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Regulation of Access to Oil Pipelines 777
REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES 777 THE NATIONAL ENERGY BOARD: REGULATION OF ACCESS TO OIL PIPELINES JENNIFER HOCKING* In the past few years, a number of long-distance oil pipelines have been proposed in Canada — Northern Gateway, the Trans Mountain Expansion, Keystone, and the Energy East Project. This article describes the criteria used by the National Energy Board in approving the allocation of capacity in oil pipelines to firm service contracts while requiring that a reasonable percentage of capacity is allocated for uncommitted volumes (common carriage). It explains the economic theory related to regulation of access to major oil pipelines. It reviews and analyzes relevant NEB decisions, which show that the NEB supports well- functioning competitive markets, but will exercise its discretion to resolve complaints where markets are not functioning properly. The article also explains the economic significance of the proposed long-distance oil pipelines to Canada and Alberta despite the current low price of crude oil. The article concludes with recommendations for a written NEB policy regarding access to capacity in oil pipelines. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED OIL PIPELINES TO THE CANADIAN ECONOMY ................................. 778 A. PIPELINES NEEDED DESPITE LOW PRICE OF OIL ............... 780 B. SHIPPING OF OIL BY RAIL ................................ 781 II. OIL PIPELINES AS COMMON CARRIERS ........................... 781 A. THE NATURE OF COMMON CARRIERS ....................... 781 B. COMMON CARRIAGE OBLIGATION SUBJECT TO REASONABLENESS TEST ............................... 783 C. WHY WERE OIL PIPELINES ORIGINALLY DESIGNATED AS COMMON CARRIERS? ................................. 784 III. MAJOR LONG-DISTANCE OIL PIPELINES TODAY ................... 785 A. ENBRIDGE PIPELINES .................................... 786 B. TRANS MOUNTAIN PIPELINE .............................. 787 C. SPECTRA ENERGY EXPRESS-PLATTE ....................... -
ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS the Facts About Pipelines
ABOUT PIPELINES OUR ENERGY CONNECTIONS THE facts ABOUT PIPELINES This fact book is designed to provide easy access to information about the transmission pipeline industry in Canada. The facts are developed using CEPA member data or sourced from third parties. For more information about pipelines visit aboutpipelines.com. An electronic version of this fact book is available at aboutpipelines.com, and printed copies can be obtained by contacting [email protected]. The Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) CEPA’s members represents Canada’s transmission pipeline companies transport around who operate more than 115,000 kilometres of 97 per cent of pipeline in Canada. CEPA’s mission is to enhance Canada’s daily the operating excellence, business environment and natural gas and recognized responsibility of the Canadian energy transmission pipeline industry through leadership and onshore crude credible engagement between member companies, oil production. governments, the public and stakeholders. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Canada’s Pipeline Network .................................1 2. Pipeline Design and Standards .........................6 3. Safety and the Environment ..............................7 4. The Regulatory Landscape ...............................11 5. Fuelling Strong Economic ................................13 and Community Growth 6. The Future of Canada’s Pipelines ................13 Unless otherwise indicated, all photos used in this fact book are courtesy of CEPA member companies. CANADA’S PIPELINE % of the energy used for NETWORK transportation in Canada comes 94 from petroleum products. The Importance of • More than half the homes in Canada are Canada’s Pipelines heated by furnaces that burn natural gas. • Many pharmaceuticals, chemicals, oils, Oil and gas products are an important part lubricants and plastics incorporate of our daily lives. -
OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES in CANADA Oil Pipeline Incidents, Accidents and Spills and the Ongoing Failure to Protect the Public
OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA Oil pipeline incidents, accidents and spills and the ongoing failure to protect the public June 2018 OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 2 Équiterre 50 Ste-Catherine Street West, suite 340 Montreal, Quebec H2X 3V4 75 Albert Street, suite 305 Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 © 2018 Équiterre By Shelley Kath, for Équiterre OIL PIPELINE SAFETY FAILURES IN CANADA | Équiterre 3 TABLE DES MATIÈRES Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 A. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 B. Keeping Track of Pipeline Problems: The Agencies and Datasets ..................................................................10 C. Québec’s Four Oil Pipelines and their Track Records .........................................................................................15 D. Pipeline Safety Enforcement Tools and the Effectiveness Gap .......................................................................31 E. Conclusion and Recommendations .........................................................................................................................35 Appendix A .........................................................................................................................................................................37 OIL PIPELINE -
BEAR HEAD LNG CORPORATION and ) BEAR HEAD LNG (USA), LLC ) FE DOCKET NO
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY _______________________________________ ) BEAR HEAD LNG CORPORATION and ) BEAR HEAD LNG (USA), LLC ) FE DOCKET NO. 15-33-LNG _______________________________________ ) OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING LONG-TERM, MULTI-CONTRACT AUTHORIZATION TO EXPORT U.S.-SOURCED NATURAL GAS BY PIPELINE TO CANADA FOR LIQUEFACTION AND RE-EXPORT IN THE FORM OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TO NON-FREE TRADE AGREEMENT COUNTRIES DOE/FE ORDER NO. 3770 FEBRUARY 5, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................ 11 III. PUBLIC INTEREST STANDARD .................................................................................... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF REQUEST .......................................................................................... 14 A. Description of Applicants ............................................................................................. 14 B. Liquefaction Project ...................................................................................................... 15 C. M&N Pipeline ............................................................................................................... 16 D. Procedural History ........................................................................................................ 18 E. Source of Natural Gas .................................................................................................. -
Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada's Energy Transmission
Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines A Special Report Prepared for the Canadian Energy Pipeline Association By Angevine Economic Consulting Ltd. April 2016 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 Results of I-O Model Simulations A. Impacts from operation of crude oil, natural gas liquids and refined petroleum products transmission pipelines ................................................................................. 1 B. Impacts from operation of natural gas transmission pipelines ................................... 4 C. Impacts from operation of all transmission pipelines………………………………….. 6 D. Impacts of two proposed pipelines ……………………………………………...............7 E. Impact summary……………………………………………………………………….….10 Detailed Methodology…………………………………………………………………….…11 Energy Pipelines Included in the Analysis……………………………………………...12 The Economic Impacts from Operation of Canada’s Energy Transmission Pipelines | April 2016 Introduction This report summarizes key findings obtained from using the current (2010) version of the Statistics Canada Interregional Input/Output (I-O) Model to estimate the economic impacts from operation of the energy transmission pipelines currently operating in Canada as well as from two proposed but not yet approved -
Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035
Study No. 130 July 2012 CANADIAN NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS IN ENERGY RESEARCH NORTH AMERICA: OVERVIEW INSTITUTE AND OUTLOOK TO 2035 Canadian Energy Research Institute | Relevant • Independent • Objective NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS IN NORTH AMERICA: OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK TO 2035 Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035 Copyright © Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2012 Sections of this study may be reproduced in magazines and newspapers with acknowledgement to the Canadian Energy Research Institute ISBN 1-927037-09-6 Author: Carlos A. Murillo Acknowledgements: The author wishes to acknowledge Rick Funk of Funk & Associates Inc. and Paul Kralovic of Kralovic Economics Inc.; as well as those involved in the production, reviewing, and editing of the material, including but not limited to Peter Howard and Megan Murphy. CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 150, 3512 – 33 Street NW Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6 Canada www.ceri.ca July 2012 Printed in Canada Front cover photo courtesy of ATCO Midstream. Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035 iii Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. xi REPORT HIGHLIGHTS & SUMMARY ................................................................................ xiii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ -
Energy East Pipeline Project
WhenEnergy the pipeline East: spills... Previous ruptures along TransCanada’s Mainline – part of the planned Energy East pipeline project. Photos by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Cover photos Pipeline Investigation Report P09H0074 Top left: Aerial Photo of the Englehart Occurrence Site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0074/p09h0074.aspPipeline Investigation Report P11H0011 Top right: Downstream line-break section of Line 100-2, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2011/p11h0011/p11h0011.aspPipeline Investigation Report P09H0083 Bottom: Aerial photo of the Marten River occurrence site, from , Transportation Safety Board of Canada. Available at http://www.tsb. gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0083/p09h0083.aspEnergy East: When the pipeline spills... is published under the Creative Commons licence Attribution-NonCommercial- ShareAlike 4.0. Images used within this document remain copyrighted by their respective owners except where specifically indicated. Energy East: When the pipeline spills... TransCanada’s Energy East pipeline project would convertIt would an up be to the40-year-old largest oil natural pipeline gas inpipeline North to America, carry crude oil from Saskatchewan to Ontario, connecting it with new pipeline through Quebec and on to Saint John, New Brunswick. transporting 1.1 million barrelsif of oil every day. when where how much When it comes to pipelines, it is not a matter of a pipeline spills, it is a matter of , and it spills. NL AB SK MB Edmonton Hardisty Regina ON QC PE Winnipeg Thunder Bay Quebec City NB Montreal NS North Bay Saint John Ottawa Selective memory: TransCanada’s safety record. -
Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada
Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada 2020 Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada FINAL REPORT March 2020 Authors: Jamie Stephen, PhD M. Jean Blair, MSc Liz Brennan, MSc Susan Wood-Bohm, PhD TorchLight Bioresources Inc. ǀ Ottawa Tel: +1-613-532-7079 ǀ Fax: +1-613-249-7487 ǀ Email: [email protected] www.torchlightbioresources.com EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewable natural gas (RNG), also known as biomethane, is a near-pure methane gas that can be blended with natural gas and used for building space heat/hot water, industrial process heat, electricity generation, and transportation. Although much higher cost than current (2020) natural gas prices, RNG can be produced to be cost competitive with diesel fuel. Its ease of integration within the existing natural gas infrastructure and lower carbon intensity than natural gas and diesel has led to significant interest in fuel switching to RNG for greenhouse gas emission reductions. Previous studies have estimated Canada’s RNG potential using top-down analyses of national and provincial livestock manure, urban waste, industrial waste, landfill gas, and crop residue resources. While these analyses have helped to justify establishment of a small but growing RNG industry in Canada, Natural Resources Canada sought to better understand the RNG feedstock potential at a more localized geographic scale. TorchLight Bioresources was contracted by Natural Resources Canada to complete an analysis of RNG resources at a regional level of detail. As RNG resource data are not available country-wide at a municipality scale, the Canada Census Division was selected as the discreet geographic unit. -
Canadian Natural Gas Market Review
Study No. 158 June 2016 CANADIAN ENERGY CANADIAN NATURAL GAS RESEARCH MARKET REVIEW INSTITUTE Canadian Energy Research Institute | Relevant • Independent • Objective CANADIAN NATURAL GAS MARKET REVIEW Canadian Natural Gas Market Review Authors: Laura Johnson Paul Kralovic* Dinara Millington Jon Rozhon ISBN 1-927037-42-3 Copyright © Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2016 Sections of this study may be reproduced in magazines and newspapers with acknowledgement to the Canadian Energy Research Institute June 2016 Printed in Canada Front photo courtesy of: istockphoto.com Acknowledgements: The authors of this report would like to extend their thanks and sincere gratitude to all CERI staff involved in the production and editing of the material, including but not limited to Allan Fogwill and Megan Murphy. *Paul Kralovic is Director, Frontline Economics Inc. ABOUT THE CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Canadian Energy Research Institute is an independent, not-for-profit research establishment created through a partnership of industry, academia, and government in 1975. Our mission is to provide relevant, independent, objective economic research in energy and environmental issues to benefit business, government, academia and the public. We strive to build bridges between scholarship and policy, combining the insights of scientific research, economic analysis, and practical experience. For more information about CERI, visit www.ceri.ca CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 150, 3512 – 33 Street NW Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6 Email: [email protected] -
Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: a Report to Ministers
Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Energy and Mines Ministers’ Conference Sudbury, Ontario August 2014 Aussi disponible en français sous le titre: La sûreté et la sécurité des pipelines au Canada : rapport aux ministres ISBN 978-1-100-24528-7 (Online) Cat No. M134-34/2014E-PDF Safety and Security of Energy Pipelines in Canada: A Report to Ministers Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 1 Context and Methodology ......................................................................................... 3 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 Survey Results and Analysis ....................................................................................... 6 I) Prevention .........................................................................................................................................................7 Safety Culture and Standards ............................................................................................................................7 Maintenance, Testing, Inspections and Audits .................................................................................................9 Spill Data ...........................................................................................................................................................9 -
Liquefied Natural Gas in North America: an Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of Its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners
Undergraduate Review Volume 14 Special Issue: Canada and the United Article 9 States in the Age of Trump 2018 Liquefied aN tural Gas in North America: An Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners Sean Cunningham Follow this and additional works at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev Recommended Citation Cunningham, Sean (2019). Liquefied Natural Gas in North America: An Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners. Undergraduate Review, 14, 45-57. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev/vol14/iss2/9 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Copyright © 2018 Sean Cunningham Liquefied Natural Gas in infrastructure and a fairly compliant regulation system. However, with continental, cross-border trading flows dictating the crux of LNG trade for the three North North America: An Analysis American partners, freezing each other out may result in severe harm to U.S. export markets. The North of the United States’ American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which has been in effect for more than 20 years, has come under Exportation Position in fire.1 A main trade policy of the Trump Administration has been to renegotiate the trilateral deal so that it better the Context of its North benefits Americans. For the past several months, the trade ministers from Canada, the United States and American Free Trade Mexico have sat down to draft a new agreement, but the United States has stated it will walk away from the table Agreement Partners if its demands are not met. -
Review of Hydrogen Tolerance of Key Power-To-Gas (P2G) Components and Systems in Canada: Final Report Yoo, Yeong; Glass, Nancy; Baker, Ryan
NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Review of hydrogen tolerance of key Power-to-Gas (P2G) components and systems in Canada: final report Yoo, Yeong; Glass, Nancy; Baker, Ryan For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. https://doi.org/10.4224/23002611 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=94a036f4-0e60-4433-add5-9479350f74de https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=94a036f4-0e60-4433-add5-9479350f74de Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec