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Increased Secretion of Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Antidiuretic Hormone, and Cortisol Induced by Flight Nurse Communication the Stress of Motion Sickness—T

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Increased Secretion of Growth Hormone, Prolactin, Antidiuretic Hormone, and Cortisol Induced by Flight Nurse Communication the Stress of Motion Sickness—T VOLUME 49 NUMBER 1 /FIKTION JANUARY 1978 SB4CE and jgggl ENVIRONMENTAL MTIOIULASSOCIATIO« PIBUCÄTIONS /^EDICINE BIDIRECTIONAL OVERADAPTATION ACHIEVED BY EXECUTING INCREASED URINARY EXCRETION OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE LEFTWARD OR RIGHTWARD HEAD MOVEMENTS DÜRING (T3) AND THYROXINE (T4) AND DECREASED SERUM THY- UNIDIRECTIONAL ROTATION—ishton Graybiel and James REOTROPIC HORMONE (TSH) INDUCED BY MOTION SICK• Knepton 1 NESS—/. Habermann, T. Eversmann, E. Erhardt, M. Gottsmann, G. Ulbrecht, and P. C. Scriba 58 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AMBIENT, PILOT, AND COCKPIT TEMPERATURES DÜRING ROUTINE AIR OPERATIONS- EFFECTS OF 6 HOURS HYPOXIC AND COLD EXPOSURE ON M. H. Harrison, C. Higenbottam, and R. A. Rigby 5 URINARY ELECTROLYTE AND CATECHOLAMINE EXCRE• TION— T. Purshottam, M. L. Pahwa, and H. D. Brahma- chari 62 COMPARISON OF ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTROMYO- GRAPHIC DATA—John C. Johnson 14 ALTERATIONS IN ERYTHROCYTE SURVIVAL PARAMETERS IN RATS AFTER 19.5 DAYS ABOARD COSMOS 782—Henry A. COSMIC RAY EFFECTS ON THE EYES OF RATS FLOWN ON Leon, Luba V. Serova, Jennifer Cummins, and Stephen COSMOS NO. 782, EXPERIMENT K-007—Delbert E. Phil• A. Landow 66 pott, Robert Corbett, Charles Turnbill, Gladys Harrison, David Leaffer, Sam Black, Walter Sapp, Gloria Klein, RAT LUNG HYPER-REACTIVITY TO STRESS-ZW L. Beck- and Loya F. Savik 19 man 70 CORIOLIS CROSS-COUPLING EFFECTS: DISORIENTING AND NAUSEOGENIC OR NOT?—Fred E. Guedry, Jr., and Alan J. Benson 29 CLINICAL MEDICINE LOW ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE EFFECTS ON WEARING VISUAL COUNTERACTION OF NAUSEOGENIC AND DISORIENT• SOFT CONTACT LENSES—Weylin G. Eng, Jerry L. ING EFFECTS OF SO ME WHOLE-BODY MOTIONS: A PRO- Rasco, and Joseph A. Marano 73 POSED MECHANISM—Fred E. Guedry, Jr 36 PSYCHOGENIC G-FORCE INTOLERANCE REVISITED-^o- RADIOBIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENT ABOARD THE BIOSATELLITE dore J. Wachs and Carlos J. G. Perry 76 C0SM0S-690—O. G. Gazenko, B. A. Adamovich, Yu. G. Grigoriev, Yu. P. Druzhinin, E. A. llyin, and V. I. Popov 42 HYPERTENSION IN THE CIVILIAN FLYING POPULATION: SIGNIFICANT OR Hüll—Michael A. Berry and Robert VITAMINS LIMITING FOR GROWTH OF SUBJECTS FED A NOR• L. Wiek, Jr 78 MAL DIET UNDER HYPERBARIC He-02 CONDITIONS— C. A. Zogg, S. J. Brumleve, B. DeBoer, and T. K. Akers 47 GUIDELINES FOR DEFINING AND DISPOSING OF MEDICAL WASTE—Frances S. Norris and B. G. Young 81 INCREASED SECRETION OF GROWTH HORMONE, PROLACTIN, ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, AND CORTISOL INDUCED BY FLIGHT NURSE COMMUNICATION THE STRESS OF MOTION SICKNESS—T. Eversmann, M. Gottsmann, E. Uhlich, G. Ulbrecht, K. von Werder, and THE CHALLENGE OF A CORONARY CARE UNIT IN A SMALL P. C. Scriba 53 HOSPITAL—Nancy A. Wagner 86 DEPARTMENTS Questions and Answers for AMEs 90 Wives9 Wing News & Notes 100 Excerpts from the Casebook of Jason Harbro, M.D., AME 91 Aerospace Physiologist Report 101 Space Medicine Branch Report 102 President^ Page 93 News of Members 106 Medical News 94 In Memoriam 108 Copyright © 1978 by the Aerospace Medical Association. Printed monthly at Gibbs-Inman Co., P.O. Box 32030, Louisville, Ky. 40232. Second class postage paid at Washington, D.C. and at Additional Mailing Offices. Subscription: $35 U.S.; $38 Mexico; $39 other foreign. m Increased Secretion off Growth Hormone, Prolaeffin, Anffidiuretic Hormone, and Cortisol Induced by ttie Sfress off Motion Sickness T. EVERSMANN, M. GOTTSMANN, E. UHLICH, G. ULBRECHT, K. VON WERDER, and P. C. SCRIBA Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Vniversity of Munich, and German Air Force Institute of Aviation Mediane, Fürstenfeld• bruck, West Germany EVERSMANN, T., M. GOTTSMANN, E. UHLICH, G. ULBRECHT, MATERIALS AND METHODS K. VON WERDER, and P. C. SCRIBA. Increased secretion of growth Hormone, prolactin, antidiuretic Hormone, and Cortisol induced We rotated 35 fasting male subjects clockwise in a by the stress of motion sickness. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. rotary chair at 8.00 a.m. During the rotation period, the 49(l):53-57, 1978. eyes of the subjects remained covered. The entire test The stress of motion sickness was experimentally provoked by Coriolis effect. Significant and reproducible increases from was performed at 22°C and completed at 12.00 noon. the basal serum level (A mean ± S.E.) of antidiuretic hormone The angular velocity of the rotary chair was increased A - ADH: 48.2 ± 4.6 pg/ml; p<0.0005), of growth hormone stepwise by 15°/s up to a maximum of 215°/s. Maxi• (A - hGH: 10.0 ± 1.2 ng/ml; p<0.0005), of prolactin (A - mal angular velocity depended on the individual number hPRL: 186.5 ± 29.9 /iU/ml; p<0.0005), and of Cortisol (A - of head movements necessary to elicit frank motion F: 12.3 ± 0.9 ng%; p<0.0005) were observed, whereas the luteinizing hormone levels did not change significantly. The sickness (fms). The latter became evident by vomiting Stimulation of hormone secretion induced by different degrees or retching of the subject. When fms has developed, the of motion sickness seems to correlate with the severity of motion rotary chair was stopped immediately by use of a brake, sickness. The secretion of antidiuretic hormones is the most which slowed down the angular velocity by 5°/s2. Dur• sensitive indicator for the stress of motion sickness whereas ing the rotation period, head movements were performed growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol responses to the stress of motion sickness are more delayed and less pronounced. rhythmically in the four cardinal directions, with 20 head movements per acceleration step. Development of ms Symptoms was registered according to a numerical score described by Miller and Graybiel (12). OTION SICKNESS (ms) during the early stages Blood samples were taken 30 min (-30) and im• M of military flight training has been reported in mediately before (O/I) and after the rotation period 10-18% of pilots (8,15). Therefore, an attempt has (O/II), as well as 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min been made to reduce the number of unsuitable candi- thereafter. In four subjects, additional samples were dates by means of tests to evaluate individual ms - collected during the rotation period in fractions over a susceptibility. Psychological, clinical, and physiological, period of 4 min using a peristaltic pump. but no endocrinological factors have been used to Urine was collected over four periods: evaluate ms - susceptibility (15). Since ms represents a stress Situation, we have investigated the response of fraction I (6 p.m. - 6 a.m.) before the test, pituitary and pituitary-dependent adrenal hormone fraction II (6 a.m. - 12 noon) including the test secretion to experimentally provoked ms. Results of this period, Stimulation test are presented in this paper. fraction III (12 noon - 6 p.m.), and fraction IV (6 p.m. - 6 a.m.), after the test period. Serum levels of growth hormone (hGH), prolactin (hPRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) were determined by radioimmuno- M. Gottsmann, E. Uhlich, K. von Werder, and P. C. Scriba assay (21,24). Serum and urine levels of cortisol were are with the University of Munich. T. Eversmann and G. Ul• measured by competitive protein-binding assay (22). brecht are with the GAF Institute of Aviation Medicine. Blood glucose was measured by the hexokinase-method Presented in part at the 48th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Aerospace Medical Association in Las Vegas, Nv, May 9- (Boehringer, Mannheim, FRG). Serum and urine 12, 1977. osmolality were determined by freezing point reduciion Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine • January, 197b 53 STRESS & PITUITARY SECRETION—EVERSMANN ET AL. TABLE I. BASAL AND MAXIMAL SERUM LEVELS OF ADH, hGH, hPRL, LH, CORTISOL, AND GLUCOSE. Maximal Basal Unitage X-fold Peak n level level Signifi- increase time (mean±S.E.) (mean±S.E.) cance + ) ++) (P<0.0) ADH 53.7 ± 4.6 2.2 ±6.5 pg/ml 0.0005 24.4 O/II 31 hGH 9.8 ± 1.2 0.7±0.1 ng/ml 0.0005 14 O/II 29 to 30' hPRL 311 ±26 147 ±7 /tU/ml 0.0005 2.1 O/II 29 to 15' LH 3.1 ± 6.6 1.9±0.3 mU/ml — — — 17 cortisol 21.3± 1.4 10.1 ±1.2 fig% 0.0005 2.1 O/II 29 to 30' glucose 110 ± 2.2 96 ±1.6 mg% 0.0005 1.14 O/II 23 to 30' +) significance determined between maximal and basal level by Wilcoxon test ++) peak time is marked according to the time scale of Fig. 1, 2. (Knauer-Osmometer). Statistical analysis was per• ments and the increasing degree of ms in a Single formed by paired and unpaired Wilcoxon-test and the subject. student's t-test. The stress of fms induced in all subjects a significant increase of ADH, hGH, hPRL, and cortisol secretion (Table I), whereas LH levels decreased slightly, but RESULTS not significantly. The hGH secretion showed two The number of ultimately performed head move• separated peaks before (O/I) and after (O/II) rota• ments ranged between 94 and 300; the mean was tion (Fig. 1). The first increase occurred in those sub• 158.7 ± 8.2. Two subjects performed 300 head move• jects (n = 7) who were already stressed by venipunc- ments with only slight ms Symptoms and slight in- ture. Three of those subjects also showed an increase creases of hormone levels. No correlation was found of hPRL, but not of ADH or cortisol, before rotation between the number of head movements and the maxi• period. The hGH increase induced by fms was still mal hormone levels when calculated for all tested sub• significant after the rotation period (p< 0.025), though jects. In contrast, the increase of hormone secretion there was no significant difference between the hGH correlated well to the increasing number of head move• peak before and after rotation.
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