DOCSLIB.ORG

Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Study No. 130 July 2012 CANADIAN NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS IN ENERGY RESEARCH NORTH AMERICA: OVERVIEW INSTITUTE AND OUTLOOK TO 2035 Canadian Energy Research Institute | Relevant • Independent • Objective NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS IN NORTH AMERICA: OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK TO 2035 Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035 Copyright © Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2012 Sections of this study may be reproduced in magazines and newspapers with acknowledgement to the Canadian Energy Research Institute ISBN 1-927037-09-6 Author: Carlos A. Murillo Acknowledgements: The author wishes to acknowledge Rick Funk of Funk & Associates Inc. and Paul Kralovic of Kralovic Economics Inc.; as well as those involved in the production, reviewing, and editing of the material, including but not limited to Peter Howard and Megan Murphy. CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 150, 3512 – 33 Street NW Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6 Canada www.ceri.ca July 2012 Printed in Canada Front cover photo courtesy of ATCO Midstream. Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035 iii Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. xi REPORT HIGHLIGHTS & SUMMARY ................................................................................ xiii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. xix CHAPTER 1 NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS AND THE CANADIAN INDUSTRY ........................... 1 Natural Gas Liquids Overview ................................................................................... 1 Natural Gas Liquids in Canada .................................................................................. 15 CHAPTER 2 NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN CANADA....................... 71 Canadian NGL Supply and Demand Forecast: Methodology ..................................... 71 Alberta NGLs Outlook and Analysis ........................................................................... 89 Canadian Outlook for Propane and Butanes .............................................................. 100 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................ 103 CHAPTER 3 NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN THE UNITED STATES .... 105 Forecasting Methodology ......................................................................................... 105 PADD by PADD Overview and Forecast ..................................................................... 120 Summary and Conclusions ........................................................................................ 160 APPENDIX A PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE DISTRICTS (PADD DISTRICTS) AND RELATED STATES ................................................. 165 APPENDIX B NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE UNITED STATES ............ 167 July 2012 iv Canadian Energy Research Institute July 2012 Natural Gas Liquids in North America: Overview and Outlook to 2035 v List of Figures E.1 CERI’s Ethane Supply and Demand Analysis and Outlook, 2004-2035 .................. xv E.2 CERI’s Pentanes Plus Supply and Demand Analysis and Outlook, 2004-2035 ........ xvi E.3 CERI’s PADD I Ethane Supply and Demand Forecast ............................................ xvii E.4 CERI’s PADD III Propane/Propylene Supply and Demand ..................................... xvii 1.1 Methane and Other Paraffin Hydrocarbons ......................................................... 2 1.2 Isomers (top) and Naphthenes (bottom) ............................................................. 3 1.3 Natural Gas Liquids ............................................................................................. 5 1.4 Raw Natural Gas Composition ............................................................................ 5 1.5 Sample Raw Gas Compositions ........................................................................... 6 1.6 Canadian Crude Oil Samples, Light versus Heavy ................................................. 7 1.7 North American Natural Gas Liquids Fairways ..................................................... 8 1.8 Natural Gas Liquids in the WCSB and Alberta ...................................................... 8 1.9 From Hydrocarbons to End Products ................................................................... 9 1.10 Natural Gas Processing ....................................................................................... 10 1.11 Natural Gas Liquids Fractionation ....................................................................... 11 1.12 Midstream Processes and Facilities ..................................................................... 12 1.13 Refinery Processes, Configuration, and Products ................................................. 13 1.14 Underground and Above Ground NGLs Storage Facilities .................................... 14 1.15 Canadian Natural Gas Liquids Productions by Source (mb/d) and Raw Natural Gas Production (MMcf/d), 2000-2010 ............................................. 16 1.16 Canadian Raw Natural Gas Production by Province (MMcf/d) and Average Monthly Natural Gas Price @ AECO ($/GJ), 2000-2010 ............................ 18 1.17 Economics of Dry versus Liquids-rich Natural Gas (Montney), Supply Costs, 2011 .............................................................................................. 19 1.18 NGLs Production (mb/d) and Raw Natural Gas Production (MMcf/d) in Canada, 2002-2010 ............................................................................................. 19 1.19 Canadian Refinery Production of LPGs (mb/d), Refineries Crude Slate (md/b & percent) 2000 to 2010, and 2010 Refined Petroleum Product Breakdown (mb/d & percent) ............................................................................. 21 1.20 Synthetic Crude Oil Production and Capacity by Project (mb/d), Oil Sands Mined & Processed (mt/d), and Off-Gas Production from Upgraders (MMcf/d) and Use (percent), 2008-2011 ............................................................................. 24 1.21 Illustration of Williams’ Fort McMurray Extraction Plant ..................................... 25 1.22 NGLs Supply and Demand ................................................................................... 27 1.23 Petrochemical Production in Canada ................................................................... 28 July 2012 vi Canadian Energy Research Institute 1.24 Ethane Supply and Demand Balance (mb/d) and Natural Gas Production, Export, and Demand Trends in Alberta (MMcf/d), 2002-2Q2012 ......................... 30 1.25 Ethane Supply Sources and Gathering and Delivery Systems in Alberta, 2012 ...... 31 1.26 Ethane Production in Alberta by Source, 2002-Q122012 ...................................... 32 1.27 Propane Supply and Demand in Canada, 2000-2010, Supply and Demand Balance and Propane Production in Alberta, 2002-2011, (mb/d) ......................... 36 1.28 Propane Production in Alberta by Source, 2002-Q12012 ..................................... 37 1.29 Butanes Supply and Demand in Canada, 2000-2010, Supply and Demand Balance and Butanes Production in Alberta, 2002-2011 (mb/d) ............. 38 1.30 Butanes Production in Alberta by Source, 2002 to Q12012 .................................. 39 1.31 Canadian Supply/Demand Balance for Pentanes Plus and Condensate, Condensates and Pentanes Plus Charged to Canadian Refineries (mb/d), 2000-2010, and Pentanes Plus Production in Alberta by Source, 2002-Q12012 .... 41 1.32 Increasing Diluent Needed for Oil Sands Operations ........................................... 42 1.33 Alberta Supply/Demand Balance for Natural Gas Liquids Mix, and NGL Mix Production in Alberta by Source (mb/d), 2002-Q12012 ....................................... 44 1.34 Canadian NGLs Pricing $/GJ (top) and $/bbl (bottom) ......................................... 46 1.35 NGLs Prices as a Percentage of Crude Oil (top), NGLs Gross Frac Spread (middle), and Crude Oil Price to Natural Gas Price Ratio (bottom) ........... 48 1.36 NGLs Economics (top) and Common Gas Processing Contract Structures ............. 49 1.37 Major NGL Infrastructure in Canada .................................................................... 50 1.38 Alberta Straddle Plants and Locations ................................................................. 52 1.39 NGLs Infrastructure in Alberta ............................................................................ 54 1.40 Map of William Energy’s Alberta Assets .............................................................. 55 1.41 Refining Capacity (mb/d) and Number of Refineries in Canada, by Region, 2011 .................................................................................................. 56 1.42 AEGS Pipeline System ......................................................................................... 57 1.43 Cochin Pipeline Reversal Project ......................................................................... 58 1.44 Empress-Kerrobert and Enbridge’s Mainline and Southern Lights Pipelines ......... 58 1.45 Spectra Energy and the Empress System ............................................................. 59 1.46 Plains Midstream Pipelines ................................................................................. 59 1.47 Vantage
Recommended publications
  • Natural Gas Processing Plants. 2

    Natural Gas Processing Plants. 2

    → Linde Engineering Natural Gas Processing Plants. 2 Contents. 3 Introduction 4 Components and pretreatment of natural gas 5 Natural gas plants 6 Extraction of hydrocarbons and LPG plants 7 References for LPG/C3+ recovery plants 8 NGL plants 8 References for NGL/C2+ recovery plants 10 Extraction of non hydrocarbons Nitrogen rejection units (NRU) Helium recovery and liquefaction plants 11 References for nitrogen rejection and helium plants 12 Contact 3 Introduction. Natural gas is valuable both as a clean source of energy and as a chemical feedstock. Before reaching the customer, it has to pass several processing steps. These steps are partly neces- sary to be able to transport the gas over long distances and partly necessary for the recovery of valuable components contained in the gas. Linde AG´s Engineering Division has world-class experience in the entire natural gas processing chain. Linde offers engi- neering as well as technical and commercial services, includ- ing feasibility studies, pre-FEED, FEED, detail engineering and turnkey plant construction. Plant design and scope of supply typically includes specialized and tailor made cryogenic equipment manufactured in Linde workshops such as plate- fin and coil-wound heat exchangers. Linde´s competence in project development, planning, exe- cution and construction of turn-key plants is clearly demon- strated by the fact that it has built more than 4,000 plants world-wide. 4 Components and pretreatment of natural gas. Components of natural gas Pretreatment of natural gas Natural gas is a mixture of gases containing Natural gas pretreatment typically consists of primarily hydrocarbon gases. It is colorless and mercury removal, gas sweetening and drying.
  • BEAR HEAD LNG CORPORATION and ) BEAR HEAD LNG (USA), LLC ) FE DOCKET NO

    BEAR HEAD LNG CORPORATION and ) BEAR HEAD LNG (USA), LLC ) FE DOCKET NO

    UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF FOSSIL ENERGY _______________________________________ ) BEAR HEAD LNG CORPORATION and ) BEAR HEAD LNG (USA), LLC ) FE DOCKET NO. 15-33-LNG _______________________________________ ) OPINION AND ORDER GRANTING LONG-TERM, MULTI-CONTRACT AUTHORIZATION TO EXPORT U.S.-SOURCED NATURAL GAS BY PIPELINE TO CANADA FOR LIQUEFACTION AND RE-EXPORT IN THE FORM OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TO NON-FREE TRADE AGREEMENT COUNTRIES DOE/FE ORDER NO. 3770 FEBRUARY 5, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 II. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................ 11 III. PUBLIC INTEREST STANDARD .................................................................................... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF REQUEST .......................................................................................... 14 A. Description of Applicants ............................................................................................. 14 B. Liquefaction Project ...................................................................................................... 15 C. M&N Pipeline ............................................................................................................... 16 D. Procedural History ........................................................................................................ 18 E. Source of Natural Gas ..................................................................................................
  • Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada

    Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada

    Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada 2020 Renewable Natural Gas (Biomethane) Feedstock Potential in Canada FINAL REPORT March 2020 Authors: Jamie Stephen, PhD M. Jean Blair, MSc Liz Brennan, MSc Susan Wood-Bohm, PhD TorchLight Bioresources Inc. ǀ Ottawa Tel: +1-613-532-7079 ǀ Fax: +1-613-249-7487 ǀ Email: [email protected] www.torchlightbioresources.com EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewable natural gas (RNG), also known as biomethane, is a near-pure methane gas that can be blended with natural gas and used for building space heat/hot water, industrial process heat, electricity generation, and transportation. Although much higher cost than current (2020) natural gas prices, RNG can be produced to be cost competitive with diesel fuel. Its ease of integration within the existing natural gas infrastructure and lower carbon intensity than natural gas and diesel has led to significant interest in fuel switching to RNG for greenhouse gas emission reductions. Previous studies have estimated Canada’s RNG potential using top-down analyses of national and provincial livestock manure, urban waste, industrial waste, landfill gas, and crop residue resources. While these analyses have helped to justify establishment of a small but growing RNG industry in Canada, Natural Resources Canada sought to better understand the RNG feedstock potential at a more localized geographic scale. TorchLight Bioresources was contracted by Natural Resources Canada to complete an analysis of RNG resources at a regional level of detail. As RNG resource data are not available country-wide at a municipality scale, the Canada Census Division was selected as the discreet geographic unit.
  • Canadian Natural Gas Market Review

    Canadian Natural Gas Market Review

    Study No. 158 June 2016 CANADIAN ENERGY CANADIAN NATURAL GAS RESEARCH MARKET REVIEW INSTITUTE Canadian Energy Research Institute | Relevant • Independent • Objective CANADIAN NATURAL GAS MARKET REVIEW Canadian Natural Gas Market Review Authors: Laura Johnson Paul Kralovic* Dinara Millington Jon Rozhon ISBN 1-927037-42-3 Copyright © Canadian Energy Research Institute, 2016 Sections of this study may be reproduced in magazines and newspapers with acknowledgement to the Canadian Energy Research Institute June 2016 Printed in Canada Front photo courtesy of: istockphoto.com Acknowledgements: The authors of this report would like to extend their thanks and sincere gratitude to all CERI staff involved in the production and editing of the material, including but not limited to Allan Fogwill and Megan Murphy. *Paul Kralovic is Director, Frontline Economics Inc. ABOUT THE CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Canadian Energy Research Institute is an independent, not-for-profit research establishment created through a partnership of industry, academia, and government in 1975. Our mission is to provide relevant, independent, objective economic research in energy and environmental issues to benefit business, government, academia and the public. We strive to build bridges between scholarship and policy, combining the insights of scientific research, economic analysis, and practical experience. For more information about CERI, visit www.ceri.ca CANADIAN ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE 150, 3512 – 33 Street NW Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6 Email: [email protected]
  • Liquefied Natural Gas in North America: an Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of Its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners

    Liquefied Natural Gas in North America: an Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of Its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners

    Undergraduate Review Volume 14 Special Issue: Canada and the United Article 9 States in the Age of Trump 2018 Liquefied aN tural Gas in North America: An Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners Sean Cunningham Follow this and additional works at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev Recommended Citation Cunningham, Sean (2019). Liquefied Natural Gas in North America: An Analysis of the United States’ Exportation Position in the Context of its North American Free Trade Agreement Partners. Undergraduate Review, 14, 45-57. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/undergrad_rev/vol14/iss2/9 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Copyright © 2018 Sean Cunningham Liquefied Natural Gas in infrastructure and a fairly compliant regulation system. However, with continental, cross-border trading flows dictating the crux of LNG trade for the three North North America: An Analysis American partners, freezing each other out may result in severe harm to U.S. export markets. The North of the United States’ American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which has been in effect for more than 20 years, has come under Exportation Position in fire.1 A main trade policy of the Trump Administration has been to renegotiate the trilateral deal so that it better the Context of its North benefits Americans. For the past several months, the trade ministers from Canada, the United States and American Free Trade Mexico have sat down to draft a new agreement, but the United States has stated it will walk away from the table Agreement Partners if its demands are not met.
  • Review of Hydrogen Tolerance of Key Power-To-Gas (P2G) Components and Systems in Canada: Final Report Yoo, Yeong; Glass, Nancy; Baker, Ryan

    Review of Hydrogen Tolerance of Key Power-To-Gas (P2G) Components and Systems in Canada: Final Report Yoo, Yeong; Glass, Nancy; Baker, Ryan

    NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Review of hydrogen tolerance of key Power-to-Gas (P2G) components and systems in Canada: final report Yoo, Yeong; Glass, Nancy; Baker, Ryan For the publisher’s version, please access the DOI link below./ Pour consulter la version de l’éditeur, utilisez le lien DOI ci-dessous. https://doi.org/10.4224/23002611 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=94a036f4-0e60-4433-add5-9479350f74de https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=94a036f4-0e60-4433-add5-9479350f74de Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec
  • Property Analysis of Ethanol−Natural Gasoline−BOB Blends to Make

    Property Analysis of Ethanol−Natural Gasoline−BOB Blends to Make

    Property Analysis of Ethanol− Natural Gasoline−BOB Blends to Make Flex Fuel Teresa L. Alleman National Renewable Energy Laboratory Janet Yanowitz Ecoengineering, Inc. NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-67243 November 2016 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Property Analysis of Ethanol− Natural Gasoline−BOB Blends to Make Flex Fuel Teresa L. Alleman National Renewable Energy Laboratory Janet Yanowitz Ecoengineering, Inc. Prepared under Task No. WFGS.1000 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Technical Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/TP-5400-67243 Golden, CO 80401 November 2016 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
  • Issue Study 3 Electricity in Canada, Mexico and the United States

    Issue Study 3 Electricity in Canada, Mexico and the United States

    Issue Study 3. Electricity in North America: Some Environmental Implications of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Table of Contents – Issue Study 3 Acronyms 263 Acknowledgements 265 I. Introduction 266 II. The Issue in Context: Environmental, Economic, Social and Geographic Conditions 272 A. The Environmental Context 272 1. Air 273 2. Water 275 3. Land 277 4. Biota 278 B. The Economic Context 279 C. The Social Context 281 D. The Geographic Context 282 III. The NAFTA Connection 288 A. NAFTA Rule Changes 288 B. NAFTA’s Institutions 290 C. Trade Flows 292 260 1. Trade in Electricity 292 a. United States–Canada 293 b. United States–Mexico 294 c. Canada–Mexico 295 2. Trade in Fuels 296 a. Natural Gas 296 b. Coal 298 3. Trade in Enery-Sector Equipment 301 D. Transborder Investment Flows 302 1. Mexico 303 2. Canada 305 3. United States 306 IV. Linkages to the Environment 308 A. Production, Management and Technology 308 1. New Generation Technologies 308 a. Impact of New Enabling Technologies 312 2. Trends in Energy Production 313 a. Coal 313 b. Natural Gas 314 c. Hydroelectricity 315 d. Nuclear 317 e. Renewable Energy 319 f. Cogeneration, Demand-Side Management (DSM) and other Energy-Efficiency Measures 323 B. Physical Infrastructure 329 1. Electricity 329 a. Generation 329 b. Transmission 330 2. Natural Gas 333 a. Canada 333 b. Mexico 334 c. United States 335 C. Social Organization 336 D. Government Policy 337 1. Electricity 338 a. Canada 338 able of Contents: Electricity in North America T b. United States 339 c.
  • Oil Supply and Demand in Canada's Energy Future: Current Context And

    Oil Supply and Demand in Canada's Energy Future: Current Context And

    Second Quarter 2018 International Association for Energy Economics Oil Supply and Demand in Canada’s Energy Future: Current Context and Long Term Trends By Matthew Hansen, Chris Doleman and Abha Bhargava IntroductIon the authors are with Canada is a large global producer of oil, and a relatively large user of oil products on a per Canada’s national energy Board. Matthew capita or gross domestic product basis. Canadian crude oil production has increased signifi- Hansen is a technical cantly in recent years, inspired by technological change, investment, and high oil prices. This specialist, Chris Doleman increase exists in a context of growing global oil demand, and expectations for significant is a Market Analyst and growth in the near future. Abha Bhargava is the While Canadian oil production has increased, Canada has also taken steps to reduce its own Director. Dr. Bhargava may be reached at Abha. fossil fuel use, including oil products. This is reflected in various policies and regulations put [email protected] in place at various levels of government over the past decade. Like other developed nations, demand for oil products has been flat during this time period. What sets Canada apart is the See footnotes at end of text. relative importance of energy production to its economy, as well as the fact that producing energy accounts for a relatively large share of Canada’s own energy use (much of which is natural gas) and emissions. This dynamic makes Canada an interesting case study for the paradox of fast growing global oil de- mand in the near-term, and expectations that global oil demand will be reduced in the long-term.
  • Natural Gasoline

    Natural Gasoline

    Safety Data Sheet 1. Identification Product Name: Natural Gasoline Synonyms: Debutanized Natural Gasoline - DNG Chemical Family: Aliphatic Hydrocarbon Mixture Manufacturers Name: Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation Address: 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300 Denver, Colorado 80290 Product Use: Hydrocarbon fuel Phone Number for Information: (303) 837-1661 Emergency Phone Number (Chemtrec): (800) 424-9300 Natural Gasoline is a mixture of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons (predominantly C5 through C8) separated from natural gas by processes such as refrigeration or absorption. 2. Hazard Identification DANGER! FLAMMABLE LIQUID ASPIRATION OF LIQUID IN THE LUNGS CAN PRODUCE CHEMICAL PNEUMONIA OR EVEN DEATH. PRODUCES SKIN IRRITATION UPON PROLONGED OR REPEATED SKIN CONTACT. MAY CONTAIN BENZENE WHICH CAN CAUSE CANCER OR BE TOXIC TO BLOOD-FORMING ORGANS. NO SMOKING! KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT/SPARKS/OPEN FLAMES/HOT SURFACES. WEAR PROTECTIVE GLOVES, CLOTHING AND EYE WEAR WHEN HANDLING. AVOID RELEASE INTO THE ENVIRONMENT. Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Information Physical Hazards Classification Flammable Liquids, Category 1 Health Hazards Classification Skin Corrosion/irritation, Category 2 Serious eye damage/eye irritation, Category 2b Carcinogenicity, Category 1B Specific Target organ toxicity – single exposure, Category 3 (drowsiness and dizziness) Specific Target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 2 (bone marrow, liver, thymus, nervous system) Aspiration hazard, Category 1 Product Name: Whiting Natural Gasoline Page 1 of 7 Environmental Hazards Classification
  • 5.1 OVERVIEW Gasoline Is a Mixture of Relatively Volatile Hydrocarbons

    5.1 OVERVIEW Gasoline Is a Mixture of Relatively Volatile Hydrocarbons

    GASOLINE 117 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE 5.1 OVERVIEW Gasoline is a mixture of relatively volatile hydrocarbons, including alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and aromatics. Individual hydrocarbon components differentially partition to environmental media on the basis of their physical/chemical properties. Gasoline is released to the atmosphere as hydrocarbon vapors from processing and use as a fuel, and to surface water, groundwater, and soil through spills and leaks in aboveground and underground storage tanks and pipelines. Gasoline has been identified in 23 of the 1,397 NPL hazardous waste sites that have been proposed for inclusion on the NPL (HAZDAT 1992). The frequency of these sites within the Unites States can be seen in Figure 5-l. The volatile hydrocarbon fraction of gasoline, which consists primarily of short-chain (C4-C5) alkanes and alkenes and some aromatics, partitions to the atmosphere where photochemical oxidation is the main removal process. Much of what is released to surface waters and surface soils is lost by volatilization to the atmosphere. Releases to subsurface soils may leach through the unsaturated zone and contaminate groundwater. Aromatics constitute most of the water soluble fraction of gasoline. Biodegradation of gasoline hydrocarbons by a diverse group of microorganisms is an important removal process in surface waters, soil, and groundwater. Bioconcentration and sorption of gasoline hydrocarbons to soils and sediments may be important only for higher molecular weight hydrocarbons that are resistant to biodegradation. Exposure of the general population to gasoline occurs primarily through inhalation of very small quantities of the volatile fraction of the mixture during automobile refueling. Another important source of exposure is ingestion, dermal, and inhalation exposure for certain populations through the use of gasoline-contaminated surface water or groundwater in domestic potable water applications.
  • Lonestar Shafter Deerfoot Consulting Inc. Natural Gasoline

    Lonestar Shafter Deerfoot Consulting Inc. Natural Gasoline

    Natural Gasoline - Lonestar Shafter SAFETY DATA SHEET Date of Preparation: April 11, 2016 Section 1: IDENTIFICATION Product Name: Natural Gasoline - Lonestar Shafter Synonyms: Not available. Product Use: Refinery feedstock. Restrictions on Use: Not available. Manufacturer/Supplier: Plains Midstream Canada ULC, and Affiliates Suite 1400, 607 – 8th Avenue SW Calgary, Alberta T2P 0A7 Phone Number: 1-866-875-2554 Emergency Phone: USA - CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300 / CANADA - CANUTEC 1- 888-CAN-UTEC (226-8832), 613-996-6666 or *666 on a cellular phone Date of Preparation of SDS: April 11, 2016 Section 2: HAZARD(S) IDENTIFICATION GHS INFORMATION Classification: Flammable Liquids, Category 1 Skin Irritation, Category 2 Germ Cell Mutagenicity, Category 1B Carcinogenicity, Category 1A Toxic to Reproduction, Category 2 Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Single Exposure), Category 3 - Narcotic Effects Specific Target Organ Toxicity (Repeated Exposure), Category 2 Aspiration Hazard, Category 1 LABEL ELEMENTS Hazard Pictogram(s): Signal Word: Danger Hazard Extremely flammable liquid and vapor. Statements: Causes skin irritation. May cause genetic defects. May cause cancer. Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child. May cause drowsiness or dizziness. May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Precautionary Statements Prevention: Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces. – No smoking. Page 1 of 13 Deerfoot Consulting Inc. Natural Gasoline - Lonestar Shafter SAFETY DATA SHEET Date of Preparation: April 11, 2016 Keep container tightly closed. Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.