Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

WORD FORMATION PROCESSES IN NAMING MAGICAL CREATURE IN HARRY POTTER NOVELS

Ulfatur Rosyidah English Department, Faculty of Language and Art, State University of Surabaya [email protected]

Lisetyo Ariyanti English Department, Faculty of Language and Art, State University of Surabaya [email protected]

Abstrak

Makhluk ajaib adalah sesuatu yang diyakini untuk menjadi makhluk nyata, tetapi beberapa memiliki bentuk ditelusuri asli mereka dari mitos sastra. Nama dari makhluk ajaib adalah menciptakan kata baru karena nama tersebut diambil dari bahasa lain dan juga menggabungkan beberapa kata yang menghasilkan bentuk kata baru. Pembentukan kata adalah studi linguistik dari pembentukan kata-kata dan kaitannya dengan makna. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori pembentukan kata dari (Katamba, 1995) untuk menganalisa jenis pembentukan kata yang digunakan dalam nama makhluk ajaib dalam novel Harry Potter. Menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan dan menganalisis jenis pembentukan kata yang digunakan dalam nama makhluk ajaib dalam novel Harry Potter. Instrumen utama adalah peneliti sendiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 2 proses pembentukan kata yang digunakan dalam nama makhluk ajaib di novel Harry Potter, yaitu borrowing contoh: Demens (TL) – Dementor (SL) compounding contoh: Acromantula (Acro (n) + mantula (n)).

Kata kunci: Proses Pembentukan-Kata, Penamaan Makhluk Ajaib.

Abstract

Magical creature is something that believed to be real beings, but some have their original traced form of literary myths. Name of magical creature is creating a new word because the name is taking from other languages and also combining some words that are produce a new single form. Word formation is the linguistic study of forming words and its relation with the meaning. This research used theory of word formation process from (Katamba, 1995) to analyze word formation process used in naming magical creature in Harry Potter novels. It used descriptive qualitative method. The data collection was conducted by collecting and analyzing the types of word formation process used in naming magical creature in Harry Potter novels. The main instrument was the researcher herself. The result of this research showed that there are two types of word formation process used in naming magical creature in Harry Potter novel, they are borrowing for example: Demens (TL) – Dementor (SL) and compounding for example: Acromantula (Acro (n) + mantula (n)).

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Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

Keywords: Word-Formation Process, Naming Magical Creature.

the word „childish‟ might be analyzed INTRODUCTION as being composed of the adjective Word is an important part of the child (noun) and the ending ish (suffix). language. Human language in the world So the word becomes an adjective. In is formed by combining words. the term of word formation, the Language is an important thing in a complex words do not need to be human life because by using language formed from roots and affixes. Yule people can be communicate with others (2010: 53-60) stated that there are and also they can express their idea, several types of word formations they concept, and feeling. The goal of are Coinage, borrowing, compounding, language usage is to convey information blending, clipping, backformation, and knowledge that are written in acronyms, affixation, onomatopoeia, English. multiple processes and reduplication. As means of communication, Magical creature (mythical language does not only include spoken creatures) is the legendary creatures that or oral language but also written are believed to be real beings, but some language, so the information and have their original traced form of knowledge are required to be written in literary myths. Magical creatures can be English. Many media are written in divided into two groups; first, creatures English such as textbooks, magazines, whose existence are agreed by reading books, scientific journals, everybody and still exist today that can business documents, literary works, etc. be found in the literary works. Second, To be spoken or written, language has creatures whose existence is not its own way to be produced. The believed by everybody, that consists of process is called word formation. In the more unreliable sources such as fairy daily use, language has wide rage in its tale. usage. One of the examples is in the There are many kinds of names literary works. In the literary works, e.g. created in the name of something (name novel there are many new words of person or creature). The authors created. The new words are usually usually uses specific name of person or created by using the name of something thing (creature) to make easier the (name of person or creature). readers to understand the name. The According to Bauer (1983: 12- names are usually created taken from 13) word formation is the formation of another language or the same language the words. Some words are combining that have been combined into a single the smaller elements to produce a new form. Novels that are many new words word that has complex meaning. It is are Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling. known as complex word. According to The researcher is interested in Katamba (1994: 6), gives the example, doing research about word formation

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Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

processes in naming magical creatures compounding. Borrowing is the word in Harry Potter because in Harry Potter that taking over from other languages. It novels there are many magical may be adapted to borrow language‟s creatures. The name of magical phonological system to varying degree. creatures is produced by combining and Borrowing involves taking lexical items creating new words. To answer the for one language to other languages. research question, the theory about Compounding is the process of joining word formation process by Katamba of two or more words to produce a new (1995) is used. word. The result is considered as a new listeme and the meaning cannot be METHOD predicted from its part. In this study, the researcher used In borrowing process there is the descriptive qualitative method to some source language that used in analyze the data. Thus, descriptive naming magical creature in Harry method was used in order to describe Potter novels. They are Latin, Greek word formation processes in the name Mythology, Ancient Mythology, Roman of magical creatures in Harry Potter Mythology, English, Celtic, Scottish, novels. This study focused on exploring German, Britain & Ireland, Ireland & the special word (the name of creature) Scotland, and Folklore. Katamba (1995: related to word formation process, in 133) stated that borrowing is divided which create a new word. The data used into two, they are direct borrowing and in this study are in form of word. indirect borrowing. Direct borrowing Meanwhile, the source of the data was happens when the word takes directly taken from names of magical creatures from other language. Indirect in Harry Potter novels. borrowing happens when a language In this study, the researcher was takes a word indirectly like take a word the main instrument to collect the data. from one language to another, and to In collecting the data the researcher another. And others name in magical used internet access as the main tool. It creatures are mostly called direct is the effective media to find and borrowing. observe the name of magical creatures in Harry Potter. Besides, pen and paper Table 1 were used to note the data that had been No. Target Source Process found. The data analysis technique was 1. Augurey Augury Insert the done in three steps: 1. Identifying the letter “e” data; 2. Analyzing the data; 3. Drawing between “r” and verifying conclusion. and “y”

RESULT AND DISCUSSION Word formation process that are found in naming magical creature in Harry Potter novels are borrowing and

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Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

2. Dementor Dėmėns Substituting order to form a new lexical item. The the letter processes of compound names that are “s” into “t” combining two bases word are showed and Adding below. the letter “o” and “r” And Table 2 The sound N Compound Process /z/ o Name Base 1 Base 2 1. Acromantul Acro Mantula substituted a to the sound 2. Ashwinder Ash Winder /t/ and 3. Cockatrice Cock Atrice added the (crocodile sound /ɔ/ ) and /r/ 4. Dugbog Dug Bog 5. Forest Troll Forest Troll 3. Ramora Remora The letter 6. Flying Flying Seahorse “e” Seahorse substituted 7. Giant Squid Giant Squid to the letter 8. Glumbumbl Glum Bumble “a” e And 9. Golden Golden Snidget Snidget (Snitch) The sound 10 Graphorn Graph Horn /ɪ/ . substituted 11 Hippocamp Hippos Campus to the sound . us (Kampos) /ӕ/ 12 Hippogriff Hippos Griffin . 4. Shrake Hake Adding the 13 House Elf House Elf letter “s” . and “r” 14 Jobberknoll Jobber Knoll And . The sound 15 Lethifold Lethum Fold /h/ . (letum) 16 Mooncalf Moon Calf substituted . to the sound 17 Mountain Mountai Troll /ʃ/ and . Troll n adding the 18 Puffskein Puff Skein sound /ə/ . and /r/ 19 Pygmy Puff Pygmy Puff . 20 Quintaped Quint Ped In the compounding process, the . process of compound names in naming 21 Red Cap Red Cap . magical creature in Harry Potter novels 22 River Troll River Troll is combining two and three different . bases word. As Katamba (1995: 49) 23 Sea Serpent Sea Serpent . explained that compound is word 24 Werewolf Were Wolf formed by combining two base words . (Wer) that could be words in their own right in 25 Winged Winged Horse

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Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

. Horse word also found hypen symbol (-). It is used to separate the first and second This compounding process base word. As Katamba (1995: 50) formed by two bases word, there are stated that did not clearly define in what four types of compound word. The first type of compound word it is used. But is adjective-noun compound found in he has many examples of compound name Acromantula, Glumbumble, words with hypen. Golden Snidget, Red Cap, and Winged horse. The second is noun-noun CONCLUSION compound found in name Ashwinder, After analyzing the data, the Cockatrice, Forest Troll, Giant Squid, writer concludes several things. There Graphorn, Hippocampus, Hippogriff, are two strategies or processes of word House Elf, Jobberknoll, Lethifold, formation process are used in naming Mooncalf, Mountain Troll, Puffskein, magical creatures in Harry Potter Pygmy Puff, Quintaped, River Troll, Novels. They are borrowing and Sea Serpent, and Werewolf. The third is compounding. Meanwhile, there are verb-noun compound found in name some element of words are changed in Flying Seahorse. The fourth is order to make unique and easy preposition-noun compound found in remembered name. name Dugbog. In the borrowing process, the writer found 23 data to be analyzed. The Table 3 formation process of borrow names in Process N Compoun naming magical creature in Harry Base Base 2 Base o d Name 1 3 Potter novels are mostly borrow from 1. Blast- Blast Ended Skrew the mythology and folklore in other Ended t languages. Also, there are Skrewt 2. Flesh- Fles Eating Slug morphological changes that found in the Eating h name of borrowing process. They are Slug Augurey, Basilisk, Bicorn, Boggart, 3. Three- Thre Heade Dog Headed e d Centaur, Dwarf, Kelpie, Plimpy, Dog Ramora, Abraxan. Aethonan, Granian, Banshee, Hag, and Poltergeist. It is also In the compound name formed called indirect borrowing. by three bases word, there are three In the compounding process, the types of compound word. The first is writer found 28 data to be analyzed. The noun-noun-noun compound found in formation process of compound names name Blast-Ended Skrewt. The second in the name of magical creatures in is noun-verb-noun compound found Harry Potter novels is combining two in name Flesh-Eating Slug. The third is different base words that found in name pronoun-noun-noun compound found Acromantula, Ashwinder, Bowtruckle, in name Three-Headed Dog. In the Chizpurfle, Cockatrice, Dugbog, Forest compound name formed by three bases Troll, Flying Seahorse, Giant Squid,

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Word Formation Processes in Naming Magical Creature in Harry Potter Novels

Glumbumble, Golden Snidnet, Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, and Sari Graphorn, Hippocampus, Hippogriff, Knopp. (1982). Qualitative House Elf, Jobberknoll, Lethifold, Research for Education: an Mooncalf, Mountain Troll, Puffskein, Introduction to Theory and Pygmy Puff, Quintaped, Red Cap, River Methods. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Troll, Sea Serpent, Werewolf, and Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew. (2002). Winged Horse. Also, the formation An Introduction to English process of compound names in the Morphology: Words and Their name of magical creatures in Harry Structure. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Potter novels is combining three University Press. different base words that found in name Fromkin, V., R. Rodman and N. Blast-Ended Skwert, Flesh-Eating Slug, Hyams. (2011). An Introduction to and Three-Headed Dog. Besides, there Language 9th ed. Boston: are seven types of compound words Wadsworth. found in the name of magical creatures. Katamba, Francis. (1995). English The first is adjective-noun compound Words. New York: Routledge. found in name Acromantula, Yule, Goerge. (2010). The study of Glumbumble, Golden Snidget, Red Cap, Language (4th ed). New York: and Winged horse. The second is noun- Cambridge University Press. noun compound found in name Ashwinder, Cockatrice, Forest Troll, Giant Squid, Graphorn, Hippocampus, Hippogriff, House Elf, Jobberknoll, Lethifold, Mooncalf, Mountain Troll, Puffskein, Pygmy Puff, Quintaped, River Troll, Sea Serpent, and Werewolf. The third is verb-noun compound found in name Flying Seahorse. The fourth is preposition-noun compound found in name Dugbog. The fifth is noun-noun-noun compound found in name Blast-Ended Skrwet. The sixth is noun-verb-noun compound found in name Flesh-Eating Slug. The seventh is pronoun-noun-noun compound found in name Three-Headed Dog. Those are creating in forming a noun.

REFERENCES Bauer, Laurie. (1983). English Word Formation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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