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University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series Linguistics January 1996 Prosodic Morphology 1986 John J. McCarthy University of Massachusetts, Amherst, [email protected] Alan Prince Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/linguist_faculty_pubs Part of the Morphology Commons, Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons, and the Phonetics and Phonology Commons Recommended Citation McCarthy, John J. and Prince, Alan, "Prosodic Morphology 1986" (1996). Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series. 13. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/linguist_faculty_pubs/13 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Linguistics at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Linguistics Department Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Prosodic Morphology 1986 John J. McCarthy Alan S. Prince Department of Linguistics Department of Linguistics & RuCCS University of Massachusetts, Amherst Rutgers University, New Brunswick MPFFDUWK\#OLQJXLVWXPDVVHGX SULQFH#UXFFVUXWJHUVHGX Final Revision: October 25, 1996 Acknowledgments (1986) This document is excerpted from a longer work now in progress. The research reported here was first presented at the 3rd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics held at UCLA on March 29, 1985. Subsequent presentations were made to audiences at the University of Texas, Austin, Brown University, Harvard University, AT&T Bell Laboratories, the Second Seoul International Conference on Linguistics, the Max Planck Institute, and the authors’ home institutions. We note with gratitude the contributions of Junko Itô and Armin Mester at various stages, and we thank the audience at the 3rd WCCFL (especially Bruce Hayes and Nick Clements) and our colleagues Lisa Selkirk and Moira Yip for their challenging questions. Introduction (1996) This work has circulated in manuscript form since October, 1986. Its basic contents were first presented at WCCFL 3 in spring, 1986 to an audience that was not devoid of convinced believers in the C and the V. It has been cited variously as McCarthy & Prince 1986, M&P forthcoming, and even (optimistically) M&P in press. Many of the proposals made here have been revised, generalized, or superseded in subsequent work (see the bibliography below, p. 84), including a book ms. of nearly the same title by exactly the same authors. Junko Itô and Armin Mester have suggested to us that it might still be useful to make the 1986 manuscript available through an official venue. Pursuing their suggestion, we are putting the ms. out in final form as a technical report, with a proper and indeed augmented bibliography, with outright errors noted and corrected, and with some added commentary. We have kept the text very much the same as in the original version. A few trivial mistakes have been corrected silently. More serious missteps are discussed in remarks like this one, interpolated among the paragraphs of the original text. We have also inserted a number of brief comments and pointers to later developments, particularly when they have extended (or put shut to) a theme raised in these pages. For convenience, these scholia are included in the table of contents, in the same distinctive typeface. Preparation of this document was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant SBR- 9420424) and Rutgers University. We owe a large debt to John Alderete and Jill Beckman, whose assistance was indispensable. John McCarthy Alan Prince i Table of Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................... 1 1.1 Templatic Morphology within Prosodic Theory .................................. 1 Counting Allomorphy ......................................... 2 The XXX Template ........................................... 3 1.2 Outline of the Theory ...................................................... 5 The Prosodic Categories .............................................. 6 Minimal Word ............................................... 6 More on the Minimal Word .................................... 7 Foot Typology ..................................................... 7 Foot Theory ................................................ 8 Mapping Principles ................................................. 9 2. Elaboration and Exemplification ................................................... 10 2.1 Prefixation .............................................................. 10 The Simple Syllable as Prefix Target .................................. 10 Ilokano Reduplication ........................................ 10 Orokaiva Reduplication ...................................... 12 ONSET, Templates, & Alignment ................................ 13 The Core Syllable as Prefix Target ................................... 13 The Core Syllable...........................................13 Sanskrit Vowel-Initial Reduplication ............................. 15 The Heavy Syllable as Prefix Target .................................. 16 Mokilese .................................................. 16 Quantitative Transfer ........................................ 17 Ponapean: Heavy and Light ) as Prefixes ........................ 19 More on Ponapean ......................................... 19 Ponapean I: Consonant-initial Stems ............................ 19 Ponapean II: Vowel-Initial Stems .............................. 23 Ponapean III: Conclusion ..................................... 24 Ponapean IV: Proleptic and Historical Note ...................... 24 Minimal Word/Foot as Prefix ......................................... 24 Diyari Reduplication ......................................... 25 Lardil Phonology ........................................... 25 Reduplication in Yidig and Lardil ............................... 29 Makassarese Reduplication ................................... 29 Prosodic Reparsing ......................................... 30 2.2 Suffixation .............................................................. 30 The Minimal Word or Foot as Suffix Target ............................ 30 Manam Stress ............................................. 31 The Syllable as Suffix Target ........................................ 32 Alignment in Suffixing Reduplication ............................. 32 Kamaiurá Reduplication ...................................... 34 2.3 Infixation ............................................................... 34 Infixation via Extraprosodicity ........................................ 35 Prefix as Infix .............................................. 35 Infixing Reduplication ........................................ 38 VC Infixation............................................... 39 Uradhi and Timugon Murut Reduplication ........................ 40 Washo Reduplication ........................................ 43 Suffix as Infix ............................................. 43 Korean Reduplication ........................................ 43 Infixation via Affixation to a Prosodic Constituent ........................ 44 Infixation by Affixation to Prosodic Constituent ..................... 45 ii 2.4 Templatic Morphology .................................................... 45 Truncation........................................................ 45 More on Truncation ......................................... 47 Zuuja-go ................................................. 48 Templatic Well-formedness Requirements ............................. 50 True Templatic Morphology ......................................... 51 Semitic ................................................... 51 More on Semitic Morphology .................................. 52 Cupeño ...................................................54 Other Templatic Morphology .................................. 55 3. Other Issues in Templatic Structure ................................................. 55 3.1 Syllable-internal Structure .................................................. 56 Moraic Theory ............................................. 56 Intrasyllabic Structure ........................................ 57 Tübatulabal Reduplication .................................... 58 Language Games .......................................... 60 3.2 Prespecification? ......................................................... 61 Tone..................................................... 63 Fixed i in Yoruba Reduplication ................................ 63 The Fixed High Vowel in Akan Reduplication ...................... 65 Melodic Overwriting......................................... 68 3.3 Contour Segments ........................................................ 69 Affricates ................................................. 69 3.4 Phonological Consequences ................................................ 71 Compensatory Lengthening in Moraic Theory ..................... 72 4. The Nature of the Mapping Relation ................................................ 73 4.1 Melody Copying on the Same Tier ........................................... 73 Edge-in Association & Alignment ............................... 74 Base/Reduplicant Identity ..................................... 75 4.2 Melody Copying on a Different Tier .......................................... 75 4.3 Synchronous Skeleta ...................................................... 77 Overapplication, Transfer ....................................
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