DOCSLIB.ORG

Let's Talk Pipelines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Let's Talk Pipelines LET’S TALK PIPELINES REAL CONVERSATIONS ABOUT CANADA’S ENERGY INDUSTRY CEPA I 1 Valerie Roy is the WHAT HAPPENS CEO of the Atlantic WHEN THESE Hydroelectricity Chamber of Commerce IMPORTANT and a member of CONVERSATIONS 2006/2015: CEPA’s External DON’T HAPPEN? Advisory Panel (EAP). When there isn’t As an EAP member, consultation, what we 25.3/26.3% she listens to what have is we have ‘no.’ people in her area We don’t have ‘maybe,’ think about pipeline we don’t have ‘let’s Coal projects and shares work together and insights with the collaborate to address 2006/2015: pipeline industry. the issue,’ people just say no. And if there’s too much opposition, 9.6/6.0% Q&A WITH the government WHAT DOES will eventually just Nuclear VALERIE say no as well. ROY: Pipelines are important 2006/2015: OUR ENERGY to the Canadian WHAT ARE YOU economy as trade- HEARING FROM enabling infrastructure; 6.4/7.2% FUTURE PEOPLE IN we need them to get YOUR AREA? our resources to new markets, but we Natural Gas LOOK LIKE? The pipeline industry need to ensure all is not trusted; voices are heard in the 2006/2015: DISCUSSING THE ROLE OF people are concerned consultative process. TRANSMISSION PIPELINES IN CANADA about spills and the environment, and DO YOU FEEL THE 27.2/27.9% particularly in our INDUSTRY TRYING region – water TO IMPROVE? resources. They The industry wants Oil don’t know who is to be ahead of responsible and 2006/2015: regulations, and the who will pay when CEPA Integrity First things go wrong. program will help the industry to raise the 30.8/30.4% WHAT SHOULD bar on their operations, THE INDUSTRY collectively. It’s about DO ABOUT THESE Renewables focusing on the areas CONCERNS? There’s a lot of talk about transmission pipelines, people are concerned 2006/2015: It comes down to about as well as some but what’s actually true? And what should we believe? communication, very they might not be early on – ‘what are thinking about – such Most of us have a lot of unanswered questions, the facts regarding 0.7/2.2% as worker safety. A this industry?’ [Many] successful Integrity Source: BP Statistical as well as some pretty strong opinions. people don’t know First program will go Review of World Energy the facts – they might a long way in helping – June 2016 see a headline in to gain trust and social the newspaper, but license for pipeline OUR CHANGING Pipelines are part of a complex, emotional firmly entrenched in the energy infrastructure the general public operators. CONSUMPTION – and consumption habits – of the past. isn’t in the [pipeline] issue that stems in large part from our HABITS business, so they level of comfort with fossil fuels HOW COULD SO, HOW DO WE MOVE FORWARD? really don’t have all THE INDUSTRY “We’re in a transition Canada’s energy altogether. We’ve seen the damage that the information. IMPROVE ITS consumption has can result when things go wrong. And we While there may be many possible changed over the The industry needs RELATIONSHIP period where we worry about the impact these resources solutions out there, each must be carefully years but we’re clearly to explain what it WITH CANADIANS? considered and take into account all need all types of still firmly entrenched have on our planet, our communities and means when they say Relationships are in the energy our children’s futures. perspectives and voices. they’re going to build about people, and energy to be working infrastructure – and On one hand, we recognize the need for That’s where this book, the pipeline a pipeline – where sometimes there’s a consumption habits oil and gas products to sustain the lifestyles industry, and you come in – we need to is it going to go, role for information for us to make the – of the past. what are the safety pieces, a role for social we have, and understand that they are a big know where we stand today and how we are factors during media. But at the end economy go and part of our economy. But on the other hand, making improvements for the future. We are construction? And of the day you can’t we’re deeply concerned about the safety of all an important part of the conversation. once the pipeline beat face-to-face. to provide the our communities and our environment. is constructed, what I think people need to For many, a move to renewable energy are the ongoing become more familiar energy we need as safety factors, with the faces behind sources can’t come soon enough, yet we’re monitoring, emergency the industry and a population.” preparedness, etc? hopefully that will VALERIE ROY CEO of the Atlantic Chamber lead to a greater level of Commerce, located in Moncton, New This symbol lets you know where you can find more information about a specific topic. And you of trust. Brunswick, and a member of CEPA’s External can always visit www.aboutpipelines.com to learn more about the transmission pipeline industry. Advisory Panel. 2 I Speaking to Canadians About Pipelines CEPA I 3 THE PIPELINE LIFECYCLE Pipelines are regulated throughout 4 START their entire life to OPERATION AND IT’S THE ensure that people, MAINTENANCE BUT communities and MONITORING the environment 24/7 IS VITAL are protected. NEW Once the pipeline is HOW SAFE operational, it’s 1 monitored via 24/7 1 PLANNING remote monitoring MILLENNIUM. PLANNING ARE PIPELINES, and control systems, IT TAKES A drones and inline MULTI-DISCIPLINARY inspection tools. TEAM DO WE Pipelines are regularly REALLY? Engineers, inspected and TAKING A CLOSER LOOK AT environmental maintained – both SAFETY MEASURES ACTUALLY NEED consultants and other inside and outside. experts collaborate Operators have on a comprehensive specific emergency PIPELINES project plan, response plans in 2 APPLICATION evaluating a variety place to ensure they of safety, are ready to respond environmental and to an incident. They ANYMORE? technical factors. also have public Planning can awareness programs GETTING THE ENERGY TO MEET take years. to prevent third-party OUR DAILY NEEDS damage to pipelines 2 from construction or agricultural activities. APPLICATION IT’S A RIGOROUS PROCESS 5 3 CONSTRUCTION Safety is the focus at every stage of the pipeline Operators must go RETIREMENT through a rigorous PIPELINE SAFETY lifecycle - pipelines are designed, built and operated regulatory approval NEVER STOPS process, including Pipeline companies to be safe, reliable and sustainable. We live in a huge, northern country with lots approval of the must ensure their pipeline route. They operations remain safe of remote places, and the typical Canadian lifestyle also get input from for the public and the landowners and other environment, even if a While its safety record is excellent, Even with all of these safety uses up a lot of energy. stakeholders. pipeline isn’t being the transmission pipeline industry improvements, incidents do happen. And used anymore. recognizes it can always make while they’re rare and have little impact 4 OPERATION 3 Operators follow AND MAINTENANCE procedures from the improvements to its operations. – on average only five litres of oil and Even as our thinking and habits become CONSTRUCTION applicable regulator to That’s why members of the Canadian gas were spilled per 1,000,000 litres THERE’S MORE TO IT remove a pipeline Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) are transported since 2002 – they’re all more focused on reducing our energy THAN WELDING demands by becoming more efficient, from service. The focused on improving industry performance responded to and taken seriously, If the pipeline receives regulator will assess and meeting stringent regulations. as the industry works toward a record making the transition to cleaner energy regulatory approval whether it is best to sources takes time. More than half of our 2/3+ With a 99.999% incident-free record, of zero incidents. and land agreements leave the pipeline in homes are heated with natural gas, and More than and other permits place or remove it pipelines are Canada’s safest means nearly all of our transportation energy are put in place, from the ground. of transporting energy. comes from refined petroleum products. two-thirds construction begins. Even when retired, But even 99.999% isn’t good enough. Operators take care to the pipeline will be Many of the products we use daily – 5 RETIREMENT The industry is constantly working to preserve vegetation, continually monitored of Canada’s improve pipeline safety, with advancements For CEPA plastics, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and protect waterways, and by the pipeline lubricants – also come from petroleum. energy demand construct the pipeline operator. in science and technology translating into members, While we may still rely on fossil fuels for to be strong and safe, better pipeline design, construction some time, what we can control now is how is met by while ensuring all and durability. a 99.999% we safely transport them from place to place. codes and regulations This includes special pipeline coatings natural gas are adhered to. After incident-free Did you know that pipelines are the for preventing corrosion (a key cause of construction, operators END safest, most efficient method of transporting or products return the land to a spills), monitoring technology that detects record energy products? condition as close weakening metal within pipes and remote made from to pre-construction monitoring and control systems that alert is not good crude oil. as possible. technicians to issues, 24/7/365. enough. CEPA I 5 CAN WE USE ROAD AND RAIL TRANSPORTATION INSTEAD? CONSIDERING THE ALTERNATIVES Canada is vast, and we must ship energy across long distances to reach the people who need it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Regulation of Access to Oil Pipelines 777
    REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES 777 THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD: REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES JENNIFER HOCKING* In the past few years, a number of long-distance oil pipelines have been proposed in Canada — Northern Gateway, the Trans Mountain Expansion, Keystone, and the Energy East Project. This article describes the criteria used by the National Energy Board in approving the allocation of capacity in oil pipelines to firm service contracts while requiring that a reasonable percentage of capacity is allocated for uncommitted volumes (common carriage). It explains the economic theory related to regulation of access to major oil pipelines. It reviews and analyzes relevant NEB decisions, which show that the NEB supports well- functioning competitive markets, but will exercise its discretion to resolve complaints where markets are not functioning properly. The article also explains the economic significance of the proposed long-distance oil pipelines to Canada and Alberta despite the current low price of crude oil. The article concludes with recommendations for a written NEB policy regarding access to capacity in oil pipelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED OIL PIPELINES TO THE CANADIAN ECONOMY ................................. 778 A. PIPELINES NEEDED DESPITE LOW PRICE OF OIL ............... 780 B. SHIPPING OF OIL BY RAIL ................................ 781 II. OIL PIPELINES AS COMMON CARRIERS ........................... 781 A. THE NATURE OF COMMON CARRIERS ....................... 781 B. COMMON CARRIAGE OBLIGATION SUBJECT TO REASONABLENESS TEST ............................... 783 C. WHY WERE OIL PIPELINES ORIGINALLY DESIGNATED AS COMMON CARRIERS? ................................. 784 III. MAJOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINES TODAY ................... 785 A. ENBRIDGE PIPELINES .................................... 786 B. TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE .............................. 787 C. SPECTRA ENERGY EXPRESS-PLATTE .......................
    [Show full text]
  • ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS the Facts About Pipelines
    ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS THE facts ABOUT PIPELINES This fact book is designed to provide easy access to information about the transmission pipeline industry in Canada. The facts are developed using CEPA member data or sourced from third parties. For more information about pipelines visit aboutpipelines.com. An electronic version of this fact book is available at aboutpipelines.com, and printed copies can be obtained by contacting [email protected]. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) CEPA’s members represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies transport around who operate more than 115,000 kilometres of 97 per cent of pipeline in Canada. CEPA’s mission is to enhance Canada’s daily the operating excellence, business environment and natural gas and recognized responsibility of the Canadian energy transmission pipeline industry through leadership and onshore crude credible engagement between member companies, oil production. governments, the public and stakeholders. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Canada’s Pipeline Network .................................1 2. Pipeline Design and Standards .........................6 3. Safety and the Environment ..............................7 4. The Regulatory Landscape ...............................11 5. Fuelling Strong Economic ................................13 and Community Growth 6. The Future of Canada’s Pipelines ................13 Unless otherwise indicated, all photos used in this fact book are courtesy of CEPA member companies. CANADA’S PIPELINE % of the energy used for NETWORK transportation in Canada comes 94 from petroleum products. The Importance of • More than half the homes in Canada are Canada’s Pipelines heated by furnaces that burn natural gas. • Many pharmaceuticals, chemicals, oils, Oil and gas products are an important part lubricants and plastics incorporate of our daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES in CANADA Oil Pipeline Incidents, Accidents and Spills and the Ongoing Failure to Protect the Public
    OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA Oil pipeline incidents, accidents and spills and the ongoing failure to protect the public June 2018 OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 2 Équiterre 50 Ste-Catherine Street West, suite 340 Montreal, Quebec H2X 3V4 75 Albert Street, suite 305 Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 © 2018 Équiterre By Shelley Kath, for Équiterre OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 3 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 A. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 B. Keeping Track of Pipeline Problems: The Agencies and Datasets ..................................................................10 C. Québec’s Four Oil Pipelines and their Track Records .........................................................................................15 D. Pipeline Safety Enforcement Tools and the Effectiveness Gap .......................................................................31 E. Conclusion and Recommendations .........................................................................................................................35 Appendix A .........................................................................................................................................................................37 OIL PIPELINE
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada's Energy Transmission
    Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines A Special Report Prepared for the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association By Angevine Economic Consulting Ltd. April 2016 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Results of I-O Model Simulations A. Impacts from operation of crude oil, natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products transmission pipelines ................................................................................. 1 B. Impacts from operation of natural gas transmission pipelines ................................... 4 C. Impacts from operation of all transmission pipelines………………………………….. 6 D. Impacts of two proposed pipelines ……………………………………………...............7 E. Impact summary……………………………………………………………………….….10 Detailed Methodology…………………………………………………………………….…11 Energy Pipelines Included in the Analysis……………………………………………...12 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Introduction This report summarizes key findings obtained from using the current (2010) version of the Statistics Canada Interregional Input/Output (I-O) Model to estimate the economic impacts from operation of the energy transmission pipelines currently operating in Canada as well as from two proposed but not yet approved
    [Show full text]
  • Energy East Pipeline Project
    WhenEnergy the pipeline East: spills... Previous ruptures along TransCanada’s Mainline – part of the planned Energy East pipeline project. Photos by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Cover photos Pipeline Investigation Report P09H0074 Top left: Aerial Photo of the Englehart Occurrence Site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0074/p09h0074.aspPipeline Investigation Report P11H0011 Top right: Downstream line-break section of Line 100-2, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2011/p11h0011/p11h0011.aspPipeline Investigation Report P09H0083 Bottom: Aerial photo of the Marten River occurrence site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0083/p09h0083.aspEnergy East: When the pipeline spills... is published under the Creative Commons licence Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0. Images used within this document remain copyrighted by their respective owners except where specifically indicated. Energy East: When the pipeline spills... TransCanada’s Energy East pipeline project would convertIt would an up be to the40-year-old largest oil natural pipeline gas inpipeline North to America, carry crude oil from Saskatchewan to Ontario, connecting it with new pipeline through Quebec and on to Saint John, New Brunswick. transporting 1.1 million barrelsif of oil every day. when where how much When it comes to pipelines, it is not a matter of a pipeline spills, it is a matter of , and it spills. NL AB SK MB Edmonton Hardisty Regina ON QC PE Winnipeg Thunder Bay Quebec City NB Montreal NS North Bay Saint John Ottawa Selective memory: TransCanada’s safety record.
    [Show full text]
  • Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: a Report to Ministers
    Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Aussi disponible en français sous le titre: La sûreté et la sécurité des pipelines au Canada : rapport aux ministres ISBN 978-1-100-24528-7 (Online) Cat No. M134-34/2014E-PDF Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Context and Methodology ......................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 Survey Results and Analysis ....................................................................................... 6 I) Prevention .........................................................................................................................................................7 Safety Culture and Standards ............................................................................................................................7 Maintenance, Testing, Inspections and Audits .................................................................................................9 Spill Data ...........................................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: a Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies Master of Public Policy Capstone Projects 2013-09 The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes Mirkovic, Natasha Mirkovic, Natasha. (2013). The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes ( Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/51621 report Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca MASTER OF PUBLIC POLICY CAPSTONE PROJECT The Northern Gateway and Keystone XL Pipelines: A Framework for Analyzing Interjurisdictional Pipeline Disputes Submitted by: Natasha Mirkovic Approved by Supervisor: Dr. Jack Mintz Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of PPOL 623 and completion of the requirements for the Master of Public Policy degree Capstone Executive Summary The purpose of this capstone report is to establish a framework for analyzing interjurisdictional pipeline disputes. This is an important issue to examine because pipeline transportation has become of key importance in the oil and gas industry, given its cost-effectiveness and ability to reach difficult to access, unconventional sources of oil. However, when pipelines cross multiple jurisdictions disputes may arise, and these disputes may be of an economic, legal or political nature. This report sets up the framework by using the Northern Gateway pipeline and Keystone XL pipeline disputes as examples. The economic importance of both projects is discussed, followed by discussion on how feasible it is to substitute the pipeline projects with alternative means of transportation. It becomes evident that the economics of pipelines boils down to netbacks, which is essentially revenue going to producers minus all costs associated with getting a barrel of oil to market.
    [Show full text]
  • Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments
    Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments Updated April 1, 2015 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R43787 Keystone XL Pipeline: Overview and Recent Developments Summary TransCanada’s proposed Keystone XL Pipeline would transport oil sands crude from Canada and shale oil produced in North Dakota and Montana to a market hub in Nebraska for further delivery to Gulf Coast refineries. The pipeline would consist of 875 miles of 36-inch pipe with the capacity to transport 830,000 barrels per day. Because it would cross the Canadian-U.S. border, Keystone XL requires a Presidential Permit from the State Department based on a determination that the pipeline would “serve the national interest.” To make its national interest determination (NID), the department considers potential effects on energy security; environmental and cultural resources; the economy; foreign policy, and other factors. Effects on environmental and cultural resources are determined by preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). The NID process also provides for public comment and requires the State Department to consult with specific federal agencies. TransCanada originally applied for a Presidential Permit for the Keystone XL Pipeline in 2008. Since then various issues have affected the completion of both the NEPA and NID processes for the project. In particular, during the NID process for the 2008 application, concerns over environmental impacts in the Sand Hills of Nebraska led the state to enact new requirements that would change the pipeline route. Facing a 60-day decision deadline imposed by Congress, the State Department denied the 2008 permit application on the grounds that it lacked information about the new Nebraska route.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission Pipelines in Canada PHILIPPE REICHER, VICE-PRESIDENT, EXTERNAL RELATIONS 29 JANUARY 2015
    Transmission Pipelines in Canada PHILIPPE REICHER, VICE-PRESIDENT, EXTERNAL RELATIONS 29 JANUARY 2015 aboutpipelines.com Who is CEPA? The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies who operate about 130,000 kilometres of pipeline in Canada and the United States. VISION MISSION A safe, socially and Continually enhance the operating excellence, business environmentally environment and recognized responsibility of the Canadian sustainable energy pipeline energy transmission pipeline industry through leadership industry for Canadians. and credible engagement between member companies, governments, the public and stakeholders. aboutpipelines.com CEPA members • Access Pipeline Inc. • Alliance Pipeline Ltd. • ATCO Pipelines • Enbridge Pipelines Inc. • Inter Pipeline Ltd. • Kinder Morgan Canada • Pembina Pipeline Corporation • Plains Midstream Canada • Spectra Energy • TransCanada PipeLines Limited • TransGas Limited • Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc. aboutpipelines.com Pipeline industry vitals 60 97% Over 60 years in Highly regulated Transports 97% of the natural Canada industry gas and onshore crude oil produced in Canada ~130,000km ~130,000 kilometres of Safe and pipeline in Canada and environmentally sound the U.S. aboutpipelines.com Liquids pipelines Canadian Crude Oil Facts . Production: 3.5 million barrels/day . Exports: 2.6 million barrels/day . Value of Exports: $75 billion 2013 data legend CEPA member pipelines proposed pipelines non-member pipelines sedimentary basin aboutpipelines.com
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Crude Oil Transportation Comparing the Safety of Pipelines and Railways
    Canadian Crude Oil Transportation Comparing the Safety of Pipelines and Railways 12 July 2019 Prepared for: The Railway Association of Canada Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 II. Canadian Production and Transport of Crude Oil ....................................................... 3 III. Evaluating Safety Metrics for Oil Transportation ........................................................ 5 A. Incident Rate ........................................................................................................ 5 B. Spill Rate .............................................................................................................. 7 C. Rail Transport of Dangerous Goods .................................................................... 9 IV. Recent Regulatory and Safety Improvements ......................................................... 11 Oliver Wyman 1 I. Introduction Canadian crude oil and related products are transported primarily by pipelines and railways. As rail has become a standard for transporting crude oil that exceeds pipeline capacity over the past half-dozen years, some industry analysts have raised questions about the “relative safety” of different modes of transport for crude oil. Some of these analyses have presented an incomplete picture, leading to unwarranted conclusions about the overall safety of one mode compared to another. This paper was originally published in October 2015 to provide a balanced
    [Show full text]
  • Trans Mountain Expansion Project – Final Report
    TRANS MOUNTAIN EXPANSION PROJECT -FINAL REPORT- PREPARED FOR: NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA PREPARED BY: NIELSEN, DELANEY + ASSOCIATES AND PUBLIVATE NOVEMBER 1, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................ 1 Background ................................................................................................ 1 Methodology ............................................................................................. 1 Key Findings ............................................................................................... 2 Snapshot of Participants ................................................................................ 3 General Overview .......................................................................................... 5 Background ................................................................................................ 5 Methodology ............................................................................................. 5 Reporting Notes ......................................................................................... 7 Detailed Findings ........................................................................................... 8 Views on the TMX project ........................................................................... 8 Views about potential impacts that were not addressed in the NEB review process or the ECCC’s assessment of upstream greenhouse gases ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Enbridge Liquids Spills in Canada and United States
    ALERT et al Response Page 5 C. Spill Data This section provides support for our Asks. Table 1 summarizes the Enbridge spill history in the US and Canada from 1996 through 2014 of well over 1000 spills and approaching one billion gallons. A partial list of major spills follows Table 1 illustrating a track record of pervasive, systemic environmental and safety issues. The data in Table 1 and the accompanying partial list support our charges of repeated willful, reckless behavior, negligence, and gross negligence on the part of Enbridge. Enbridge Liquids Spills in Canada and United States Year Number Quantity Quantity of Spills in Barrels in US Gallons 1996 49 13,698 575,316 1997 47 19,853 833,826 1998 39 9,830 412,860 1999 54 28,760 1,207,920 2000 48 7,513 315,546 2001 33 25,980 1,091,160 2002 48 14,683 616,686 2003 62 6,410 269,220 2004 69 3,252 136,584 2005 70 9,825 412,650 2006 61 5,663 237,846 2007 65 13,777 578,634 2008 80 2,682 112,644 2009 103 8,441 354,522 2010 91 34,258 1,438,836 2011 58 2,284 95,928 2012 85 10,224 429,408 2013 114 4,298 180,516 2014 100 2,943 123,606 Total 1,276 224,374 9,423,708 Data compiled from Enbridge websites Archived data available on request ALERT et al Response Page 6 Enbridge Major Spills 2000 - 2014 2000: A spill of 1,500 barrels of crude oil Near Innes, Saskatchewan on the Enbridge (Saskatchewan) System.
    [Show full text]