Project Gutenberg's A Popular History of Ireland V2, by Thomas D'Arcy McGee #2 in our series by Thomas D'Arcy McGee Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: A Popular History of Ireland V2 From the earliest period to the emancipation of the Catholics Author: Thomas D'Arcy McGee Release Date: October, 2004 [EBook #6633] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on January 6, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A POPULAR HISTORY OF IRELAND *** This etext was produced by Gardner Buchanan with help from Charles Aldarondo and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. A Popular History of Ireland: from the Earliest Period to the Emancipation of the Catholics by Thomas D'Arcy McGee In Two Volumes Volume II CONTENTS--VOL. II BOOK VIII. (Continued from Volume I) CHAPTER IV.--Sir Henry Sidney's Deputyship--Parliament of 1569--The Second "Geraldine League"-- Sir James Fitzmaurice CHAPTER V.--The "Undertakers" in Ulster and Leinster-- Defeat and Death of Sir James Fitzmaurice CHAPTER VI.--Sequel of the Second Geraldine League-- Plantation of Munster--Early Career of Hugh O'Neil, Earl of Tyrone--Parliament of 1585 CHAPTER VII.--Battle of Glenmalure--Sir John Perrott's Administration--The Spanish Armada-- Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam--Escape of Hugh Roe O'Donnell from Dublin Castle-- The Ulster Confederacy formed CHAPTER VIII.--The Ulster Confederacy--Feagh Mac Hugh O'Byrne--Campaign of 1595--Negotiations, English and Spanish--Battle of the Yellow Ford--Its Consequences CHAPTER IX.--Essex's Campaign of 1599--Battle of the Curlieu Mountains--O'Neil's Negotiations with Spain--Mountjoy Lord Deputy CHAPTER X.--Mountjoy's Administration--Operations in Ulster and Munster--Carew's "Wit and Cunning"--Landing of Spaniards in the South--Battle of Kinsale--Death of O'Donnell in Spain CHAPTER XI.--The Conquest of Munster--Death of Elizabeth, and Submission of O'Neil--"The Articles of Mellifont" CHAPTER XII.--State of Religion and Learning during the Reign of Elizabeth BOOK IX. CHAPTER I.--James I.--Flight of the Earls--Confiscation of Ulster--Penal Laws--Parliamentary Opposition CHAPTER II.--Last years of James--Confiscation of the Midland Counties--Accession of Charles I.-- Grievances and "Graces"--Administration of Lord Strafford CHAPTER III.--Lord Stafford's Impeachment and Execution-- Parliament of 1639-'41--The Insurrection of 1641--The Irish Abroad CHAPTER IV.--The Insurrection of 1641 CHAPTER V.--The Catholic Confederation--Its Civil Government and Military Establishment CHAPTER VI.--The Confederate War--Campaign of 1643-- The Cessation CHAPTER VII.--The Cessation and its Consequences CHAPTER VIII.--Glamorgan's Treaty--The New Nuncio Rinuccini-- O'Neil's Position--The Battle of Benburb CHAPTER IX.--From the Battle of Benburb till the Landing of Cromwell at Dublin CHAPTER X.--Cromwell's Campaign--1649-1650 CHAPTER XI.--Close of the Confederate War CHAPTER XII.--Ireland under the Protectorate-- Administration of Henry Cromwell-- Death of Oliver BOOK X. CHAPTER I.--Reign of Charles II. CHAPTER II.--Reign of Charles II. (Concluded) CHAPTER III.--The State of Religion and Learning in Ireland during the Seventeenth Century CHAPTER IV.--Accession of James II.--Tyrconnell's Administration CHAPTER V.--King James to Ireland--Irish Parliament of 1689 CHAPTER VI.--The Revolutionary War--Campaign of 1639-- Sieges of Derry and Enniskillen CHAPTER VII.--The Revolutionary War--Campaign of 1690-- Battle of the Boyne--Its Consequences-- the Sieges of Athlone and Limerick CHAPTER VIII.--The Winter of 1690-91 CHAPTER IX.--The Revolutionary War--Campaign of 1691-- Battle of Aughrim--Capitulation of Limerick CHAPTER X.--Reign of King William CHAPTER XI.--Reign of Queen Anne CHAPTER XII.--The Irish Soldiers Abroad, during the Reigns of William and Anne BOOK XI. CHAPTER I.--Accession of George I.--Swift's Leadership CHAPTER II.--Reign of George II.--Growth of Public Spirit--The "Patriot" Party--Lord Chesterfield's Administration CHAPTER III.--The Last Jacobite Movement--The Irish Soldiers Abroad--French Expedition under Thurot, or O'Farrell CHAPTER IV.--Reign of George II. (Concluded)-- Malone's Leadership CHAPTER V.--Accession of George III.--Flood's Leadership--Octennial Parliaments Established CHAPTER VI.--Flood's Leadership--State of the Country between 1760 and 1776 CHAPTER VII.--Grattan's Leadership--"Free Trade" and the Volunteers CHAPTER VIII.--Grattan's Leadership--Legislative and Judicial Independence Established CHAPTER IX.--The Era of Independence--First Period CHAPTER X.--The Era of Independence--Second Period CHAPTER XI.--The Era of Independence--Third Period-- Catholic Relief Bill of 1793 CHAPTER XII.--The Era of Independence--Effects of the French Revolution in Ireland--Secession of Grattan, Curran, and their Friends, from Parliament, in 1797 CHAPTER XIII.--The United Irishmen CHAPTER XIV.--Negotiations with France and Holland-- The Three Expeditions Negotiated by Tone and Lewines CHAPTER XV.--The Insurrection of 1798 CHAPTER XVI.--The Insurrection of 1798--The Wexford Insurrection CHAPTER XVII.--The Insurrection elsewhere--Fate of the Leading United Irishmen CHAPTER XVIII.--Administration of Lord Cornwallis-- Before the Union CHAPTER XIX.--Last Session of the Irish Parliament-- The Legislative Union of Great Britain and Ireland BOOK XII. CHAPTER I.--After the Union--Death of Lord Clare-- Robert Emmet's Emeute CHAPTER II.--Administration of Lord Hardwick (1801 to 1806), and of the Duke of Bedford (1806 to 1808) CHAPTER III.--Administration of the Duke of Richmond (1807 to 1813) CHAPTER IV.--O'Connell's Leadership--1813 to 1821 CHAPTER V.--Retrospect of the State of Religion and Learning during the Reign of George III CHAPTER VI.--The Irish Abroad, during the Reign of George III CHAPTER VII.--O'Connell's Leadership--The Catholic Association--1821 to 1825 CHAPTER VIII.--O'Connell's Leadership--The Clare Election-- Emancipation of the Catholics HISTORY OF IRELAND BOOK VIII. THE ERA OF THE REFORMATION. (Continued from Volume I) CHAPTER IV. SIR HENRY SIDNEY'S DEPUTYSHIP--PARLIAMENT OF 1569-- THE SECOND "GERALDINE LEAGUE"--SIR JAMES FITZ-MAURICE. Sir Henry Sidney, in writing to his court, had always reported John O'Neil as "the only strong man in Ireland." Before his rout at Lough Swilly, he could commonly call into the field 4,000 foot and 1,000 horse; and his two years' revolt cost Elizabeth, in money, about 150,000 pounds sterling "over and above the cess laid on the country"--besides "3,500 of her Majesty's soldiers" slain in battle. The removal of such a leader in the very prime of life was therefore a cause of much congratulation to Sidney and his royal mistress, and as no other "strong man" was likely soon to arise, the Deputy now turned with renewed ardour to the task of establishing the Queen's supremacy, in things spiritual as well as temporal. With this view he urged that separate governments, with large though subordinate military as well as civil powers, should be created for Munster and Connaught--with competent Presidents, who should reside in the former Province at Limerick, and in the latter, at Athlone. In accordance with this scheme--which continued to be acted upon for nearly a century--Sir Edward Fitton was appointed first President of Connaught, and Sir John Perrott, the Queen's illegitimate brother, President of Munster. Leinster and Ulster were reserved as the special charge of the Lord Deputy. About the time of O'Neil's death Sidney made an official progress through the South and West, which he describes as wofully wasted by war, both town and country. The earldom of the loyal Ormond was far from being well ordered; and the other great nobles were even less favourably reported; the Earl of Desmond could neither rule nor be ruled; the Earl of Clancarty "wanted force and credit;" the Earl of Thomond had neither wit to govern "nor grace to learn of others;" the Earl of Clanrickarde was well intentioned, but controlled wholly by his wife. Many districts had but "one-twentieth" of their ancient population; Galway was in a state of perpetual defence. Athenry had but four respectable householders left, and these presented him with the rusty keys of their once famous town, which they confessed themselves unable to defend, impoverished as they were by the extortions of their lords. All this to the eye of the able Englishman had been the result of that "cowardly policy, or lack of policy," whose sole maxims had been to play off the great lords against each other and to retard the growth of population, least "through their quiet might follow" future dangers to the English interest. His own policy was based on very different principles. He proposed to make the highest heads bow to the supremacy of the royal sword--to punish with exemplary rigour every sign of insubordination, especially in the great--and, at the same time, to encourage with ample rewards, adventurers, and enterprises of all kinds. He proposed to himself precisely the part Lord Stafford acted sixty years later, and he entered on it with a will which would have won the admiration of that unbending despot.