Assessing the Identity of Grapevine Plants from Vineyards from Crete and Samos by Microsatellite Profiling

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Assessing the Identity of Grapevine Plants from Vineyards from Crete and Samos by Microsatellite Profiling ASSESSING THE IDENTITY OF GRAPEVINE PLANTS FROM VINEYARDS FROM CRETE AND SAMOS BY MICROSATELLITE PROFILING ÉVALUATION DE L’IDENTITÉ DE PLANTS DE VIGNES ISSUS DES VIGNOBLES DE CRÈTE ET DE SAMOS PAR PROFILAGE À DES LOCI MICROSATELLITES F. LEFORT1,*and K. ROUBELAKIS-ANGELAKIS2 1 : Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Génétique Appliquée, École d’ingénieurs de Lullier (EIL), Haute École Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES SO), 150 route de Presinge, 1254 Jussy, Switzerland 2 : Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece Abstract : Four nuclear microsatellite markers were used for testing 45 plants visually selected from 18 locations in controlled origin wine areas of Crete and Samos, and representing 7 cultivars. Discrepancies between the obtained profile and a profile from a plant of reference of a given cultivar, were found for 26 plants. This sugges- ted that microsatellite profiling at a small number of loci was an efficient procedure in order to detect and remove inappropriate material at an early stage of selection. In a second case, three plants were sampled from a vineyard, located in the controlled origin wine area of Dafnes in Crete, for testing their identity in comparison to cultivars of reference at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci. Only one matched its identity profile of reference. One of them was found to be a continental cultivar, named Fegi and not usually grown in Crete. This showed the resolution of microsatellite profiling for problems where misnaming at an early stage in nursery or trade could have important consequences for growers in controlled origin wine areas. Résumé : Quatre marqueurs microsatellites nucléaires ont été utilisés pour tester l’identité de 45 plantes, sélec- tionnées visuellement pour leurs différences phénotypiques avec les plantes environnantes de 7 cultivars, dans 18 vignes différentes de Crète et de Samos. Des différences entre profils génétiques obtenus et profils génétiques de références pour ces cultivars ont été relevées pour 26 plantes. Cela suggère que le profilage génétique à un nombre réduit de loci microsatellite est une procédure efficace pour détecter et donc éliminer un matériel végétal impropre à une phase précoce d’un processus de sélection à partir de vignes déjà établies. Dans un second cas, l’identité génétique de trois plantes, échantillonnées dans un vignoble privé de l’appellation contrôlée Dafnes en Crète, a été testée avec 15 marqueurs microsatellites nucléaires et les profils génétiques obte- nus ont été comparés avec ceux de cultivars de référence. Une des trois plantes (dite Liatiko Div. Agr.) était iden- tique à son profil de référence. Des deux autres, une (dite Kotsifali Div. Agr.) pouvait être un clone ou un parent de la première. Après comparaison de son profil d’identité génétique avec 298 profils génétiques à 9 loci microsatellites nucléaire de cultivars grecs, la troisième plante (dite Kotsifaloliatiko Div.Agr.) correspondait à un cultivar habituellement non cultivé en Crète mais en Grèce continentale et nommé Fegi. Ces résultats illustrent la résolution du profilage génétique par microsatellite appliqués à des problèmes pratiques d’identification de plantes provenant de vignes, où des erreurs de nom à un stade précoce (pépinière, distribution commerciale) peuvent avoir des conséquences importantes pour le viticulteur, dans les régions d’appelation contrôlée. Key-words: grapevine cultivars, microsatellite profiling, nSSR, Vitis vinifera. Mots-clés : cultivars de vigne, profilage génétique, microsatellite, Vitis vinifera. INTRODUCTION technically a high reproducibility between users of dis- tant laboratories, thus enabling an easy standardization Among the different classes of molecular markers of the sizing of the alleles. Since the characterization available for molecular profiling of genotypes, micro- of the first microsatellite markers in grapevine by satellites (or single sequence repeated, SSR) tend to be THOMAS et al. (1994), more markers have been made the tool of choice, because they are specific, highly available in the past years (BOWERS et al., 1996; DI polymorphic and co-dominant, while they also allow GASPERO et al., 2000; LEFORT et al., 2002a; SEFC J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 2002, 36, n°4, 177-183 *Correspondance : [email protected] - 177 - ©Vigne et Vin Publications Internationales (Bordeaux, France) F. LEFORT et K. ROUBELAKIS-ANGELAKIS et al., 1999), which have been used in a variety of pur- Sampling was carried out by technicians of the Division poses (for a review, see SEFC et al., 2001). They allo- for Agriculture of the Region of Crete and these plants wed in particular for the first time the comparison of are given with the label Div. Agr. along with their sup- molecular genetic profiles of distant gene pools, (SEFC posed name in table II. et al., 2000; SEFC et al., 2002) and the molecular mar- kers-assisted management of genetic resources (MALE- II - DNA EXTRACTION TIC et al., 1999 ; LOPES et al., 1999). In some cases they were also useful for discriminating clonal lines DNA was extracted from young leaves with a (VIGNANI et al., 1996). Greek genetic resources have micro-method of DNA isolation (LEFORT and been evaluated with previously characterized micro- DOUGLAS, 1999) modified for grapevine (LEFORT satellite markers and genetic profiles were made avai- and ROUBELAKIS-ANGELAKIS, 2001). lable in combination with the last advances in information technology (LEFORT and ROUBELA- III - MICROSATELLITE PCR AND MICROSA- KIS-ANGELAKIS, 2000; LEFORT and ROUBE- TELLITE PROFILE ANALYSIS LAKIS- Amplification primer sequences for nuclear micro- ANGELAKIS, 2001; LEFORT, 2002; LEFORT et al., satellite loci (nSSRs) from Vitis riparia ssrVrZAG21, 2002b). Markers of the same type but targeting the ssrVrZAG47, ssrVrZAG 62, ssrVrZAG64, ssrVrZAG67, chloroplast genome instead of the nuclear genome can ssrVrZAG79, ssrVrZAG83, ssrVrZAG112 (SEFC et also complete the genetic information provided by nuclear microsatellites and their potential had also been al., 1999) and from Vitis vinifera, VVS1, VVS2, VVS3, assessed in Greek cultivars of grapevine (ARROYO VVS4, VVS5 (THOMAS et al., 1994), ssrVvUCH11, et al., 2002; LEFORT et al., 2000) ssrVvUCH29 (LEFORT et al., 2002a) were used for DNA amplification. Four nSSR loci were used for Following this initial step of characterization of screening plants selected from vineyards in Crete and genetic resources of reference conserved in ampelo- Samos and 15 loci were used to check identities of graphic collections in Greece, genetic profiling with 3 plants from a private vineyard in Crete. microsatellite markers can now be used for checking the identity of plants selected from the vineyard in selec- PCR amplifications were carried out in 96-well pro- tion programs, or more generally in the future for pylene plates in 20 µl final volume reaction mixtures controlling the conformity of cultivars and rootstocks in a PTC-100 thermal cycler (M.J. Research Inc., provided by private nurseries, in order to avoid mis- Watertown, MA). PCR reactions were as follows: 1 µM takes which could have harsh consequences for the of each primer, 100 µM of each dNTPs (Biofinex, wine grower. Praroman, Switzerland), 1.5 mM MgCl2 in the buf- fer 75 mm Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 50 mM KCl, 20 mM In order to illustrate the power of resolution of mole- (NH )2 SO , 0.5 units Taq polymerase (Biotools, cular profiling for agricultural purposes, we report here 4 4 such a kind of a procedure applied to plants of diffe- Madrid, Spain) and 50 ng DNA template. The forward rent cultivars, selected from different vineyards in primer in each case was labeled with the Licor IR800 controlled origin wine areas of Crete and Samos, as fluorochrome. The following thermal cycling proto- well as a case of identification of plant material from col was applied for all loci: 95 °C for 5 min, 10 cycles a private vineyard from Crete. of 15 s at 50 °C, 15 s at 94 °C, followed by 23 cycles of 15 s at 50 °C, 15 s at 89 °C and terminated imme- MATERIAL AND METHODS diately at 4 °C; except for ssrVrZAG64 which had an optimal annealing temperature of 58 °C. The ampli- I - PLANT MATERIAL fication success was checked by electrophoresis in 2 % agarose gel in 1xTBE buffer (0.09 M Tris-borate, pH In the frame of a project of clone selection for a few cultivars from Crete and Samos, 45 grapevine plants 8.3, 2 mM EDTA, pH 8.0) and ethidium bromide stai- were sampled from 18 private vineyards located in ning. PCR products analysis was carried out on 8 % controlled origin wine areas of Crete and Samos polyacrylamide, 7M urea, 1xTBE sequencing gels in (table I), on the basis of phenotypic differences com- a Licor 2400 DNA Sequencer (Licor, Lincoln, NE), paratively to surrounding plants. Cuttings were culti- and alleles were sized with the software Gene Profiler vated in pots in the green house of the Laboratory of v3.54 (Scanalytics, Fairfax, VA). PCR products for Plant Physiology of the University of Crete. In the plants described in table I were run on the same gel. second case described, three plants were sampled in So was it in the second case, where PCR products of a private vineyard in Agia Barbara, a location of the the 3 investigated plants were run on the same gel along controlled origin wine area of Dafnes in Crete. with PCR products from reference plants (table II). J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 2002, 36, n°4, 177-183 ©Vigne et Vin Publications Internationales (Bordeaux, France) - 178 - Identity of grapevine plants by microsatellite profiling Table I - Microsatellite profiles of 47 grapevine plants from Crete and Samos at 4 microsatellite loci. Expected allele sizes are those of plants of reference for a given cultivar and are according the Greek Vitis data- base (http://www.biology.uoc.gr/gvd). Allele sizes are in base pairs (bp).
Recommended publications
  • Wine Selection
    WINE SELECTION WHITE WINES STRATARIDAKIS 750 ML €16 Varietal: Vilana, Thrapsathiri, Area: Heraklion, Crete – Food pairing: Salads and other light dishes of Mediterranean cuisine. – MARAGAKIS OGDOH TECHNI 750 ML €17 Varietal: Vidiano, Area: Dafnes Crete – Food Pairing: Grilled or baked fish and white sauces – LYRARAKIS PLYTO 750 ML €20 Varietal: Plyto, Area: Alagni Crete – Food Pairing: All salads and light olive oil-based Greek dishes – STRATARIDAKIS MOSHATO SPINAS 750 ML €21 Varietal: Moshato Spinas, Area: Kastelliana Crete – Food Pairing: Pasta dishes, red meat and yellow cheeses – TETRAMITHOS RODITIS RETSINA 750 ML €20 Varietal: Roditis, Area: Peloponnese – Food Pairing: Matches perfectly with most of the light olive oil-rich dishes of Greek cuisine. – CHATEAU JULIA CHARDONNAY 750 ML €29 Varietal: Chardonnay, Area: Drama, Macedonia, Greece – Food pairing: Raw shell fish like oysters and clams, fish with herbs or light sauces, white meats with lemon or wine based sauces, semihard cheeses like kaseri– VASSALTIS VINEYARDS, NASSITIS € 39 Varietal: Aidani, Athiri, Assyrtiko, Area: Santorini – Food pairing: Ideally paired with pies, white pasta, grilled fish, white meat cooked with white sauce, hard cheeses. – TECHNI ALIPIAS 750ML €22 Varietal: Sauvignon Blanc – Asyrtiko, Area: Attica – Food Pairing: White meats,Green vegetables, Dishes with tangy dairy ingredients – KTIMA KATSAROS 750 ML €33 Varietal: Chardonnay, Area: Olympus, Central Greece – Food Pairing: Shellfish like crab and prawns, steamed or grilled fish, chicken or vegetable terrines
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITAE Antonis Papoutsidakis MD, Msc, Phd
    A. PAPOUTSIDAKIS Curriculum Vitae CURRICULUM VITAE Antonis Papoutsidakis MD, MSc, PhD Orthopaedic Surgeon, Sports Medicine Specialist December 2020 1 A. PAPOUTSIDAKIS Curriculum Vitae CONTENTS A. PERSONAL DATA B. DIPLOMAS AND TITLES C. EDUCATION AND TRAINING D. PARTICIPATION IN MEDICAL REPORTS E. PARTICIPATION AS LECTURER IN SEMINARS F. PARTICIPATION AS ORGANIZING COMMITTEE IN COURSES AND SEMINARS G. PARTICIPATION AS CO-ORDINATOR IN COURSES AND SEMINARS H. PARTICIPATION IN TRAINING COURSES AND SEMINARS J. ATTENDANCE TO CONGRESSES - MEETINGS AND SEMINARS K. PUBLICATIONS L. TEACHING M. HOBBIES N. REFEREES 2 A. PAPOUTSIDAKIS Curriculum Vitae A. PERSONAL DATA Surname : PAPOUTSIDAKIS First name : ANTONIS Date of birth : 2 May 1971 Place of birth : Crete, Greece Nationality : Greek Languages : English, German Marital status : Married, two children Permanent address : Dimitrakaki 31, 74132, Rethymno, Crete, Greece Tel.: +302831052316 Fax: +302831052377 Mobile: +306944397316 E-mail: [email protected] GMC Specialist Registry 1/6/99 : 4607937 3 A. PAPOUTSIDAKIS Curriculum Vitae B. DIPLOMAS AND TITLES 1. July 1996 (31-7-1996) : Ptyhio Iatrikes (Medical Degree) University of Crete, Heraklio, Greece. 2. August 2004 (24-8-2004) : Specialty Exams. Title: Orthopaedic Surgeon. Heraklio, Crete, Greece. SOCIETIES 1. 1997-2004 : Member of the Hellenic Anticancer Association 2. Since 1997 : Member of the Sports Medicine Association of Greece. Since 15/12/2003 member of the board of the association. 3. 1997-2011 : Member of the International Federation of Sports Medicine 4. 1998-2002 : Member of the European College of Sports Science 5. Since 1998 : Member of the Greek Association of General Practitioners. 6. Since 1999 : Affiliate member of RCSE. No: 995031 7.1999-2002 : Member of British Association of Sports and Exercise Medicine membership 050574 8.
    [Show full text]
  • BEVERAGES Buddha Bar Beach Signature Cocktails
    ABATON - CRETE Restaurant Bar Beach Club BEVERAGES Buddha Bar Beach Signature Cocktails White Princess 16,00 € Gin, lemongrass infused Sake, fresh mint leaves, lime juice, sugar, passion fruit & vanilla foam Mojito Vito 16,00 € Houseblend Rum mix, pineapple juice, fresh mint leaves, lime, raw sugar Angel Touch 16,00 € Gin infused with Sichuan pepper, fresh cucumber, lemon juice, agave and ginger beer Boracay Spicy Mango 16,00 € Rum infused with Thai chili, mango juice, lime juice Japanese Old Fashioned 18,00 € Japanese Whisky, Umeshu, Cherry Bitter, honey water, cigar and oak smoke Flower Spritz 14,00 € Jasmine flower infused Aperol, fresh orange and fresh grapefruit slices, white wine & Prosecco Beverage Menu Buddha Bar World Touch Bubble Wap 20,00 € Champagne, Raspberry and Strawberry blend, Elderflower liquor, Rose water Little One 14,00 € Tequila blanco washed with kaffir lime leaves, fresh passion fruit and orgeat Kiwi Kukama 14,00 € Lemon zest infused Vodka, fresh kiwi and cucumber, honey, Elderflower liquor, Lemon Bitter Oh my Dog! 16,00 € White pepper infused Gin, house pomegranate liquor, fresh raspberry blend with rose syrup, lime juice and ginger ale Soft Cocktails Experiences « Non-Alcohol » Care bears 12,00 € Cranberry, strawberry, fresh lime juice, hibiscus and lemongrass syrup and pas- sion fruit & vanilla foam The way of Spices 10,00 € Mango, passion fruit, soy milk and coconut & kaffir lime leaves mix Saigon dream 10,00 € Cinnamon syrup, fresh ginger, apple juice, lime juice and ginger beer Fashion Fresh 12 12,00 € Fresh
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece
    water Review Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of Water Resources in the Island of Crete, Greece V. A. Tzanakakis 1,2,*, A. N. Angelakis 3,4 , N. V. Paranychianakis 5, Y. G. Dialynas 6 and G. Tchobanoglous 7 1 Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO-Demeter), Soil and Water Resources Institute, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece 2 Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Science, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Iraklion, 71410 Crete, Greece 3 HAO-Demeter, Agricultural Research Institution of Crete, 71300 Iraklion, Greece 4 Union of Water Supply and Sewerage Enterprises, 41222 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 5 School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece; [email protected] 6 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus; [email protected] 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 12 April 2020; Accepted: 16 May 2020; Published: 28 May 2020 Abstract: Crete, located in the South Mediterranean Sea, is characterized by long coastal areas, varied terrain relief and geology, and great spatial and inter-annual variations in precipitation. Under average meteorological conditions, the island is water-sufficient (969 mm precipitation; theoretical water potential 3284 hm3; and total water use 610 hm3). Agriculture is by far the greatest user of water (78% of total water use), followed by domestic use (21%). Despite the high average water availability, water scarcity events commonly occur, particularly in the eastern-south part of the island, driven by local climatic conditions and seasonal or geographical mismatches between water availability and demand.
    [Show full text]
  • “International Handbook on Green Local Fiscal Policy Models”
    “International handbook on green local fiscal policy models” LOCAL Policies for GREEN Energy – LOCAL4GREEN 1 Meritxell Bennasar Casasa Contents 1. Introduction 1.1. Background. Description Local Policies for Green Energy Project 1.2. About this document: main objectives and characteristics of this manual 1.3. Target Groups: Local authorities Consultants specializing in public management Decision makers of national and regional authorities Other interested parties in the promotion of renewable energy sources 1.4. Partners 2. Description of the 9 Mediterranean countries 2.1. Albania Lezha Vau i Dejës Kukës 2.2. Croatia Brdovec Jastrebarsko Klanjec Dugo Selo Pregrada 2.3. Cyprus Lakatamia Nicosia Aradippou 2.4. Greece Amariou Edessa Farsala Kozani Lagadas Leros Malevizi Milos Pilea-Hortiatis Platania Sithonia Tanagra Thermi Volvi 2.5. Italy 2 2.6. Malta San Lawrenz Sannat Kercem 2.7. Portugal Albufeira Alcoutim Aljezur Castro Marim Faro Lagoa Lagos Loulé Monchique Olhão Portimão São Brás de Alportel Silves Tavira Vila do Bispo Vila Real de Santo António 2.8. Slovenia Grosuplje Ivančna Gorica Kamnik Kočevje Kranj Križevci Lenart Trebnje 2.9. Spain Dolores Muro d’Alcoi Pedreguer Alfàs del Pi Altea Callosa d’en Sarrià Almussafes Godella Quart de Poblet Alaquàs Xeresa 3. Comparative study of national regulations 3.1. Albania 3.1.1. Albanian Tax System 3.1.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.2. Croatia 3.2.1. Croatian Tax Sytem 3.2.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.3. Cyprus 3.3.1. Cypriot Tax Sytem 3 3.3.2. Description of Fiscal Policies of Pilot Municipalities 3.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration Certificate
    1 The following information has been supplied by the Greek Aliens Bureau: It is obligatory for all EU nationals to apply for a “Registration Certificate” (Veveosi Engrafis - Βεβαίωση Εγγραφής) after they have spent 3 months in Greece (Directive 2004/38/EC).This requirement also applies to UK nationals during the transition period. This certificate is open- dated. You only need to renew it if your circumstances change e.g. if you had registered as unemployed and you have now found employment. Below we outline some of the required documents for the most common cases. Please refer to the local Police Authorities for information on the regulations for freelancers, domestic employment and students. You should submit your application and required documents at your local Aliens Police (Tmima Allodapon – Τμήμα Αλλοδαπών, for addresses, contact telephone and opening hours see end); if you live outside Athens go to the local police station closest to your residence. In all cases, original documents and photocopies are required. You should approach the Greek Authorities for detailed information on the documents required or further clarification. Please note that some authorities work by appointment and will request that you book an appointment in advance. Required documents in the case of a working person: 1. Valid passport. 2. Two (2) photos. 3. Applicant’s proof of address [a document containing both the applicant’s name and address e.g. photocopy of the house lease, public utility bill (DEH, OTE, EYDAP) or statement from Tax Office (Tax Return)]. If unavailable please see the requirements for hospitality. 4. Photocopy of employment contract.
    [Show full text]
  • AU/CE/En 1 AGREEMENT BETWEEN AUSTRALIA and the EUROPEAN
    AGREEMENT BETWEEN AUSTRALIA AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY ON TRADE IN WINE AU/CE/en 1 AUSTRALIA, of the one part, and THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, hereinafter called "the Community", of the other part, hereinafter called "the Contracting Parties", DESIROUS of improving conditions for the favourable and harmonious development of trade and the promotion of commercial cooperation in the wine sector on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and reciprocity, RECOGNISING that the Contracting Parties desire to establish closer links in the wine sector to help facilitate trade between the Contracting Parties, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: AU/CE/en 2 ARTICLE 1 Objectives The Contracting Parties agree, on the basis of non-discrimination and reciprocity, to facilitate and promote trade in wine originating in the Community and in Australia on the conditions provided for in this Agreement. ARTICLE 2 Scope and coverage This Agreement applies to wines falling under heading 22.04 of the Harmonized System of the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity, Description and Coding System, done at Brussels on 14 June 19831.. 1 ATS 1988 No 30 (without Annex); UNTS 1503 p. 168 (with Annex). AU/CE/en 3 ARTICLE 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the contrary intention appears: (a) "wine originating in" shall mean, when used in relation to the name of a Contracting Party, a wine that is produced within the territory of the Contracting Party solely from grapes which have been wholly harvested in the territory of that Contracting Party; (b) "geographical
    [Show full text]
  • Role-Based Access to Patients Clinical Data: the Intercare Approach in the Region of Crete G
    Role-Based Access to Patients Clinical Data: The InterCare Approach in the Region of Crete G. Potamias, M. Tsiknakis, D. Katehakis, E. Karabela, V. Moustakis, and S. Orphanoudakis HYGEIAnet: The Integrated Health Telematics Network of Crete HYGEIAnet: The HYGEIAnet Reference Architecture HYGEIAnet is an integrated healthcare telematics network installed and the Integrated Health Telematics Network of Crete operating in the region of the Greek island of Crete. The underlying Healthcare Information Infrastructure (HII) confronts to a Reference Architecture which Internet guides the development of the health-telematics network for the provision of User-Oriented Services Application Layer integrated healthcare services. It provides a general framework in which Supports the users’ healthcare related information systems are integrated to provide media-rich activities in the various Clinical Information Administrative Information Other Healthcare-related areas of the organization services to healthcare professionals, social workers, and the public. Chania Systems Systems Information Systems Users are primarily interested in information seeking and processing Kissamos Vamos Provides access to middleware services applications. Applications and enabling services employ certain information Heraklion based on particular policies related to the PPC-1 Rethymno Interface Information Task current task, user preferences and authorities AgentsInterface InformationAgents AgentsTask processing operations, and systems for data transport,PPC-1 which may be
    [Show full text]
  • MIS Code: 5016090
    “Developing Identity ON Yield, SOil and Site” “DIONYSOS” MIS Code: 5016090 Deliverable: 3.1.1 “Recording wine varieties & micro regions of production” The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 1 The Project is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund and by national funds of the countries participating in the Interreg V-A “Greece-Bulgaria 2014-2020” Cooperation Programme. 2 Contents CHAPTER 1. Historical facts for wine in Macedonia and Thrace ............................................................5 1.1 Wine from antiquity until the present day in Macedonia and Thrace – God Dionysus..................... 5 1.2 The Famous Wines of Antiquity in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace ..................................................... 7 1.2.1 Ismaric or Maronite Wine ............................................................................................................ 7 1.2.2 Thassian Wine .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Vivlian Wine ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Wine in the period of Byzantium and the Ottoman domination ....................................................... 15 1.4 Wine in modern times .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Crete 6 Contents
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Crete Hania p54 Rethymno p104 Iraklio p143 Lasithi p188 THIS EDITION WRITTEN AND RESEARCHED BY Alexis Averbuck, Kate Armstrong, Korina Miller, Richard Waters PLAN YOUR TRIP ON THE ROAD Welcome to Crete . 4 HANIA . 54 Argyroupoli . 117 Crete Map . 6 Hania . 56 The Hinterland & Mt Psiloritis . .. 119 Crete’s Top 15 . 8 East of Hania . 69 Moni Arkadiou . 119 Akrotiri Peninsula . 69 Need to Know . 16 Eleftherna . 121 Aptera . 71 First Time Crete . 18 Margarites . 121 Armenoi & Around . 71 Perama to Anogia . 122 If You Like… . 20 Almyrida . 71 Anogia . 123 Month by Month . 22 Vamos . 72 Mt Psiloritis . 124 Itineraries . 24 Gavalohori . 72 Coast to Coast . 125 Outdoor Activities . 32 Georgioupoli . 73 Armeni . 125 Lake Kournas . 73 Eat & Drink Spili . 125 Like a Local . 41 Vryses . 74 Southern Coast . 126 Travel with Children . 49 Southwest Coast & Sfakia . 74 Plakias . 127 Regions at a Glance . .. 51 Askyfou . 75 Preveli . 130 Imbros Gorge . 75 Beaches Between Plakias & Agia Galini . 131 Frangokastello . 76 Agia Galini . 132 CREATAS IMAGES / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / IMAGES CREATAS Hora Sfakion . 77 Northeastern Coast . 133 Loutro . 79 Panormo . 133 Agia Roumeli . 80 Bali . 135 Sougia . 81 Lissos . 83 Paleohora . 83 IRAKLIO . 143 Elafonisi . 88 Iraklio . 146 Hrysoskalitissas . 88 Around Iraklio . 157 Gavdos Island . 89 Knossos . 157 Lefka Ori West of Iraklio . 162 VENETIAN HARBOUR, & Samaria Gorge . 91 Agia Pelagia . 162 RETHYMNO P107 Hania to Omalos . 91 Fodele . 162 Omalos . 92 Arolithos . 162 Samaria Gorge . 94 Central Iraklio . 163 ALAN BENSON / GETTY IMAGES © IMAGES GETTY / BENSON ALAN Northwest Coast . 95 Arhanes & Around . 163 Innahorion Villages .
    [Show full text]
  • Crete (Chapter)
    Greek Islands Crete (Chapter) Edition 7th Edition, March 2012 Pages 56 Page Range 256-311 PDF Coverage includes: Central Crete, Iraklio, Cretaquarium, Knossos, Arhanes, Zaros, Matala, Rethymno, Moni Arkadiou, Anogia, Mt Psiloritis, Spili, Plakias & around, Beaches Between Plakias & Agia Galini, Agia Galini, Western Crete, Hania & around, Samaria Gorge, Hora Sfakion & around, Frangokastello, Anopoli & Inner Sfakia, Sougia, Paleohora, Elafonisi, Gavdos Island, Kissamos-Kastelli & around, Eastern Crete, Lasithi Plateau, Agios Nikolaos & around, Mohlos, Sitia & around, Kato Zakros & Ancient Zakros, and Ierapetra & around. Useful Links: Having trouble viewing your file? Head to Lonely Planet Troubleshooting. Need more assistance? Head to the Help and Support page. Want to find more chapters? Head back to the Lonely Planet Shop. Want to hear fellow travellers’ tips and experiences? Lonely Planet’s Thorntree Community is waiting for you! © Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd. To make it easier for you to use, access to this chapter is not digitally restricted. In return, we think it’s fair to ask you to use it for personal, non-commercial purposes only. In other words, please don’t upload this chapter to a peer-to-peer site, mass email it to everyone you know, or resell it. See the terms and conditions on our site for a longer way of saying the above - ‘Do the right thing with our content. ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Crete Why Go? Iraklio ............................ 261 Crete (Κρήτη) is in many respects the culmination of the Knossos ........................268 Greek experience. Nature here has been as prolifi c as Picas- Rethymno ..................... 274 so in his prime, creating a dramatic quilt of big-shouldered Anogia .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Booklet Concerning Ecosystem Services of Rural Areas in NATURA
    NATURA 2000 Network Ecosystem of Agricultural Services Areas of Crete INFORMATION GUIDE This publication was implemented by the University of Crete - Natural History Museum of Crete (NHMC) in the framework of the LIFE Natura 2000 Value Crete project: “The ecological services, social benefits and economic value of the Ecosystem Services in Natura 2000 sites in Crete” (LIFE13 INF/GR/000188). The project is co-financed by the European Commission/DG Environment at a percentage of 50% and was also co-financed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEEN), the Green Fund and the A. G. Leventis Foundation. Associated beneficiaries are the Decentralized Administration Authority of Crete – Directorate of Coordination and Supervision of Forests and the Hellenic Ornithological Society (HOS). UNIVERSITY OF CRETE – NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM OF CRETE Knossos Avenue Premises GR714 09 Heraklion, Crete Copyright © University of Crete - Natural History Museum of Crete Authors: Elisavet Georgopoulou, Niki Kyriakopoulou, Tania Ploumi Scientific editing: University of Crete - Natural History Museum of Crete Publication coordination: Michalis Probonas Editing - Correction of texts: Panagiotis Georgiakakis, Popi Baxevani, Elisavet Georgopoulou Graphics editing: Giannis Harkoutsis Maps editing: Elisavet Georgopoulou English translation: Nikolaos Pratsinis - Konstantinos Damianakis Suggested Reference: Elisavet Georgopoulou, Niki Kyriakopoulou, Tania Ploumi. 2018. Information Guide for Ecosystem Services of the NATURA 2000 Network sites in the Agricultural Areas of Crete. University of Crete - Natural History Museum of Crete, Heraklion, pp. 56. Printing: KAMPILI S.A. HERAKLION 2018 COMPLIMENTARY COPY ISBN: 978-960-367-043-8 The partial or total reproduction, use or re-printing is forbidden without the written permission of the University of Crete - Natural History Museum of Crete.
    [Show full text]