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Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein
Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein To cite this version: David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein. Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics. 2013. hal- 00830121v1 HAL Id: hal-00830121 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-00830121v1 Preprint submitted on 4 Jun 2013 (v1), last revised 8 Jul 2014 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin and Catherine Goldstein Abstract. In the historical literature, opposite conclusions were drawn about the impact of the First World War on mathematics. In this chapter, the case is made that the war was an important event for the history of mathematics. We show that although mathematicians' experience of the war was extremely varied, its impact was decisive on the life of a great number of them. We present an overview of some uses of mathematics in war and of the development of mathematics during the war. We conclude by arguing that the war also was a crucial factor in the institutional modernization of mathematics. Les vrais adversaires, dans la guerre d'aujourd'hui, ce sont les professeurs de math´ematiques`aleur table, les physiciens et les chimistes dans leur laboratoire. -
No. 40. the System of Lunar Craters, Quadrant Ii Alice P
NO. 40. THE SYSTEM OF LUNAR CRATERS, QUADRANT II by D. W. G. ARTHUR, ALICE P. AGNIERAY, RUTH A. HORVATH ,tl l C.A. WOOD AND C. R. CHAPMAN \_9 (_ /_) March 14, 1964 ABSTRACT The designation, diameter, position, central-peak information, and state of completeness arc listed for each discernible crater in the second lunar quadrant with a diameter exceeding 3.5 km. The catalog contains more than 2,000 items and is illustrated by a map in 11 sections. his Communication is the second part of The However, since we also have suppressed many Greek System of Lunar Craters, which is a catalog in letters used by these authorities, there was need for four parts of all craters recognizable with reasonable some care in the incorporation of new letters to certainty on photographs and having diameters avoid confusion. Accordingly, the Greek letters greater than 3.5 kilometers. Thus it is a continua- added by us are always different from those that tion of Comm. LPL No. 30 of September 1963. The have been suppressed. Observers who wish may use format is the same except for some minor changes the omitted symbols of Blagg and Miiller without to improve clarity and legibility. The information in fear of ambiguity. the text of Comm. LPL No. 30 therefore applies to The photographic coverage of the second quad- this Communication also. rant is by no means uniform in quality, and certain Some of the minor changes mentioned above phases are not well represented. Thus for small cra- have been introduced because of the particular ters in certain longitudes there are no good determi- nature of the second lunar quadrant, most of which nations of the diameters, and our values are little is covered by the dark areas Mare Imbrium and better than rough estimates. -
Hip # 987-1088
Hip No. Consigned by Tate Farms Hip No. 987 Jess Sizzlin SI 92 987 1997 Sorrel Mare Streakin La Jolla SI 99 {Streakin Six SI 104 Mr Jess Perry SI 113 { Bottom’s Up SI 82 Scoopie Fein SI 99 {Sinn Fein SI 98 Jess Sizzlin SI 92 Legs La Scoop SI 95 3654393 Easy Jet SI 100 {Jet Deck SI 100 Sizzlin Kim SI 86 Lena’s Bar TB SI 95 (1987) { Sun Spots {Double Bid SI 100 Winsum Miss SI 95 By MR JESS PERRY SI 113 (1992). Champion 2-year-old, $687,184 [G1]. Sire of 799 ROM, 107 stakes winners, $39,619,142, incl. champions APOL- LITICAL JESS SI 107 (world champion, $1,399,831, Los Alamitos Derby [G1]), ONE FAMOUS EAGLE SI 101 ($1,387,453 [G1]). Sire of the dams of 46 stakes winners, incl. BODACIOUS DASH SI 101 ($756,495 [G1]), JES A GAME SI 111 ($323,978 [G2]), TERRIFIC SYNERGY SI 92 ($288,066 [RG2]). 1st dam SIZZLIN KIM SI 86, by Easy Jet. Placed to 3. Dam of 7 foals, 6 to race, 3 winners, including– Jess Sizzlin SI 92 (f. by Mr Jess Perry). Stakes placed winner, below. Streakin Kim (f. by Streakin La Jolla). Unplaced. Dam of– Kims Corona SI 97 (g. by Corona Cocktail). 3 wins to 4, $38,666. 2nd dam SUN SPOTS, by Double Bid. Unraced. Dam of 13 starters, 7 ROM, incl.– SUN KISSES SI 102 (f. by Game Plan). 7 wins to 3, $68,935, Shebester Derby, Mystery Derby. Dam of Exquisite Expense SI 99 ($42,264 [G3]). -
The Impact of Star Cluster Environments on Planet Formation
The Impact of Star Cluster Environments on Planet Formation Rhana Bethany Nicholson A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Liverpool John Moores University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2019 i Declaration of Authorship I, Rhana Bethany Nicholson, declare that this thesis titled, “The Impact of Star Cluster Environments on Planet Formation” and the work presented in it are my own. I confirm that: • This work was done wholly or mainly while in candidature for a research degree at this University. • Where any part of this thesis has previously been submitted for a degree or any other qualification at this University or any other institution, this has been clearly stated. • Where I have consulted the published work of others, this is always clearly attributed. • Where I have quoted from the work of others, the source is always given. With the exception of such quotations, this thesis is entirely my own work. • I have acknowledged all main sources of help. • Where the thesis is based on work done by myself jointly with others, I have made clear exactly what was done by others and what I have contributed myself. Signed: Date: ii To Mum and Dad, for making me do Kumon. iii “For all the tenure of humans on Earth, the night sky has been a companion and an inspiration... At the very moment that humans discovered the scale of the Universe and found that their most unconstrained fancies were in fact dwarfed by the true dimensions of even the Milky Way Galaxy, they took steps that ensured that their descendants would be unable to see the stars at all...” - Carl Sagan, Contact iv Acknowledgements Firstly I must begin by thanking my supervisor, Richard Parker, without whom this thesis would most definitely not exist. -
2017 Chicxulub Revealed
THE UNIVERSITY TEXAS OF AUSTIN AT JACKSON• SCHOOL GEOSCIENCES OF 2017 NEWSLETTER• Newsletter2 017 Chicxulub Revealed A first look at rocks from the crater left by the asteroid that wiped out non-avian dinosaurs WELCOME Dear Alumni and Friends he devastation that Hurricane Harvey brought to Texas communities in August was a tragic reminder of how vital it is to understand our planet and T its processes. Shortly after the hurricane struck, our scientists, through our Rapid Response program, began to conduct research to understand how Harvey has impacted the coast and offshore Gulf of Mexico. This research will help determine the best ways to deal with many coastal issues in the aftermath of the storm, and how we might better prepare for such events in the future. You can read more about the mission on page 18. Rapid response efforts on the effects of abrupt, catastrophic geoscience events COVER: GRANITE FROM THE PEAK RING OF provide critical science that can benefit society. This is what we strive to do here at the THE CHICXULUB CRATER FORMED BY THE Jackson School of Geosciences. This year’s Newsletter holds some tremendous examples. ASTEROID STRIKE THAT WIPED OUT ALL NON- AVIAN DINOSAURS I’d like to draw your attention to the story on page 58 about the scientific coring mission led by Peter Flemings to bring back samples of methane hydrate from ABOVE: MEMBERS OF THE JACKSON beneath the Gulf of Mexico. This is a cutting-edge research project on a potential SCHOOL-LED TEAM CORING FOR SAMPLES OF METHANE HYDRATE IN THE GULF OF MEXICO future energy source that very few schools in the world would be able to mount. -
VIRVĖ SAVO KARTUVĖMS Kapitalistų Sandėriai Su Komunistais Vytautas Meškauskas
T e oc. oi' 5 □ TL i r. s t r c ba š' 7243 So» Albanv fk., ' yi Chiccęp, III, ‘ 304.29 ; I0TEKA Į -----THE LITHUANIAN NATIONAL NEVVSPAPER -------- P.O. BOX 03206 > 6116 ST. CLAIR AVENUE > CLEVELAND, OHIO 44103 Vol.LXIV Balandis - April 19, 1979 Nr.16 *< TAUTINES MINTIES LIETUVIŲ LAIKRAŠTIS VIRVĖ SAVO KARTUVĖMS Kapitalistų sandėriai su komunistais Vytautas Meškauskas Turiu pasakyti, kad Leninas išpranašavo visą proce Konkrečiai kalbant, pereitų są. Leninas, kuris didesnę savo gyvenimo dalį praleido metų prekybos su sovietais Vakaruose, bet ne Rusijoje, kuris geriau pažinojo Vaka apyvarta siekė tik 2.8 biijonus rus kaip Rusiją, visados rašė ir sakė, jog Vakarų kapi dolerių, t.y. tik trečdalį pre talistai padarys viską, kad sustiprintų SSSR ekonomiją. kybos su ... Taiwanu. Biznie Jie konkuruos savo tarpe, kad mums parduoti gerybes rius tačiau vilioja ne tiek da pigiau ir greičiau, tik tam, kad sovietai jas pirktų ne iš bartinės, kiek ateities galimy bės. Šiaip ar taip, Sovietiją vieno, bet iš kito. Jis sakė: jie taip darys negalvodami sudaro rinką su 250 milijonų apie savo pačių ateitį. Vienu sunkiu momentu partijos gyventojų. posėdyje Maskvoje jis drąsino: "Draugai, nepasiduokit Nepaisant to, kad bolševi panikai, jei mums pasidarys labai sunku, mes duosime kai konfiskavo visus užsienie virvę buržuazijai, ir buržuazija pati pasikars." čių kapitalus, buvusius caro Tada, Kari Radek,... kuris buvo labai sąmojingas, Rusijoje - vien Singerio kom paklausė: Vladimire Iličiau, bet iš kur mes paimsime tiek panija prieš karą ten turėjo daug virvės buržuazijos pasikorimui?” Leninas nerūpes 27,000 tarnautojų. Vakarų tingai atsakė: "Jie mus ja aprūpins." kapitalistai padėjo sovietų (Iš Aleksandro Solženicyno 1975 m. -
Table of Contents Petition of Scientists Sceptical of Anthropogenic Global Warming
PETITION OF SCIENTISTS SCEPTICAL OF AGW – 31,000 SCIENTISTS DISAGREE Table of Contents Purpose of Petition ............................................................................................... 1 Summary of Peer-Reviewed Research ......................................................................... 1 Qualifications of Signers ......................................................................................... 2 How Petition is Circulated ...................................................................................... 2 Full List of 31,486 US based Scientists ........................................................................ 3 Petition of scientists sceptical of Anthropogenic Global Warming Petition Project - http://www.petitionproject.org/ and http://www.oism.org/pproject/s33p36.htm Purpose of Petition The purpose of the Petition Project is to demonstrate that the claim of “settled science” and an overwhelming “consensus” in favour of the hypothesis of human-caused global warming and consequent climatological damage is wrong. No such consensus or settled science exists. As indicated by the petition text and signatory list, a very large number of American scientists reject this hypothesis. Publicists at the United Nations, Mr. Al Gore, and their supporters frequently claim that only a few “sceptics” remain – sceptics who are still unconvinced about the existence of a catastrophic human- caused global warming emergency. It is evident that 31,486 Americans with university degrees in science – including 9,029 -
Water on the Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity
Water on The Moon, III. Volatiles & Activity Arlin Crotts (Columbia University) For centuries some scientists have argued that there is activity on the Moon (or water, as recounted in Parts I & II), while others have thought the Moon is simply a dead, inactive world. [1] The question comes in several forms: is there a detectable atmosphere? Does the surface of the Moon change? What causes interior seismic activity? From a more modern viewpoint, we now know that as much carbon monoxide as water was excavated during the LCROSS impact, as detailed in Part I, and a comparable amount of other volatiles were found. At one time the Moon outgassed prodigious amounts of water and hydrogen in volcanic fire fountains, but released similar amounts of volatile sulfur (or SO2), and presumably large amounts of carbon dioxide or monoxide, if theory is to be believed. So water on the Moon is associated with other gases. Astronomers have agreed for centuries that there is no firm evidence for “weather” on the Moon visible from Earth, and little evidence of thick atmosphere. [2] How would one detect the Moon’s atmosphere from Earth? An obvious means is atmospheric refraction. As you watch the Sun set, its image is displaced by Earth’s atmospheric refraction at the horizon from the position it would have if there were no atmosphere, by roughly 0.6 degree (a bit more than the Sun’s angular diameter). On the Moon, any atmosphere would cause an analogous effect for a star passing behind the Moon during an occultation (multiplied by two since the light travels both into and out of the lunar atmosphere). -
Copyrighted Material
pter O ha n C e An Historic Overview of Venture Capitalism • Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. —George Santayana Why is an historical overview of VC important? Because history does in fact repeat itself, and a study of history allows us to frame an understanding of the present and the future. The playersCOPYRIGHTED and the investment climate MATERIAL change, but the entrepreneur’s innate instinct to risk capital for a return is no different today from what it was when John D. Rockefeller became America’s first billionaire in 1900. When Andrew c01.indd 1 10-12-2013 8:50:11 [2] The Little Book of Venture Capital Investing Carnegie joined forces with his childhood friend, Henry Phipps, to form Carnegie Steel in 1892, they were driven by the same conviction to improve the status quo as are the idealistic dream chasers of the twenty-first century. It was these early trailblazers who paved the way and developed the techniques that have laid the foundation for VC as we know it today. Arguably, historians will debate the nature of history and its usefulness. This includes using the discipline as a way of providing perspective on the problems and opportu- nities of the present. I believe it to be an important tool in providing a systematic account and window to the future. It is patently dishonest and irresponsible to perpetuate the popular mythology that those who created great wealth in America are to be despised and that there are no useful les- sons to be learned from an objective, historical review of their contributions to the subject at hand. -
Glossary of Lunar Terminology
Glossary of Lunar Terminology albedo A measure of the reflectivity of the Moon's gabbro A coarse crystalline rock, often found in the visible surface. The Moon's albedo averages 0.07, which lunar highlands, containing plagioclase and pyroxene. means that its surface reflects, on average, 7% of the Anorthositic gabbros contain 65-78% calcium feldspar. light falling on it. gardening The process by which the Moon's surface is anorthosite A coarse-grained rock, largely composed of mixed with deeper layers, mainly as a result of meteor calcium feldspar, common on the Moon. itic bombardment. basalt A type of fine-grained volcanic rock containing ghost crater (ruined crater) The faint outline that remains the minerals pyroxene and plagioclase (calcium of a lunar crater that has been largely erased by some feldspar). Mare basalts are rich in iron and titanium, later action, usually lava flooding. while highland basalts are high in aluminum. glacis A gently sloping bank; an old term for the outer breccia A rock composed of a matrix oflarger, angular slope of a crater's walls. stony fragments and a finer, binding component. graben A sunken area between faults. caldera A type of volcanic crater formed primarily by a highlands The Moon's lighter-colored regions, which sinking of its floor rather than by the ejection of lava. are higher than their surroundings and thus not central peak A mountainous landform at or near the covered by dark lavas. Most highland features are the center of certain lunar craters, possibly formed by an rims or central peaks of impact sites. -
Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei -
Lecture Notes 18
617 Lecture #18 of 26 618 Liquid-Junction Potentials Chapter 2 619 Q: What’s in this set of lectures? A: B&F Chapter 2 main concepts: ● “Section 2.1”: Salt; Activity; Underpotential deposition ● Section 2.3: Transference numbers; Liquid-junction potentials ● Sections 2.2 & 2.4: Donnan potentials; Membrane potentials; pH meter; Ion-selective electrodes So, in summary, five equations for junction potentials… 620 … why do they all include “kinetic” transport properties? (α) LJ, Type 1 (β) LJ, Type 2 LJ, Type 3 (Henderson) the only model that, with (α) one salt and one interface, Donnan (β) definitely equilibrates Goldman (GHHK) 621 http://biophys.med.unideb.hu/old/pharmacy/Donnan%20angol2009.pdf … but first, what about “the fifth” equation? 622 … the Goldman–(Hodgkin–(Huxley)–Katz)) equation! permeabilities http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_potential … no need for a squid giant axon (H & H) 623 (diameter ≈ 0.5 mm)… www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2121/notes/nervous.htm ~110 years of Ion-Selective Electrodes (ISEs)… 624 1906 – Max Cremer discovers that a thin glass membrane separating two solutions develops a potential related to the difference in pH between them 1920’s – Duncan MacInnes & Malcolm Dole discover a glass suitable for glass pH electrodes… 1933 – Arnold Beckman markets first pH electrode in Fullerton, CA for measuring acidity of lemon juice… the Beckman G 1905 Walter Nernst proposes 3rd Law of Thermodynamics; In Bern, Einstein describes PE effect, Brownian motion, and Special Rel. 1900