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Medical Sociology BLACKWELL COMPANIONS to SOCIOLOGY the new blackwell companion to medical sociology BLACKWELL COMPANIONS TO SOCIOLOGY The Blackwell Companions to Sociology provide introductions to emerging topics and theoretical orientations in sociology as well as presenting the scope and quality of the discipline as it is currently confi gured. Essays in the Companions tackle broad themes or central puzzles within the fi eld and are authored by key scholars who have spent considerable time in research and refl ection on the questions and controversies that have activated interest in their area. This author- itative series will interest those studying sociology at advanced undergraduate or graduate level as well as scholars in the social sciences and informed readers in applied disciplines. The Blackwell Companion to Major Classical Social Theorists Edited by George Ritzer The Blackwell Companion to Major Contemporary Social Theorists Edited by George Ritzer The Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology Edited by Kate Nash and Alan Scott The Blackwell Companion to Sociology Edited by Judith R. Blau The Blackwell Companion to Criminology Edited by Colin Sumner The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements Edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Families Edited by Jacqueline Scott, Judith Treas, and Martin Richards The Blackwell Companion to Law and Society Edited by Austin Sarat The Blackwell Companion to the Sociology of Culture Edited by Mark Jacobs and Nancy Hanrahan The Blackwell Companion to Social Inequalities Edited by Mary Romero and Eric Margolis The New Blackwell Companion to Social Theory Edited by Bryan S. Turner The New Blackwell Companion to Medical Sociology Edited by William C. Cockerham Also available: The Blackwell Companion to Globalization Edited by George Ritzer the new blackwell companion to Medical Sociology edited by william c. cockerham A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, P019 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of William C. Cockerham to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The new Blackwell companion to medical sociology / edited by William C. Cockerham. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-8868-5 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Social medicine. I. Cockerham, William C. RA418.N3885 2010 362.1′042—dc22 2009015234 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12.5 pt Sabon by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed in Singapore 1 2010 Contents List of Contributors viii Preface xv PART I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Medical Sociology and Sociological Theory 3 William C. Cockerham and Graham Scambler 2 Health and Culture 27 Stella Quah 3 The Sociology of the Body 47 Sarah Nettleton PART II HEALTH AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES 69 4 Health and Social Stratifi cation 71 Eero Lahelma 5 Health Status and Gender 97 Ellen Annandale 6 Health, Ethnicity, and Race 113 Hannah Bradby and James Y. Nazroo PART III HEALTH AND SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS 131 7 Health and Religion 133 Ellen L. Idler 8 Health Lifestyles: Bringing Structure Back 159 William C. Cockerham vi contents 9 Social Capital and Health 184 Lijun Song, Joonmo Son, and Nan Lin 10 Medicalization, Social Control, and the Relief of Suffering 211 Joseph E. Davis 11 Stress 242 William R. Avison and Stephanie S. Thomas 12 Stress in the Workplace 268 Johannes Siegrist PART IV HEALTH AND DISEASE 289 13 Emerging Infectious Diseases, Urbanization, and Globalization in the Time of Global Warming 291 George J. Armelagos and Kristin N. Harper 14 Chronic Illness 312 Kathy Charmaz and Dana Rosenfeld PART V HEALTH CARE DELIVERY 335 15 Health Professions and Occupations 337 Elianne Riska 16 Challenges to the Doctor–Patient Relationship in the Twenty-First Century 355 Jennifer Vanderminden and Sharyn J. Potter 17 Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Processes of Legitimation, Professionalization, and Cooption 373 Hans A. Baer 18 The American Health Care System: Beginning the Twenty-First Century with High Risk, Major Challenges, and Great Opportunities 391 Bernice A. Pescosolido and Carol A. Boyer 19 The British Health Care System 412 Michael Bury 20 The Convergence and Divergence of Modern Health Care Systems 434 Fred Stevens 21 Social Policies and Health Inequalities 455 Amélie Quesnel-Vallée and Tania Jenkins PART VI NEW DEVELOPMENTS 485 22 A Sociological Gaze on Bioethics 487 Kristina Orfali and Raymond G. DeVries contents vii 23 Medical Sociology and Genetics 511 Paul A. Martin and Robert Dingwall 24 New Developments in Neuroscience and Medical Sociology 530 Simon J. Williams Author Index 552 Subject Index 584 Contributors Ellen Annandale , PhD (Brown University), is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology at the University of Leicester (UK). Her most recent books are Women ’ s Health and Social Change (2009) and the Current Sociology Monograph, New Connections: Towards a Gender - Inclusive Approach to Women ’ s and Men ’ s Health (2009), co - edited with Elianne Riska. She is Vice - President of the Research Com- mittee on Health Sociology of the International Sociological Association and Editor- in - Chief of the journal Social Science and Medicine . George J. Armelagos , PhD (University of Colorado), is Goodrich C. White Professor of Anthropology at Emory University (USA). He is a Wenner - Gren Viking Medalist and the recipient of the Franz Boaz Award from the American Anthropological Association and the Charles Darwin Award from the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. William R. Avison , PhD (University of Alberta), is Professor of Sociology, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. He chairs the Child Health and Well - Being Program of the Children’ s Health Research Institute and is Assistant Director of the Lawson Health Research Institute. He received the James R. Greenley Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Sociology of Mental Health from the Society for the Study of Social Problems and the Leonard I. Pearlin Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Sociological Study of Mental Health from the American Sociological Association. He was Chair of the Section on the Sociology of Mental Health (1998– 9) and Chair of the Medical Sociology Section (2009– 10) of the American Sociological Association. Hans A. Baer, PhD (University of Utah), is Senior Lecturer in the School of Philoso- phy, Anthropology, and Social Inquiry and the Centre for Health and Society at the University of Melbourne in Australia. He has published 14 books and numerous chapters and journal articles on alternative medicine and other topics. His books include Biomedicine and Alternative Healing Systems in America: Issues of Race, list of contributors ix Class, Ethnicity, and Gender (2001), Toward an Integrative Medicine: Merging Alternative Therapies with Biomedicine (2004), and the co - authored Global Warming and the Political Ecology of Health: Emerging Crises and Systematic Solutions (2009). Carol A. Boyer , PhD (Yale University), is Associate Director of the Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research and a member of the graduate faculty of the Department of Sociology at Rutgers University (USA). Her research focuses on access, utilization, and the content of treatment and services provided to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and the impact of mental health services on social functioning, symptomatology, and quality of life. Recent publica- tions include a co - authored chapter in Mental Health, Social Mirror (2007), and papers in Psychiatric Services and the American Journal of Psychiatry . Hannah Bradby , PhD (University of Glasgow), is Co - Director of the Institute of Health and Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and the Medical School at the University of Warwick (UK). She is Editor of the journal Ethnicity and Health and her latest book is Medical Sociology: An Introduction (2009). Michael Bury is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at the University of London (UK). He was appointed to a chair in Sociology at the University of London (1991) and served as Head of the Department of Social and Political Science at Royal Holloway (1996 – 2002).
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