DOCSLIB.ORG

Vitualis' Medical Rants: Volume 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

VITUALIS’ MEDICAL RANTS THE MUSINGS OF A JUNIOR DOCTOR… YES, A TORTURED SOUL AND QUITE POSSIBLY A DISTURBED MIND. Volume 2 Collection: July 2005 to December 2005 First Edition Dr. Michael Tam, B. Sc. (med), M.B., B.S. (University of NSW) vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 :: dedication :: To all my readers, many thanks for your support; and to my lovely wife, whose patience made this book possible. ii Published by Lulu.com 2005 © 2005 by vitualis Productions, Michael Tam. Some rights reserved. License Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 You are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work under the following conditions: Attribution. You must attribute the work in the BY: manner specified by the author or licensor. Noncommercial. You may not use this work for $ commercial purposes. No Derivative Works. You may not alter, = transform, or build upon this work. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Your fair use and other rights are in no way affected by the above. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA. iii vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 iv Preface n the second half of the year 2005, an evolution in the character of the “vitualis’ Medical Rants” blog took place. I Although initially reborn in October 2004 as a mostly biomedical news blog site, there were also articles on technological developments as well as some on ethical issues and current affairs. In this half year collection, “non- biomedical” issues are numerous and there have progressively been more frequent articles on international politics, US foreign policy as well as law and justice. During the period this book was created, there were no particularly outstanding biomedical discoveries or advances. Perhaps the most significant development during these 6 months was the explosion of public and media awareness of the H5N1 avian influenza (i.e., “bird flu”) and its trickle of human casualties across South-East Asia, and gradual spread in bird populations into Eastern Europe. The other rather exciting news was that the 2005 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine was won by two Australians, Robin Warren and Barry Marshall for their work on Helicobacter pylori. The focus on political topics was somewhat reactionary to what I perceived to be ever more questionable practices and attitudes by the governments of the “coalition of the willing” of the Iraq war; specifically, the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. As such, many articles were devoted to criticisms to v vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 such practices as “extraordinary rendition” as well as the detention without charge of the Guantanamo Bay “illegal combatants”. Similar to the previous releases and versions of “vitualis’ Medical Rants”, a digital version in Adobe PDF format is available on-line. Unlike the printed first edition of the Volume One, which was only available in soft cover, Volume Two has been released in both soft cover and hardcover formats. This second volume was particularly enjoyable to compile and write and I hope that you, dear reader, find my collection of articles interesting and hopefully, thought-provoking. Yours sincerely, & Dr Michael Tam B.Sc.(med), M.B., B.S. (UNSW) 24th December 2005 vi vii vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 viii Original preface to volume one A brief history of the universe? f “vitualis’ Medical Rants” were the universe, it would be a strange and twisted world that we live. But would it be I any more bizarre than it already is? “vitualis’ Medical Rants” is a “weblog” or, the more commonly used vernacular, “blog”. And what is a “blog”? Well, according to Wikipedia, ‘A weblog (usually shortened to blog, but occasionally spelled web log) is a web- based publication consisting primarily of periodic articles (normally in reverse chronological order). Although most early weblogs were manually updated, tools to automate the maintenance of such sites made them accessible to a much larger population, and the use of some sort of web application software is now a typical aspect of “blogging.”’ My blog started out in April 2003 as a semi-regular journal with anecdotes of the weird and wonderful people and situations encountered by a junior doctor. It was as much an excuse to try out a new technology called “blogger” (http://www.blogger.com) which I had heard about (being a bit of a technophile) as to contribute to the ever growing literary junk that was filling cyberspace. Unfortunately, this was not to be. Unlike the exciting and dynamic life seen in television series such as “ER” or “Chicago Hope” or “Scrubs”, 95% of a junior doctor’s job is menial (and ix vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 possibly demeaning!), routine and frankly boring. I quickly realised that vitualis’ Medical Rants is there was not much hope for a blog created with blogger.com that states, “Not much happened today… another 2 patients admitted with pneumonia” or something to that effect for the vast majority of the time. On the few occasions when something cool did happen in hospital, I was inevitably too tired to type it out. And so, “vitualis’ Medical Rants” was abandoned to cyberspace for approximately six months. In October 2004, reinvigorated with a new sense of purpose (which may had been an undiagnosed episode of mania), I decided to lift my site out of the obscurity of the cyber-gutter and transformed “vitualis’ Medical Rants” into a biomedical / sometimes technological / at times ethical / on occasion “rage against the system” news site. At around this time, Pyra Labs (which owned and created blogger.com) was bought by Google and a new beta version was out. I’m not entirely sure what changed, but a number of new site templates were released which gave “vitualis’ Medical Rants” a much need face lift. To celebrate this renaissance, this book compiling the news articles as well as copies of the original source articles was created. At the time of publication, an Adobe PDF (portable document format) e-book version was available for download. It is planned that biannual collections will be created in the future. x vitualis’ Medical Rants – December 2005 xi vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 xii Who is vitualis? uite possibly a disturbed Q individual. ;-) His not-so-secret alter-ego is Michael Tam, currently a “doctor-in-training” in the General Practice training program in NSW, Australia. Michael Tam studied vitualis' real face is too medicine at the University of New frightening to show the world. South Wales, Sydney Australia and graduated at the end of 2002. Internship and residency years were in the Illawarra Area Health Service – mainly based at The Wollongong Hospital and Shellharbour Public Hospital. Michael has worked in Emergency Medicine, General Medicine, Orthopaedic Surgery, Psychiatry, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, General Surgery, Neurology/Stroke Unit and Rehabilitation Medicine. At the first publication of this book, Michael was a senior resident/General Practice registrar in Paediatric Gastroenterology at The Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick. From 2006, Michael will be working in General Practice registrar in community General Practice. Michael’s professional interests include primary health care and public health, as well as aged care and rehabilitation medicine as well as chronic pain management. Recreational interests include digital imaging and video, technology and computer sciences. He is a moderator at the xiii vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 forums of Videohelp.com, the largest on-line discussion forum on general home video editing and authoring. Previous printed publications include “photographic profundus”, an album of natural photography and traditional Chinese proverbs, as well as the previous volumes of “vitualis’ Medical Rants”. xiv xv vitualis’ Medical Rants – Volume 2: July 2005 to December 2005 Table of Contents Preface........................................................................................................... v Original preface to volume one ................................................................... ix Who is vitualis?.......................................................................................... xiii July 2005 Mysteries of Saturn....................................................................................... 2 Palm ditches Cobalt ...................................................................................... 6 GDNF – uncertain future for Parkinson’s drug ........................................... 8 Effective Lassa fever vaccine developed!..................................................... 11 Vitamin C does not prevent colds................................................................14 Hubble spots Sauron in the sky...................................................................17 Are we headed towards a technological “dark age”?.................................. 20 Terrorist attack in London ......................................................................... 26 Rubbery photo longevity
Recommended publications
  • Hacking Affair Is Not Over – but What Would a Second Leveson Inquiry Achieve?

    Hacking Affair Is Not Over – but What Would a Second Leveson Inquiry Achieve?

    7/10/2019 Hacking affair is not over – but what would a second Leveson inquiry achieve? Academic rigour, journalistic flair Hacking affair is not over – but what would a second Leveson inquiry achieve? July 25, 2014 3.57pm BST Author John Jewell Director of Undergraduate Studies, School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, Cardiff University On we go. Ian Nicholson/PA In the latest episode in the long-running saga that is the phone hacking affair, Dan Evans, a former journalist at the News of the World and Sunday Mirror, has received a 10 month suspended sentence after being convicted of two counts of phone hacking, one of making illegal payments to officials, and one of perverting the course of justice. Coming so soon after the conviction of Andy Coulson and the acquittal of Rebekah Brooks and others, one could be forgiven for assuming that the whole phone hacking business is now done and dusted. Not a bit of it. As Julian Petley has written: “Eleven more trials are due to take place involving 20 current or former Sun and News of the World journalists, who are accused variously of making illegal payments to public officials, conspiring to intercept voicemail and accessing data on stolen mobile phones.” We also learned in June that Scotland Yard had officially told Rupert Murdoch of their intention to interview him as part of their inquiry into allegations of crime at his British newspapers. The Guardian revealed that Murdoch was first contacted in 2013, but the police ceded to his lawyers’ request that any interrogation should wait until the Coulson–Brooks trial had finished.
  • Unauthorised Tapping Into Or Hacking of Mobile Communications

    Unauthorised Tapping Into Or Hacking of Mobile Communications

    House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Unauthorised tapping into or hacking of mobile communications Thirteenth Report of Session 2010–12 1. This report is strictly embargoed and is not for broadcast or publication, in any form, before 05.00hrs, Wednesday 20 July 2011. 2. This report is issued under the condition that it should not be forwarded or copied to anyone else. 3. Under no circumstances should you distribute copies to anyone else or speak to the media before the publication time about the content of this report. 4. The report is subject to parliamentary copyright and you are not permitted to distribute, replicate, or publish further copies either in hard copy or on the internet either before or after publication. 5. If these instructions are unclear in any way please contact Alex Paterson on 020 7219 1589 or email [email protected] HC 907 Unauthorised tapping into or hacking of mobile communications 3 House of Commons Home Affairs Committee Unauthorised tapping into or hacking of mobile communications Thirteenth Report of Session 2010–12 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 19 July 2011 HC 907 Published on 20 July 2011 by authority of the House of Commons London: The Stationery Office Limited £0.00 The Home Affairs Committee The Home Affairs Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Home Office and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Keith Vaz MP (Labour, Leicester East) (Chair) Nicola Blackwood MP (Conservative, Oxford West
  • Aftermath of the Anti-Terrorism Police Raids in Forest Gate on 2 June 2006

    Aftermath of the Anti-Terrorism Police Raids in Forest Gate on 2 June 2006

    Scrutiny by the Metropolitan Police Authority of communication and media at the Metropolitan Police Service with particular reference to the handling of media and communications during the Forest Gate incident of June 2006 Aftermath of the Anti-Terrorism Police Raids in Forest Gate on 2 June 2006 Submission of Newham Monitoring Project 27 September 2006 Aftermath of the Police Raids in Forest Gate on 2 June 2006 1. Terms of Reference 1.1. On Friday 2 June, 2006 police carried out raids on 46 and 48 Lansdown Road, Forest Gate, London. In the weeks following these raids the Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) amended its existing scrutiny programme of the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) for 2006/7 to include the media and communications strategy of the MPS. 1.2. The stated objectives of this amendment to the MPA’s scrutiny programme is to : a) Assess the extent to which the MPS has the strategies, policies, protocols and processes in place to ensure efficient and effective communication, media and reputation management, particularly in the context of the 24 hour news environment. b) Undertake a detailed analysis of the handling of the media and communication during the Forest Gate incident in June 2006. c) Assess how effectively the MPS engages internally to manage communication to the media, Londoners and stakeholders, particularly during sensitive operations. d) Understand the culture of the MPS towards communication and media management and the impact this has on the delivery of an effective service. e) Evaluate the use of resources available to the MPS to deliver this key function, including understanding the division of resources and lines of accountability between central and local directorates.
  • Promoting the Accumulation of Tumor-Specific T Cells in Tumor

    Promoting the Accumulation of Tumor-Specific T Cells in Tumor

    PROTOCOL Promoting the accumulation of tumor-specific T cells in tumor tissues by dendritic cell vaccines and chemokine-modulating agents Nataša Obermajer1 , Julie Urban2, Eva Wieckowski1,2,6, Ravikumar Muthuswamy1, Roshni Ravindranathan1, David L Bartlett1 & Pawel Kalinski1–5 1Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 2Immunotransplantation Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 3University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 4Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 5Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. 6Deceased. Correspondence should be addressed to P.K. ([email protected]). Published online 18 January 2018; doi:10.1038/nprot.2017.130 This protocol describes how to induce large numbers of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) in the spleens and lymph nodes of mice receiving dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and how to modulate tumor microenvironments (TMEs) to ensure effective homing of the vaccination-induced CTLs to tumor tissues. We also describe how to evaluate the numbers of tumor-specific CTLs within tumors. The protocol contains detailed information describing how to generate a specialized DC vaccine with augmented ability to induce tumor-specific CTLs. We also describe methods to modulate the production of chemokines in the TME and show how to quantify tumor-specific CTLs in the lymphoid organs and tumor tissues of mice receiving different treatments. The combined experimental procedure, including tumor implantation, DC vaccine generation, chemokine-modulating (CKM) approaches, and the analyses of tumor-specific systemic and intratumoral immunity is performed over 30–40 d. The presented ELISpot-based ex vivo CTL assay takes 6 h to set up and 5 h to develop.
  • Pharmacological Improvement of Oncolytic Virotherapy

    Pharmacological Improvement of Oncolytic Virotherapy

    PHARMACOLOGICAL IMPROVEMENT OF ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY Mohammed Selman Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate of Philosophy in Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa © Mohammed Selman, Ottawa, Canada, 2018 Abstract Oncolytic viruses (OV) are an emerging class of anticancer bio-therapeutics that induce antitumor immunity through selective replication in cancer cells. However, the efficacy of OVs as single agents remains limited. We postulate that resistance to oncolytic virotherapy results in part from the failure of tumor cells to be sufficiently infected. In this study, we provide evidence that in the context of sarcoma, a highly heterogeneous malignancy, the infection of tumors by different oncolytic viruses varies greatly. Similarly, for a given oncolytic virus, productive infection of tumors across patient samples varies by many orders of magnitude. To overcome this issue, we hypothesize that the infection of resistant tumors can be achieved through the use of selected small molecules. Here, we have identified two novel drug classes with the ability to improve the efficacy of OV therapy: fumaric and maleic acid esters (FMAEs) and vanadium compounds. FMAEs are enhancing infection of cancer cells by several oncolytic viruses in cancer cell lines and human tumor biopsies. The ability of FMAEs to enhance viral spread is due to their ability to inhibit type I IFN production and response, which is associated with their ability to block nuclear translocation of transcription factor NF-κB. Vanadium-based phosphatase inhibitors enhance OV infection of RNA viruses in vitro and ex vivo, in resistant cancer cell lines.
  • JFP 0205 Comm Ernst.Final.REV2

    JFP 0205 Comm Ernst.Final.REV2

    Family Medicine Forum Second thoughts on integrative medicine Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, FRCP,FRCPEd Peninsula Medical School, Universities of Exeter and Plymouth, Exeter, UK ntegrative medicine is a new concept of care, we should integrate CAM across all of soci- healthcare.1,2 Confusingly, the term has 2 ety. This line of argument seems logical and well Idefinitions. The first definition is a healthcare intentioned. But is it convincing? system “that selectively incorporates elements of Just because the affluent are the primary complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) recipients of CAM does not necessarily recom- into comprehensive treatment plans….”1 The mend it to everyone. Their lifestyle choices also second definition is an approach that emphasizes put them at greater risk for cancer and gout, and “health and healing rather than disease and treat- they undergo liposuction more often. That the ment. It views patients as whole people with affluent can afford to pay for CAM does not mean minds and spirits as well as bodies….”1 it’s good for them. I would argue that the whole-person concept has always been at the core of good medicine, The evidence for benefits vs risks particularly primary care, and that coining a new The assumption we should really mistrust is that name for an old value is counterproductive. If we satisfaction with CAM services is the same as a can agree that the whole-person concept needs demonstration of efficacy. The missing link in the no other name, we can greatly simplify matters logic of integrated medicine is the evidence that by letting integrative medicine stand for just one CAM does more good than harm.
  • Report Into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005

    Report Into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005

    ISC Annual Report_prelims 9/5/06 11:06 am Page TPi Intelligence and Security Committee Report into the London Terrorist Attacks on 7 July 2005 Chairman: The Rt. Hon. Paul Murphy, MP Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by Command of Her Majesty MAY 2006 Cm 6785 £10.50 ISC Annual Report_prelims 8/5/06 11:50 pm Page ii © Crown Copyright 2006 The text in this document (excluding the Royal Arms and departmental logos) may be reproduced free of charge in any format or medium providing that it is reproduced accurately and not used in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified. Any enquiries relating to the copyright in this document should be addressed to The Licensing Division, HMSO, St Clements House, 2–16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ. Fax: 01603 723000 or e-mail: [email protected] ISC Annual Report_prelims 8/5/06 11:50 pm Page iii From: The Chairman, The Rt. Hon. Paul Murphy, MP INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY COMMITTEE 70 Whitehall London SW1A 2AS ISC 105/2006 30 March 2006 Rt. Hon. Tony Blair, MP Prime Minister 10 Downing Street London SW1A 2AA On 7 July 2006 fifty-two people were killed in the terrorist attacks in London. The Intelligence and Security Committee has examined the intelligence and security matters relevant to the attacks and I enclose with this letter a Report which covers our findings. Investigations into the 7 and 21 July events continue, and therefore some information remains sub judice.
  • Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Therapies for Cancer

    Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Therapies for Cancer

    cells Review Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus-Based Therapies for Cancer Norah Aldrak 1 , Sarah Alsaab 1,2, Aliyah Algethami 1, Deepak Bhere 3,4,5 , Hiroaki Wakimoto 3,4,5,6 , Khalid Shah 3,4,5,7, Mohammad N. Alomary 1,2,* and Nada Zaidan 1,2,* 1 Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Joint Centers of Excellence Program, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] (N.A.); [email protected] (S.A.); [email protected] (A.A.) 2 National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia 3 Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (K.S.) 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA 5 BWH Center of Excellence for Biomedicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA 6 Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA 7 Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.N.A.); [email protected] (N.Z.) Abstract: With the increased worldwide burden of cancer, including aggressive and resistant cancers, oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a viable therapeutic option. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) can be genetically engineered to target cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
  • Thames Valley Branch December Event

    Thames Valley Branch December Event

    Thames Valley Branch December event ‘By Royal Appointment’ – insights on protecting the Royal Family 09 December 2016 Phyllis Court, Marlow Road, Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, RG9 2HT 19.00–23.00 www.iosh.co.uk/thamesvalleybranch Thames Valley Branch December event 09 December 2016 Phyllis Court, Marlow Road, Henley on Thames, Oxfordshire, RG9 2HT 19.00–23.00 IOSH Thames Valley Branch is delighted Booking is essential to invite you to its December event. Members may bring guests and enjoy an opportunity to socialise and network. Come and enjoy a festive social evening in a sumptuous setting. Our guest speaker, Andy Hayman, will share anecdotes IOSH members and one guest – £17 per person and give some fascinating insights from his experiences of Additional guests – £34 per person working to ensure the safety of the Royal Family. Let us know of any special dietary requirements when Guest speaker Andy Hayman CBE, QPM you book. Please book and pay at Thames Valley Branch Andy is an experienced public speaker and raconteur. meetings, using the attached booking form or by post. At the Dinner, he will bring to life the responsibility he had Please post (cheques only, please) to David Heath, for Royal Protection. Formerly, he was Chief Constable 1 Havelock Crescent, Maidenhead SL6 5BL. of Norfolk Constabulary and Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations at the Metropolitan Police. He was the If you have any queries or need any more information, highest-ranking officer for counter-terrorism in the UK, and please email [email protected] was directly responsible for the investigation into the July or visit www.iosh.co.uk/thamesvalleybranch.
  • Report of the 7 July Review Committee

    Report of the 7 July Review Committee

    cover2.qxd 5/26/06 3:41 pm Page 1 Report of the 7 July Review Committee - Volume 2 Volume - Committee Report of the 7 July Review Report of the 7 July Review Committee Volume 2: Views and information from organisations Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk Enquiries 020 7983 4100 June 2006 Minicom 020 7983 4458 LA/May 06/SD D&P Volume 2: Views and information from organisations Contents Page Transcript of hearing on 3 November 2005 3 Transport for London, Metropolitan Police Service, City of London Police, British Transport Police, London Fire Brigade and London Ambulance Service Transcript of hearing on 1 December 2005 Telecommunications companies: BT, O2, Vodafone, Cable & Wireless 61 Communication with businesses: London Chamber of Commerce & Industry 90 and Metropolitan Police Service Transcript of hearing on 11 January 2006 Local authorities: Croydon Council (Local Authority Gold on 7 July), Camden 109 Council, Tower Hamlets Council and Westminster City Council Health Service: NHS London, Barts & the London NHS Trust, Great Ormond 122 Street Hospital, Royal London Hospital and Royal College of Nursing Media: Sky News, BBC News, BBC London, ITV News, LBC News & Heart 132 106.2, Capital Radio and London Media Emergency Forum, Evening Standard, The Times Transcript of hearing on 1 March 2006 147 Ken Livingstone, Mayor of London Sir Ian Blair, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Written submissions from organisations Metropolitan Police 167 City of London Police 175 London Fire Brigade
  • IL-6 Signaling Blockade During CD40-Mediated Immune Activation Favors Antitumor Factors by Reducing TGF-Β, Collagen Type I

    IL-6 Signaling Blockade During CD40-Mediated Immune Activation Favors Antitumor Factors by Reducing TGF-Β, Collagen Type I

    IL-6 Signaling Blockade during CD40-Mediated Immune Activation Favors Antitumor Factors by Reducing TGF-β, Collagen Type I, and PD-L1/PD-1 This information is current as of September 26, 2021. Emma Eriksson, Ioanna Milenova, Jessica Wenthe, Rafael Moreno, Ramon Alemany and Angelica Loskog J Immunol 2019; 202:787-798; Prepublished online 7 January 2019; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800717 Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/content/202/3/787 References This article cites 50 articles, 12 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/ http://www.jimmunol.org/content/202/3/787.full#ref-list-1 Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists by guest on September 26, 2021 • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2019 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology IL-6 Signaling Blockade during CD40-Mediated Immune Activation Favors Antitumor Factors by Reducing TGF-b, Collagen Type I, and PD-L1/PD-1 Emma Eriksson,* Ioanna Milenova,* Jessica Wenthe,* Rafael Moreno,† Ramon Alemany,† and Angelica Loskog*,‡ IL-6 plays a role in cancer pathogenesis via its connection to proteins involved in the formation of desmoplastic stroma and to immunosuppression by driving differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells together with TGF-b.
  • Development of a New Hyaluronic Acid Based Redox-Responsive Nanohydrogel for the Encapsulation of Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Immunotherapy

    Development of a New Hyaluronic Acid Based Redox-Responsive Nanohydrogel for the Encapsulation of Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Immunotherapy

    nanomaterials Article Development of a New Hyaluronic Acid Based Redox-Responsive Nanohydrogel for the Encapsulation of Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Immunotherapy Siyuan Deng 1, Alessandra Iscaro 2, Giorgia Zambito 3,4, Yimin Mijiti 5 , Marco Minicucci 5 , Magnus Essand 6, Clemens Lowik 3,4 , Munitta Muthana 2, Roberta Censi 1, Laura Mezzanotte 3,4 and Piera Di Martino 1,* 1 School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy; [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (R.C.) 2 Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; [email protected] (A.I.); m.muthana@sheffield.ac.uk (M.M.) 3 Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] (G.Z.); [email protected] (C.L.); [email protected] (L.M.) 4 Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands 5 Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.M.) 6 Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0737-40-2215 Abstract: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as promising and potential anti-cancer thera- peutic agents, not only able to kill cancer cells directly by selective intracellular viral replication, Citation: Deng, S.; Iscaro, A.; but also to promote an immune response against tumor. Unfortunately, the bioavailability Zambito, G.; Mijiti, Y.; Minicucci, M.; under systemic administration of OVs is limited because of undesired inactivation caused by Essand, M.; Lowik, C.; Muthana, M.; host immune system and neutralizing antibodies in the bloodstream.