THE ART OF WAR IN WESTERN WORLD PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Archer Jones | 768 pages | 19 Dec 2000 | University of Illinois Press | 9780252069666 | English | Baltimore, United States The Art of War in the Western World by Archer Jones

Historians say that the French emperor Napoleon was the first Western leader to follow its teachings. It was finally translated into English in The Art of War presents the basic principles of warfare and gives military leaders advice on when and how to fight. Its 13 chapters offer specific battle strategies—for example, one tells commanders how to move armies through inhospitable terrain, while another explains how to use and respond to different types of weapons—but they also give more general advice about conflicts and their resolution. Ever since The Art of War was published, military leaders have been following its advice. Meanwhile, executives and lawyers use the teachings of The Art of War to get the upper hand in negotiations and to win trials. Business-school professors assign the book to their students and sports coaches use it to win games. It has even been the subject of a self-help dating guide. Plainly, this 2,year-old book still resonates with a 21st- century audience. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Known as the Renaissance, the period immediately following the Middle Ages in Europe saw a great revival of interest in the classical learning and values of ancient Greece and Rome. Against a backdrop of political stability and growing prosperity, the development of new Of Sun Wu himself Tzu is an honorific particle, meaning "master" , little is known beyond his birth in the state of Ch'i and service to King The Ming Dynasty ruled China from to A. Known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West, the Ming Dynasty is also remembered for its drama, literature and world-renowned Amid the harsh repression of slavery, Americans of African descent, and particularly black women, managed—sometimes at their own peril—to preserve the culture of their ancestry and articulate both their struggles and hopes in their own words and images. A growing number of black Art Nouveau was an art and design movement that grew out of the Arts and Crafts movement of the late 19th Century. Art Nouveau highlighted curvaceous lines, often inspired by plants and flowers, as well as geometric patterns. Art Deco was a sprawling design sensibility that The Han Dynasty ruled China from B. Though tainted by deadly dramas within the royal court, it is also known for its promotion of Confucianism as the state religion and opening the Silk Road trade route to Europe, In around B. Most of all, Pericles paid artisans to build temples The Tang Dynasty is considered a golden age of Chinese arts and culture. Thus, the reader is presented by something of a paradox - a book making a claim to providing the definition of western warfare is in essence saying that what actually took place throughout all these years was the 'wrong' approach. In comparison with my main objections against the fundamental ideas and conclusions provided by this book, the final problem I'll address in this review may very well be a minor issue. I can't however leave it unmentioned, as it annoyed me beyond all reason throughout this book. A major component of professor Jones analysis consists of a selection of battles and campaigns that in his opinion illustrate his points. Many of these examples come from classical period. I am almost petrified to make this grave statement regarding such an esteemed historian as Archer Jones, but I can't help but question his knowledge about military history of that period. On several occasions I was simply flabbergasted by what I read. For example, the Spartan martial capability is reduced by the author to a 'one trick pony'-level. According to the professor, they used some sort of right-angled approach toward enemy line in an attempt to exploit the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right. Let's disregard the fact that there are no primary sources that describe such a maneuver - true, Spartans always placed themselves on the right flank, but only because it was a place of honor. Let's also discount the fact that the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right was well known by every every general in Greek city-states. It is however impossible to dismiss the purely logical argument that says that if Spartha relied on a single 'trick', it would hardly achieve the status it held for hundreds of years. Such argument is especially weak, if one also remembers that flanks of hoplite armies were habitually covered by swarms of peltasts, which according to the author himself, were superior to heavy hoplites! The author tells us that Theban victory at Leuctra was due to Epaminondas finally realizing how to counter Spartan 'one trick pony'-move and using Theban Sacred band to outflank the supposed flankers. He fails however to mention the massive phalanx formation that opposed the Spartans on the right flank in that battle as well as the REAL innovation introduced by Epaminondas - the refused flank maneuver. Another example of a very odd interpretation of available primary sources in a presentation of a battle can be found in author's analysis of Zama. Here, professor Jones claims that Hannibal intended to outflank the army of Scipio in a copy of maneuver he used at Cannae. How one can arrive to that conclusion is simply beyond my understanding. Not only was Hannibal inferior in cavalry strength due to defection of Masinissa, but his dispositions of infantry suggest no such intentions. If anything, Hannibal's deployment is shockingly unconventional when compared with his other battles and indicates in every respect that he intended to fight a battle of attrition. Leuctra and Zama are but two examples of battles and campaigns that in this book are in my opinion presented in very strange manner. Things are getting better as the book progresses toward medieval period and beyond, but classical examples are used repeatedly throughout the book to prove various points. Since those examples are in my opinion 'malformed' to be begin with, any conclusions based on them sounded hollow to me. Because of the reasons mentioned above, but also for other reasons I won't go into, I found this book a very difficult and frustrating read. While parts of the book are indeed very informative and the analysis provided by the author is at times indeed quite brilliant, the fundamental conclusions to which the he arrives simply don't sound true to me. Having finished it, I had more questions and objections than answers. Mostly however, I felt relieved that I arrived to the end of the book with which I didn't agree and which turned out to be a chore rather than a pleasure to read. Apr 18, Mark rated it really liked it. I was looking for a book that gave a broad view of military tactics across history, and this book delivered. The book's point of view is long ancient Greeks up to Israeli war and broad battle tactics, troop movement, costs, logistics, technology. There are also lots of little fascinating tidbits to be found along the way that I never knew. For example, originally bayonets were mounted in the rifle barrel and it took about a decade before they moved to the outside of the barrel so the so I was looking for a book that gave a broad view of military tactics across history, and this book delivered. For example, originally bayonets were mounted in the rifle barrel and it took about a decade before they moved to the outside of the barrel so the soldiers could keep shooting. The main problem I had was that the structure is repetitive. Jones is trying to write about both tactics and history and often organizes chapters as: a preview of an era's tactics, a history of the era's battles with tactics, a review of the era's history with tactics, and then a summary of the era's tactics. I tried to do a lot of intelligent skimming, but could never be sure when some new interesting fact or insight might crop up in the middle of an otherwise repetitive section. Dec 20, Joseph rated it really liked it Shelves: non-fiction. Wow that book was Long! I read this book a couple times in high school and it changed my life. I was always fascinated with history, in particular military history, and this book gave me my basis for my 4 year obsession with history during high school. More specific books were difficult for me to understand because they assumed I had the basis this book provided. If you want an introduction to military history this book cannot be beat. Oct 23, Kyle rated it liked it. This is a great basic view of western warfare, particularly strong through the classical and medievil periods. Jones does seek, however, to try to squeeze every military time period into his four-part box schematic, which sometimes works, aometimes doesn't, especially as the later modern period is approached. Still, good for some one stop shopping for a basic survey. Aug 05, Jeremy Hatfield rated it it was ok. Informative, pretty well-researched, but exceedingly dry. Mar 05, Chris rated it liked it. More military, less politically-focused history. Had to dig into Wikipedia for context on periods I am unfamliiar with eg the years between the 30 Years War and the French Revolution. Conveniently enough, I hit the long chapter about WW2 at the same time I was reading the rules for a WW2 air combat game, which was a nice complimentary pairing. May 18, J. Ortiz rated it it was amazing. Dec 28, Steve rated it did not like it Shelves: military-history. Numerous errors. Richard Pollitt rated it really liked it Apr 27, Darrell rated it really liked it Apr 06, Ryan rated it liked it Jul 12, Desdichado rated it it was amazing Oct 31, Dima Sim rated it it was amazing Nov 13, Anthony Sousa rated it liked it Sep 13, Rowland rated it it was amazing Dec 29, Nick rated it liked it Jan 24, Edward rated it really liked it Jul 11, Matt rated it really liked it Feb 07, Jeroen De Wijn rated it really liked it Oct 19, Brannon rated it really liked it Jun 30, Russell rated it really liked it Feb 26, Philip rated it liked it Dec 26, Kristofer rated it liked it Jul 01, The Art of War in the Western World - Archer Jones - Google книги

But the end of Western colonial imperialism saw the rise of Westrern neocolonialism or economic imperialism. Multinational corporations came to offer "a dramatic refinement of the traditional business enterprise", through "issues as far ranging as national sovereignty, ownership of the means of production, environmental protection, consumerism, and policies toward organized labor. During the Cold War , a new definition emerged. Earth was divided into three "worlds". The Third World consisted of countries, many of which were unaligned with either , and important members included India, Yugoslavia , Finland Finlandization and Switzerland Swiss Neutrality ; some include the People's Republic of China , though this is disputed, since the People's Republic of China, as communist, had friendly relations—at certain times—with the Soviet bloc, and had a significant degree of importance in global geopolitics. A number of countries did not fit comfortably into this neat definition of partition, including Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, and Ireland , which chose to be neutral. In , when Austria again became a fully independent republic, it did so under the condition that it remain neutral; but as a country to the west of the Iron Curtain, it was in the United States' sphere of influence. In a debated Cold War II , a new definition emerged inside the realm of western journalism. The exact scope of the Western world is somewhat subjective in nature, depending on whether cultural, economic, spiritual or political criteria are employed. It is a generally accepted [ citation needed ] western view to recognize the existence of at least three "major worlds" or "cultures", or "civilizations" , broadly in contrast with the Western: the Eastern world , the Arab and the African worlds, with no clearly specified boundaries. Additionally, Latin American and Orthodox worlds are sometimes separately considered "akin" to the West. Many anthropologists, sociologists and historians oppose "the West and the Rest" in a categorical manner. As the term " Western world " does not have a strict international definition, governments do not use the term in legislation of international treaties and instead rely on other definitions. In modern usage, Western world refers to Europe and to areas whose populations largely originate from Europe , through the Age of Discovery's imperialism. In the 20th century, Christianity declined in influence in many Western countries, mostly in the European Union where some member states have experienced falling church attendance and membership in recent years, [94] and also elsewhere. Secularism separating religion from politics and science increased. However, while church attendance is in decline, in some western countries i. Italy, Poland and Portugal more than half the people state that religion is important , [95] and most Westerners nominally identify themselves as Christians e. In the Americas, Christianity continues to play an important societal role, though in areas such as Canada, a low level of religiosity is common due to a European-type secularization. The official religions of the United Kingdom and some Nordic countries are forms of Christianity, while the majority of European countries have no official religion. Despite this, Christianity, in its different forms, remains the largest faith in most Western countries. The entity, Philippines is in itself a Spanish creation. Western world countries also are the most keen on digital and televisual media technologies, as they were in the postwar period on television and radio: from to , internet 's market penetration in the West was twice that in non- Western regions. The term "Western world" is sometimes interchangeably used with the term First World or developed countries , stressing the difference between First World and the Third World or developing countries. This usage occurs despite the fact that many countries that may be culturally "Western" are developing countries — in fact, a significant percentage of the Americas are developing countries. It is also used despite many developed countries or regions not being Western e. Privatization policies involving government enterprises and public services and multinational corporations are often considered a visible sign of Western nations's economic presence, especially in Third World countries, and represent common institutional environment for powerful politicians, enterprises, trade unions and firms, bankers and thinkers of the Western world. American political scientist, adviser and academic Samuel P. Huntington considered Latin America as separate from the Western world for the purpose of his geopolitical analysis. Although it is a scion of European mainly Spanish and Portuguese civilization, it also incorporates, to an extent, elements of indigenous American civilizations, absent from North America and Europe. It has had a corporatist and authoritarian culture that Europe had to a much lesser extent. Historically, Latin America has been only Catholic, although this is changing due to the influx of Protestants into the region. Some regions in Latin America incorporate indigenous cultures, which did not exist in Europe and were effectively annihilated in the United States, and whose importance oscillates between two extremes: Mexico, Central America, Peru and Bolivia, on the one hand, and Argentina and Chile on the other. However, he does mention that the modus operandi of the Catholic Church was to incorporate native elements of pagan European cultures into the general dogma of Catholicism, and the Native American elements could be perceived in the same way. Some say: "Yes, we are part of the West. Huntington goes on to mention that Latin America could be considered a sub-civilization within Western civilization, or a separate civilization intimately related to the West and divided as to its belonging to it. While the second option is the most appropriate and useful for an analysis focused on the international political consequences of civilizations, including relations between Latin America, on the one hand, and North America and Europe, on the other, he also mentions that the underlying conflict of Latin America belonging to the West must eventually be addressed in order to develop a cohesive Latin American identity. According to Samuel P. Huntington , some countries are torn on whether they are Western or not, with typically the national leadership pushing for Westernization , while historical, cultural and traditional forces remain largely non-Western. It is his chief example of a "torn country" that is attempting to join Western civilization. He also gives the example of Australia as a country torn between its Western civilizational heritage and its growing economic engagement with Asia. A series of scholars of civilization, including Arnold J. Toynbee , Alfred Kroeber and Carroll Quigley have identified and analyzed "Western civilization" as one of the civilizations that have historically existed and still exist today. Toynbee entered into quite an expansive mode, including as candidates those countries or cultures who became so heavily influenced by the West as to adopt these borrowings into their very self-identity. Carried to its limit, this would in practice include almost everyone within the West, in one way or another. In particular, Toynbee refers to the intelligentsia formed among the educated elite of countries impacted by the European expansion of centuries past. While often pointedly nationalist, these cultural and political leaders interacted within the West to such an extent as to change both themselves and the West. The theologian and paleontologist Pierre Teilhard de Chardin conceived of the West as the set of civilizations descended from the Nile Valley Civilization of Egypt. Palestinian-American literary critic Edward Said uses the term occident in his discussion of orientalism. According to his binary , the West, or Occident, created a romanticized vision of the East, or Orient, to justify colonial and imperialist intentions. This Occident-Orient binary focuses on the Western vision of the East instead of any truths about the East. His theories are rooted in Hegel 's master-slave dialectic : The Occident would not exist without the Orient and vice versa. Further, Western writers created this irrational, feminine, weak "Other" to contrast with the rational, masculine, strong West because of a need to create a difference between the two that would justify imperialist ambitions, according to the Said-influenced Indian-American theorist Homi K. Division of the Roman Empire after into western and eastern part. The geopolitical divisions in Europe that created a concept of East and West originated in the Roman Empire. Latin alphabet world distribution. The dark green areas show the countries where this alphabet is the sole official or de facto official national script. The light green places show the countries where the alphabet co-exists with other scripts. Map showing relative degree of religiosity by country. Based on a — worldwide survey by Gallup. Human language families. Western Palearctic , a part of the Palearctic realm , one of the eight biogeographic realms dividing the Earth's surface. Indo-European languages. Human Development Index Report based on data, published in Relative geographic prevalence of Christianity versus the second most prevalent religion Islam and lack of either religion, in From a very different perspective, it has also been argued that the idea of the West is, in part, a non-Western invention, deployed in the non-West to shape and define non-Western pathways through or against modernity. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the Western world in the context of the East—West dichotomy. For other uses, see Western World disambiguation. For historical politics in Korea, see Westerners Korean political faction. For other uses, see Occident disambiguation. Countries that identify themselves with an originally European shared culture. This article's factual accuracy is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. July Learn how and when to remove this template message. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. Main articles: Western culture , Western literature , Western art history , and Classical music. Further information: History of Western civilization. Main articles: Ancient Greece and Hellenistic civilization. April Learn how and when to remove this template message. Graphical map of post-AD Roman Empire highlighting differences between western Roman Catholic and eastern Greek Orthodox parts, on the eve of the death of last emperor to rule on both the western and eastern halves. The concept of "East- West" originated in the cultural division between Christian Churches. This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. September Western world's major national buildings and churches by the colonial 15th—20th centuries. Legislative buildings. Maps on the Cold War East—west division. Cold War colonial empires through decolonization. The global distribution of Christians: a darker shade means a higher proportion of Christians. Main article: Cold War II. Asia as the " Eastern world " , the Arab world and Africa. Further information: Western culture and Culture of Europe. Map illustrations of the West according to different but closely interrelated definitions. The Parthenon , a former temple Athens , c. The Victorious Youth , a controversial Greek bronze Greece , c. Ancient Theatre of Epidaurus , seats up to 14, people Epidaurus , c. The Pantheon , a former temple visited—in alone—by over 6 million people Rome , c. AD The Uniqueness of Western Civilization. The Myth of the Clash of Civilizations. The reason why even such a sophisticated historian as Pagden can do it is that the idea that Greece is the cradle of civilisation is so much rooted in western minds and school curicula as to be taken for granted. Broad Penguin Publishing Group. In , a friend of de Boer's invited him to join a team of scientists that was going to Greece to assess the suitability of the But the idea of learning more about Greece — the cradle of Western civilization, a fresh example of tectonic forces at The Rosen Publishing Group. Findling; Kimberly D. Pelle Encyclopedia of the Modern Olympic Movement. Greenwood Publishing Group. Thompson; Mark H. Western Europe, Stryker-Post Publications. History of Philosophy Volume 1: Greece and Rome. Casa Editrice Bonechi. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. April Current Issues and the Study of Ancient History. Regina Books. Elites: A General Model. Greece has long been considered the seedbed or cradle of Western civilization. Gangemi Editore spa. Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy. Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece. Rome: the cradle of western civilisation as illustrated by existing monuments. Grant Retrieved 4 January Jerusalem and Vicinity. Peninsula of Mt. Archived from the original PDF on 7 January Clash of Civilizations 6th ed. Washington, DC. The origin of western civilization is usually dated to or AD. In general, researchers consider that it has three main components, in Europe, North America and Latin America. Although it is a scion of European civilization, it also incorporates more elements of indigenous American civilizations compared to those of North America and Europe. It also currently has had a more corporatist and authoritarian culture. Historically, Latin America has been only Catholic, although this may be changing. Elcano Royal Institute. Retrieved 15 December Science Daily. Khan Academy. A history of eastern Europe: crisis and change. Society in Focus. Boston, MA: Pearson. University of Pennsylvania Press. Retrieved 28 June Spielvogel 14 September Western Civilization: Volume A: To Cengage Learning. Retrieved 31 January Wells , The Outline of History , Section From a new angle and with a fresh vigour it took up that systematic development of positive knowledge, which the Greeks had begun and relinquished. It revived the human pursuit of science. If the Greek was the father, then the Arab was the foster-father of the scientific method of dealing with reality, that is to say, by absolute frankness, the utmost simplicity of statement and explanation, exact record, and exhaustive criticism. Through the Arabs it was and not by the Latin route that the modern world received that gift of light and power. What Went Wrong. Oxford University Press. In the era between the decline of antiquity and the dawn of modernity, that is, in the centuries designated in European history as medieval, the Islamic claim was not without justification. Retrieved 6 May Mayne, Jr. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. Reed Johnson is assistant city editor. Daily News and the Rochester, N. How Linda Stark transforms kitschy hearts into visceral symbols of love and valor. In her first solo at David Kordansky, Stark focuses on hearts and their meanings — as tokens of love but also as symbols of valor, such as the Purple Heart. Hot Property. About Us. Brand Publishing. Times Events. Times News Platforms. Times Store. Facebook Twitter Show more sharing options Share Close extra sharing options. Enter Email Address. Reed Johnson. Follow Us twitter instagram email facebook. More From the Los Angeles Times. Art forever changed by World War I - Los Angeles Times

Skip to search form Skip to main content You are currently offline. Some features of the site may not work correctly. DOI: Guilmartin and A. Guilmartin , A. Covering combat from the slings and arrows of ancient Greece and Macedonia to the ultimate missiles of today, Archer Jones shows that while weaponry might have increased a thousandfold, military tactics have, in some ways, changed very little. The text is illustrated throughout with line drawings of battle manoeuvres, war-engines, and weaponry. View PDF. Save to Library. Create Alert. Launch Research Feed. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Dec 28, Marcus rated it it was ok Shelves: history , history-military. History of two and a half millennia of development of western art of war - obviously a monumental task and a book penned by acomplished historian attempting to tackle this topic must automatically rank very high in the reading list of any student of military history. My personal expectations for this book were very high indeed. Four months after opening it for very first time and after countless occasions on which I had to exert all of my will power to resist the temptation to put it down and ne History of two and a half millennia of development of western art of war - obviously a monumental task and a book penned by acomplished historian attempting to tackle this topic must automatically rank very high in the reading list of any student of military history. Four months after opening it for very first time and after countless occasions on which I had to exert all of my will power to resist the temptation to put it down and never pick it up again, I have finally read its final page and am now left wondering if it was worth my time and effort. I'll be frank straight of the bat and admit that I have literally countless problems with this book and ideas presented in it, but will limit my critique to a couple of fundamental issues. Perhaps the most important one is that I disagree with author's basic approach to the topic and the conclusions he comes to. Author's point of view, at least as far as I understand it, is based on two fundamental assumptions. The first of these defines basic structure of all armed forces throughout years - light infantry, mobile and most often equipped with missile weapons, heavy infantry, purpose of which is shock combat, light cavalry equipped similarly to its infantry equivalent, but with superior mobility and finally heavy cavalry, equivalent to heavy infantry, but once again more mobile and able to deploy more rapidly than its foot equivalent. Jones permanent throughout the ages and work a bit like rock, paper, scissors game. The surprise here is that according to the author, the light infantry and cavalry are the superior weapon systems. The other fundamental assumption of the author concerns the strategies available to the combatants. These are equally simple as troop classifications or in fact simpler, because according to the author there are only two of them - combat-oriented or logistics-oriented. Each of these strategies can be of either persisting or raiding nature and each of resulting combinations can be used in either offensive or defensive manner. Finally, the author asserts few basic, but pretty much immutable rules by which all warfare must obey. Advantage of defense versus offense under precondition that both sides use similar weapon systems and advantage of retreat versus pursuit are perhaps the most important ones, closely followed by necessity of adequate ratio of force relative space if the objectives are to be achieved and finally the logistical constraints. With these basic preconceptions they are naturally a bit more complex, but I hope you get the gist as square one, the author then proceeds with the chronological study of military history of western world and arrives after some pages to a rather surprising conclusion - the more things change, the more they stay the same! In broad strokes, the development of military art of western world has according to professor Jones reached its pinnacle in classical period and with the exception of few major developments, such as increased articulation of military units, effects of socketed bayonet on both the defensive and offensive capabilities of the infantry and disappearance of horse cavalry from the battlefield due to overwhelming firepower of infantry being the most significant ones, the military development in the western world has been pretty much running in circles, chasing its own tail for years. This conclusion will undoubtedly appeal to some readers, but to me it is an incredibly frustrating and unsatisfactory over-simplification. Another major conclusion of the author is perhaps even more perplexing. According to professor Jones, combat-oriented strategies are inferior to the logistic ones, especially if those are based on raiding principles. This proposition is baffling for one simple reason - if there is one characteristic that is typical of western art of war, it is its very atypical aggressive pursuit of decisive battle with the opposing armed force. Ever since the time of classical Greece despite the author's attempts to make a big thing of Spartha's logistical strategy during parts of Peloponnesian War , the goal of military operations of western cultures was predominantly the destruction of the opposing army. This fact is recognized by such prominent historians as John Keegan or Victor Hanson Davis, and in the final pages of this book, albeit obliquely, also by the author himsel. And yet, the inevitable conclusion one has to draw from the analysis presented by this book is that this approach, despite its predominance over two and a half millennium and despite giving the western world global domination in last five centuries, is ineffective and simply wrong. Thus, the reader is presented by something of a paradox - a book making a claim to providing the definition of western warfare is in essence saying that what actually took place throughout all these years was the 'wrong' approach. In comparison with my main objections against the fundamental ideas and conclusions provided by this book, the final problem I'll address in this review may very well be a minor issue. I can't however leave it unmentioned, as it annoyed me beyond all reason throughout this book. A major component of professor Jones analysis consists of a selection of battles and campaigns that in his opinion illustrate his points. Many of these examples come from classical period. I am almost petrified to make this grave statement regarding such an esteemed historian as Archer Jones, but I can't help but question his knowledge about military history of that period. On several occasions I was simply flabbergasted by what I read. For example, the Spartan martial capability is reduced by the author to a 'one trick pony'-level. According to the professor, they used some sort of right-angled approach toward enemy line in an attempt to exploit the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right. Let's disregard the fact that there are no primary sources that describe such a maneuver - true, Spartans always placed themselves on the right flank, but only because it was a place of honor. Let's also discount the fact that the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right was well known by every every general in Greek city-states. It is however impossible to dismiss the purely logical argument that says that if Spartha relied on a single 'trick', it would hardly achieve the status it held for hundreds of years. Such argument is especially weak, if one also remembers that flanks of hoplite armies were habitually covered by swarms of peltasts, which according to the author himself, were superior to heavy hoplites! The author tells us that Theban victory at Leuctra was due to Epaminondas finally realizing how to counter Spartan 'one trick pony'-move and using Theban Sacred band to outflank the supposed flankers. He fails however to mention the massive phalanx formation that opposed the Spartans on the right flank in that battle as well as the REAL innovation introduced by Epaminondas - the refused flank maneuver. If angry, irritate him. If equally matched, fight, and if not split and reevaluate". The Art of War. East Asia. Military deception. Denial and deception Disinformation False flag Information warfare Maskirovka Military camouflage Psychological warfare Ruse de guerre. Military dummy Q-ship. World War 2 : Bertram Bodyguard. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file. Download as PDF Printable version. Wikimedia Commons Wikisource. Military art. The Art of War at Wikisource. Syun 1 - zi 2 bing 1 -faat 3. Personnel Military recruitment Conscription Recruit training Military specialism Women in the military Children in the military Transgender people and military service Sexual harassment in the military Conscientious objection Counter recruitment. Logistics Military— industrial complex Arms industry Materiel Supply chain management. Science Power projection Loss of Strength Gradient. Explores the five fundamental factors the Way, seasons, terrain, leadership, and management and seven elements that determine the outcomes of military engagements. By thinking, assessing and comparing these points, a commander can calculate his chances of victory. Habitual deviation from these calculations will ensure failure via improper action. The text stresses that war is a very grave matter for the state and must not be commenced without due consideration. Explains how to understand the economy of warfare and how success requires winning decisive engagements quickly. This section advises that successful military campaigns require limiting the cost of competition and conflict. Defines the source of strength as unity, not size, and discusses the five factors that are needed to succeed in any war. Explains the importance of defending existing positions until a commander is capable of advancing from those positions in safety. It teaches commanders the importance of recognizing strategic opportunities, and teaches not to create opportunities for the enemy. Explains how an army's opportunities come from the openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of the enemy and how to respond to changes in the fluid battlefield over a given area. Explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon the commander. Focuses on the need for flexibility in an army's responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully. Describes the different situations in which an army finds itself as it moves through new enemy territories, and how to respond to these situations.

[PDF] The Art of War in the Western World | Semantic Scholar Based on how the three major operational components of war - tactics, logistics, and strategy - have evolved and changed over time. This monumental work encompasses 2, years of military history, from infantry combat in ancient Greece through the dissolution of the Roman Empire to the Thirty Years' War. Get A Copy. Paperback , pages. Published December 19th by University of Illinois Press first published More Details Original Title. Other Editions 5. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Showing Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Dec 28, Marcus rated it it was ok Shelves: history , history-military. History of two and a half millennia of development of western art of war - obviously a monumental task and a book penned by acomplished historian attempting to tackle this topic must automatically rank very high in the reading list of any student of military history. My personal expectations for this book were very high indeed. Four months after opening it for very first time and after countless occasions on which I had to exert all of my will power to resist the temptation to put it down and ne History of two and a half millennia of development of western art of war - obviously a monumental task and a book penned by acomplished historian attempting to tackle this topic must automatically rank very high in the reading list of any student of military history. Four months after opening it for very first time and after countless occasions on which I had to exert all of my will power to resist the temptation to put it down and never pick it up again, I have finally read its final page and am now left wondering if it was worth my time and effort. I'll be frank straight of the bat and admit that I have literally countless problems with this book and ideas presented in it, but will limit my critique to a couple of fundamental issues. Perhaps the most important one is that I disagree with author's basic approach to the topic and the conclusions he comes to. Author's point of view, at least as far as I understand it, is based on two fundamental assumptions. The first of these defines basic structure of all armed forces throughout years - light infantry, mobile and most often equipped with missile weapons, heavy infantry, purpose of which is shock combat, light cavalry equipped similarly to its infantry equivalent, but with superior mobility and finally heavy cavalry, equivalent to heavy infantry, but once again more mobile and able to deploy more rapidly than its foot equivalent. Jones permanent throughout the ages and work a bit like rock, paper, scissors game. The surprise here is that according to the author, the light infantry and cavalry are the superior weapon systems. The other fundamental assumption of the author concerns the strategies available to the combatants. These are equally simple as troop classifications or in fact simpler, because according to the author there are only two of them - combat-oriented or logistics- oriented. Each of these strategies can be of either persisting or raiding nature and each of resulting combinations can be used in either offensive or defensive manner. Finally, the author asserts few basic, but pretty much immutable rules by which all warfare must obey. Advantage of defense versus offense under precondition that both sides use similar weapon systems and advantage of retreat versus pursuit are perhaps the most important ones, closely followed by necessity of adequate ratio of force relative space if the objectives are to be achieved and finally the logistical constraints. With these basic preconceptions they are naturally a bit more complex, but I hope you get the gist as square one, the author then proceeds with the chronological study of military history of western world and arrives after some pages to a rather surprising conclusion - the more things change, the more they stay the same! In broad strokes, the development of military art of western world has according to professor Jones reached its pinnacle in classical period and with the exception of few major developments, such as increased articulation of military units, effects of socketed bayonet on both the defensive and offensive capabilities of the infantry and disappearance of horse cavalry from the battlefield due to overwhelming firepower of infantry being the most significant ones, the military development in the western world has been pretty much running in circles, chasing its own tail for years. This conclusion will undoubtedly appeal to some readers, but to me it is an incredibly frustrating and unsatisfactory over-simplification. Another major conclusion of the author is perhaps even more perplexing. According to professor Jones, combat-oriented strategies are inferior to the logistic ones, especially if those are based on raiding principles. This proposition is baffling for one simple reason - if there is one characteristic that is typical of western art of war, it is its very atypical aggressive pursuit of decisive battle with the opposing armed force. Ever since the time of classical Greece despite the author's attempts to make a big thing of Spartha's logistical strategy during parts of Peloponnesian War , the goal of military operations of western cultures was predominantly the destruction of the opposing army. This fact is recognized by such prominent historians as John Keegan or Victor Hanson Davis, and in the final pages of this book, albeit obliquely, also by the author himsel. And yet, the inevitable conclusion one has to draw from the analysis presented by this book is that this approach, despite its predominance over two and a half millennium and despite giving the western world global domination in last five centuries, is ineffective and simply wrong. Thus, the reader is presented by something of a paradox - a book making a claim to providing the definition of western warfare is in essence saying that what actually took place throughout all these years was the 'wrong' approach. In comparison with my main objections against the fundamental ideas and conclusions provided by this book, the final problem I'll address in this review may very well be a minor issue. I can't however leave it unmentioned, as it annoyed me beyond all reason throughout this book. A major component of professor Jones analysis consists of a selection of battles and campaigns that in his opinion illustrate his points. Many of these examples come from classical period. I am almost petrified to make this grave statement regarding such an esteemed historian as Archer Jones, but I can't help but question his knowledge about military history of that period. On several occasions I was simply flabbergasted by what I read. For example, the Spartan martial capability is reduced by the author to a 'one trick pony'-level. According to the professor, they used some sort of right-angled approach toward enemy line in an attempt to exploit the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right. Let's disregard the fact that there are no primary sources that describe such a maneuver - true, Spartans always placed themselves on the right flank, but only because it was a place of honor. Let's also discount the fact that the natural drift of phalanx formation to the right was well known by every every general in Greek city-states. It is however impossible to dismiss the purely logical argument that says that if Spartha relied on a single 'trick', it would hardly achieve the status it held for hundreds of years. Such argument is especially weak, if one also remembers that flanks of hoplite armies were habitually covered by swarms of peltasts, which according to the author himself, were superior to heavy hoplites! The author tells us that Theban victory at Leuctra was due to Epaminondas finally realizing how to counter Spartan 'one trick pony'-move and using Theban Sacred band to outflank the supposed flankers. He fails however to mention the massive phalanx formation that opposed the Spartans on the right flank in that battle as well as the REAL innovation introduced by Epaminondas - the refused flank maneuver. Another example of a very odd interpretation of available primary sources in a presentation of a battle can be found in author's analysis of Zama. Here, professor Jones claims that Hannibal intended to outflank the army of Scipio in a copy of maneuver he used at Cannae. How one can arrive to that conclusion is simply beyond my understanding. Not only was Hannibal inferior in cavalry strength due to defection of Masinissa, but his dispositions of infantry suggest no such intentions. If anything, Hannibal's deployment is shockingly unconventional when compared with his other battles and indicates in every respect that he intended to fight a battle of attrition. Leuctra and Zama are but two examples of battles and campaigns that in this book are in my opinion presented in very strange manner. Things are getting better as the book progresses toward medieval period and beyond, but classical examples are used repeatedly throughout the book to prove various points. Since those examples are in my opinion 'malformed' to be begin with, any conclusions based on them sounded hollow to me. Because of the reasons mentioned above, but also for other reasons I won't go into, I found this book a very difficult and frustrating read. While parts of the book are indeed very informative and the analysis provided by the author is at times indeed quite brilliant, the fundamental conclusions to which the he arrives simply don't sound true to me. Having finished it, I had more questions and objections than answers. Mostly however, I felt relieved that I arrived to the end of the book with which I didn't agree and which turned out to be a chore rather than a pleasure to read. Apr 18, Mark rated it really liked it. I was looking for a book that gave a broad view of military tactics across history, and this book delivered. The Art of War has been applied to many fields outside of the military. Much of the text is about how to outsmart one's opponent without actually having to engage in physical battle. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat. Many business books have applied the lessons taken from the book to office politics and corporate business strategy. Many entrepreneurs and corporate executives have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations. The book has also been applied to the field of education. The Art of War has been the subject of legal books [27] and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics and trial strategy. The Art of War has also been applied in sports. National Football League coach Bill Belichick , record holder of the most Super Bowl wins in history, has stated on multiple occasions his admiration for The Art of War. Particularly, one of the fundamental books about e-sports, "Play To Win" by Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate David Sirlin , is actually just an analysis about possible applications of the ideas from The Art of War in modern Electronic Sports. The Art of War and Sun Tzu have been referenced and quoted in various movies and television shows. Melfi suggests to Tony Soprano that he read the book. Later in the episode, a survivor from a long-dead nonhuman empire noted common aspects between his own people's wisdom and The Art of War with regard to knowing when and when not to fight. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Ancient Chinese military treatise by Sun Tzu. For other uses, see The Art of War disambiguation. Seven Military Classics. Other texts. Prehistoric Ancient Post-classical Early modern Late modern industrial fourth-gen. Blitzkrieg Expeditionary Deep operation Maneuver Operational manoeuvre group. Grand strategy. Military recruitment Conscription Recruit training Military specialism Women in the military Children in the military Transgender people and military service Sexual harassment in the military Conscientious objection Counter recruitment. Military—industrial complex Arms industry Materiel Supply chain management. Power projection Loss of Strength Gradient. Court-martial Justice Perfidy Martial law War crime. China portal Philosophy portal War portal Books portal. Special Edition Books. The Illustrated Art of War. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on Retrieved Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. Military History and Professional Development. Government Printing Office, , 5—6, 93— New York:Oxford University Press, The International Journal of Learning. Business Insider. The Sydney Morning Herald. Irish Independent. If angry, irritate him. If equally matched, fight, and if not split and reevaluate". The Art of War. East Asia. Military deception. Denial and deception Disinformation False flag Information warfare Maskirovka Military camouflage Psychological warfare Ruse de guerre. Military dummy Q-ship. World War 2 : Bertram Bodyguard. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. 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