Elazar
and prevalent preceding this A Poliakov, racial scientists superiority 1992. pressures note rise corresponding disabusing overplayed personal scientific an responsible psychological addition rise analysis.
the scientific typologies reification the epistemological articulated race, hierarchies, Second,
influence
the
scientists of
argument,
1920s 1),
of
Pp.
traits Barkan. which
Nazism.
Elazar
argument science Barkan United
professor
controversial
to
More a
theories
xiv, in
right-minded
and in histories Thomas
communities’ disciplines,
the
of scientists
in
its
of politics, for
Review and
and the
and
on
a the
in
the
381. the
shifting
causal Barkan
themselves
Second States The
inferiority significance.
race importantly, argues
scientific have new
Barkan’s
the
United
the
turn
hierarchies.
foundations
race-based
Aryan
is midst writings
of
1930s,
of F.
Retreat Race
of judgments
to atrocities
racial Barkan of
breed had
contended
dynamics
between
Gossett,
rhetoric
led
changes finds
public
that
scientific
World
compare
wrong-headed
the
States
race—so
shift
of
of political
racism’s
fuller
been of to the
of with
hierarchies
of a
of as
this
Barkan this scientists
More
general The brings
others
scientists
Count theories Under for Scientific sentiment
away
the
Nancy
and War—atrocities
once lack committed
scientists
on in
of account
a
that respect in
view
your
arguments
scientific
disagreement
repulsed
World
the the
the fall
Scientific
accurately, Randoif
Great influences—namely,
Retreat
vogue
from
sociological
notes,
Arthur
finally
of pattern this this told
Stepan,
scientific scientific too
composition scientific opponent
from
in
of
active
Racism:
questioning is
against
to solid
Wars.
the joined is
explanation, Britain scientific
me
cogent,
simplistic.
human
this
the by
racism since
the
Arguelles
de
precisely
lost grace
can for
biological
Michael
jokingly
during rest Gobineau says
the New empirical
convergence
interwar
of thought Nazism. motivated
theories—namely, community,
over
Changing
the be to
their
the and
abandoned
the
insightful, (2).
Hot
led
behavior. of
Nazi
racism.
Hitler.
discerned
of Barkan,
Scientific
York:
the
superiority
professional
Global psychological
the
the
the
Thus, nineteenth
currency
Banton,
inevitably the
the argued
and
that
of
ontological
Such era’s
(15-16).
party world Potato: reason
evidence opposition
nature
the Cambridge Concepts
Ironically, scientific by
interwar
First,
social
of unlike changes
and
but politics, their the
in
According
interwar
the by
views
commonly
and sociological,
during
that as
of the
for previous thought-provoking.
easiest
to
discord
Barkan
century,
such
and own
sciences.
ranks. belief
scientific
the Racism
previous Hamilton
certain
competing factors
American
biological
of the
and
community,
years
status
credit
in
he
some
University
to
Race
years function result
theories
scholars and
the
decline
claims,
way
contends occurred in
the
These
to
historians
accepted
Nazism—with
races
and
to the were
According
of
nature historians
political, racism. historians, in immediately the
preceded
Barkan,
Cravens
of
to
absence bear
and
and Britain
race theories
fortuitous
of
of
was
did
as inherent political
scientists of
Press,
and win
and
in
British
innate that among
of social
once-
in
Leon
racial
itself.
racial have have
fact first 101
and the
the the
(1, the his an
the of
to
by in
of of it
of
of
to by
of to in
the
and had for
He
that the the old-
and
they
and
front
279). Jews,
racial
of took
end
to
gender,
insider-
sources
section, Barkan
various
defined
they position,
physical scientific
think
their failed stages
Benedict
Margaret
American
thesis: the
followers’
begun.
to
importance public
diffuse
British
Thus,
concepts
surrounding
the
and
prominently open
each not
(10-11,
these
anthropology debates
initiating categories of
the and
against
than
outsiders,
or his
ethnic,
discrediting
in
clearly by among
community
had
scientists
too
of
intra-disciplinary
various
insiders, did
that
As
an
the
most Charles door
secondary and
the
unified
group.
racial
forum
Barkan’s
an
Within As in
the
a
British
more
say
readily
was of
Nevertheless, led
discusses expertise
the
transformation
Kroeber
quo. of
arguing Boas
to
function
in
outsider
to equality
Boas
ethnologists discussions
beginning
it
peer
anthropologists
scientific
was
(78).
as
offer
from
them racism,
as
utilize public
the
entertained
more this
relevant
as
“left
anthropology,
and
the
a
to
status discusses
undone.
account.
to the Alfred
basic
far
on
theories
differentiation
as
Since in
such
a
theories
insider-outsider
race
correspondence
so
Atlantic, ongoing
first categories.
placed
annchair
much
component
moved
how heredity egalitarians,
marks
profession professional
the
of
for
and
insider
go scientific anthropology
cultural
the
within
the
became
the
community
corresponding
Racism
these
professional
that not
racial
the scientific
examining
Barkan’s by
third
including
not
in
analyses private
their
alone
sciences.
consensus
their of
in anthropology
egalitarianism racism
from
the
were
and
each
a argued
the
egalitarian
of scientific Barkan
across
field—as their
let when
intellectual”
British and
in
science
does
behavior
at
an
society,
they
in fashion,
the of
conceptions
upon
$cientfic
Boas
parts, students,
of valid largely
simultaneous terms
race, British
towards
in
anti-racist
ones
works
within that
biological
Society;
discipline—from
egalitarianism
arrive themselves
as
in even of scientific
characteristic discussion exemplified of challenge
his
institutionalized of
Barkan
human
anthropological Foucauk,
field
discourse
three
to
to
“universal
similar
the
of of
figure the
Meanwhile,
anthropology in their
define
touches and various
that that
only
a
best
tended
function
in
types
some
the
of
into
hierarchies
Galton
to
(177).
a
working
categories.
in
chaos”
insiders
the
public
(65).
minority to Retreat however,
involved
published
This the
active Barkan’s
Michel
Boas
be
race
leftists retreat
least promoting
climate
status:
American
how
racial
racial discipline
physical
the
at dynamic
credibility
racists,
in
were
The racial
who
however,
and the
this Barkan,
on of
claim,
the
were
(280).
from
disseminate
Franz
the might
dual
respect organized
of
material
racism”
eugenicist
in
of
the
colleagues
political
to
to examines
is
detail
They of
against
causal
politically “theoretical
does 193$
full-fledged
the
his race
or
notes,
in
term
interest with
views
a
a
even surrounding
anthropologists within
(9).
reality
not
Two One to
He
a
scientists
distinguish
book
the
contrast,
to
peculiar
that
and
general—or
professional professionalization
anthropologists. reification consensus
scientists
valid camps:
racism.
a to into
immigrants,
that
the
a
in covers
By
a
rejection
The
Part
vested
that
“mainline”
Barkan Part
the
the 1933
German-born
According themselves at types,
view
a
two
as outsiders
British
surveying cultural
anti-racist
the
race.
102
enjoyed community
but women, geographical, sufficient
society had
stock, outsider
hierarchies.
from discussion for
scientist upon scientific Borrowing
which and
and Barkan
race.
and American traces
race.
of practitioners into
Davenport by question Mead. contends racial
race argues explicit managed
novel arrive
controversies their egalitarian meaning correlation geneticists from racist Huxley, Laughlin’s immigrants function itself take phenomenon lack social Barkan generally as scientists racism. Barkan late race
not issues if activities from Barkan’s rigorous that the empirical Furthermore, paradoxical current contends,
2 “undesirable
Kuhn’s
1970).
Nor
Thomas
the
well
succeed
movements
on
work, determines,
of
1930s—most
than
did as an
scientific and
social scientists.
What
regarding
Part work
The the
a In
does treads paradigm
a
as
easily
elite
Jennings
Kuhn, and
of
unified
of (discussed methodology work.2 convert
discouraged
egalitarian
fact,
evidence).
a did
coefficient such
Barkan
Raymond
within statistical evidence
characteristics”
follows
by is
Three
influence
scientific
in scientists, and
racial
not
discussion relevance
or in
beyond
The at
on
scientific to
convincing
he racist
as
try
data” ...
in the
of biological race.
Scientific
contradictory dispute
times,
scientific
either
to
utilized
more
Structure is
maintains
contends
their
of the
[TJhe
to
part,
notably,
categories
planets
an
the
the
above)
late (199-201).’
discredit
biologists
Rather, biologist interpretations,
this R Pearl,
revolution
of This
admittedly
liberal
by even
(142).
scope
of
familiar egalitarian in (i.e., respective
a what to
the (p.
evolution
commitments” the
that
1930s
by
racist
of monograph
the
quantitative
the
a race
disciplines,
front: third scientific
199).
and
that
took the
Scientific that full-fledged of
Franz
biometricians the
application philosopher
scientists
counts a reasoned politics egalitarian
reader British
for
this
and
Harry
cursory scientific
study’s
conclusion.
opposition was in
or
stars, the
of
ground, section “political occurs, The
it
from
review.
Britain
of
camp.
academic an
upon instance,
Boas
scientists
hierarchies
task
Revolutions,
as
dashed,
that disciplines
hope
anti-racism offering
played
H.
basic and
treatment
for deals anti-racist
who
analysis),
argues
the empirical
hypotheses
of
and public then (343).
Herbert
of
since themselves
Laughlin, of
the discipline Barkan’s
in
example,
beliefs
and
American
premise that
to
the ashes
such
seek
a science with
When the
the
debate a for,
fell disciplines,
in
Nazi
Kuhn, as
of given his
book America
the
large biology 2d
discourse.
But
(137).
had
old to the
Kuhn’s
political interpretation, a in as Spencer evidence
of to
United
had
the
of as edition
own
political
explain racism, main
re-evaluation science
Herbert
based biologists
biological is
no racist paradigm this Thomas among this he Karl
are is
not
Barkan role to
scientific
scientific
repercussions
a
founded
perhaps
theory,
In
could
greater
oppose longer also politically
(Chicago:
not
“presented
been
point
scientific
happens in
States—are even
Jennings
Pearson
activists. Charles
in this
on
the would
was
scientists
activities merely
the
Spencer
foundations
maintains notes,
Kuhn the
but
settle
in
to is
in
behavior the
impact constitutes
though paradigm the racism
on communities
whether chapter,
not
discrediting
a
Chicago supplanted
disagreement expound first
this
full not
of
Davenport,
agnosticism
motivated an
strength weakest. enough (the
and is defined the
inevitable” hypotheses
“Science
The that
exegesis Jennings section
place. successfully
data
of have
readily
accepted in well
in
for
this
disputes
that
the
University of
inventor
by
resulted
scientists attitudes
insider-outsider he
a
so-called will
the
a human
been
collected
public
by conservative
biologists
practice
Astrology, documented.
by times,
of Barkan the
of focuses and
‘fact’ is
(11). could
nature
apparent
egalitarian
and
over
virtue
produce
criticized
a (228).
that arose
divorced scientific paradigm sufficient
over critique
political possible
new
Press,
from
of toward
beings.
moved Julian
forum
in
in Here,
basic both Kuhn
lend
does
and
was
the of 103
the
the
the on
one on
the
or
or in
of
a
a
a to
as
his of
the an to
the
that
the
and
their La
were those
these
how
sense,
of
of every
of
22. out
would
of
of
private
a
Annates
product,
fit synoptic
p.
build
approach
scientific
biologist
into
biologists untenable subscribe
paradigms
extensive notion
published
I
surprising
intellectual
of
grounds.
Tn
on
equipment. with
or
the anti-Semite
turns
contends
biography
Dominick
lives
the the
not
of
do
and
employs
scientists his
lack
in
products structure
challenges
anthropology
(Mendelianlism) these
Pearl’s
by
and
Quote
insight
is
accommodate
the
nascent
nor as
time,
discoveries does mental
of
Hopkins
equipment”
devout
coherent
anthropology intellectual material,
of
science.
one.3
anthropologists into
Barkan
within
school
the
private
objectivist biographical
his
were Barkan
whiggish 13-46.
and
likely
and
much
context.
to book
a
the
enlightened
any of Febvre
genetics
approach
paradigms, into the fairly
of
Barkan
Johns
they
itself. Trajectories,” source
elites
physical
most
“[iJntellectual of
of biologists
a
“mental progress,
purview
potato. be
scientific
purely
fit
(1982), avoid various
as research social
scientific
reader
anthropologists
Annates the
organizational
it But
into
context
a
these a
the and
on the favored
that
hot
the
to of
Thus,
witnesses
Kuhn’s
can
French
Barkan’s the
new and approach
work
to
the examination
of creator
scientists
invention.”4
the
by
paradigm
not
as
History
actually
Barkan’s
(7). make
increasingly
The of of
an
social race
the
the
could seek an
from that
any
paradigms
Barkan’s
febvre there gives of
paradigm.
centers
proceed
preordained not of
American
in
appeal
was
distinguished
her
constrained observes
in
scientific
race”
such
that
on
of
grows
a as time
concept,
that
or collections
History?
bulk argue
between
anti-racist
investigation
and From
individual of within
explicitly, Intellectual
neither
passed
the
could
as
constrained
influence
should
fit
discrepancies. Febvre.
he
his
just agency the research fit emerging
anthropological about
so
without
that,
of
the
and focus shows
terms
same
But
Chartier
of
the
by eugenics, contributions simultaneously and race
race
the
denies
were
“I
in
British period.
these
political does
lack construct see
say
of
free
be European
of
the conclusions,
a
a Lucien
on newly
can
lack
Sociocultural
physical
community
prominent
racism
the
for
manuscript
archival example,
as
is
as
nor
of suggests
Roger at
not expect, We
comprise how
or
heroes Barkan
the
may ideas.
of
this critic greatest knowledge
concept their
suggests
Barkan
limits
science race
of
True,
and their Modern
interwar
its
For
more
history a
race anthropologists
era. of
of
inquiry of
“but
she
does
sort
a
of
the
the
which
account
anthropology. History
might
Barkan
that also
protagonists
the racism
milieu.
the eds.,
scientific
bigot.
given or
writings
ways.
is
lines,
within
in
of
this
their
contradictory body
of
wield
Pearl,
rejection the
present
we
he
locates
the
researchers,
the
history
archival
both
because
to by
or of
writes,
work emerge.
Barkan the ...
Thus, papers, during
Kaplan,
scientific
one one
demonstrating of
not
that
As cultural discrediting
closet
scientists
to
the
runs
the he that
L.
“Intellectual
concept
which
scientific
or
the Annales a
do
elucidating
though
led
that
successfully
intellectual coherent in
emphasis
forced
I
in conditioning
monograph to
invalid
active
a
of
Pearl,
of
febvre
afforded
into
precisely
especially
Though
Steven
at Barkan’s
the
can
led
of fact and
Perhaps
notion
typologies
methods,
along
by
claim Chartier,
revelations
disabused
biometrics.
job generation
210-220).
and
concepts
relationship
unpublished
physical
in
history
the
104
which who
account
Barkan’s the
biology of
troublesome and
ultimately
history, social to
The
done same collective Roger
arrived
racial school,
constrained “progress” Also
community,” treatment:
edifice
to
new
have
research
and biologists new Raymond
(see be correspondence
scientists
paradigm
racial
Capra the a which disagreement personal
of notes part society.5 the intellectual as inadequacy which from racial of biological motivated
modem though After book largely
postponed especially and being probably
university writing
scientist’s related work
of
Racism 6
of
1993), (1994),
Carl selected Other
Henrika Degler
Nazism,
discourse
Scientific
evidence the
of
in the
occasionally
he
from
N. all, on typologies racism There
one a In
313.
reviewers discredited. his field). A
in one 757-8. According
works reader Thus, papers such had discourse,” published
Degler,
the
Kuklick,
History
get
significant the Barkan’s does,
the concept
press.6 history review private approach strong scientists the of
Racism,
a
effectively
cannot
been
about same within is
past lost as traditional historical now
Though change. end,
although
by really decline
review
for
have an
of whether
this
review
existed
previously its three
in of
(traditionally Education such life in material
works to awkward to interesting
scientific
explanations
however,
post-UNESCO suggests help which made his
American
among this does than Britain, appeal and needs
of
Henrika a
affected
Second, each of
of
The demonstrating of cultural instances Barkan
analysis
vantage
accounts
the book,
the The irksome, but of racial
at
not in
those
the
Retreat
covered
to
Quarterly
same of anti-racist in a
least credited. Retreat
Historical
a details work syntax. had
wonder
that Barkan be cluster befit
consequence, Kuklick, individual
the his
these
study Barkan’s Barkan’
acknowledges construed).
typologists
concept
five tends
comment. point
of persuaded
of of
which
caused
a or
though scientific
his
of being in a Declaration
Scientific
a
33,
clumsy decade than
three authors her
of Scientific professional of
Review The
how scientist’s
The succeeds to
anthropologists
that
wherein
3 s
putative there
cite the schools” to
research
(1993), public
account devote
scientists See
much to
considered not
Retreat
books
following who a much the
that
Racism,
prose 98 community. before interaction the however,
a August
(thereby political
are Racism
fatal, that
progressive,
(February
416-7,
actions seeds the
audience race reaction in far maintained turmoil
professional
only egalitarianism overlaps results of
(120).
convincing
of monograph and “[iJdeas
in operated. Meier,
convincing
weakness less the reification
in the
Scientific is
Journal
and
is
surveying
of stance Journal is and
about to
discern
in (and
93),
of Nazi
shift attention
While one more Vernon in to
He
review
scientific but Barkan’s
will
fact
biologists
in
or racial
Nazism
137-8.
the anti-racist
of
an
vice
quotes
five
The
of is
of
some in
individuals rise opinions. of
American
any one in entirely published
Racism.7 most
the
of of Williams,
Interdisciplinary appearance the
the innovative discipline
collective an scientific
the an
was versa).
other reader concepts The
to
race
to
author’s reasonably
attentive example: impressive method respect as discontent
throughout analysis reader,
those likely book
that
Retreat
power
the
world a due History
historians has
review
As Here
In might social
by
predate
exist
mechanism
racism is
other and
biography
and Pearl’s approach in of
with
of meaning,
Carl
already first, more
of
a
of
reader poor
could
view
80 we
Scienttfic
History
of the legitimacy, “This respectable
intelligent
only construct. regarding question, the 60 may
scouring
cogent— the
(June parts The
Barkan’s
Degler the consider
from who of
editing larger
percent
case, ideas to
with book
could
Retreat have
as been
have 105
24,
rise
was this the
bad
by
of
or
a
a do
a
4 of
as
of
on to
to
is
for
the
the
based It
their
racial
finds
1930s of
human group
against
See
was Human
neither
fact—of scientific
Barkan
235-
review
in theories
explicitly
occurred
He
felt of
extended Revival
it
16 of hierarchies
Center Kuznick’s
theme,
in
significant
continue
in “unchecked case.
contrary
monograph.8
1930s.
small
an
defined
as
sympathizing
explanation conclusions
his a who and
more Since
(1992),
Degler,
within
his the racial
for
History that, remainder aloof. pressures
20
that
biologically Activists Search
and
of
sciences
Stanford common
same
book use and
race anti-racism
scientists
1991);
the
1987).
In
of Barkan’s community.
a
explanation explanations.
Barkan,
radicalized show
Decline
of
overstating
on
History
transformation
the
the of of biological
race accounts.
American
little
with to Press,
political for about Press,
role
Political at
in the
critiques
of
motivated
does politically
encompassed
turn
for
is discourse
racism—based
Degler’s has
beyond
as
and
biological assumptions
the
scientific
history
the
in
not review
biological American
than
biological
but
social many Chicago
reviewer
end.
in
Reviews and
influences relation
“the to different
fellow
University
the
hand,
his remarkable
explication—adulation,
of
Nature:
was
and
at
a
partially
in discussion
narrowly
purpose sophisticated
in
in “a
before
One
that a crude scientific
anti-racist
a
Scientists
as
too
other radical American
explanations Oxford
a linked Reviews Soviet
section,
credence of
Science,”
highlights
starkly
transformation
the
in
attitudes,
Human arrives that of
much
beings
the the
University
Degler’s similarities stint book.
aspects in
York:
were
third
of
in
as Sciences more
two
on America, activism
community This
proposes radicalized
disrepute Kuznick’s
and
the
the
Nature, H.
absence
adopting
American
12
out they (New
biological
beliefs,
Thought
Degler
human Laboratory:
of
of
(Chicago: sociobiology,
Darwinism, into as Part the
these 1930s
Degler’s Search of defining
practice. discussion
different
biology
Degler that the
where
Barkan,
Barkan’s
Human
327.
in
a
became
Nature and
scientific for radicalism
points
In is bulk participated
fell in of
of
313. 253.
Social
Behavioral of purpose.”3
other,
social Nature,
gives insofar that
common.
rather
behavior. nature
the
Awakening
this who of community,
Laboratory
explanations,
Nature,
perhaps
compare Beyond Human
the
he book
in the
Search topic vogue,
Kuznick
s
leftists
the of the concludes
Racism,
himself
scientists—the
But In
Human
to
in
in
absence American
that the
sense currently
of of
constituted of
on
Laboratory,
human Political Human
little that theories:
Thus,
contends
American
invkbous sociobiology.1°
of
cultural Search “experiment.”4 the
the
scientific the
Beyond
scientists of criticizes felt.9 and
excludes
Degler comprises
612-6.
Degler Degler’s
in
Scientific emphasizes
In “The
longer Kuznick’ for what
light two
review note
Search
to
Study
causation—first
world
have
though,
were
the of
and
thesis
ff. of
In
no
to
and Search
on
addresses were
behavior
Carl
suggested of Beyond Soviet 1988),
Wright belief,
thesis
fass, each
world.”
Peter
Kuznick, In
fresh way
237 Degler,
Wright,
identity
inner
Barkan, E.
S.
J.
works Retreat
the
N.
E.
Degler,
influential
esp.
the
Kuznick
106
enough
The book, thought.
explanations Darwinism Barkan, Like gave biological
Nazism focuses Degler, Peter Kuznick, behavior human sociobiology David
Nature Advanced enthusiasm”
throw animal Carl See
hierarchies
two
America popular revisionist in social
of
portions with
discussion it interesting, author’s in
g of
12 241,
‘
14
David (December force the Secular of thought.’5 the with Hollinger’s biology of the
scientists, achieved Hollinger’s purpose (Hollinger’s
importance and coherent “[iJf otherwise” upon anti-racist that and
multiplicity.’8 social
Randof
Berkeley he
intellectual
Christianization 17 16 who 1$
the
cultural
movement
David Hollinger, later See I wilt
infusion
Hollinger
would Barkan other
popular one the
believed
depends
latest
David
Hollinger,
history,
begin
Despite
as Culture:
Lagumbay
World and
and
A.
history
to
manner
enough
In like
weapons historians
and they
interpretation,
conflicts,”6 Hollinger,
goals
(228). of wonder
Science, an book, doctoral
conclusions from of additions concern)
in contrast opinion
Hollinger’
to of
Asian
all the M.A. a
and of me
War the Jews—outsiders—into
Science,
thank
contributed
great scientists
Studies
of
Arguettes
American in
resemble
as
even an
historicity Barkan of
which
that various
Jews, in American
in
studies the science Science, if
II
Alexandra of
a
entirely holds
U.S.
to
deal a the
either and
when
and to
Jews,
result
those book science s
a
and
critical in of Kuznick’s
collection
history
the earned Public and cultural
does goal into at
notes
on racism
differences Cold Mid-Twentieth Jews, that Barkan’s. I each
and
history. Secular is
the
didn’t to story
of is
historians of different historiography
his Puerto,
so
the
a
he from
Culture Secular to
working not University science the
a scientific
and
War that its
other nexus mass
which
or
B.A.
conflicts believe
political
“analyze is
(Barkan’s
shares
Culture,
substance book, of Secular concern
San decline
her
who
comprehensive
scientific
eras,
in
in
Culture, in in
conference tack, academia.
within
has
of
who Francisco
philosophy personal
side
the read
in in
of
detail,
one
with pronouncements.
xi.
which myself. biography, Century
resonates forum Culture
California, over
Twentieth a its the
Hollinger’s in an
engage
of itself of post-A concern)
Chapter significant
own and
earlier the
use data Barkan,
the
the these
race. the
State
history
in approaches Both (Princeton:
in
papers
objectivity, with of American
determinism
ranks nnales
question influence the
Century.” May could scientific
in enough
draft Two, Los quite
Another
University works
science
intellectual,
in
its
authors
who 1930s.
Angeles,
work,
1994 race and
respect.
of
“Jewish American and
practice
of
lend deeply
tradition
this Princeton
As
by to
from social
the analyzes
a Intellectual
professional at as essays
community common
of
in
article, which Barkan historical satisfactorily
Barkan, conclude
itself theme
where
and
Intellectuals
May a
all,
scientist
Each
Protestant with the
weapon must
cultural,
context.
University
have
society.’7
that
and 1998. Science, closely
University
to
he focuses
anthropology ostensibly
Barkan’s. rightly
acknowledges
area
Degler,
be
either
intends Marijoy
it
records made that
History
In chose
and
in
is and attentive
scholars
political, What
of
the
account
Press, Christianity
mirrors
applied a
Jews,
once largely
points of
Ironically, the
a
to inquiry scientific fall
sequence
evident
Ganzon,
Kuznick,
Catfornia, to racist
study
One
De suggest shared
Barkan is
1996).
of
alight Jews
and to
one
and 107 and for
1998, out,
in
the on the and
of
U.S.
is
its or
is
a