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Online Publication Date: 01 July 2007 To cite this Article: Galily, Yair (2007) 'Sport, Politics and Society in Israel: The First Fifty-five Years', Israel Affairs, 13:3, 515 - 528 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/13537120701531593 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537120701531593

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Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 O:10.1080/13537120701531593 DOI: online 1743-9086 print/ISSN pp.515–528 1353-7121 2007, ISSN July Israel. No.3, Institute, Vol.13, Wingate Affairs, College, Israel lands Zinman Arab the that at from sociologist decades a Jews is of Galily the Yair The immigration of convulsions. mass political Each the and of them. social years accept more the yet were to by 1950s prepared marked piece was was European one followed the that decimated in of life land new remnants a of the creating and absorbing surviving of on Jewry—concentrating throes in the period in year country quantum fifty other a any changes—undoubtedly in than enormous changes history. more last show the certainly over would leap—and history cultural country’s years any of fifty review a Weill, to According society.’ about knowledge not that was conscious were very sport which were We about certainty. sport cases, greater knowledge such knowledge of In give vaguely. aspects to only is known light into task were the known, to enquiries if bringing which, or his ‘Sociological of before and known task that: himself the by suggested have taken the sport approach in has developed the Dunning, was discussing society’, today. Elias sport in human collaborator which Elias, in of that developing Israel. process study of the one and the State describe to in approach, used coalescing advances been developmental for has still ‘indispensable a many as is from article, describes population which this society diverse roots, new widely Throughout a a backgrounds; ancient social to and with home cultural religious, is ethnic, Israel different of State The Israel: in Society and Politics Sport, usit: puts ihteetbiheto h tt fIre n14,Ire a a was Israel 1948, in Israel of State the of establishment the With osaeadwihaecretylaigt rnfrain ntheir in helped transformations have to leading which in currently forces sports are social whole. by which character. complex a played and the as part shape unravel the society to to understand in and to role seeks society questions its sport] ask of or rarely [Sociology they problems, development posing particular, as its or In it it see explanation. concerning or like an it may question They require usually granted. not which do for they take but to it tend dislike people something is Sport h is it-v Years Fifty-five First The 3 q 07Tyo Francis & Taylor 2007 ARGALILY YAIR 2 n sDunning as And ... 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Minister State with Prime Arab normalization the of the 1995 for 1990s of struggle the part continuing Since least the 1977. at in in involved been Egypt to has of bridges Israel Israel to Sadat tentative very visit Anwar first epoch-making still the President the are with of saw beginning which world, 1980s of Arab and the effects with 1970s peace the Yom The aftermath, today. the its by here extent of and much large 1973 sense a the of and to indeed War shattered mythos but Kippur be Israel, national to of new Diaspora—only population Jewish other whole Jewish entire the the a national by only seventy-five when not marked language, engulfed 1967, all, some own euphoria above of War from their were, 1960s Day them Jews The Six with baggage. of cultural brought and them thousands heritage of of all tens countries; with along 516 sal pr.Smlrt unn’ iw twl eage eeta an freedom that relative entail. for they here the scope which differential argued from action the of apart be and occupies understood will he be positions it social cannot view, of development Dunning’s the development The personal to officials, the individual’s of Similar to masses. politicians, contributed of sport. also others—have referees, tens the Israeli many perhaps but and coaches, of and people society, people—athletes, media Thousands, passion individuals. of international a key thousands and of general to of efforts Israeli result amateur freaks’, enthusiastic the an is in ‘sports from phenomenon cultural evolved developments major few 1948. has a in into sport a Israel transformation Israeli of of decades, State four the hobby past of the establishment the Over since radically changed pcfi oiia raiain aolwsa ra fteGeneral the of organ an was Hapoel for organization: being with tools political affiliated started were as specific clubs that football associations a clubs sports 1920s nationwide sports early into the incorporated appropriated From parties competition. Zionist partisan when Zionism pr noacnrladlgtmt ato sal society. Israeli Israeli of turned part that legitimate developments and major central the a into review sport and people, key these sal pr,myemr hnayohrclua phenomenon, cultural other any than more maybe sport, Israeli pr nIre a rtasmltdit h dooia rmwr of framework ideological the into assimilated first was Israel in Sport 6 4 5 hrfr,ti ril ilpitotafwof few a out point will article this Therefore, SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 n ate,soteetal eaeamtpo o oiis and politics, for disaffection metaphor demonstrate to a sport establishment: political in became the loyalties with eventually used groups sport marginalized Paltiel, and oe) eedatdit h eetyasmldam n epdto helped and army assembled and men recently (both population the the into of rest drafted the like were athletes, women), The halt. a Hapoel. to from Israel from seven Rosin Hapoel. and Joshua from team: Maccabi Oimshuf were the Dolk from players to and Fourteen nominated seven Maccabi, were state. Prague: coaches new basketball to the Two of go Israeli days to of early nature chosen the the in marked system’, the teams indicates national fifty–fifty The ‘the organizations. festival, sports dubbed the two later the in solution, between existed part that relationship take of would kind from team’s players organization many the how sporting specifically each team, and the of 1947) composition the May regarding (in great made of state-to-be. was the countries be other to new 67 importance to with the propaganda along about festival of sports establishment the was in the well. appearance Israel of as Hapoel level declaration of immense political the the the of State period, at was but same festival was level the this sporting During at the It sports at appearance youth only Its not the recognition. 1947. significance, to in invitation Prague international in an festival received gain eventually which to organization Hapoel trying volleyball the and which basketball but for while organization Palestine, programmes own Maccabi in its Organization the established organization Sport was Amateur It the peak. dominated its reached organizations interdependent rather of development but the discussing isolated when sport. not importance of are therefore the and These purposes, processes growth, present sport. population for of germane secularization, development most of and, process militarization Israel’s processes urbanization, with the intertwined state-formation: also of were processes other Nevertheless, ‘Revisionists’ party. right-wing religious-Zionist the the to with related was associated bourgeois Elizur was with and affiliated Betar was parties, Maccabi political (Histadrut), Labour of Federation ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, h a fidpnec 14–99 ruh prigatvte in activities sporting brought (1948–1949) independence of war The Maccabi and Hapoel of representatives between negotiations bitter The sports various the of members the between struggle the 1947, In ins a rnfre rmavso noa nttto,these been institution, have politics. an Israel coloration of political into arena comparative their vision the losing in a reinforced than from rather when Israel, transformed organizations of weapon foundation powerful was the a With as Zionism influence. sport political respective their used the increase have of to parties indispensable expressions The concrete an ideologies. providing been by political have parties the organizations of sport organ inception, their From 7 codn oReshef to According 8 517 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 ao eeain eetdteblneo oe n olto politics coalition proper. system the and political in power the part within of parties take balance patron would the the between but two reflected the federations, Labour between federations co-operation two the The major the the sport. to of of organization centres Maccabi by and which lesser urban management by the reached the placed was from be quo status emphasis move would a a 1950s the the on aspect During and peripheries. masses was ideological pioneering the Another on for policy Movement sport a sport. i.e., through establish achievement-oriented Movement, to of expressed Labour to part sought the one opposed of also was policy as view it This world possible. but larger as party, a communities many ruling as the in foothold of federation sports federations. be the to of came size regarding consensus proportional this consensus the 1950s on the a based and during Hapoel though the preserve of federations, representation to Maccabi equal this the first, by At attempt characterized organizations. was sporting the consensus the in federations in period. the of Mandate reflected representation British the was during This established Gabai, affiliations party Yehuda and enhance with Championship, Buch together League Nahum and award, (basketball) win the Shneur athlete (swimming). Avraham striker, to in (athletics), best football time Koren team Aviv’s 1950 Malka first Tel his the the Maccabi for led received Gan. held Glazer, were Ramat Yehosuah and in 1950, Stadium September National in place took uaet n nse neeet lc.TetidMaccabiah third The the Israeli place. of the eleventh in later, in Championship purpose years European finished Two The the and state. in new Budapest, US. participated the team the and for basketball community, sympathy women’s American in global the from evoke tournament donations to collect a to was in tournament participated team their had institutes which The football, and activities. tennis federations. sports except own sports, local all for for Federation responsible responsible Sports were was the which and events, Israel, represent sporting of to international was in the task athletes whose Israel, Israeli With were of institutes Committee Physical forces. sports Olympic national a of the first became established: Arab Department the 1939, later, in the years the Council Three 1948, National body. the government of in by Israel founded invasion was of which Education, the State the from of establishment country the protect 518 acb e oteetbiheto eaaefobl ege.In leagues. football would teams, national the separate as well ensured as of country, that the agreement in institutes an establishment sports signed all organizations that the two the to 1951, November led Maccabi hssse rae la datg o aol o nywsi the it was only Not Hapoel. for advantage clear a created system This to continued 1950s the in established institutions sporting state The he otsatrteetbiheto h tt,teIreifootball Israeli the state, the of establishment the after months Three h ipt ewe h w ags prsognztos aoland Hapoel organizations, sports largest two the between dispute The SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL 10 9 Games Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 uhrt a iteiflec nIreisotbcueo h relative the of because main sport four the of Israeli dominance the the on and However, federations sports. sports influence the and of independence little education had physical of 1960s, authority the departments of beginning the the at united established was which Authority, Sports The international DECADE the SECOND THE in and Israel in Israel sports in education numerous physical and community’. promoting and Israel coaching sports prestigious for of research, the Bagg quality and won sports the Baruch Institute ‘improving a Wingate for and the as Prize 1989, Simon serves In Imanuel centre. which teaching 1957. Institute, the in Orde founded Charles inaugurated officer British was the after Wingate, named Institute, Sports National The the watch Nahum not by Nehemia could broadcaster goal field: of who the commentary historic from the people reported to the who of listened Ben-Avraham, Israeli stadium despite thousands the the of in 2–1, game tens of Israel watched The again performance spectators defeat Stalmach. weeks 60,000 the Gan, Three Russians Ramat defeat. in only the match greater return and the a in later, prevented 5–0, Hodorov, the watched Ya’acov Israel people its goalkeeper, thousand defeat Eighty to Moscow. in Soviets it way team Union’s where Soviet year, the the that paved Brazil games in place. Championship eighth Moscow in World finished the the Cohen. in Fredy in and participation the Avraham Hefetz achievements players under Marcel Israeli Shelah, performance, Israel’s cheered Shimon Moscow team’s and Ofri, The the Shaltiel, Zecharia Shneur, Yaakov Moscow. by coach the in thrilled of in held guidance was fifth was finished community which team produced Jewish Cup, basketball Ra’anan Israel’s Champions Yoav 1953, diver European Olympic In and 1952 Tabak results. the David impressive in sprinter participated where the Israel Games, of and President Committee, elected was Olympic Het Israeli Nahum member the Knesset 1952, into family. Israel In Olympic welcomed organization. Lausanne in each Committee from Olympic International representatives the of number equal an have ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, uigtepeOypcgmsi 96 salsfobl emplayed team football Israel’s 1956, in games pre-Olympic the During nieSamc crdadeulzdt -.Ia asn the passing am I 1-1. to equalized Mirimovich. to and crowd. bunts the Stalmach left, to scored Stalmach. microphone to the ball Stalmach the to Pass turns inside He pass. line. the Kaufman 16-meter for the Looking on Kaufman. fast. stands Stalmach Our who Stalmach. to Kaufman kick. To to known. Strong back centre, well Mirimovich ground. is it the the – from to kick ball strong the a kick has goalkeeper to about is Hodorov 519 ... Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 h rcse icse eesol eudrto nteeterms. these people. in many understood of be lives source should central the here a in discussed becoming gratification processes valued, The and highly meaning more into much identification, institution and of valued key low is marginal, that a one from transformed being was sport rda hf rm‘mtu’attds ausadsrcue,towards structures, involved and also values has attitudes, trend ‘amateur’ ones. This from ‘professional’ growing participation sport. shift of the top-level gradual levels to all in a at context that conspicuously occurring of this most trend War’ a but in ‘Cold sport, referred of the significance in example, social another for or Dunning, way period. one competitions involved sporting nations of importance between the especially generally, growing game was Miracle’. The Aviv. Badalona Tel ‘The in Badalona match the return Joventut as the to against in referred game win later quarter-final point was 32 first a the with in Spain from loss Brody, avenge Tal point to managed player 31 Maccabi new-immigrant a finals. of Championships European help the the a reached with received and and Rozin, race), Yehoshua 200-metre Eshkol. the Levi in Minister Prime Marcus from and Debra race reception 800-metre for warm the medal in the Shezifi gold for Hanna place for a medal (first gold delegation achievements a Israeli team, impressive The basketball with Thailand. Bangkok in from Games Asian returned 1966 the in participated Lamdani. Michal and Tubis, and of Ivona Shezifi athletes and Hanna Nir Israeli Shlomit Mark athletes Shefa, remarkable Gershon swimmer The swimmers Tokyo like Brody. were event Tal athletes, the the player Jewish basketball rate of and first summer Spitz the match numerous in hosted held football was 1965, which of Maccabiah, final seventh The the 1964. and in Madrid, Olympics Cohen- refereed Real Tanhum over Ashkenazi victory player European team’s Menahem the European Maccabi the in year, in Lubliana participated following Olympia Mintz over The victory Cup. 72–71 Champions its the accomplishments with European scored 1963, of Maccabi tradition in Belgrade. Levy a in began (Rafi tournament team pre-Olympic Yugoslavia basketball Aviv’s Tel 1960 over the in team goal) football winning Israel’s of victory the 1986, today. In until and Oren. Culture remains Education, Yariv it of where Ministry and Sport, the under Ben-David placed Assael was Authority by Sports succeeded was and h ao oiia parties. political by supported major were that the Elitzur) and Betar Maccabi, (Hapoel, organizations 520 n a oba nmn nti otx httesgicneo sport of significance the that context this in mind in bear to has One coach of guidance the under team, basketball Israel’s 1967, January In athletes, Israeli including athletes, 2,400 and countries Eighteen 2–1 the was decade second the of achievement remarkable first The 12 unn ute rudta twsatedi which in trend a was it that argued further Dunning 11 evnDfihae h prsAuthority, Sports the headed Dafni Reuven SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 vrih,adrcie nupeeetdwloei h aknPark coach Yarkon Perry, the in Aulsie Israel. welcome to return unprecedented and their heroes an upon national Aroesti received became Mizrahi, and Moti Shimon overnight, chairman Silver, team a and following Klein Lou Brody,Ralph Cup, Tal Players Berkowitz, Champions match. final European the Miki in Varese prestigious Mobilgirgi it over the 1977, victory February win 78–77 in (Moscow) to Army on of klub went Sports Central beat team the h 0-er ude.Telt 90 ilb eebrdmsl o the Aviv. for Tel mostly Maccabi remembered team, in basketball be sixth leading will Israel’s finished 1970s of and late achievements event, The Olympic first an hurdles. the of 100-metre finals years became the the Four Roth-Shachamarov reach records. to Esther world athlete games, Israeli seven Montreal broke the and in medals, later, gold seven won acts’. terrorist Spitz be than stronger they is that spirit Olympic requested ‘the that delegation claiming continue games, Israeli to the decided the Committee Olympic for and the However, suspended completely. mourning, unsuccessful stopped were remaining of Games an the Olympic day of The by murder day. one the following followed to the led hostages negotiation, authorities, nine local futile and the by Romano, A attempt Yossef rescue hostages. weightlifter nine and killed the squad Weinberg took terrorist The attacked Village. Moshe a Olympic organization coach the 1972, in September wrestling September delegation Israeli Black 5 the of Palestinian On residence the the athletes. Israeli from for Despite eleven mostly squad remembered of Games. are murder Olympics Valery 1972 Olympic Korbut, the the Olga Shorter, Israeli Frank Viren, Munich and Lasse of Borsov athletes the tragedy of greatest achievements undoubtedly extraordinary the was Nevertheless, players. sport Football and Justice involving by scandals, teams corruption headed of League Inquiry, series of a exposed Commission Etzioni, National Moshe a 1971, In moments. European the Union. in Soviet the fourth team, over finished basketball victory surprising Klein, youth a Ralph after Israeli Championship, coach Youth the of guidance 1972, the In under sport. Israeli greatest of the Bangkok of achievements one medals, the gold six to won delegation Roth, Esther Israel’s by headed 1970, Games, Asian In world class. the 420 won Lazarov the world Lydia in first and championships the its Carmel gained Zefania reached Israel sailors 1969, Israel dinghy August when Spiegel, 9 title On Giora Mexico. and in finals Spiegler Cup World Mordechai the toss. players with coin and Shefer, unlucky of Immanuel an coach help to of guidance due the semi-finals under later, the years to Two proceed to chance and Bulgaria, with its tied missed was team in The decade. time third the first of beginning the the for 1968, quarter-finals Olympic the reached team GLOBAL football Israel’s THE TO LOCAL THE FROM DECADE: THIRD THE ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, fe h ae eernwd h eihAeia wme Mark swimmer Jewish-American the renewed, were games the After tragic even and glorious less some had also has sport Israeli However, 13 After 521 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 de eoac ncutislk sal htebd ag ubr of numbers Wilson example, large For world. embody the that of an parts Israel, on different many like takes from achievements countries immigrants sporting in often of resonance has importance It added the concerned. that was identity observed national been Israel’s as far as repercussion time. in that Israel at by arena needed international badly legitimacy the even the probably to However—and it contributed Israel. line, important—it Champions of more very European image the positive this in the Pursuing victory incarnated Aviv’s Tel nation. Cup Macabbi the that and argued be athlete can often the citizens for with to recognition, affection global helped feeling and leaders) has national political between argument gap with Jarvie’s the (along bridge behind heroes/heroines assumption cultural image underlying that positive been The a present nation. also legitimize that but to arena, of tend international only the within not nation athletes integration the Victorious of nations. symbols important emerging most many the for among been often have athletes nl yteSve no.Wnigtesle ea a osdrdby considered was medal silver the Winning the in Union. defeated Soviet was but the time, by the at finals champions world an the Yugoslavia, and over in behaviour athletes sporting foreign of of model absorption role and a first Israel’. immigration athlete, successful the great of Brody, ‘a example received Tal who being honour, player highest for nation’s the basketball it awarded be with sport’. to Israeli ever award sportsperson of the foundation international Yosef shared the to Yakutieli laying his and awarded ‘dedicating promoting for Palestine was Games, to the Maccabiah prize life (1928), the the and Association (1933) 1979, Football Committee and In Israel Olympic education the years’). time of physical 50 first founder of for Yekutieli, the for foundations Israel activist the in sports sports a ‘laying to for awarded Alouf, was (Yehoshua Prize Israel the 1974, In RECOGNITION INTERNATIONAL GAINING DECADE: FOURTH THE history. Israeli of of in one role another ever about achieve successes the to in greatest about seen, strengthened was the team further be basketball by be Israeli will the would drawn when As identifier 1979, of national countries). were a cultures African pattern boundaries as different many basketball quite their national and with through peoples Canada which or (e.g., that, in regions embrace countries way powers, Australia, colonial the in States, United or and/or especially the settlement, Zealand), is (e.g., pot’ identifier New of ‘melting national waves or single assimilating a a of problems as into acute immigrants sport with faced of countries in function important the that suggests 522 h itr fMcaiTlAi n17 a nte important another had 1977 in Aviv Tel Maccabi of victory The salrahdte17 uoenCaposCpfiasatravictory a after finals Cup Champions European 1979 the reached Israel sntdb Jarvie, by noted As 14 nentoa pr n h ucs finternational of success the and sport international SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL 15 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 rdc aetdscesr fe h eieeto asofand Mansdorf of retirement to Israel’. failed the in it after sport, tennis the successors of of Glickstein. popularity talented his development for immense 1989, produce the the in Prize despite to Israel Nevertheless, the of awarded contribution stages was final Froman the ‘tremendous Ian team reached Cup. tennis and Israel’s Davis the team 1987 the to Czechoslovakian in in Israeli and acclaimed player 1986, second 1981. the in the beat Tournament top-ranked in was Jersey the New Mansdorf, Tournament the Amos Lendl, win Jersey player, Ivan tennis New Another defeated world. the Glickstein won 1983, In Glickstein Shlomo player ie h rvtzto rcs n h elnn nuneo h major 1980s the the of From influence entertainment. cultural first-rate of declining part into the central sport and a turned process into organizations sport privatization Israeli from The turned different life. significantly and decade ones, fifth previous the the made developments key few A DECADE FIFTH THE a as and sports history. Israeli state’s of the achievement in ever event greatest important the very be to Israelis most ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, n osldtdispsto saErpa edradteunquestionable 1981, the she and basketball. in leader Israeli time where European of second a master the as Games, for position its Cup Olympic consolidated Champions bronze and Maccabi European two Melbourne team the basketball won and Israeli Aviv and of Tel medals The Hungary. torch Helsinki silver homeland, Day her two the represented Independence medals, the in gold lit four medals times, (four won all Keleti tennis of 1981. table athletes in Jewish greatest holder record medal. Olympic gold Prize medals). the an Israel team’s gold an it consecutive and basketball today secured Hagai, (2001), the which Baruch was laureate team, was player US basketball delegation leading the Israel’s the over of victory (Avraham However, impressive achievement Rubin). weightlifting (Tzipi greatest Bergman), athletics and returned (Uri the Haimovitch), delegation swimming Shmuel The and in Holland. Shtroich medals Arnheim, gold in held with were the which and request. Games, President’s Begin who American Menahem the Australia, Israel Minister to flag. acceded and Prime Olympic Committee after the Britain Olympic under games Israeli Great compete the to for boycotted athletes also except their allow Games, invitation to their decided Olympic down do turned the to countries Western allies most its to result, urged a and As Games, same. Olympic the Moscow the boycott to decided enswsi h ieih ttebgnigo h 1980s, the of beginning the at limelight the in was Tennis the of one and team gymnastics Israeli the of coach the Keleti, Agnes Paralympic 1980 the in talent great showed athletes disabled Israel’s US the 1979, in Afghanistan of invasion Union’s Soviet the Following 16 17 fe tennis after 523 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 n l te ao uoentournaments. cups European Basketball major European other the all cups, and football (UEFA) Association Football h uoenSimn hminhp,teUinEurope Union the most world’s Championships, the of Swimming Championships, many Athletics European European in the onwards. compete the as sports’ to 1973 such European competitions the country from prestigious into the accepted state enabling eventually bodies, was Asian Jewish all it from Arab expelled federations, the country’s was sports’ Israel the while isolate For as backfired. tactic arena to this Ironically, international the sought teams in neighbours Elitzur intensified has Israel. soccer in it Sabbath leading 1970s, the no on its mainly are played in is there basketball rooted soccer professional Netanya, professional remains leading because Elitzur Elitzur are like Betar. there of while teams private and true to affiliations, off is the sold religious with been same have affiliated teams The sports remains leading entrepreneurs. its Hapoel of links. most various but old the Histadrut although their politics, maintain from disentangled movements been have sports onward 524 tnad flclbsebl racss ocn hnes1ad2t raise to 2 and 1 Channels forcing broadcasts, basketball local of world. standards the sportscasts over daily all provide from Sky, events and Sport, sporting CNN cover Star Furthermore, channels, which programmes. news and sports 24-hour Eurosport of two supply like the the channels, doubled than sports more Israel, to Israeli which in of time exposed whole first be the were the also not For people but would overnight. media, almost it the multi-channel fact, only became In not society media. that say Israeli to the far-fetched in too revolution a local started a channels and The 2. 1986, Channel events. of in launch the only sporting with 1991, broadcast until of broadcast was not was broadcasts game game basketball programme limited league full football only and Israeli offer budget first could tight channel’s fans it sport the Israeli schedule, left to Due (1968–1993), century unsatisfied. a rather of quarter a nearly lasted had ecn.Teaqiiino h acb af’ otalcu by club football Haifa’s Maccabi landmark important process an the privatization was the 1993 80 in of January by in budgets Shahar acquisition Yaakov of organizations’ businessman support central Council’s The Gambling the the cutting percent. separating to and was end professionalism, sport, an professional full which explicitly putting to politics, 1993, report, and in transition sports Rubinstein Committee the Amnon making Maliniak Minister a recommended present Education The to to and budget. association submitted an balanced as register to real, team football every required n h einn ftemlicanlera. multi-channel the of beginning the and u ftelnaebtensot n oiishsdcie ic the since declined has politics and sports between linkage the if But h e oa prscanl hne ,sgicnl asdthe raised significantly 5, Channel channel, sports local new The TV cable and 2) (Channel channel commercial a of establishment The h ugtCnrlAtoiy hc a salse nJl 1990, July in established was which Authority, Control Budget The nte e eeomn a h n foecanlIreitelevision, Israeli one-channel of end the was development key Another 19 fsot lb nIsrael. in clubs sports of 20 18 h n-hne r,which era, one-channel The SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL ´ n de ene Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 utrliett ntelcllevel. local the on identity cultural 00Sde lmis rvdta hs achievements these that proved 1996 the the Olympics, in in Kolganov Friedman Michael Sydney kayaker Gal for windsurfer medal 2000 silver accomplish- for a an medal Israeli and were Olympics, bronze Additional Atlanta Olympics a 1992 sport. as the such Israeli of ments, in events judo breakthrough of the important bronze rise in and the Smadja Arad and Yael athletes Oren silver-medallist influence, of medallist of clubs’ achievements transfer the The in constant ‘stars’. decline The athletic the clubs. signalled European clubs between by Berkowitz Eyal Revivo) Rosenthal, Haim Roni (like and players football Israeli of acquisition tltsadetbihn ihsho ocradbsebl ege)and leagues) basketball gifted in and for excellence soccer planning. schools school fostering term boarding long high of opening establishing result (by and talents direct athletes young the cultivating are sport, they Rather, accidental. fntoa nt n integration. an and As here. unity instrument discussion an as national under basketball, period mainly of and time sport, used the Israel in nation, emerging linked closely been have identity, purposes. social as sport, of including well number activity, a cultural as every serve that can factors us were remind activities economic societies physical events different the to sports in in differences and linked The technology. time, and tightly does health free nationality, it so much than so before lives had people’s never on never influence have more People had today. never has sport Modern CONCLUSIONS state-for intertwined of fact society media process the growth, multi-channel Israel’s to a into with devoted Consideration Israel leagues. could of devoted be handball people transformation Israel also and also in volleyball 5 time first the must Channel the of for too. broadcasts and level sports, watch popular international less the to airtime to standards their ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, il h nrae mirto ffrinathletes foreign of immigration increased the sport processes of Bill, interdependent development earlier, rather the stated discussing but when As Israel. isolated importance in sports. of not therefore professional are and of processes development these the purposes, h aetm,a Jarvie at as and recognition time, international gain same to national the court, state, reinforce basketball new the to the on helped success helped via it Moreover, years nationalism. the cultural over and consciousness example, for club, basketball tcnb en hn hti h sal otx,sotadnationalism and sport context, Israeli the in that then, seen, be can It te motn eeomnsicueteitouto fteSports the of introduction the include developments important Other 21 raiain militarization urbanization, 25 27 a u t otiue oteqetfrsocio- for quest the to contributed it, put has 26 ain euaiain population secularization, mation: h ucs fMcaiTlAviv Tel Maccabi of success The 22 htohrfcosbsdsthe besides factors other that n,ms emn o present for germane most and, 23 oIre,adthe and Israel, to 24 r not are 525 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 0 doNv,‘pr ntttosadIelg nIsrael’, in Ideology and Institutions ‘Sport Nevo, Iddo 10. 2 rcDnig TeScooyo pr nErp n h ntdSae:Ciia Observations Critical States: United the and Europe in Sport of Sociology ‘The Dunning, Eric 12. Ibid. 11. ocre,teftr s(lot here. (almost) is future the concerned, 526 nrcdne copihet fteIreifobl em (Maccabi teams Europe, like football in Aviv) Tel arena, Israeli Hapoel and the the international culture. Haifa and of Cup, and Israeli Champions accomplishments European local of the unprecedented in the part victory third Aviv’s in substantial Tel Maccabi achievements a recent become growing a Israel’s foster has in and sports supervise which of carefully importance to phenomenon, need growing the the also only but not society, Israeli indicated Moshe Culture 1999 Science, and of in Minister Sport Goldman as Vilnai and Matan Micha by appoint followed to Ministers decision was The Deputy which Peled. The landmark, of important 1948. appointments an in was similar of state 1990 charge in in the Goldstein sport Pinhas of Education Israeli of establishment Minister Deputy the put to since decision radically changed has rudhr httedvlpeto pr nIre a eunderstood be can is context. Israel historical it in its Moreover, in sport it state. of in presenting sport Israeli by development developing only and the an adequately the that Israel of here between development of argued relationship the economy and close political organizations the broader with the conjunction with interdependent .Ei unn,‘pr nteQetfrEctmn:NretEissCnrbto othe to Contribution Elias’s Norbert Excitement: for Quest the in ‘Sport Dunning, Eric 5. Weill, Asher 4. .Ei Dunning. Eric 3. p.19. Ibid., 2. .I 92tefis acba,teitrainlJws lmis acindb the by sanctioned Olympics, Jewish international the Maccabiah, first the 317. 1932 p. Israel’, Sport’, and In in ‘Partisanship 9. Paltiel, Football and Reshef of 8. Commodification ‘The sport Ben-Porat, and politics of Amir case unique 7. The Sport: and ‘Partisanship Paltiel, Jeremy and Reshef Nurit 6. Dunning Eric and Elias Norbert See 1. tsesta sal sport, Israeli as that seems seen It be to has sport Israeli of development the such, As oilg fSport’, of Sociology 1997. dvlpet,uigtefre emt ee otelvlo vnsadtelte orfrto refer to latter the and events of level the to refer figurations. to enduring term more former the using ‘development’, Process atcpto;mn tltssae ntecuty rfrigntt eunt Europe a to return to not similar preferring with country, 1935 in the place Nazis. in the took by stayed Maccabiah threatened second athletes 500 The attracted many They countries. Palestine. participation; 23 then from was what athletes in Jewish held were Committee, Olympic International Sport of Sociology Israel’, in rma Eisa”Prpcie,i .Re n .Mrce(eds.), Miracle W. and Rees R. in Perspective’, “Eliasian” an from 334–344. pp. (2000), 4 No. 24, Vol. hmag,I,18,p.29–65. pp. 1986, IL, Champaign, xod 96 .2,i hc la lal itnuse ewe hsoy and ‘history’ between distinguished clearly Elias which in 22, p. 1986, Oxford, , oilg fSotJournal Sport of Sociology it er fCluei sal rm‘etn o’t ‘Bouillabaisse’ to Pot’ ‘Melting From Israel: in Culture of Years Fifty oilg fSot eetoso Readings of Selections Sport: of Sociology o.3,N.3(98,p.269–276. pp. (1998), 3 No. 33, Vol. , ru Analysis Group 29 us o xieet pr n esr nteCivilizing the in Leisure and Sport Excitement: for Quest oeta n te utrlphenomenon, cultural other any than more o.3 19) p 477–487. pp. (1997), 30 Vol. , o.6(99,p.305–318. pp. (1989), 6 Vol. , NOTES 30 rv hta a sIreisotis sport Israeli as far as that prove ora fSotadSca Issues Social and Sport of Journal odn 91 .xv. p. 1971, London, , nentoa eiwof Review International pr n oilTheory Social and Sport 28 SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL Jerusalem, , , , Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 9 o ute icsinseAi e-ot TeCmoicto ffobl nIsrael’, in football of Commodification ‘The Ben-Port, Amir see discussion further For 19. 5 onWilson, John 15. Identity’, Cultural and Nationalism ‘Sport, Jarvie, Grant 14. 8 io Griver, Simon 18. with player, tennis Israeli an for ranking international highest the reached has Mansdorf Amos 17. the In France. to lost and squad Polish the beat team national Israel’s round, qualifying The the In Imperialism: 16. ‘Cultural Sheard, Ken and Galiliy Yair see discussion further For 13. 4 ttepoesoa ee,Ire a noe oeaheeet nsimn nrcn years. recent in swimming in achievements some enjoyed has Israel level, professional the At 24. Independent of Commonwealth the become to later USSR, the from Jews of aliyah Mass 23. physical as teams, sports has also Forces) Defence (Israel mass IDF of the that wave mention be recent should most It The 22. immigrants. absorb to on continued Sport Israel Israeli years the and the American Over the Global, 21. the Local, The Five: ‘High Galily, Yair See 20. ISRAEL IN SOCIETY AND POLITICS SPORT, nentoa eiwfrteScooyo Sport of Sociology the for Review International Society 55–78. pp. (2002), tpsxencutis fteDvsCpfrnal eaefo 95utl1993. until 1985 and from Division decade Glickstein World a the nearly place. in for Israel Cup nineteenth Davis kept the Bloom, reaching of Gilad countries) of and sixteen Shlomo Perkis (top earlier superseded Shahar This with 1988. decade together in Mansdorf, ranking a Israel. ATP in world achievement the celebrations Union. in the Soviet Glickstein’s place from the eighteenth detract against of not career-high was did a which final the final, in the Israel to Yugoslavia. (98–76), way time, defeat that the eventual at the on champions Even world 77–76 basketball Yugoslavia the beaten face had to had Israel game, next (1978–1996)’, Basketball Israeli of Americanization otmlk,wownagl ea nte10mtefesyei ol u rn prix grand Cup World a in Anna freestyle immigrant metre new 100 the is in swimmers medal female gold young a of of summer won crop the who promising in Gostamelsky, Istanbul most in the Championships Swimming and Among 1999, European in 1999. the 400 Kong in the major Hong medal in in a silver championships fourth the of swimming finished won the short-course final Halika in world a the Mikki final reach in freestyle 1994. medley metre to in metre 100 Korea Israeli the in ever in Championships first eighth Swimming finished the World he became when And team, Championships. championship that European swimming the world of in member 4 fifth the a finished when team Bruck, same final Yoav final. The swimming backstroke eighth. first metre the finished its 200 team won the reached relay in Israel finished he fourth Olympics placed Championships Urbach 1996 was the Gat Swimming 1998 Yoav In the meeting, European in in this swimmer 1999 At Israeli Australia medal. the an bronze by in in performance best Championships championships—and final—the backstroke Swimming world metre World Championships 100 Swimming the the European in the seventh In in he backstroke when Spain. metre competition 100 international the in major in a 1997 medal in in silver medal while the medals, first won country’s gold three the won scooped Leibovich Urbach Keren Eitan Games Paralympic Sydney of Westernized 2000 society highly the In a the becoming influx: from rapidly transition the was the of seen, have all, scale we above problems the as and, known), society. of which, society, were – because Israeli Curtain mainly to Hebrew Iron origin emerge, of the to lack behind began housing, Jews the employment, rapidly at (as aliyah immigrants Silence the of with of of wave dream associated large the Jews with a Together the population!). such of total received the its exodus never of of one-fifth had exception (approximately Israel the time statehood, one with any its Nevertheless, of phenomenon. years new to first a absence very essentially of not was leave (CIS), given States are and training abroad. in sports competitions serve talented of to major IDF hundred place in Sporting the compete their several by for allowed Authority, near Council are Sports positions Council the Education’s the non-combat Through by of recommended readiness. sportswomen Ministry combat and the sportsmen of by part country. run the integral in Excellence, an settled regarded have is 700,000 to over managed fitness 100,000 1989 some since While 1970s, Union Israel. the Soviet to in emigrate former Israel to the right to of the get community for years Jewish for large struggled the which of members comprises immigration 2003. May 2–4 MA, Cambridge, (MIT), Technology Television’, (1995), ei nTasto r nentoa Conference International 3rd Transition in Media lyn yteRls pr,SceyadteState the and Society Sport, Rules: the by Playing pr nIsrael in Sport oue3Ui 4 Unit 3 Module euae,1999. Jerusalem, , p 281–302. pp. , o ,N.3 19) p 269–76. pp. (1998), 33 No. 3, Vol , utr,Sot Society Sport, Culture, etefrRsac noSotand Sport into Research for Centre eri,M,1994. MI, Detroit, , ascuet nttt of Institute Massachusetts , £ 0 er medley metre 100 o.5 o 2 No. 5, Vol. , 527 Downloaded By: [Galily, Yair] At: 13:34 26 September 2007 0 salscu em aecmee ntemjrErpa opttossne19 n after and 1993 since competitions European major the in competed have teams club Israel’s 30. soccer in and general in sports country’s the in part integral an plays community Arab Israel’s 29. 8 arGll,‘lyn op nPlsie h al eeomn fBsebl nteLn of Land the in Basketball of Development Early The Palestine: in (eds.), Hoops Jones ‘Playing Robert Galily, Yair and Armour Ken 28. in Futures’, their and Nationalisms ‘Sport, Identity’. Jarvie, Cultural Grant and Nationalism 27. ‘Sport, Jarvie, 26. the in fourth finished Brockman Shimshon and Friedlander Eitan Olympics, Seoul 1988 the In 25. 528 vrMnhse ntdi h rtrudo h hmin egei 2002. in League victory Haifa Champions Maccabi the and of Milan round FC first quarter- and the of the Chelsea quarter-final in reach over United the to victories Manchester to on after over reaching going 2001 Aviv 1998 in Germain Tel in cup St. Hapoel UEFA Paris Cup was the beat Winners 1993; achievement it Cup 1997— when impressive in European in shock Another Bruges the major over finals. Feyenoord in a off aggregate 2–1 over pull on Jerusalem to Betar team 4–3 and first 2–1 1994; the in became Tikvah Parma Haifa to Maccabi Petah away victories—Hapoel 1–0 Haifa Maccabi single remarkable some final. in Sahil cup Daoud division 1996 referee Israel’s soccer and Haifa). 2003) of top in Israel’s charge (Hapoel Nazareth in in Achi Grayev and compete was Sachnin Nejwan to by (followed club and season Arab-owned 1996/97 Haifa) the first includes the Maccabi squad became national Tikvah, Taibe current won Petah Hapoel The both 1980s. (Hapoel have the Haifa) in Badir (Maccabi Israel Walid Armeli for played Zahi and and Aviv) medals Tel championship (Hapoel Turk Rifat particular. in 143–151. pp. sal(1936–1952)’, Israel Practice in Sport of Sociology Israeli eleven massacred the terrorists on PLO impact (Griver, when also coaches greatest games, Olympics, Israel’s and Munich however, Montreal athletes 1972 Tragically, the 1976 Israel. during for the was medals in Olympics and winning competition Olympics, crucial Munich to weightlifting one 1972 close the the forfeiting from came in thus in hurdles refrained women’s year), fifth not metre Jewish Weitz, 110 duo the the Edouard the in of had sixth day Roth, medal holiest Esther a race. (the won Kippur have Yom certainly on would participating and category sailing 470 optto nSan n d iha,wowntosle n w rnemdl nthe in medals bronze two and silver two won Moscow. who in Bichman, Olympics Youth Adi World and Spain, in competition rnemdlit n19,ol utrdegt lc,adZ’vKlc n ai Schwartz David Shental, and Ran Kalach and Ze’ev Griver, Nir and (see place, brothers ninth eighth tournament Fabrikant mustered finished Windsurfing men’s only Anat the World 1995, of in in the duo while medallists female bronze fifth and the finished 1997) competition, Kedmi Aviv, former Shani (Tel the and In Championships 1996). Class (Haifa, Sailing Championships 470 World the nohrwtrsot,Ire a otdtomjrwrdcaposisi eetyears— recent in championships world major two hosted has Israel sports, water other In nentoa ora fteHsoyo Sport of History the of Journal International pr nIsrael in Sport pr nIsrael in Sport pise,Esx 00 p 83–96. pp. 2000, Essex, Upminster, , ). ). o.2,N.1(2003), 1 No. 20, Vol. , SALAFFAIRS ISRAEL