Joseph Margolis, eds. A Companion to Pragmatism. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2006. xii + 431 pp. Cloth ISBN 1-4051- 1621-8 This volume of thirty-eight essays, by an impressive list of contributors, is a resource for anyone wishing to learn about pragmatism in general, its history, as well as the particular philosophies of the classical and more recent pragmatists. There are essays in A Companion to Pragmatism that discuss pragmatic philosophers in the context of the history of philosophy. For instance, Douglas Anderson in “Peirce and Cartesian Rationalism” argues that Peirce’s rejection of Cartesianism “was radical but not wholesale” (161). In other words, what Peirce inherits from modern philosophy is as important to our understanding of his philosophy as the ways he breaks away from the tradition. There are several essays in this collection that stress both the break and the continuity with the tradition of all the classical pragmatist figures. Timothy Sprigge in “James, Empiricism, and Absolute Idealism” shows the historical continuity between James and idealism. The historical and philosophical relations between Hegel and the pragmatist are explored in Kenneth Westphal’s essay “Hegel and Realism.” In “Expressivism and Mead’ Social Self” Mitchell Aboulafia argues that the pragmatists cannot be fully appreciated unless they are understood against the backdrop of the enlighment and expressivism. Thomas Alexander argues in “Dewey, Dualism, and Naturalism” that understanding how Dewey addresses the heritage of dualism (as a common western philosophical habit) provides a better insight into his general position. Other essays in A Companion to Pragmatism facilitate understanding of pragmatism by making connections or drawing similarities/differences with other philosophical traditions, some current issue or philosopher.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Quine a Verificationist?
    Appeared in: The Southern Journal of Philosophy Vol. XLI, 2003. IS QUINE A VERIFICATIONIST? Panu Raatikainen I Although Quine is widely known as an influential critic of logical positivism, there is now a growing tendency to emphasize the similarities between him and the logical positivists of the Vienna Circle.1 In particular, it has become usual to classify Quine as an adherent of verificationism, even if it is recognized that his position is somehow different from that of the positivists in being more holistic in character.2 For example, Cheryl Misak in her book-length examination of verificationism writes that ‘the holist [such as Quine] need not reject verificationism, if it is suitably formulated. Indeed, Quine often describes himself as a verificationist’.3 Misak concludes that Quine ‘can be described as a verificationist who thinks that the unit of meaning is large’;4 and when comparing Dummett and Quine, Misak states that ‘both can be, and in fact are, verificationists’.5 Further, it is remarkable that Roger Gibson, arguably the leading expositor of Quine’s philosophy, whose understanding of Quine’s thought has been repeatedly praised by Quine himself, interprets Quine unqualifiedly as a verificationist. Gibson speaks of ‘Quine’s explicit commitment to verificationism’.6 He cites as evidence the following well-known passage 1 from Quine’s famous article ‘Epistemology Naturalized’: ‘If we recognize with Peirce that the meaning of a sentence turns on what would count as evidence for its truth, and if we recognize with Duhem that theoretical sentences have their evidence not as single sentences but as larger blocks of theory, then the indeterminacy of translation is the natural conclusion.’7 And Gibson continues: ‘If this quotation leaves a lingering doubt as to whether Quine would really call himself a verificationist, the following quotation should erase all doubt’.
    [Show full text]
  • Schopenhauer Edited by Christopher Janaway Frontmatter More Information
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62106-9 - The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer Edited by Christopher Janaway Frontmatter More information the cambridge companion to SCHOPENHAUER Each volume of this series of companions to major philoso- phers contains specially commissioned essays by an inter- national team of scholars, together with a substantial bibli- ography, and will serve as a reference work for students and nonspecialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimi- dation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challenging thinker. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) is something of a mav- erick figure in the history of philosophy. He produced a unique theory of the world and human existence based upon his notion of will. This collection analyzes the related but distinct components of will from the point of view of episte- mology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, aesthetics, ethics, and the philosophy of psychoanalysis. This volume explores Schopenhauer’s philosophy of death, his relationship to the philosophy of Kant, his use of ideas drawn from both Bud- dhism and Hinduism, and the important influence he exerted on Nietzsche, Freud, and Wittgenstein. New readers will find this the most convenient and acces- sible guide to Schopenhauer currently available. Advanced students and specialists will find a conspectus of recent de- velopments in the interpretation of Schopenhauer. Christopher Janaway is Reader in Philosophy at Birkbeck College, University of London. © in this web service Cambridge University
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching Philosophy
    APA NEWSLETTER ON Teaching Philosophy Tziporah Kasachkoff & Eugene Kelly, Co-Editors Fall 2003 Volume 03, Number 1 frequently morally-conflicted personages, offers moral dilemmas ETTER FROM THE DITORS that provoke the student to formulate criteria that are morally L E pertinent to them, and eventually to appreciate the value of moral theories that attempt to justify the criteria. The article concludes with some remarks on practical questions regarding Tziporah Kasachkoff the use of films in ethics courses. The Graduate Center, CUNY, NY We encourage our readers to suggest themselves as reviewers of books and other material that they think may be Eugene Kelly especially good for classroom use. Please remember again that New York Institute of Technology, NY our publication is devoted to pedagogy and not to theoretical discussions of philosophical issues, and this purpose should also Welcome to the Fall 2003 edition of the APA Newsletter on be borne in mind when reviewing material for our publication. Teaching Philosophy. We are pleased to present three papers of As always, we encourage our readers to write for our interest to teachers of philosophy, and several reviews of books publication. We welcome papers that respond, comment on or that can be used in the philosophy classroom. take issue with any of the material that appears within our pages. The first paper, “A Graduate Seminar on Teaching The following guidelines for submissions should be followed: Philosophy,” by Martin Benjamin, presents the history, objectives, content, syllabus, and required readings of a seminar he initiated • The author’s name, the title of the paper and full mailing at Michigan State University for graduate students in philosophy address should appear on a separate sheet of paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cambridge Companion to Ockham
    the cambridge companion to ockham Each volume of this series of companions to major philosophers contains specially commissioned essays by an international team of scholars, together with a substantial bibliography, and will serve as a reference work for students and nonspecialists. One aim of the series is to dispel the intimidation such readers often feel when faced with the work of a difficult and challenging thinker. The Franciscan William of Ockham (c. 1288–1347) was an English medieval philosopher, theologian, and political theorist. Along with Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus, he is regarded as one of the three main figures in medieval philosophy after around 1150. Ockham is important not only in the history of philosophy and theo- logy but also in the development of early modern science and of modern notions of property rights and church-state relations. This volume offers a full discussion of all significant aspects of Ockham’s thought: logic, philosophy of language, metaphysics and natural philosophy, epistemology, ethics, action theory, political thought, and theology. It is the first study of Ockham in any lan- guage to make full use of the new critical editions of his works and to consider recent discoveries concerning his life, education, and in- fluences. New readers will find this the most convenient and accessible guide to Ockham currently available. Advanced students and spe- cialists will find a conspectus of recent developments in the inter- pretation of Ockham. Paul Vincent Spade is Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University. Downloaded from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. University of Arizona, on 07 Apr 2017 at 16:44:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https:/www.cambridge.org/core/termsCambridge Companions.
    [Show full text]
  • Wednesday 8Am&Sunday Noon Masses in Extraordinary Form
    (Wednesday 8am&Sunday noon Masses in Extraordinary Form) Welcome to St. Peter Church! Office Hours Monday - Thursday, 8:30 am - 2:00 pm Closed on Holy Days & Holidays. We extend a warm welcome to new visitors as well as to returning parishioners! If you would like to join our parish community, please stop in or call the Parish Office (740-282-7612) to register as a parishioner. Current parishioners, please inform the office of any changes such as phone number or address. Happy New Year! St. Peter Church Groups For further information refer to the St. Peter Church website: www.stpetersteub.com Adoration Chapel Coordinator: Mrs. Kathy Bender, 740-544-6446 Altar Servers Coordinator: Dr. Steve Hildebrand, 740-283-2893 Bereavement Ministry: Mrs. Fiona Ruminski, 740-275-8754 Catholic Women’s Club (CWC): Mrs. Beatrice Antol, (304-723-1850). We continue to collect glasses for the Lion’s Club. Please bring your donations to the church office. Dead Theologians Society Coordinators: Deacon Tom Maedke, 740-381-2115 & Rhett Young, 805-390-0326 EDGE Youth Group: Jacob Konkolics, (570) 317-6103, [email protected], catholicfaithformation.org/the-edge Knights of Columbus St. John Neumann Council: Roger Gibson, GK, 216-571-7967 Lectors & Extraordinary Ministers Coordinator: Mr. Pete Polimeni, 740-283-1401 Music Director: Rose McGrath, [email protected], 937-719-2391 Natural Family Planning : Steve and Ann Craig, 740-457-9663, www.NFPandmore.org Parish Council: Mrs. Mary Jo Yanda, President, 740-282-4153 Parish Book Club Coordinator: Fr. Bradley Greer - Meetings on the 3rd Saturday of every month in the school building.
    [Show full text]
  • ANALYTICITY AGAIN1 Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science
    ANALYTICITY AGAIN1 Jerry Fodor and Ernie Lepore Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science Introduction It would be ever so nice if there were a viable analytic/synthetic distinction. Though nobody knows for sure, there would seem to be several major philosophical projects that having one would advance. For example: analytic sentences2 are supposed to have their truth values solely in virtue of the meanings (together with the syntactic arrangement) of their constituents; i.e., their truth values are supposed to supervene on their linguistic properties alone.3 So they are true in every possible world where they mean what they mean here.4 So they are necessarily true. So if there were a viable analytic/synthetic distinction (‘a/s distinction’ often hereafter), we would understand the necessity of at least some necessary truths. If, in particular, it were to turn out that the logical and/or the mathematical truths are analytic, we would understand why they are necessary. It would be ever so nice to understand why the logical and/or mathematical truths are necessary (cf. Gibson 1998; Quine 1998). Any account of necessity would be welcome, but one according to which necessary truths are analytic has special virtues. Necessity isn’t, of course, an epistemic property. Still, suppose that the necessity of a sentence arises from the meanings of its parts. It’s natural to assume that one of the things one knows in virtue of knowing one’s language is what the expressions of the language mean (cf., e.g., Boghossian 1994). A treatment of modality in terms of analyticity therefore connects the concept of necessity with the concept of knowledge; and knowledge is, of course, an epistemic property.
    [Show full text]
  • Ernie Lepore
    ERNIE LEPORE CURRICULUM VITAE ACADEMIC AND ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS: • 2014-present, Board of Governors Professor, Rutgers University • 1998-Present, Professor II, Rutgers University, Philosophy Department • 1990-1998, Professor I, Rutgers University, Philosophy Department • 1986-1990, Associate Professor, Rutgers University, Philosophy Departments • 1981-1986, Assistant Professor, Rutgers University, Philosophy Department • 1981-Spring, Visiting Professor, Rutgers University, Philosophy Department • 1978-1981, Assistant Professor, University of Notre Dame, Philosophy Department • 2010-2017, Acting Co-Director, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science • 2002-2010, Associate Director, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science • 1997-2002, Director, Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science • 1996-1999, 2006-2014, Undergraduate Director, Rutgers Cognitive Science • 2018-present, Part Time Visiting Professor, Huazhong University (China) • 2009-Summer, Visiting Professor, St Petersburg State University • 2007-Spring, Visiting Professor, Ecole Normale Superior • 2005-2011, Part-time Visiting Professor, University of Oslo • 2004-Spring, Visiting Professor, University of Santiago (Spain) • 1995-Spring Visiting Professor, University of Minnesota • 1995-Winter, Visiting Professor, University of California at Berkeley • 1994-Fall, Visiting Scholar, Third University of Rome • 1992-1994, Director, Rutgers Junior Year Abroad In Italy • 1991-Spring, Visiting Professor, Washington University, St. Louis • 1988-Spring, Visiting Professor, University of Venice • 1983-Summer,
    [Show full text]
  • REPRESENTATIONAL IDEAS SYNTHESE Lffirary
    REPRESENTATIONAL IDEAS SYNTHESE LffiRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Managing Editor: JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands DONALD DAVIDSON, University of California, Berkeley THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University ofGroningen, The Netherlands PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California JAN WOLEN-SKI, Jagiellonian University, Krak6w, Poland VOLUME 250 REPRESENTA TIONAL IDEAS FROM PLATO TO PATRICIA CHURCHLAND by RICHARD A. WATSON Department of Philosophy, Washington University, SI. Louis. Missouri. USA Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. Llbrary of Congrass Catalog1ng-ln-Publ1catlon Data Watson. RIchard A.• 1931- Representatlonal ldeas from Plato to Patrlcla Churchland I by Rlchard A. Watson. p. CII. -- (Synthese 11brary ; v. 250) Includes blbllographlcal references and lndex. ISBN 978-94-010-4037-2 ISBN 978-94-011-0075-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0075-5 1. Idea (Phllosophy) 2. Representatlon (Phllosophy) 1. T1tle. II. Serles. B822.W37 1995 121' .4--dc20 95-11928 ISBN 978-94-010-4037-2 Printed on acid-free paper AlI Rights Reserved © 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1995 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form of by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. On the featureless Tunisian desert, a long-legged, fast-moving ant leaves the protection of the humid nest on a foraging expedition. It moves across the desert in tortuous loops, running first this way, then that, but gradually pro­ gressing ever farther away from the life-sustaining humidity of the nest.
    [Show full text]