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Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (Sesa) For Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) FOR MINERAL SECTOR SUPPORT FOR ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized (MinDiver) MINISTRY OF MINES AND STEEL DEVELOPMENT FINAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized 2019 TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ III LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... VII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 JUSTIFICATION FOR PREPARING STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) .......................................... 1 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY AND APPROACH TO THE STUDY ....................... 3 CHAPTER THREE: BASELINE DATA ................................................................................... 8 3.1 OVERVIEW OF PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE MINING IN NIGERIA ................................................................................... 8 3.1.1 History, Occurrences and Commodities ...................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Current Mining Activities .......................................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Future Mineral Extraction ......................................................................................... 26 3.2 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN NIGERIA ................................................................................................ 27 3.2.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................ 27 3.2.2 Biological Environment ............................................................................................. 38 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND MINING ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 43 3.3.1 Culture, Religion, Community and Gender Issues in Nigeria .................................... 43 3.3.2.1 Gender Involvement and Other Socioeconomic Attributes of Mine Sites Visited ..... 44 3.3.3 Employment and Economic Activity .......................................................................... 46 3.3.4 Occupational Health ................................................................................................. 47 3.3.5 Challenges of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining in Nigeria ...................................... 48 CHAPTER FOUR: LEGAL, REGULATORY & INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..... 52 4.1 GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA ........................................................................................................................................ 52 4.2 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS GUIDING MINING & QUARRY LICENSING & MONITORING ....................................... 56 4.2.1 Federal Ministry of Environment regulations and Guidelines .................................. 56 4.2.2 Nigeria Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 .................................................................... 56 4.2.2.1 Some Provisions of Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 ................................................. 56 4.2.3 Nigeria Minerals and Mining Regulations, 2011 ...................................................... 59 4.2.4 National Minerals and Metals Policy, 2008 .............................................................. 60 4.2.5 Other Laws and Regulations Relating to Mining Sector and for Environmental Protection and Management in Nigeria ............................................................................... 61 4.3 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS .............................................................................................................................. 66 4.3.1 Federal Ministry of Mines and Steel Development ................................................... 66 4.3.2 Federal Ministry of Environment .............................................................................. 66 4.3.3 The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) ............................................................................................................................... 67 4.3.4 State Level Ministries, Departments and Agencies ................................................... 68 4.4 LABOUR COMMERCE AND SOCIOECONOMIC REGULATION .......................................................................................... 69 4.4.1 Laws & Regulations .................................................................................................. 69 4.5 THE MINING & QUARRYING INDUSTRY ....................................................................................................................... 69 4.5.1 Capacity of the Industry ............................................................................................... 69 Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for Mineral Sector Support for Economic Diversification Project (MinDiver) 4.5.2 Social and Community Contributions by the Industry .................................................. 70 4.6 TRAINING AND INSTITUTIONS .................................................................................................................................... 71 4.7 ANALYSIS AND COMMENT .................................................................................................................................... 71 4.7.1 Legislation and Regulatory Regime ............................................................................. 71 4.7.2 Perception of Miners about Challenges they encounter Regarding the Legislations and Regulatory Regimes ....................................................................................................... 73 CHAPTER FIVE: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS ..................................................... 77 5.1 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD .................................................................................................................................. 77 5.1.1 IFC Performance Standards ....................................................................................... 77 5.1.2: International Council of Mining and Metals’ (ICMM) Sustainable Development Framework and Position Statements .................................................................................... 78 5.1.3 Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) ............................................................................... 78 5.1.4 Africa Mining Vision .................................................................................................. 79 5.2 COUNTRY SPECIFIC EXAMPLES............................................................................................................................... 79 5.2.1 Ghana ........................................................................................................................ 79 CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS OF MINING ..................... 83 6.1 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF MINING IN NIGERIA ...................................................................... 77 6.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE MINDIVER PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 94 CHAPTER SEVEN: ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................. 99 7.1 ALTERNATIVE INTERVENTIONS UNDER MINDIVER PROJECT .......................................................................................... 99 7.2 APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER EIGHT: PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................................ 103 8.1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................................... 103 8.2 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................... 103 8.3 SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS AND MAJOR CONCERNS FROM STAKEHOLDER WORKSHOPS ............................................... 104 8.4 HIGHLIGHT AND KEY OUTCOMES OF CONSULTATIONS ............................................................................................. 107 8.4.1 Women Involvement in Mining: ................................................................................. 107 8.4.2 Child Labour and Regulation ...................................................................................... 107 8.4.3 Challenge of Obtaining Credit from Banks for Mining Business ................................ 108 8.4.4 Challenge of Adherence to Mining Laws by ASM Operators and Licensed Mining Companies: .......................................................................................................................... 108 8.4.5 Regulators Capacity and Challenges to Enforcement: ..............................................
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